CN118566577A - Frequency acquisition system, method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a frequency acquisition system, method and apparatus, relates to the field of quantum computation, and is applied to a superconducting quantum computing apparatus, where the superconducting quantum computing apparatus includes a measurement and control instrument, a refrigerator and a packaging box packaged with a superconducting quantum chip, and includes: and the signal acquisition component is arranged in the packaging box and is used for acquiring frequency signals transmitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip. Through the frequency acquisition system of this disclosure, utilize the signal acquisition subassembly in the enclosure box to directly gather the frequency signal, need not additionally to add the reading line and just can catch the frequency signal fast accurately, avoided the crowding with the qubit frequency test circuit on the one hand, reduced the crosstalk between the signal, improved the purity degree and the reliability of signal. On the other hand, the signal transmission path is reduced, so that the reading speed is improved, and accurate and efficient frequency acquisition is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of quantum computing, in particular to a frequency acquisition system, a frequency acquisition method and a frequency acquisition device.
Background
At present, the line density on the superconducting quantum chip is higher and higher, the frequency difference is smaller and smaller, and the crosstalk problem between lines is more and more serious.
In the related art, although the calibration of the subsequent frequency is convenient for the adjustable coupler provided with the reading line, in the frequency acquisition process, the reading cavity occupied by the reading line can occupy the working frequency of the superconducting quantum bit reading cavity, so that the problems of signal crosstalk and frequency congestion among different lines on the superconducting quantum chip are caused. For an adjustable coupler without a read line, the frequency of the coupler cannot be directly measured and calibrated, and the frequency needs to be determined through bit frequency scanning, namely the bit frequency needs to be scanned in a large range to determine the working frequency and state of the adjustable coupler, so that more time and hardware resources are consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a frequency acquisition system, a frequency acquisition method and a frequency acquisition device, which aim to solve the problems existing in the background art.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure is implemented as follows:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a frequency acquisition system applied to a superconducting quantum computing device, the superconducting quantum computing device including a measurement and control instrument, a refrigerator, and a packaging box packaged with a superconducting quantum chip, including:
the signal acquisition component is arranged in the packaging box and is used for acquiring frequency signals transmitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip.
Optionally, the signal acquisition component comprises an antenna for acquiring frequency signals and a magnetic flux pinning device for absorbing electromagnetic noise; the magnetic flux pinning device includes a plurality of units of high permeability material disposed around the antenna.
Optionally, the antenna is made of a superconducting metal material and/or the antenna is annular in shape.
Optionally, the antenna is disposed directly above the superconducting quantum chip, so that a signal acquisition range of the antenna covers a range of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip;
And adjusting the vertical distance between the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip so as to enable the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip to be in critical coupling.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a frequency acquisition method, which is applied to the frequency acquisition system, where the method includes:
collecting frequency signals emitted by an adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip through a signal collecting assembly on the packaging box;
And determining the working frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
Optionally, the signal acquisition component includes an antenna for acquiring a frequency signal; the method further comprises the steps of:
The measurement and control instrument sends a control signal to the packaging box, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of a target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, and the coupling strength is determined through the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
Optionally, the operating frequency includes an off-state operating frequency and an on-state operating frequency, and the off-state operating frequency and the on-state operating frequency are determined according to the following steps:
Controlling the magnetic flux bias of a control line on the target adjustable coupler through the control signal so as to enable the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler to be 0, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip;
acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through the antenna;
The measurement and control instrument receiving loop receives the off-state frequency signal and determines the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the off-state frequency signal;
gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold is reached;
acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in real time under a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 through the antenna;
and the measurement and control instrument determines the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in a plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency signals in the plurality of frequency bands.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
under the condition of carrying out off-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out corresponding test on the superconducting quantum chip according to the off-state working frequency;
under the condition of carrying out on-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out test corresponding to each frequency band on the superconducting quantum chip according to the on-state working frequencies of the plurality of frequency bands
Optionally, a plurality of tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have respective determined priorities;
the method further comprises the steps of:
