CN118559186B - Friction stir welding method and welding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The application discloses a friction stir welding method and welding equipment. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a composite frame, a metal backboard and a metal ring, wherein the composite frame comprises a first metal layer and a second metal layer; assembling the composite frame and the metal backboard into a whole, wherein the metal backboard is adjacent to the second metal layer; covering the metal ring on the composite frame to form a workpiece to be welded; placing a workpiece to be welded in the central area of the placing plate, and controlling a plurality of clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpiece to be welded in multiple sides; and carrying out friction stir welding on the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal backboard through a welding tool so as to form the composite board. According to the application, the workpiece to be welded formed by the composite frame, the metal back plate and the metal ring is accurately and synchronously clamped from multiple sides, and the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate are subjected to friction stir welding to realize the friction stir welding of the narrow-edge large-shaft shoulder, and the metal ring, the metal back plate and the composite frame are in butt joint during friction stir welding, so that high-strength connection is realized, and the strength of the composite plate is improved.

Description

Friction stir welding method and welding equipment

Technical Field

The present application relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, and in particular to a friction stir welding method and welding equipment.

Background Art

Composite plates such as aluminum-titanium composite plates, aluminum-steel composite plates or aluminum-copper composite plates have the advantages of corrosion resistance, light weight, high strength, long service life and economy, and are widely used. Due to the manufacturing process, the thickness of such composite plates is limited. In order to increase the thickness of the composite plates, aluminum plates can be welded on the aluminum alloy side of the composite plates. Generally, in order to reduce costs, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the aluminum alloy in the composite plate as much as possible. However, if the thickness of the aluminum alloy is too small, during the friction stir welding process between the aluminum alloy and the aluminum plate, the shoulder of the stirring head is easy to contact the hard metal in the composite plate (such as the titanium alloy of the titanium-aluminum composite plate), causing damage to the welding tool. If the welding tool uses a small shoulder to avoid contact between the shoulder and the hard metal, it is easy to cause insufficient heat generation of the material, which is easy to cause welding defects and result in low weld connection strength.

In addition, the composite plate needs to be clamped to maintain stability during processing, and the back plate needs to be clamped with the aluminum alloy frame and the titanium alloy frame before welding. For clamping molds, the most commonly used is the inclined guide column core pulling structure, which is mostly clamped on both sides and has a relatively fixed application scenario.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide a friction stir welding method and a welding device.

The embodiment of the present application provides a stir friction welding method based on a clamping welding device. The clamping welding device includes a placement plate and a plurality of clamping components, the central area of the placement plate is used to place the workpiece to be welded, the placement plate is fixedly arranged on the plurality of clamping components, and the placement plate and the plurality of clamping components surround the central area to form the central area; the stir friction welding method is used to form a composite plate. The stir friction welding method includes: obtaining a composite frame, a metal back plate and a metal ring, the composite frame includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer; assembling the composite frame and the metal back plate into one, the metal back plate is adjacent to the second metal layer; covering the metal ring on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded; placing the workpiece to be welded in the central area of the placement plate; controlling the plurality of clamping components to clamp the workpiece to be welded synchronously on multiple sides; and stir friction welding the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate by a welding tool to form the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the metal ring includes multiple pieces, and the step of covering the metal ring on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded includes: covering the multiple metal rings on two opposite sides of the composite frame respectively.

In some embodiments, the plurality of clamping assemblies include four, with every two of the clamping assemblies being arranged opposite to each other, and controlling the plurality of clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpieces to be welded in a multilateral manner includes: controlling the four clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpieces to be welded in a multilateral manner.

In some embodiments, the clamping welding device also includes a driving mechanism, the clamping assembly includes a clamping mechanism, and controlling the multiple clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpiece to be welded includes: controlling the driving mechanism to drive the clamping mechanism to move toward the center area to synchronously clamp the workpiece to be welded.

In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism includes a movable plate, a wedge block, a first guide column and a slider, the movable plate is connected to the driving mechanism, the wedge block is placed on the movable plate, the first guide column is obliquely inserted into the movable plate, the first guide column is inclined and arranged to diffuse outward with the central area as the center, the wedge block has a first inclined surface facing the central area, the slider has a second inclined surface opposite to the first inclined surface, and the slider includes a clamping surface on the opposite side of the second inclined surface; the control of multiple clamping assemblies to clamp the workpiece to be welded synchronously on multiple sides includes: controlling the driving mechanism to drive the wedge block and the first guide column to move up and down together, so that the first guide column drives the slider to move in a horizontal direction when it moves up and down, and when the wedge block moves up and down, the first inclined surface contacts the second inclined surface, and the clamping surface contacts the outer wall of the composite frame and the side wall of the metal ring to clamp the workpiece to be welded.

In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism also includes a pressure rod and a hinge pin, wherein the pressure rod is arranged above the wedge block, and the hinge pin is located at one end of the pressure rod close to the center area, and the hinge pin is rotatably connected to the pressure rod. When the wedge block rises, the wedge block applies a force to the tail of the pressure rod, causing the pressure rod to rotate around the hinge pin, thereby synchronously pressing the workpiece to be welded through the pressure rod.

