CN118562005B - iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法及应用 - Google Patents
iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法及应用。进一步的,本发明提供的特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体能够有效的提高皮肤成纤维细胞诱导生成iPSC的效率;并且所述诱导生成的iPSC具有较好的分化成为血管内皮细胞能力,应用前景较好。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及生物领域,具体的涉及血管内皮细胞的制备方法,更具体的涉及iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法及应用。
背景技术
血管的主要功能是将氧气和营养物质输送到身体中的各个组织,并将组织中的废物运送到肾脏、肝脏和肠道进行新陈代谢。内皮细胞排列在与血液接触的血管内壁,维持血管完整性。内皮功能障碍与动脉粥样硬化、冠状动脉疾病、高血压、糖尿病、充血性心力衰竭等多种疾病类型相关。健康的功能性内皮细胞在受损组织修复和再生中的关键作用是再生医学的一个焦点。
目前,内皮细胞可以从脂肪组织、血液中分离得到或通过诱导多能干细胞分化获得。体内分离的内皮细胞的局限性在于细胞衰老前分裂的次数有限,且难以获得组织特异性内皮细胞,获取的内皮细胞数量和质量有限。相比之下,多能干细胞具有多向分化潜能,并在几十次传代过程中保持增殖能力。多能干细胞通过定向诱导产生的内皮细胞成为了一种替代的、可再生的细胞来源。多能干细胞包括胚胎干细胞(ESCs)和诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC),目前已逐步建立了多种内皮细胞高效分化技术,分化效率声称可达到70%以上,但是实际操作中存在各种困难,一般分化效率不超过50%。分化的内皮细胞在移植到小鼠缺血性疾病模型后表现出血运重建能力,这证实了多能干细胞来源的内皮细胞在再生医学研究中的价值。
早期将多能干细胞分化为内皮细胞的方法包括与基质细胞(通常是小鼠骨髓来源的基质细胞系,如OP9)共培养或通过形成拟胚体进而分化成内皮细胞。这两种分化方法重现早期胚胎发育过程,但分化效率往往较低,且内皮细胞与其他细胞类型混合。目前的分化策略主要通过在单层培养的干细胞中添加小分子活性物质,诱导干细胞向内皮细胞命运转变。使用这种策略的大多数方案可分为中胚层分化阶段和内皮细胞分化阶段。在第一阶段中,操纵PSCs向中胚层分化的信号是这些单层分化系统的共同点,常用激活素A和BMP4等生长因子。在第二阶段中,bFGF和VEGF是最常用的生长因子。GSK-3抑制剂,如CHIR99021也常添加到培养基中以调控Wnt信号通路,该通路促进中胚层向内皮谱系分化。抑制TGF-β信号通路对于中胚层细胞的内皮谱系特化和内皮细胞的维持(避免内皮细胞向间充质细胞转化)至关重要。因此,TGF-β信号通路的抑制剂SB431542也经常被纳入分化方案。为了进一步提高内皮细胞的分化效率,研究人员对内皮分化过程中的关键转录因子进行了筛选。如Elcheva等进行了全面筛选,发现了27个与中胚层和血管祖细胞形成有关的基因。其中,ETV2在直接诱导内皮细胞命运中发挥重要作用。ETV2是心脏、内皮和造血谱系发育的重要转录因子,通过RNA转染或基因编辑手段过表达ETV2能有效诱导干细胞分化为内皮细胞。
有效获得血管内皮细胞的关键是有充足的诱导干细胞。2007年,日本和美国的科学家报道了可将KLF4、OCT4、SOX2和C-MYC四种转录因子导入人的成纤维细胞,使其逆分化成具有胚胎干细胞特性的细胞,并将其命名为诱导性多能干细胞(iPSC)。在这篇发表在《Cell》杂志上的文章中,研究者选取了与胚胎干细胞信号转导相关的24个基因作为候选基因,感染人成纤维细胞,并进行基因组整合,分别以细胞形态学特点、胚胎干细胞关键基因表达,及畸胎瘤的形成等方面特点作为iPSC的鉴定指标。最终确定了Oct4、Sox2、Klf4和c-Myc这四个转录因子,即可由正常体细胞转化成多能干细胞。这种基因诱导而产生的多能干细胞称iPSC细胞。这种直接从已分化的细胞得到干细胞为胚胎干细胞领域甚至整个生命科学领域都带来了概念性的革新。我们可以病人的体细胞为来源得到病人特异的iPSC细胞,这种iPSC细胞又可以分化为血管内皮细胞,用于疾病治疗。这样的应用方式可以避免免疫相容性和伦理问题。自此,iPSC细胞的诱导技术的出现也引起了人们对其生物医学应用的极大关注。但是目前iPSC细胞的应用仍面临着的问题是较低的诱导效率。