And the measurement and control instrument sequentially determines the working frequencies of the plurality of adjustable couplers according to the respective determination priorities of the plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip until the measurement and control instrument detects that the working frequencies of all the adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip are determined.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an apparatus for configuring an interface register, the apparatus including:
The collection module is used for collecting frequency signals emitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip through the signal collection assembly on the packaging box;
and the determining module is used for determining the working frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
The transmitting module is used for transmitting a control signal to the packaging box by the measurement and control instrument, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, and the coupling strength is determined through the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
Optionally, the operating frequency includes an off-state operating frequency and an on-state operating frequency; the apparatus further comprises:
The control module is used for controlling the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler through the control signal so as to enable the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler to be 0, and the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip;
The off-state signal acquisition module is used for acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through the antenna;
the off-state frequency signal receiving module is used for receiving the off-state frequency signal by the measurement and control instrument receiving loop and determining the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the off-state frequency signal;
The adjusting module is used for gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold value is reached;
the on-state frequency signal acquisition module is used for acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in real time under a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 through the antenna;
the on-state working frequency determining unit is used for determining the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in the plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency signals in the plurality of frequency bands by the measurement and control instrument.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the first testing module is used for carrying out corresponding testing on the superconducting quantum chip by the measurement and control instrument according to the off-state working frequency under the condition of carrying out off-state testing on the superconducting quantum chip;
and the second testing module is used for testing the superconducting quantum chip corresponding to each frequency band according to the on-state working frequency of the superconducting quantum chip under the condition of on-state testing of the superconducting quantum chip.
Optionally, a plurality of tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have respective determined priorities;
The apparatus further comprises:
And the second determining module is used for determining the working frequencies of the plurality of adjustable couplers in sequence by the measurement and control instrument according to the respective determining priorities of the plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip until the measurement and control instrument detects that the working frequencies of all the adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip are determined.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
Through the frequency acquisition system of this disclosure, utilize the signal acquisition subassembly in the enclosure box to directly gather the frequency signal, need not additionally to add the reading line and just can catch the frequency signal fast accurately, avoided the crowding with the qubit frequency test circuit on the one hand, reduced the crosstalk between the signal, improved the purity degree and the reliability of signal. On the other hand, the signal transmission path is reduced, thereby improving the reading speed. Meanwhile, the design and manufacturing flow of the system are simplified, the consumption of hardware resources is reduced, and the integration level and the reliability of the system are improved. Accurate and efficient frequency acquisition is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a cell structure of a superconducting quantum chip in the related art;
Fig. 2 is a cell structure of another superconducting quantum chip in the related art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PCB board on a top box in an enclosure according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a frequency acquisition method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a frequency acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present disclosure, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a unit structure of a superconducting quantum chip in the related art, and as shown in fig. 1, a currently-used tunable coupling chip structure has no special read line, and mainly comprises a superconducting quantum chip and a tunable coupler. The adjustable coupler is used for adjusting the coupling strength between the quantum bits so as to realize the initialization of the quantum bits and the quantum gate operation. In this configuration, the operating frequency of the tunable coupler may be determined by other means, such as a wide range scan of the bit frequency to determine the operating state of the tunable coupler. The disadvantage of this architecture is that it consumes more time and hardware resources to frequency scan the bits during qubit initialization and quantum gate operation.
Fig. 2 is a unit structure of another superconducting quantum chip in the related art, and as shown in fig. 2, the adjustable coupler is added with a reading cavity for reading working parameters such as working frequency. The read chamber is used to quickly determine the operating frequency and operating state of the adjustable coupler. The method can realize rapid reading of the parameters of the adjustable coupler by reading the microwave signals radiated by the adjustable coupler. This configuration, while allowing for quick reading of the operating frequency of the tunable coupler, has some drawbacks. One of the defects is that the reading cavity occupies the working frequency of the superconducting qubit reading cavity, so that signal crosstalk and frequency congestion appear between different lines on the superconducting quchip. This is because the read cavity and the read cavity of the superconducting qubit share the same frequency range, resulting in a smaller frequency difference between them. This can affect signal quality and performance on superconducting quantum chips.