In some embodiments, the clamping mechanism further includes second guide posts and a base plate, the placement plate is mounted on a plurality of the second guide posts, and a plurality of the second guide posts are mounted on the base plate.

In some embodiments, the stir friction welding of the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate by the welding tool to form the composite plate includes: stir friction welding the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate by the welding tool using a single-sided stir friction welding process to form the composite plate; or stir friction welding the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate by the welding tool using a double-sided stir friction welding process to form the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the stir friction welding of the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate by the welding tool to form the composite plate includes: taking at least one splicing interface as a main welding interface, and taking the splicing interface connected to the main welding interface and located on the side of the main welding interface as a secondary welding interface; controlling the welding tool to weld along the main welding interface and at least partially deviate from the main welding interface to offset the welding to the secondary welding interface to form the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the portion of the welding tool welded along the main welding interface forms a stable path, and the portion of the welding tool that deviates from the main welding interface and is welded toward the secondary welding interface forms a deviated path, and the deviated path includes an arc path, an annular path, or a combination of one or more of the arc path, the annular path, and a straight path.

In some embodiments, the clamping welding device also includes a water-cooling plate, which is arranged above the placement plate. The stir friction welding method includes: when the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate are stir-friction welded by a welding tool to form the composite plate, the flow of water in the water-cooling plate is controlled to cool the workpiece to be welded.

The embodiment of the present application also provides a welding device. The welding device is used to form a composite plate. The welding device includes a clamping welding device, which includes a placement plate and a plurality of clamping components. The central area of the placement plate is used to place the workpiece to be welded. The placement plate is fixedly arranged on the plurality of clamping components. The placement plate and the plurality of clamping components surround the central area. The welding device includes: an acquisition module, an installation module, a fixing module, a placement module and a control module. The acquisition module is used to acquire a composite frame, a metal back plate and a metal ring. The composite frame includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The installation module is used to assemble the composite frame and the metal back plate into one body. The metal back plate is adjacent to the second metal layer. The fixing module is used to cover the metal ring on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded. The placement module is used to place the workpiece to be welded in the central area of the placement plate. The control module is used to control the plurality of clamping components to clamp the workpiece to be welded synchronously on multiple sides, and is used to stir friction weld the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate through a welding tool to form the composite plate.

In the friction stir welding method and welding equipment of the embodiment of the present application, after the metal ring cover is fixed on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded, the clamping welding device can be controlled to clamp the workpiece to be welded more accurately and synchronously from multiple sides. When the welding tool performs friction stir welding on the metal ring, the metal back plate and the second metal layer of the composite frame, the metal ring can prevent the shoulder of the welding tool from directly contacting the first metal layer of the composite frame, thereby avoiding the first metal layer from wearing the shoulder of the welding tool, and the thickness of the second metal layer can be reduced to achieve narrow margin and large shoulder friction stir welding and save costs. In addition, the setting of the metal ring makes the metal ring, the metal back plate and the composite frame overlap during friction stir welding, which increases the connection area, thereby achieving high-strength connection and improving the strength of the composite plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a friction stir welding method according to some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a welding device according to some embodiments of the present application;

3-5 are schematic diagrams of scenes of the welding process of the friction stir welding method according to certain embodiments of the present application;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a clamping welding device according to some embodiments of the present application;

FIG7 is a second structural schematic diagram of a clamping welding device according to certain embodiments of the present application;

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a single-sided welding scenario according to certain embodiments of the present application;

9-10 are schematic diagrams of double-sided welding scenarios according to certain embodiments of the present application;

Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line A-A in Fig. 7;

Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line B-B in Fig. 7;

Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line C-C in Fig. 7;

Fig. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line D-D in Fig. 7;

FIG15 is a second schematic flow diagram of a friction stir welding method according to certain embodiments of the present application;

FIG16 is a third schematic flow chart of a friction stir welding method according to certain embodiments of the present application;

17-19 are schematic diagrams of welding scenes of the friction stir welding method according to certain embodiments of the present application.

Description of the main figures

Welding equipment 1000;

Composite frame 1, first metal layer 11, second metal layer 12, metal back plate 2, metal ring 3;

Clamping welding device 100; acquisition module 110, installation module 120, fixing module 130, placement module 140, control module 150, auxiliary module 160;

Placement plate 10, central area 101, clamping assembly 20, movable plate 211, limiting groove 2111, guide post block 2112, wedge block 212, first inclined surface 2121, first guide post 213, slider 214, second inclined surface 2141, clamping surface 2142, cushion block 2143, pressure rod 215, pressure rod tail 2151, hinge pin 216, pressure rod return spring 217, spring stopper 218, second guide post 2191, bottom plate 2192, guide post mounting seat 2193, guide sleeve 2194; workpiece to be welded 30; welding tool 40, stirring needle 41, shaft shoulder 42; driving mechanism 50; splicing interface 60, main welding interface 61, secondary welding interface 62; welding path 70, stable path 71, deviation path 72.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3-7 , an embodiment of the present application provides a friction stir welding method based on a clamping welding device 100 , wherein the clamping welding device 100 comprises a placement plate 10 and a plurality of clamping assemblies 20 , wherein a central area 101 of the placement plate 10 is used to place a workpiece 30 to be welded, and the placement plate 10 is fixedly disposed on the plurality of clamping assemblies 20 , and the placement plate 10 and the plurality of clamping assemblies 20 surround and form a central area 101 ; the friction stir welding method is used to form a composite plate, and the friction stir welding method comprises:

01: Get a composite frame 1, a metal back plate 2 and a metal ring 3, where the composite frame 1 includes a first metal layer 11 and a second metal layer 12;

02: Assemble the composite frame 1 and the metal back plate 2 into one, and the metal back plate 2 is adjacent to the second metal layer 12;

03: Cover the metal ring 3 on the composite frame 1 to form a workpiece 30 to be welded;

04: Place the workpiece 30 to be welded in the central area 101 of the placement plate 10;

05: Control multiple clamping assemblies 20 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded synchronously on multiple sides;

06: The metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 are subjected to friction stir welding by a welding tool 40 to form a composite plate.

Please refer to FIG. 2 . This embodiment further provides a welding device 1000 . The welding device 1000 is used to form a composite board. The welding device 1000 includes an acquisition module 110 , a mounting module 120 , a fixing module 130 , a placement module 140 , and a control module 150 .

Step 01 can be implemented by the acquisition module 110, step 02 can be implemented by the installation module 120, step 03 can be implemented by the fixing module 130, step 04 can be implemented by the placement module 140, and steps 05 and 06 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is, the acquisition module 110 is used to acquire the composite frame 1, the metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3, and the composite frame 1 includes a first metal layer 11 and a second metal layer 12. The installation module 120 is used to assemble the composite frame 1 and the metal back plate 2 into one, and the metal back plate 2 is adjacent to the second metal layer 12; the fixing module 130 is used to cover the metal ring 3 on the composite frame 1 to form a workpiece 30 to be welded; the placement module 140 is used to place the workpiece 30 to be welded in the central area 101 of the placement plate 10; the control module 150 is used to control multiple clamping assemblies 20 to clamp the composite frame 1, the metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3 on multiple sides synchronously, and to stir friction welding the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 through a welding tool 40 to form a composite plate.

Specifically, in the clamping welding device 100 of the present application, the placement plate 10 and the corresponding positions of the clamping assembly 20 are provided with through holes, and the placement plate 10 can be fixedly set on multiple clamping assemblies 20 by screws passing through the through holes, or fixedly set on multiple clamping assemblies 20 by other means, without limitation here. It should be noted that the clamping welding device 100 of the present application can be electrically connected to the placement module 140, so that the workpiece 30 to be welded can be automatically placed on the clamping welding device 100 through the placement module 140, without the need for manual placement by the user, which is convenient and fast, and improves the user experience. For example, the placement module 140 can be provided with a gripper, which automatically grabs the workpiece 30 to be welded and places it on the clamping welding device 100, which is convenient and fast.

The number of the plurality of clamping assemblies 20 may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11, which is not limited here. In other words, the present application sets the number of clamping assemblies 20 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded by different numbers of clamping surfaces, and is thus applicable to different assembly and welding scenarios. In other words, the number of clamping assemblies 20 of the present application can be increased or decreased according to different assembly or welding scenarios, and can be applicable to the assembly and welding of multiple scattered workpieces, and can be applicable to a variety of assembly and welding scenarios.

When controlling multiple clamping assemblies 20 to synchronously clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded on multiple sides, the present application can also set a control button component A on the clamping welding device 100, as shown in Figure 6. The user can realize automatic clamping control of the workpiece 30 to be welded by pressing the corresponding button on the control button component A area of the clamping welding device 100.

In the friction stir welding method and welding device 1000 of the present application, after the metal ring 3 is covered on the composite frame 1 and fixed to form the workpiece 30 to be welded, the clamping welding device 100 can be controlled to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded more accurately and synchronously from multiple sides. When the welding tool 40 performs friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the metal back plate 2 and the second metal layer 12 of the composite frame 1, the metal ring 3 can prevent the shoulder 42 of the welding tool 40 from directly contacting the first metal layer 11 of the composite frame 1, thereby preventing the first metal layer 11 from wearing the shoulder 42 of the welding tool 40, and the thickness of the second metal layer 12 of the composite frame 1 can be reduced, and the friction stir welding with narrow margin and large shoulder can be realized to save costs. In addition, the setting of the metal ring 3 makes the metal ring 3, the metal back plate 2 and the composite frame 1 overlap during friction stir welding, which increases the connection area, thereby achieving high-strength connection and improving the strength of the composite plate.

Please refer to Figures 3-5. Specifically, the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 can both be metal alloys, and the hardness of the first metal layer 11 is greater than the hardness of the second metal layer 12. The second metal layer 12 is used to achieve welding with the metal back plate 2. The first metal layer 11 can be a titanium alloy, a copper alloy, stainless steel, etc., and the second metal layer 12 can be an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy, etc. The specific materials of the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 are not limited. In this embodiment, the first metal layer 11 can be a titanium alloy and the second metal layer 12 can be an aluminum alloy.