转化生长因子β-1(TGF-β1)是一种细胞因子,参与多种不同器官的疾病进程,如肾脏、肝脏、肺、皮肤、心脏或血管。经典的TGF-β1信号通路需要与TGF-βⅡ型受体(TβRII)结合,随后招募具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性的TGF-βⅠ型受体(TβRI),它磷酸化成为Smads蛋白,Smads作为转录因子进入细胞核激活或抑制特定基因的表达。在不同的TβRI中,起主要作用的是激活素受体样激酶1和激活素受体样激酶5(ALK5)。研究发现,在制备iPSC过程中,I型转化生长因子受体(ALK5)抑制剂能高效产生诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)。但是目前,有效的ALK5抑制剂种类不多,特别是对iPSC细胞无毒性的抑制剂种类还不够多。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法。
进一步的,本发明还提供了一种高效制备iPSC细胞的方法,所述的方法包括使用I型转化生长因子受体(ALK5)抑制剂。
进一步的,所述的I型转化生长因子受体(ALK5)抑制剂是特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体。
具体的,所述的特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体的轻链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,重链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
进一步的,本发明提供了一种采用成纤维细胞诱导iPSC细胞的方法,所述的方法包括HS27皮肤成纤维细胞使用转染质粒pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F、pCXLE-hSK、pCXLE-hUL和pCXWB-EBNA1核转,细胞首先接种到铺有明胶的6孔板,以人成纤维细胞完全培养基(其中添加终浓度为50μg/mL的单克隆抗体ALK5-G2)培养6d,随后转移到小鼠成纤维细胞(MEF)饲养层,以人胚胎干细胞培养基(其中添加终浓度为50μg/mL的单克隆抗体ALK5-G2)培养,直到iPSC克隆出现。用玻璃针收集iPSC克隆并接种到铺有Matrigel胶的6孔板,以mTeSR1培养基进行扩增。每3d使用TrypLETMExpress酶(1X)消化分离iPSC,并按1:3进行传代。
进一步的,本发明还提供了iPSC细胞诱导分化血管内皮细胞的方法,包括取人诱导多能干细胞以1.0×105/孔数量接种于基质胶预处理的12孔板(1:30稀释比例),培养基为BIOCISO(含10μmol/LY27632和10μmol/LCHIR99021),培养24h;24h后开始分别分化:以100μg/L激活素A作用1d,基础培养基为RPMI/1640(含1×B27-和100倍稀释的基质胶);更换含1umol/LCHIR99021和5μg/L骨形态发生蛋白4的RPMI/1640培养基(含1×B27-),作用1d。更换含300μg/L血管内皮生长因子、10μg/L骨形态发生蛋白4和54g/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的StmePro-34SFM培养基(含0.4μmol/L硫代甘油、2mmol/LL-谷氨酰胺和50mg/L抗坏血酸),作用3d。使用细胞消化液(0.25%Trypsin/0.02%EDTA)消化后以1:3比例接种到0.1%明胶包被的孔板中,培养基为含20μg/L血管内皮生长因子、20μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和1μmol/LCHIR99021的EGM,每2d更换培养基1次,培养至距开始分化15d收获分化后的细胞,即为血管内皮细胞。
近一步的,本发明还提供了特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体在提高皮肤成纤维细胞诱导生成iPSC效率中的用途;所述的ALK5的单克隆抗体的轻链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,重链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种创新的iPSC诱导分化血管内皮细胞方法及应用。进一步的,本发明提供的特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体能够有效的提高皮肤成纤维细胞诱导生成iPSC的效率;并且所述诱导生成的iPSC具有较好的分化成为血管内皮细胞能力,应用前景较好。
附图说明
图1单克隆抗体ALK5-G2特异性鉴定结果图
图2Western bolt检测细胞内ALK5蛋白的表达情况结果图