In order to overcome the drawbacks of the two typical superconducting quantum chips, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a frequency acquisition system. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a frequency acquisition system according to an embodiment of the disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, the system is applied to a superconducting quantum computing device, the superconducting quantum computing device includes a measurement and control instrument, a refrigerator, and a packaging box packaged with a superconducting quantum chip, and the system includes: the signal acquisition component is arranged in the packaging box and is used for acquiring frequency signals transmitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip.
The measurement and control instrument is used for controlling and monitoring the whole frequency determination process. It is connected with the terminal of the packaging box through a microwave cable to ensure the transmission and the reception of signals. The measurement and control instrument is responsible for generating the required control signals and processing the frequency signals received from the superconducting quantum chip, for example, the measurement and control instrument can be a spectrometer or other instrument used for parameter analysis and microwave emission. The refrigerator is used for providing necessary low-temperature environment for the superconducting quantum chip, the low-temperature environment is a key condition for realizing superconducting state and accurate measurement, and the packaging box is arranged inside the refrigerator so as to keep the chip to stably run in the superconducting state. The microwave cable is connected with the measurement and control instrument and the terminal of the packaging box, is a medium for signal transmission, and is important to ensure the stability of signal transmission and reduce loss due to the design and quality of the cable, and the microwave cable can be a high-frequency coaxial line. The packaging box is a structure for packaging the superconducting quantum chip and consists of a top box and a bottom box, and the embodiment of the disclosure is improved on a classical packaging box structure.
The frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the coupling strength is acquired through the signal acquisition component in the packaging box. The signal acquisition component can acquire frequency signals emitted by the adjustable coupler under different coupling strengths. These frequency signals can be transmitted to the measurement and control instrument for reception and analysis by the receiving loop of the microwave cable.
Through the frequency acquisition system of this disclosure, utilize the signal acquisition subassembly in the enclosure box to directly gather the frequency signal, need not additionally to add the reading line and just can catch the frequency signal fast accurately, avoided the crowding with the qubit frequency test circuit on the one hand, reduced the crosstalk between the signal, improved the purity degree and the reliability of signal. On the other hand, the signal transmission path is reduced, thereby improving the reading speed. Meanwhile, the design and manufacturing flow of the system are simplified, the consumption of hardware resources is reduced, and the integration level and the reliability of the system are improved. Accurate and efficient frequency acquisition is realized.
Illustratively, the signal acquisition assembly includes an antenna for acquiring frequency signals and a magnetic flux pinning device for absorbing electromagnetic noise; the magnetic flux pinning device includes a plurality of units of high permeability material disposed around the antenna.
For the packaging box provided by the disclosure, the top box is the upper part of the packaging box, and the structure is relatively simple. The superconducting quantum chip is mainly used for fixing and protecting the superconducting quantum chip on the bottom box. A PCB board for mounting the antenna is disposed on the top box. The antenna is used for collecting frequency signals emitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip. The bottom box is the lower part of the packaging box and is the main area of the superconducting quantum chip packaging. The superconducting quantum chip is packaged in a middle region in the bottom box. Around the bottom box is a PCB circuit board for connecting the superconducting circuits of the superconducting quantum chips and the terminals on the package box. The bottom box and the top box are fixed together through screws to form a complete superconducting quantum chip packaging box.