The composite frame 1 is square, and the composite frame 1 can be formed by bending a metal composite plate including a first metal layer 11 and a second metal layer 12, or can be formed by splicing two or more metal composite plates including a first metal layer 11 and a second metal layer 12. The first metal layer 11 of the composite frame 1 constitutes the outer wall of the composite frame 1, and the second metal layer 12 constitutes the inner wall of the composite frame 1.

The metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3 are made of the same or approximately the same material as the second metal layer 12. For example, if the second metal layer 12 is an aluminum alloy, the metal back plate 2 can be an aluminum plate, and the metal ring 3 can be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. In this way, the second metal layer 12, the metal back plate 2, and the metal ring 3 can be stir-friction welded by the welding tool 40 to form a composite plate together.

The metal ring 3 has a substantially identical shape to the composite frame 1, and the metal ring 3 may be formed by bending a metal plate, or by splicing two or more metal plates. The metal back plate 2 has a substantially identical shape to the second metal layer 12, and the metal back plate 2 may be formed by a single metal back plate 2, or by splicing two or more metal back plates 2.

Before performing friction stir welding, the composite frame 1 and the metal back plate 2 may be assembled into one body, and then the metal ring 3 may be covered on the composite frame 1 to form a workpiece 30 to be welded.

Afterwards, the workpiece 30 to be welded is placed in the central area 101 of the placement plate 10 , and the multiple clamping assemblies 20 are controlled to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded synchronously.

In detail, the workpiece 30 to be welded can be clamped and pressed on the clamping welding device 100. The clamping state of the clamping welding device 100 is that the clamping component 20 synchronously clamps the first metal layer 11 and the metal ring 3 of the composite frame 1. Further, it is presented as clamping multiple outer walls of the composite frame 1 and multiple outer peripheral walls of the metal ring 3. The metal back plate 2 is located inside the composite frame 1 and is adjacent to the second metal layer 12.

The height of the metal back plate 2 is greater than or equal to the height of the composite frame 1, and the height difference between the metal back plate 2 and the composite frame 1 can range from 0 to 120 mm. For example, the height difference between the metal back plate 2 and the composite frame 1 can be 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 80 mm, 100 mm or 120 mm, etc.

In other embodiments of the present application, after the clamping welding device 100 clamps the composite frame 1 , the metal ring 3 may be covered on the composite frame 1 , thereby covering the first metal layer 11 and the second metal layer 12 .

Further, the height of the metal ring 3 can range from 0.1 to 80 mm, for example, the height of the metal ring 3 can be 0.1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 65 mm, 80 mm, etc. The first distance between the inner wall of the metal ring 3 and the inner wall of the composite frame 1 ranges from 0 to 100 mm, for example, the distance from the inner wall of the metal ring 3 to the inner wall of the composite frame 1 can be 0 mm, 1 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 80 mm or 100 mm, etc. The second distance range between the outer wall of the metal ring 3 and the outer wall of the composite frame 1 is 0-90 mm. For example, the distance from the outer wall of the metal ring 3 to the outer wall of the composite frame 1 can be 0 mm, 1 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm or 90 mm, etc. It can be understood that it is only necessary to ensure that the shoulder 42 of the welding tool 40 can avoid friction with the first metal layer 11 during stir friction welding, and the specific distance from the outer wall of the metal ring 3 to the outer wall of the composite frame 1 is not limited.

In some embodiments, when the metal back plate 2 is located inside the composite frame 1, the metal back plate 2 can partially protrude from the composite frame 1, so that when the metal ring 3 is covered on the composite frame 1, the metal ring 3 can be flush with the metal back plate 2. In this way, when stir friction welding is subsequently performed by the welding tool 40, the welding position is not suspended, thereby improving the welding quality.

The welding tool 40 may include a stirring pin 41 and a shoulder 42, the stirring pin 41 extends from the shoulder 42, and during the process of the welding tool 40 performing stir friction welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2, the welding tool 40 rotates and extends into the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 through the stirring pin 41 to stir and rub, so that the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 reach a thermoplastic state, and then the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 can be welded together. Furthermore, the metal ring 3 can be partially removed by a milling process to form a composite plate containing only the composite frame 1 and the metal back plate 2.

In some embodiments, the type of the welding tool 40 can be a static shoulder. That is, during the friction stir welding process, the main heat generation method comes from the friction between the internal stirring needle 41 and the material, and the static shoulder 42 does not rotate during the welding process, but only moves along the welding direction. The setting of the static shoulder 42 reduces the surface heat input of the welding tool 40, and the heat in the thickness direction of the workpiece is uniform, making the welding quality more stable. Secondly, the friction heat is evenly distributed, the joint structure is uniform, the weld surface is smooth, and the amount of flash is small, which can effectively inhibit the extrusion of the weld material, reduce the thinning of the weld, and reduce the probability of defects such as holes and tunnels.

In some embodiments, the type of the welding tool 40 can be a dynamic shoulder. During the friction stir welding process, the shoulder 42 and the stirring needle 41 both rotate and move along the welding direction. The rotating shoulder 42 contacts the metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3 to participate in the friction stir. The stirring needle 41 is inserted into the weld under the cover of the shoulder 42 to stir and squeeze the plastic material, thereby achieving the connection of the materials. It can be understood that the rotation of the dynamic shoulder helps to transfer heat and pressure more evenly, improves the welding quality and efficiency, and the welding tool 40 using the dynamic shoulder has a wide range of applications and can adapt to welds with narrow welding spaces.