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的具体实施例。虽然附图中显示了本发明的具体实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本发明,并且能够将本发明的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
实施例1ALK5的单克隆抗体的制备
选取4-6周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠,用80μg ALK5重组蛋白(CB414141087,TargetMol中国)与等体积弗氏佐剂充分混合后腹腔内注射免疫,间隔14d免疫1次,共免疫3次(其中第1次用弗氏完全佐剂,第2次和第3次用弗氏不完全佐剂)。末次免疫2周后,采集小鼠血清,使用间接ELISA检测免疫小鼠的血清效价。以P≥0.2且P/N≥2.1时,最小P值所对应的血清稀释倍数作为血清效价,其中P和N分别为阳性和阴性血清孔D450值。其中2号小鼠血清效价高达1∶128000。因此,选择3号小鼠进行细胞融合及杂交瘤细胞筛选。选择血清效价最高的小鼠以80μg(0.1mL)ALK5重组蛋白腹腔注射加强免疫,3d后进行细胞融合。以4-6周龄BALB/c小鼠脾细胞为饲养细胞,取对数生长期SP2/0细胞(1×107)与免疫后的BALB/c小鼠脾细胞(1×108)在50%PEG1500作用下融合,细胞加入96孔板,在37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养。待细胞集落生长至1/3孔时收集培养上清,以ALK5重组蛋白为包被抗原,利用间接ELISA法进行检测,筛选分泌特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。选择吸光度(D450)值较高孔的13株融合细胞,按有限稀释法连续亚克隆3代,获得1株能稳定分泌mAb的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为ALK5-G2。
克隆化生长后阳性率达100%的细胞扩大培养后于液氮中保存。
选用已经适应性饲养1周的8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠6只,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.5mL降植烷进行预处理,10d后腹腔内接种杂交瘤细胞ALK5-G25×105/只。观察小鼠腹部膨胀情况,待腹部膨胀至影响行动时,采集腹水,10000r/min离心10min,去除脂肪组织和沉淀,吸取上清至新的离心管中。按照辛酸-硫酸铵法从腹水中纯化单克隆抗体ALK5-G2,经SDS-PAGE检测纯度较好,采用BCA法测定单克隆抗体质量浓度为2.5mg/mL,分装后于-80℃冰箱保存备用。
实施例2单克隆抗体ALK5-G2特异性鉴定
利用Westernblot鉴定单克隆抗体ALK5-G2与ALK5重组蛋白、小鼠血清的结合,选择15%PAGE凝胶在120V电压条件下进行电泳,结束后用全湿式转膜110V电压100min转至PVDF膜;转印后的PVDF膜用1%BSA室温封闭2h,以TBST稀释的mAb作为一抗,室温孵育1h,之后用TBST洗膜3次;使用辣根过氧化物酶标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG(H+L)作为二抗,1∶5000稀释后室温孵育1h,之后用TBST洗膜3次;避光条件下加入显色液孵育15min,进行显影观察。结果如图1所示。
结果显示,单克隆抗体ALK5-G2能与ALK5重组蛋白反应,不与小鼠血清发生反应,表明了单抗具有较好的特异性。
实施例3单克隆抗体ALK5-G2亲和力检测
采用ForteBio技术检测人源化抗体的亲和力,结合传感器选用FAB2G。固定抗体的质量浓度为10μg/mL,ALK5-His蛋白稀释为200、100、50、25、12.5和6.25nmol/L,作为分析物,进行亲和力检测。采用BlitzPro1.2软件进行数据分析,得结合速率常数(Kon)、解离速率常数(Koff)和KD。如表1所示。
表1抗体的亲和力
从表1可以看出,单克隆抗体ALK5-G2的亲和力均较高,KD值为1.58×10-9mol/L。
实施例3:单克隆抗体单克隆抗体ALK5-G2可变区测序
根据抗体基因的恒定区序列合成以下引物:
A:5′-GGGGATATCCACCATGRACTTCGGGYTGAGCTKGGTTTT-3′
B:5′-GACHGATGGGGSTGTYGTGCTAGCTGNRGAGACDGTGA-3′
C:5′-GGGGATATCCACCATGGAGACAGACACACTCCTGCTAT-3′
D:5′-GGATACAGTTGGTGCAGTCGACTTACGTTTKATTTCCARCTT-3′