The magnetic flux pinning device is used for trapping electromagnetic noise on the PCB, so that crosstalk of test line noise to the antenna is reduced. In the testing process of the superconducting quantum chip, electromagnetic noise may interfere with a test signal, and accuracy of a test result is affected. To reduce this interference, flux pinning devices are designed to absorb and isolate electromagnetic noise. The unit of the magnetic flux pinning device is made of a high magnetic permeability material, and the material has high magnetic permeability and can effectively absorb and isolate electromagnetic noise. These units are arranged around the antenna and can limit the propagation range of electromagnetic noise to a certain extent, thereby reducing interference to the antenna. By arranging the magnetic flux pinning device, the signal to noise ratio of the test line is improved, and the influence of electromagnetic noise on the antenna is reduced, so that the accuracy and reliability of the test are improved. This is important for testing superconducting quantum chips, so that the test results are highly reliable.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a PCB board on a top box in an enclosure according to an embodiment of the disclosure, where, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna is made of a superconducting metal material and/or the antenna is ring-shaped.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna is made of a superconducting metallic material. Superconducting metal is a material that has zero resistance and complete magnetic flux repulsion at low temperatures. In the superconducting state, current can flow unimpeded inside the superconductor, thereby reducing energy losses. Therefore, the efficiency and performance of the antenna can be improved by using superconducting metal to fabricate the antenna. In yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, the antenna is annular in shape. Loop antennas are a common antenna form that is primarily characterized by a high directivity and a wide frequency response range. Since the wavelength of microwaves can reach the order of more than millimeter, one loop antenna can cover a larger area on the superconducting quantum chip and can receive the radiation of a plurality of tunable couplers. This design can improve the receiving efficiency and sensitivity of the antenna, thereby better collecting and analyzing the radiated signals of the tunable coupler.
In addition, the frequency signal acquired by the antenna is led out through an SMA terminal, which is a connector commonly used for microwave and radio frequency applications. It has a threaded connection and a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. SMA terminals are typically used to connect signal transmission between a microwave device and a test instrument. In the present disclosure, SMA terminals are used to connect the package box and the test line of the refrigerant to draw signals from the package box inside the refrigerant into a measurement and control instrument in a room temperature environment.
Illustratively, the antenna is disposed directly above the superconducting quantum chip such that a signal acquisition range of the antenna covers a range of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip; and adjusting the vertical distance between the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip so as to enable the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip to be in critical coupling.
The antenna is disposed directly above the superconducting quantum chip, i.e., the antenna is located on top of the superconducting quantum chip, perpendicular to the plane of the chip. The deployment position is selected to maximize the reception of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip. Specifically, the signal acquisition range of the antenna covers the range of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip and the deployment position right above the superconducting quantum chip, so that the signal acquisition range of the antenna is large enough to cover the range of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip. This means that the antenna can receive the radiation signals from the different tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip and transmit them to the measurement and control instrument for analysis. Critical coupling is a specific state of coupling in which the efficiency of energy transfer is maximized. In the critical coupling state, the energy transfer from the antenna to the chip just reaches a balance point, i.e. the energy is neither excessive nor insufficient. The vertical distance between the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip is adjusted, so that the energy transmission efficiency is directly influenced, and the frequency signal acquisition is enabled to achieve the optimal efficiency.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a frequency acquisition method according to an embodiment of the disclosure, where the method is applied to the frequency acquisition system described above, and as shown in fig. 5, the method includes:
step S101, collecting frequency signals emitted by an adjustable coupler on a superconducting quantum chip through a signal collecting assembly on a packaging box.
Step S102, determining the working frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
In step S101, the adjustable coupler generates different frequency signals with different coupling strengths. The coupling strength refers to the interaction strength between qubits, and the frequency signal refers to the operating frequency of the microwave signal radiated by the tunable coupler at a specific coupling strength. For example, let us assume that we have an adjustable coupler that is used to adjust the coupling strength between two qubits. When the coupling strength of the tunable coupler is weak, the interaction between the qubits is small, and the tunable coupler radiates with a lower frequency signal. When the coupling strength of the tunable coupler increases, the interaction between the qubits increases, and the tunable coupler radiates at a higher frequency signal. The frequency signals generated by the adjustable coupler under different coupling strengths can reflect the change of the working state and the coupling strength of the adjustable coupler. The frequency signals are acquired by the signal acquisition component, and the subsequent working frequency can be determined on the measurement and control instrument aiming at the adjustable coupler, so that the coupling strength between the quantum bits is adjusted, and the subsequent operations such as quantum state initialization or two-bit quantum gate operation are realized.