In some embodiments, when the shoulder 42 is a dynamic shoulder, the radius of the shoulder 42 is greater than the thickness of the second metal layer 12. That is, the coverage area of the shoulder 42 can be greater than the second metal layer 12, so that the shoulder 42 is more conducive to more uniform transfer of heat and pressure, thereby further improving the welding quality of the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the metal ring 3 includes multiple pieces, and step 03 includes:

031: Multiple metal rings 3 are respectively covered on two opposite sides of the composite frame 1.

Please further refer to FIG. 2 . In some embodiments, step 031 can be implemented by a fixing module 130 . In other words, the fixing module 130 can be used to cover the plurality of metal rings 3 on two opposite sides of the composite frame 1 .

Please refer to Figures 8-10. Specifically, during the welding process, the metal ring 3 may be provided on only one side of the composite frame 1, or may be provided on two opposite sides of the composite frame 1. It can be understood that due to the provision of the metal ring 3, the metal back plate 2 and the composite frame 1 are butt-jointed during the friction stir welding, the connection area is increased, and a high-strength connection is achieved. Therefore, compared with only one side being provided with the metal ring 3, the composite frame 1 having both sides provided with the metal ring 3 can further improve the welding quality of the composite plate.

In the friction stir welding method of the present application, after the metal ring 3 is covered on the composite frame 1 to form the workpiece 30 to be welded, the workpiece 30 to be welded is placed in the central area 101 of the placement plate 10, and then a plurality of clamping assemblies 20 are controlled to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded synchronously on multiple sides.

Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , the plurality of clamping assemblies 20 may include four, and every two clamping assemblies 20 are arranged opposite to each other. Specifically, step 05 includes:

051: Control four clamping assemblies 20 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded synchronously on multiple sides.

2 , step 051 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is, the control module 150 is used to control the four clamping assemblies 20 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded synchronously on multiple sides.

Specifically, the four clamping assemblies 20 can respectively and synchronously clamp the four outer peripheral walls of the workpiece 30 to be welded, so that the four sides of the workpiece 30 to be welded can be clamped synchronously, and the workpiece 30 to be welded can be assembled and fixed on the placement plate 10 of the clamping welding device 100 more firmly, which is beneficial to the next welding work.

In detail, referring to FIG. 11 , the clamping welding device 100 further includes a driving mechanism 50 , the clamping assembly 20 includes a clamping mechanism 21 , and step 05 includes:

052: Control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move toward the central area 101 to synchronously clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded.

2 , step 052 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is, the control module 150 is used to control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move toward the central area 101 to synchronously clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded.

Specifically, each clamping assembly 20 of the present application is provided with a corresponding clamping mechanism 21, and a driving mechanism 30 can synchronously control multiple clamping mechanisms 21 to move synchronously toward the central area 11 to clamp the workpiece. Correspondingly, the present application can also synchronously control multiple clamping mechanisms 21 to move synchronously away from the central area 11 to release the workpiece through a driving mechanism 50.

The driving mechanism 50 can be a pneumatic cylinder or an oil cylinder. It is understandable that in the related art, in the mold industry, when the core is pulled out of the slide, in order to prevent the mold from sticking, a spring pin structure is often added to the mold in production. Among them, the core pulling method in the inclined guide column core pulling structure has certain limitations. For example, when the stroke of the slide is large, the above-mentioned core pulling method cannot be used, because the larger the stroke, the longer the length of the inclined guide column, and the strength of the inclined guide column will weaken as it grows. In practical applications, the inclined guide column may even break. When the inclined guide column cannot meet the strength requirements, the oil cylinder can only be used as the power to push the slide forward and backward in production. However, in the traditional structure, after the oil cylinder is used as the power, the above-mentioned spring pin structure cannot be established. That is, the driving structure in the current inclined guide column core pulling structure is limited by the strength of the inclined guide column.

As shown in Figures 6 and 11, in one embodiment, the driving mechanism 50 of the present application can be a gas cylinder 51 and a gas-liquid booster cylinder 52, and the gas-liquid booster cylinder 52 increases the power of the gas cylinder 51. It can be understood that the gas-liquid booster cylinder 52 is an efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly power source device, which realizes power output through the combination of gas pressure and hydraulic pressure.

That is to say, the clamping welding device 100 of the present application is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, but does not use the traditional hydraulic station mode. Instead, it uses a gas-liquid booster cylinder to replace the traditional hydraulic station, which is simpler and has lower cost.

In other embodiments of the present application, the cylinder 51 may be used alone as the driving mechanism 50, which is not limited here.

That is to say, the driving mechanism 50 of the present application can be suitable for different power driving modes, and can be driven by either air cylinder or oil cylinder, and is not restricted by the clamping mechanism 21, so the driving modes are more diverse and flexible.

In this way, the present application can drive multiple clamping mechanisms 21 through one driving mechanism 50 to synchronously clamp or release the workpiece, and the driving control is relatively simple and fast.