TrizolReagent试剂分别提取5×106杂交瘤细胞ALK5-G2的总RNA,将总RNA逆转录成cDNA。用A和B为引物进行PCR扩增单克隆抗体重链可变区,用C和D为引物进行PCR扩增单克隆抗体轻链可变区,PCR反应均采用热启动,反应条件:94℃5分钟;94℃45秒,60℃45秒,72℃1分10秒,30个循环;72℃7分钟。PCR产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后回收纯化目的片段。克隆到pGEM-T(Promega)载体中,转化大肠杆菌TGl细胞后在IPTGIX-gal平板上进行筛选,取白色菌斑接种于含有氨韦青霉素的LB液体培养基中扩增。筛选阳性克隆,用QIAGEN的质粒抽提试剂盒抽提质粒并进行测序,确定了单克隆抗体ALK5-G2的轻链和重链可变区序列分别如SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2所示。
实施例4:单克隆抗体ALK5-G2在制备iPSC细胞中的功效验证
对照组:
质粒pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F(plasmid#27077),pCXLE-hSK(plasmin#27078)、pCXLE-hUL(plasmid#27080)和pCXWB-EBNAl(plasmin#37624)Addgene公)(https://www.addgene.org/)。电转染使用Amaxa Basic Nucleofector试剂盒,以T-020程序(250V,10ms,1,0.4mm cuvette)进行。转染中每处理1x106HS27皮肤成纤维细胞(货号XY-XB-2473,ScienCell细胞)使用转染质粒pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F、pCXLE-hSK、pCXLE-hUL和pCXWB-EBNA1各1μg。核转后的细胞首先接种到铺有明胶的6孔板,以人成纤维细胞完全培养基培养6d,随后转移到小鼠成纤维细胞(MEF)饲养层,以人胚胎干细胞培养基培养,直到iPSC克隆出现。用玻璃针收集iPSC克隆并接种到铺有Matrigel胶的6孔板,以mTeSR1培养基进行扩增。每3d使用TrypLETMExpress酶(1X)消化分离iPSC,并按1:3进行传代。
实验组:
质粒pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F(plasmid#27077),pCXLE-hSK(plasmin#27078)、pCXLE-hUL(plasmid#27080)和pCXWB-EBNAl(plasmin#37624)Addgene公)(https://www.addgene.org/)。电转染使用Amaxa Basic Nucleofector试剂盒,以T-020程序(250V,10ms,1,0.4mm cuvette)进行。转染中每处理1x106HS27皮肤成纤维细胞(货号XY-XB-2473,ScienCell细胞)使用转染质粒pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F、pCXLE-hSK、pCXLE-hUL和pCXWB-EBNA1各1μg。核转后的细胞首先接种到铺有明胶的6孔板,以人成纤维细胞完全培养基(其中添加终浓度为50μg/mL的单克隆抗体ALK5-G2)培养6d,随后转移到小鼠成纤维细胞(MEF)饲养层,以人胚胎干细胞培养基(其中添加终浓度为50μg/mL的单克隆抗体ALK5-G2)培养,直到iPSC克隆出现。用玻璃针收集iPSC克隆并接种到铺有Matrigel胶的6孔板,以mTeSR1培养基进行扩增。每3d使用TrypLE TMExpress酶(1X)消化分离iPSC,并按1:3进行传代。
将实验组刚出现的iPSC克隆与等量的未转染的HS27皮肤成纤维细胞进行Westernbolt检测细胞内ALK5蛋白的表达情况,结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出,iPSC克隆中的ALK5蛋白表达被显著的抑制。
使用Molecular ProbesTM人多能干细胞(PSC)活细胞成像试剂盒对上述2种方法制备得到的第12代iPSC细胞进行鉴定,在倒置荧光显微镜下观察阳性克隆的占比情况。结果如表2所示。
表2各组阳性克隆占比
组别 | 阳性克隆占比 |
对照组 | 12.53±0.21 |
实验组 | 43.89±0.42* |
从表2的结果可以看出,采用单克隆抗体ALK5-G2处理的转染后的细胞获得的iPSC阳性细胞的比率显著的提高,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。
将二组制备获得的iPSC阳性细胞收集后进一步检测发现诱导多能干细胞增殖标记物Ki67特异表达且强阳性定位在细胞核中。进一步的证明制备获得了iPSC阳性细胞。
实施例5iPSC细胞分化为血管内皮细胞