And a design step S102, wherein the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component is transmitted to the measurement and control instrument through a receiving loop of the microwave cable. The measurement and control instrument may receive and analyze these frequency signals to determine the operating frequency and operating state of the adjustable coupler. The measurement and control instrument takes a spectrometer as an example, and the spectrometer can receive frequency signals transmitted through the microwave cable and analyze the signals. By setting and operating the spectrometer, the operating frequency and operating state of the adjustable coupler can be determined. The spectrometer may convert the received frequency signal into a spectrogram showing the intensity distribution of the signal at different frequencies. By observing the spectrogram, the peak position and intensity of the frequency signal can be determined, thereby determining the operating frequency of the tunable coupler. In addition, the spectrometer can also provide other relevant parameters, such as bandwidth, power and other information of the signal, so as to help analyze and judge the working state of the adjustable coupler. And acquiring a frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the coupling strength through an antenna on a PCB on the top box of the packaging box.
Illustratively, the signal acquisition assembly includes an antenna for acquiring frequency signals; the method further comprises the steps of: the measurement and control instrument sends a control signal to the packaging box, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of a target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, and the coupling strength is determined through the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
The measurement and control instrument sends a control signal to the PCB on the bottom box of the packaging box through the sending loop of the microwave cable, the sent control signal is used for adjusting the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, namely adjusting the magnetic flux bias on the control line on the target adjustable coupler, and the target adjustable coupler can be understood as an adjustable coupler which needs to be subjected to frequency calibration at present. A frequency acquisition system provided by embodiments of the present disclosure is a typical feedback control system in which a measurement and control instrument not only receives signals to monitor and analyze the current state, but also sends signals to adjust and optimize system performance. This bi-directional communication allows the system to adjust in real time in response to real-time operating condition changes of the quantum chip, thereby ensuring that the quantum device is operating in an optimal state. In this way, efficient and accurate control is achieved in superconducting quantum computing and other high-precision quantum measurement techniques. On the measurement and control instrument, a change in the energy level bit curve can be observed, in which the distance between two adjacent energy levels is called the "gap". In particular, the minimum gap is a critical parameter in describing the coupled qubits, as it determines the slew rate and susceptibility between quantum states. When two qubits are coupled, their energy levels may form a so-called "crossover avoidance", at which point the gap between the energy levels is minimized. The minimum gap of the energy level curve is twice the coupling strength, so the present disclosure can determine the coupling strength of the tunable coupler by the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
Illustratively, the operating frequency includes an off-state operating frequency and an on-state operating frequency;
The operating frequency of the adjustable coupler can be divided into two cases: off-state operating frequency and on-state operating frequency. The off-state operating frequency refers to the operating frequency when the tunable coupler is turned off, i.e., when there is no coupling between the tunable coupler and the qubit. In this case, the coupling between qubits is turned off, and single bit quantum gate operation and quantum state initialization can be performed. The on-state operating frequency refers to the operating frequency at which there is coupling between the tunable coupler and the qubit when the tunable coupler is turned on. In this case, there is coupling between the qubits, and a two-bit quantum gate operation can be performed. The conversion from the off state to the on state can be realized by adjusting the working frequency of the adjustable coupler, thereby controlling the coupling strength between the qubits.
The off-state operating frequency and the on-state operating frequency are determined according to the following steps: controlling the magnetic flux bias of a control line on the target adjustable coupler through the control signal so as to enable the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler to be 0, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip; acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through the antenna; the measurement and control instrument receiving loop receives the off-state frequency signal and determines the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the off-state frequency signal; gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold is reached; acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in real time under a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 through the antenna; and the measurement and control instrument determines the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in a plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency signals in the plurality of frequency bands.