Please refer to Figures 11 to 14 together. The clamping mechanism 21 includes a movable plate 211, a wedge 212, a first guide post 213 and a slider 214. The movable plate 211 is connected to the driving mechanism 50. The wedge 212 is placed on the movable plate 211. The first guide post 213 is obliquely inserted into the movable plate 211. The first guide post 213 is inclined and diffused outward with the central area as the center. The wedge 212 has a first inclined surface 2121 facing the central area 101. The slider 214 has a second inclined surface 2141 opposite to the first inclined surface 2121. The slider 214 includes a clamping surface 2142 on the opposite side of the second inclined surface 2141. Specifically, step 05 includes:

053: Control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the wedge block 212 and the first guide column 213 to move up and down together, so that when the first guide column 213 moves up and down, it drives the slider 214 to move in the horizontal direction. When the wedge block 212 moves up and down, the first inclined surface 2121 contacts the second inclined surface 2141, and the clamping surface 2142 contacts the outer wall of the composite frame 1 and the side wall of the metal ring 3 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded.

Please refer to Fig. 2, step 053 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is to say, the control module 150 is used to control the clamping surface 2142 to contact the outer wall of the composite frame 1 and the side wall of the metal ring 3; and is used to control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the wedge block 212 and the first guide post 213 to move up and down together, so that when the first guide post 213 moves up and down, it drives the slider 214 to move in the horizontal direction, and when the wedge block 212 moves up and down, the first inclined surface 2121 contacts the second inclined surface 2141, and the clamping surface 2142 contacts the outer wall of the composite frame 1 and the side wall of the metal ring 3, so as to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded.

Specifically, the control module 150 can control the driving mechanism 50 in an electric or manual drive control mode to drive the wedge block 212 and the first guide column 213 to move up and down together, so that when the first guide column 213 moves up and down, it drives the slider 214 to move in the horizontal direction. When the wedge block 212 moves up and down, the first inclined surface 2121 contacts the second inclined surface 2141, and the clamping surface 2142 contacts the outer wall of the composite frame 1 and the side wall of the metal ring 3 to clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded.

That is to say, in the embodiment of the present application, the workpiece 30 to be welded can be clamped and fixed by contacting the clamping surface 2142 of the clamping welding device 100 with the outer wall of the composite frame 1 and the side wall of the metal ring 3 .

The width h of the clamping surface 2142 corresponding to the slider 214 can be changed according to the different thicknesses of different workpieces. For example, when the workpiece 30 to be welded is thin, it can be replaced with a slider 214 with a smaller width of the clamping surface 2142, and when the workpiece 30 to be welded is thick, it can be replaced with a slider 214 with a larger width of the clamping surface 2142. That is, the slider 214 of the present application can clamp the workpiece 30 to be welded corresponding to the width of the clamping surface 2142 through the clamping surface 2142.

In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the slider 214 has a clamping portion protruding toward the central area 11, and the clamping portion has a clamping surface 2142 in contact with the workpiece 30 to be welded. Since the clamping portion of the slider 214 protrudes toward the central area 11, a relatively stable bending and fixing area can be formed, and a pad 2143 can be placed in the bending and fixing area, that is, the pad 2143 can be located above the placement plate 10, so that the workpiece 30 to be welded is placed on the pad 2143 for clamping.

It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present application, the pad 2143 is not required, and the slider 214 does not need to be provided with a clamping portion protruding toward the center area 11. The side of the slider 214 facing the center area 11 is directly used as the clamping surface 2142 to clamp the workpiece.

The driving mechanism 30 can drive the wedge block 213 and the first guide column 213 to move up and down together. When the first guide column 213 moves up and down, it drives the slider 214 to move in the horizontal direction. When the wedge block 212 moves up and down, the first inclined surface 2121 contacts the second inclined surface 2141. That is, the clamping welding device 100 of the present application is a mechanical mechanism that can convert vertical motion into horizontal motion or inclined motion by using the wedge block 213 and the inclined first guide column 213 in conjunction with the slider 214.

Specifically, when the driving mechanism 30 is a cylinder, the cylinder can drive the movable plate 211 to rise or fall, and the movable plate 211 drives the wedge 212 and the inclined first guide column 213 to rise or fall. The first guide column 213 is inserted into the movable plate 211. When the first guide column 213 rises or falls, it drives the slider 214 to move horizontally, that is, the distance between the clamping surface 2142 of the slider 214 and the contact surface of the workpiece 30 to be welded can be adjusted, so that the workpiece 30 to be welded can be clamped or released by the slider 214. That is, the clamping welding device 100 of the present application is driven by a cylinder, and multiple sliders 214 can be driven to move by a movable plate 211.

At this time, when the cylinder drives the movable plate 211 to rise and drives the wedge block 212 to rise or fall, the first inclined surface 2121 of the wedge block 212 contacts the second inclined surface 2141 of the slider 214, which can prevent the slider 214 from retreating due to the reverse force of the workpiece.

In addition, due to the self-locking effect of the wedge block 212, a large clamping pressure can be continuously provided to the workpiece, thereby solving the welding defects caused by the expansion effect of the welding tool 40 on the spliced weld during the friction stir welding process.