取实施例4收集的2种人诱导多能干细胞(第30代)分别以1.0×105/孔数量接种于基质胶预处理的12孔板(1:30稀释比例),培养基为BIOCISO(含10μmol/LY27632和10μmol/LCHIR99021),培养24h;24h后开始分别分化:以100μg/L激活素A作用1d,基础培养基为RPMI/1640(含1×B27-和100倍稀释的基质胶);更换含1umol/LCHIR99021和5μg/L骨形态发生蛋白4的RPMI/1640培养基(含1×B27-),作用1d。更换含300μg/L血管内皮生长因子、10μg/L骨形态发生蛋白4和54g/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的StmePro-34SFM培养基(含0.4μmol/L硫代甘油、2mmol/LL-谷氨酰胺和50mg/L抗坏血酸),作用3d。使用细胞消化液(0.25%Trypsin/0.02%EDTA)消化后以1:3比例接种到0.1%明胶包被的孔板中,培养基为含20μg/L血管内皮生长因子、20μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和1μmol/LCHIR99021的EGM,每2d更换培养基1次,培养至距开始分化15d收获分化后的细胞,即为血管内皮细胞。
采用免疫荧光检测内皮细胞标记物的表达情况。将诱导获得的血管内皮细胞固定:40g/L多聚甲醛固定细胞,室温作用10min,DPBS洗脱3次,每次5min;封闭打孔:加入打孔封闭液(1xPBS/5%BSA/0.3%Tritonx-100),室温30min;一抗孵育:加入一抗免抗人VE-Cadherin单克隆抗体(1:400)、小鼠抗人CD31单克隆抗体(1:200),4℃孵育过夜;二抗孵育:DPBS洗脱3次,每次5min,加入二抗,室温避光1h;封固成像:使用含DAPI抗淬灭剂复染封固,共聚焦荧光显微镜观察拍照。结果显示二组诱导分化的血管内皮细胞均高表达VE-Cadherin和CD31这两个内皮细胞膜特异性标记物并且定位在细胞膜上,说明成功诱导分化获得了内皮细胞。
成环实验检测内皮细胞体外血管形成能力:将低生长因子基质胶原液加入预冷的24孔板中,350μL/孔,室温1h等待基质胶凝固;使用细胞消化液(0.25%Trypsin/0.02%EDTA)将前述诱导分化制备的内皮细胞消化成单细胞状态,进行细胞计数并重悬细胞接种到上述孔板中,细胞接种数量50000个/cm2,培养基为含200μg/L质量浓度血管内皮生长因子的EGM培养基。12h后明场显微镜下观察并拍照,结果显示,实验组制备的iPSC细胞分化为血管内皮细胞具有更好的血管成环能力,与对照组相比成环能力提高(25.46±0.21)%,表明实验组的iPSC细胞具有更好的细胞活性。
尽管以上结合附图对本发明的实施方案进行了描述,但本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方案和应用领域,上述的具体实施方案仅仅是示意性的、指导性的,而不是限制性的。本领域的普通技术人员在本说明书的启示下和在不脱离本发明权利要求所保护的范围的情况下,还可以做出很多种的形式,这些均属于本发明保护之列。
Claims (3)
1.一种特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体,其特征在于所述单克隆抗体的轻链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,重链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
2.特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体在提高皮肤成纤维细胞体外诱导生成iPSCs效率中的用途;所述的特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体的轻链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,重链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3.一种iPSC细胞诱导分化为血管内皮细胞的方法,其特征在于将人皮肤成纤维细胞转染转录因子后在添加特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体的培养基中培养后获得iPSC细胞;将所述的iPSC细胞经常规的诱导方法诱导获得血管内皮细胞,所述的特异性针对ALK5的单克隆抗体的轻链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,重链可变区序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
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