The sequence of frequency acquisition is calibrated step by step from off-state frequency to on-state frequency. Specifically, the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler is controlled by the control signal so that the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler is 0. This means that the coupling between the tunable coupler and the qubit is closed and no interaction occurs between the qubits. The control signal is used to control the coupling strength of the target tunable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip. And acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through an antenna. The measurement and control instrument receives the off-state frequency signals through a receiving loop of the microwave cable, and determines the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the signals. The measurement and control instrument analyzes the received signals, and extracts information of the off-state frequency from the signals to determine the working frequency of the target adjustable coupler. And gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold is reached, namely controlling the coupling strength of the adjustable coupler to be about 10 Mhz. Thus, the adjustable coupler can be gradually opened, so that the coupling strength between the quantum bits is increased. And acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 in real time through the antenna. The signals collected by the antenna comprise the on-state frequency information of the target adjustable coupler in different frequency bands, and the measurement and control instrument determines the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in a plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency information.
The frequency acquisition method provided by the disclosure adopts a gradual calibration sequence from the off-state frequency to the on-state frequency, ensures that the off-state working frequency is determined firstly in the state that the adjustable coupler is closed, then the on-state working frequency is determined, ensures the effectiveness and completeness of the frequency recording process, and can realize the coupling closing between the qubits by controlling the working frequency of the adjustable coupler to be the off-state working frequency when the superconducting quantum chip is tested subsequently, thereby carrying out the initialization operation of the qubits. The coupling between the qubits can be opened by adjusting the operating frequency of the adjustable coupler to an on-state operating frequency, thereby performing a two-bit gate operation. This is achieved at the on-state operating frequency. In addition, the coupling strength between the quantum bits can be adjusted by controlling the working frequency of the adjustable coupler, so that the preparation of the quantum state is realized. By collecting the on-state frequency signals in different frequency bands, the quantum state preparation effect under different coupling strengths can be determined. The method for determining the off-state working frequency and gradually calibrating the switching working frequency is very important for applications such as quantum computation and quantum communication of superconducting quantum chips.
Illustratively, the method further comprises: under the condition of carrying out off-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out corresponding test on the superconducting quantum chip according to the off-state working frequency; under the condition of carrying out on-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out corresponding test on each frequency band on the superconducting quantum chip according to the on-state working frequencies under the plurality of frequency bands.
And when the off-state test is performed, the measurement and control instrument tests the superconducting quantum chip according to the off-state working frequency. The off state refers to a state in which the qubit is in a ground state or an excited state, and is generally used for initialization and single bit gate operation in quantum computing. The measurement and control instrument can perform corresponding test on the superconducting quantum chip according to the requirement of the off-state working frequency so as to verify the accuracy and stability of the off-state. When the on-state test is carried out, the measurement and control instrument carries out the test corresponding to each frequency band on the superconducting quantum chip according to the on-state working frequencies under a plurality of frequency bands. The on state is a state in which there is coupling between qubits and a two-bit gate operation is possible. In order to perform the on-state test, the measurement and control instrument needs to determine the on-state working frequencies under different frequency bands, and perform corresponding tests on the superconducting quantum chip under each frequency band so as to verify the accuracy and stability of the on-state of the superconducting quantum chip.
According to different test conditions and working frequency requirements, the measurement and control instrument can conduct off-state test and on-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, ensure the accuracy of the working frequency under different test conditions, comprehensively evaluate the performance and the function of the superconducting quantum chip, and provide accurate data and results for subsequent quantum computing tasks.
Illustratively, a plurality of tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have respective determined priorities; the method further comprises the steps of: and the measurement and control instrument sequentially determines the working frequencies of the plurality of adjustable couplers according to the respective determination priorities of the plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip until the measurement and control instrument detects that the working frequencies of all the adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip are determined.