That is to say, the clamping welding device 100 of the present application adopts the self-locking function of the wedge block 212 and the driving function of the inclined first guide column 213 to achieve synchronous self-centering clamping of multiple scattered workpieces.

In some embodiments, the movable plate 211 is provided with a limiting groove 2111, and the wedge block 212 is placed in the limiting groove 2111. In this way, the present application can further effectively fix the position of the wedge block 212 by providing the limiting groove 2111 on the movable plate 211, so that the wedge block 212 can resist the force of the slider 214, which is conducive to the stability of the clamping welding device 100.

In addition, a guide post stopper 2112 may be provided on the side of the movable plate 211 that contacts the first guide post 213. When the first guide post 213 is inserted into the movable plate 211, the guide post stopper 2112 provided on the movable plate 211 may block the first guide post 213, so that the first guide post 213 has a supporting point on the movable plate 211 during the lifting movement, and the first guide post 213 may be more stably tilted and arranged on the movable plate 211. As shown in FIG. 12, the inclination angle α of the first guide post 213 relative to the movable plate 211 may be 30°, 45° or other angles, which are not limited here.

Please refer to Figures 11 to 14 together. The clamping mechanism 21 also includes a pressure rod 215 and a hinge pin 216. The pressure rod 215 is arranged above the wedge block 212, and the hinge pin 216 is located at one end of the pressure rod 215 close to the central area 101. The hinge pin 216 is rotatably connected to the pressure rod 215. When the wedge block 212 rises, the wedge block 212 applies a force to the tail 2151 of the pressure rod 215, so that the pressure rod 215 rotates around the hinge pin 216, and the pressure rod 215 synchronously presses the workpiece 30 to be welded.

The pressure rod 215 may be a pressing element made of metal or other materials, which is not limited here.

It should be noted that the deflection angles of the pressing action and the resetting action of the pressing rod 215 of the present application are relatively small, and the pressing action mainly involves applying a downward force to press the workpiece 30 to be welded.

In this way, the clamping mechanism 21 of the present application can apply an upward force to the tail 2151 of the pressure rod 215 when the wedge block 212 rises, so that the head of the pressure rod 215 presses the workpiece 30 to be welded, thereby ensuring that the workpiece 30 to be welded and the tooling of the clamping welding device 100 are firmly fitted.

That is to say, the clamping welding device 100 of the present application can realize the synchronous self-centering clamping of multiple scattered workpieces through the self-locking function of the wedge block 212 and the driving function of the inclined first guide column 213, and can also drive the pressure rod 215 to press the workpiece 30 to be welded.

In addition, the clamping mechanism 21 of the present application may further include a pressure rod reset spring 217 and a spring stopper 218. The pressure rod reset spring 217 may be inserted in the middle of the top of the pressure rod 215, and the pressure rod reset spring 217 is used to restore the pressure rod 215 to its initial position. Specifically, when the wedge block 212 descends, the pressure rod reset spring 217 drives the pressure rod 215 to reset.

The spring stopper 218 is arranged above the pressure rod return spring 217. The spring stopper 218 is used to block the specific structure of the pressure rod return spring 217 to prevent the pressure rod return spring 217 from being exposed to the outside of the clamping welding device 100. It is more beautiful and can protect the pressure rod return spring 217 from being easily corroded or damaged.

14 , the clamping mechanism 21 further includes a second guide post 2191 and a bottom plate 2192 . The placement plate 10 is mounted on a plurality of second guide posts 2191 , and a plurality of second guide posts 2191 are mounted on the bottom plate 2192 .

Specifically, a guide column mounting seat 2193 corresponding to the second guide column 2191 may be further provided on the bottom plate 2192 , and the second guide column 2191 is fixedly mounted on the bottom plate 2192 via the corresponding guide column mounting seat 2193 .

A guide sleeve 2194 may also be provided where the second guide post 2191 is connected to the placement plate 10, so that the connection between the second guide post 2191 and the placement plate 10 is more secure. The second guide post 2191 and the placement plate 10 may be connected by bolts or in other ways, which are not limited here.

In this way, the placement plate 10 of the present application can be fixedly installed on the clamping welding structure 100 through the support of multiple second guide pillars 2191.

Please refer to Figures 8-10 and 15. In some embodiments, step 06 includes:

061: Using a single-sided friction stir welding process to stir friction weld the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 by means of a welding tool 40 to form a composite plate; or

062: The metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 are subjected to friction stir welding by a double-sided friction stir welding process using a welding tool 40 to form a composite plate.

In some embodiments, steps 061 and 062 can be implemented by the control module 150, or in other words, the control module 150 can use the welding tool 40 to perform friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 using a single-sided friction stir welding process to form a composite plate, or use the welding tool 40 to perform friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 using a double-sided friction stir welding process to form a composite plate.

It should be noted that the single-sided friction stir welding process refers to single-sided welding. Compared with double-sided welding, it improves welding efficiency and reduces welding costs.

Double-sided friction stir welding is a technology that performs friction stir welding on the upper and lower sides of the plate to be welded. The double-sided friction stir welding process can effectively solve the problems existing in thick plate welding, such as uneven performance of the welding joint and easy defects.