The superconducting quantum chip is provided with a plurality of adjustable couplers, and the adjustable couplers have different functions and importance. In order to effectively manage the adjustment and control of the adjustable couplers, a priority is set for each adjustable coupler, the priorities determine the processing sequence of the adjustable couplers in the control process, and the adjustable coupler with high priority is adjusted preferentially. The measurement and control instrument sequentially determines the working frequency according to the priority of each adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, namely, firstly, the adjustable coupler with the highest priority is processed, the coupling strength of the adjustable coupler is adjusted, and then the working frequency of the adjustable coupler is measured and determined. Then, the measurement and control instrument sequentially processes the adjustable coupler of the next priority, and the same process of adjusting and determining the working frequency is repeated. This process continues until the instrumentation checks and confirms that the operating frequencies of all the tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have been determined and adjustments completed.
This sequencing and prioritization control strategy is of great importance for frequency acquisition of multiple tunable couplers on superconducting quantum chips, especially in quantum computing and quantum simulation applications involving precise frequency control and multiparameter tuning. The adjustable coupler with high priority is ensured to obtain the pre-frequency calibration before the adjustable coupler with low priority, so that the performance and response of the whole system are optimized, the working frequency determining process of a plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip is effectively managed and controlled, and the flexibility, efficiency and reliability of the system are improved.
Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a frequency acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 6, where the device includes:
the acquisition module 201 is used for acquiring a frequency signal emitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip through the signal acquisition component on the packaging box;
And the determining module 202 is configured to determine the operating frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
Illustratively, the apparatus further comprises:
The transmitting module is used for transmitting a control signal to the packaging box by the measurement and control instrument, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, and the coupling strength is determined through the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
Illustratively, the operating frequency includes an off-state operating frequency and an on-state operating frequency; the apparatus further comprises:
The control module is used for controlling the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler through the control signal so as to enable the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler to be 0, and the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip;
The off-state signal acquisition module is used for acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through the antenna;
the off-state frequency signal receiving module is used for receiving the off-state frequency signal by the measurement and control instrument receiving loop and determining the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the off-state frequency signal;
The adjusting module is used for gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold value is reached;
the on-state frequency signal acquisition module is used for acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in real time under a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 through the antenna;
the on-state working frequency determining unit is used for determining the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in the plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency signals in the plurality of frequency bands by the measurement and control instrument.
Illustratively, the apparatus further comprises:
the first testing module is used for carrying out corresponding testing on the superconducting quantum chip by the measurement and control instrument according to the off-state working frequency under the condition of carrying out off-state testing on the superconducting quantum chip;
and the second testing module is used for testing the superconducting quantum chip corresponding to each frequency band according to the on-state working frequency of the superconducting quantum chip under the condition of on-state testing of the superconducting quantum chip.
Illustratively, a plurality of tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have respective determined priorities;
The apparatus further comprises:
And the second determining module is used for determining the working frequencies of the plurality of adjustable couplers in sequence by the measurement and control instrument according to the respective determining priorities of the plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip until the measurement and control instrument detects that the working frequencies of all the adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip are determined.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as systems, methods, and apparatuses. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
While the preferred embodiments of the disclosed embodiments have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the disclosed embodiments.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the element. The foregoing has described in detail a frequency acquisition system, method and apparatus provided by the present disclosure, and specific examples have been applied herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present disclosure, the above examples being provided only to assist in understanding the methods of the present disclosure and their core ideas; meanwhile, as one of ordinary skill in the art will have variations in the detailed description and the application scope in light of the ideas of the present disclosure, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the above description.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a frequency acquisition system is applied to superconducting quantum computing device, superconducting quantum computing device includes measurement and control instrument, refrigerator and encapsulation box that encapsulates superconducting quantum chip, its characterized in that includes:
the signal acquisition component is arranged in the packaging box and is used for acquiring frequency signals transmitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the signal acquisition assembly comprises an antenna for acquiring frequency signals and a magnetic flux pinning device for absorbing electromagnetic noise; the magnetic flux pinning device includes a plurality of units of high permeability material disposed around the antenna.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is made of superconducting metallic material and/or the antenna is annular in shape.
4. The system of claim 2, wherein the antenna is disposed directly above the superconducting quantum chip such that a signal acquisition range of the antenna covers a range of the frequency signal radiated by the superconducting quantum chip;
And adjusting the vertical distance between the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip so as to enable the antenna and the superconducting quantum chip to be in critical coupling.
5. A frequency acquisition method applied to the frequency acquisition system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:
collecting frequency signals emitted by an adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip through a signal collecting assembly on the packaging box;
And determining the working frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the signal acquisition component comprises an antenna for acquiring frequency signals; the method further comprises the steps of:
The measurement and control instrument sends a control signal to the packaging box, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of a target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip, and the coupling strength is determined through the minimum gap of the energy level bit curve.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the operating frequencies include an off-state operating frequency and an on-state operating frequency, the off-state operating frequency and the on-state operating frequency being determined as follows:
Controlling the magnetic flux bias of a control line on the target adjustable coupler through the control signal so as to enable the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler to be 0, wherein the control signal is used for controlling the coupling strength of the target adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip;
acquiring an off-state frequency signal generated by the target adjustable coupler under the condition that the coupling strength is 0 through the antenna;
The measurement and control instrument receiving loop receives the off-state frequency signal and determines the off-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler based on the off-state frequency signal;
gradually increasing the magnetic flux bias of the control line on the target adjustable coupler by adjusting the control signal until a preset bias threshold is reached;
acquiring on-state frequency signals of the target adjustable coupler in real time under a plurality of frequency bands generated under the condition that the coupling strength is not 0 through the antenna;
and the measurement and control instrument determines the on-state working frequency of the target adjustable coupler in a plurality of frequency bands based on the on-state frequency signals in the plurality of frequency bands.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises:
under the condition of carrying out off-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out corresponding test on the superconducting quantum chip according to the off-state working frequency;
under the condition of carrying out on-state test on the superconducting quantum chip, the measurement and control instrument carries out corresponding test on each frequency band on the superconducting quantum chip according to the on-state working frequencies under the plurality of frequency bands.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein a plurality of tunable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip have respective determined priorities;
the method further comprises the steps of:
And the measurement and control instrument sequentially determines the working frequencies of the plurality of adjustable couplers according to the respective determination priorities of the plurality of adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip until the measurement and control instrument detects that the working frequencies of all the adjustable couplers on the superconducting quantum chip are determined.
10. A frequency acquisition device, the device comprising:
The collection module is used for collecting frequency signals emitted by the adjustable coupler on the superconducting quantum chip through the signal collection assembly on the packaging box;
and the determining module is used for determining the working frequency of the adjustable coupler according to the frequency signal acquired by the signal acquisition component.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN119229655A (en) * | 2024-11-29 | 2024-12-31 | 江苏长天智远交通科技有限公司 | Traffic state perception and guidance method at intersection based on vehicle-road collaboration |
| CN119849209A (en) * | 2025-03-19 | 2025-04-18 | 山东云海国创云计算装备产业创新中心有限公司 | Magnetic flux pinning laying method, device, equipment and storage medium in quantum territory |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN119229655A (en) * | 2024-11-29 | 2024-12-31 | 江苏长天智远交通科技有限公司 | Traffic state perception and guidance method at intersection based on vehicle-road collaboration |
| CN119849209A (en) * | 2025-03-19 | 2025-04-18 | 山东云海国创云计算装备产业创新中心有限公司 | Magnetic flux pinning laying method, device, equipment and storage medium in quantum territory |
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