Double-sided friction stir welding can be achieved by either single-axis drive step-by-step welding or double-axis drive welding. Single-axis drive step-by-step welding means first completing the welding on one side of the plate to be welded, and then flipping the workpiece to perform the second pass welding on the opposite side, while double-axis drive welding can weld both sides of the plate to be welded at the same time. In this embodiment, double-axis drive welding can be used. It can be understood that since welding is performed on both sides of the plate at the same time, the welded joint can be made more uniform in the direction of the plate thickness, thereby improving the overall performance of the welded joint.

Please refer to Figures 16-19. In some embodiments, step 06 further includes:

063: at least one splicing interface 60 is used as a main welding interface 61, and the splicing interface 60 located on the side of the main welding interface 61 is used as a secondary welding interface 62;

064: Control the welding tool 40 to weld along the main welding interface 61 and at least partially deviate from the main welding interface 61 to weld toward the secondary welding interface 62 to form a composite plate.

In some embodiments, steps 063 and 064 can be implemented by the control module 150, or in other words, the control module 150 can also be used to use at least one splicing interface 60 as a main welding interface 61, and the splicing interface 60 located on the side of the main welding interface 61 as a secondary welding interface 62, and control the welding tool 40 to weld along the main welding interface 61 and at least partially deviate from the main welding interface 61 to offset the welding to the secondary welding interface 62 to form a composite plate.

It should be noted that the splicing interface 60 can be the splicing interface 60 formed between the metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3, the splicing interface 60 formed between the metal frame and the metal ring 3, the splicing interface 60 formed between the metal back plates 2 and the metal back plates 2 (that is, a large metal back plate 2 is formed by splicing multiple metal back plates 2), and the splicing interface 60 in the metal ring 3 (for example, the metal ring 3 is formed by splicing multiple metal plates, then a splicing interface 60 is formed between every two adjacent metal plates).

The splicing interface 60 can be divided into a butt joint interface and an overlapped interface, wherein the overlapped interface extends along the horizontal plane and the butt joint interface extends along the vertical plane. For example, the splicing interface 60 formed between the metal back plate 2 and the metal ring 3 is a butt joint interface, and the splicing interface 60 formed between the metal frame and the metal ring 3 is an overlapped interface. In this embodiment, at least one butt joint interface is used as the main welding interface 61, and the overlapped interface and the butt joint interface connected to the main welding interface 61 and located on one side or both sides of the main welding interface 61 are used as the secondary welding interface 62.

In the related art, when multiple splicing interfaces 60 are overlapping interfaces and butt interfaces, during the welding process, due to the stirring action of the stirring needle 41, the material at the overlapping interface will migrate upward along the axial direction of the stirring needle 41 under the stirring and extrusion action of the stirring needle 41, forming a hook-shaped defect. The occurrence of this defect will reduce the effective plate thickness of the material around the weld. Usually, the hook-shaped defect is formed on the forward side of the weld; at the same time, the effective connection width of the overlapping interface is small, forming a cold overlapping defect.

When the multiple joint interfaces 60 are three-joint joint interfaces and multiple-joint joint interfaces, under the action of the stirring needle 41 during welding, in the horizontal direction, the secondary welding interface 62 will migrate along the rotation direction of the stirring needle 41, forming weak connection defects such as cracks inside the weld. In the axial direction of the stirring needle 41, the material flows along the side of the stirring needle 41, and the material in the vicinity of the overlapping interface will flow upward or downward, forming a weak connection or hook-shaped defect.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the welding tool 40 is controlled to weld along the main welding interface 61 and at least partially deviate from the main welding interface 61 to the secondary welding interface 62 for offset welding, so that the volume of the material stirred by the stirring needle 41 of the welding tool 40 at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62 can be increased. Compared with the welding effect of a straight weld, after the welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 is offset, the material stirring at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62 is more intense, and the stirring area is larger, which is beneficial to increase the effective connection width of the secondary welding interface 62, thereby reducing weak connections and cold lap defects at the junction, and improving the connection effect between multiple splicing interfaces 60, thereby ensuring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed weld, and improving the connection strength of the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the portion of the welding tool 40 welded along the main welding interface 61 forms a stable path 71, and the portion of the welding tool 40 that deviates from the main welding interface 61 and welded toward the secondary welding interface 62 forms a deviated path 72, and the deviated path 72 includes an arc path, an annular path, or a combination of one or more of an arc path, an annular path, and a straight path.

Please further refer to Figure 17 or Figure 19. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the deviation path 72 can be an arc path to increase the volume of the material stirred by the stirring needle 41 of the welding tool 40 in the portion where the secondary welding interface 62 is connected to the main welding interface 61, thereby facilitating increasing the effective welding connection width of the secondary welding interface 62.

Please further refer to FIG. 18 . In some embodiments, the deviation path 72 can be a combination of multiple connected ones of an arc path, an annular path, and a straight path. Exemplarily, the deviation path 72 includes an annular path and two arc paths, one end of the two arc paths is connected to the starting end and the end of the annular path respectively, and the other ends of the two arc paths are connected to the stable path 71. The two arc paths and the partial annular path are located on one side of the stable path 71, and the other partial annular path is located on the other side of the stable path 71.

Please further refer to FIG. 19. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the deviation path 72 may be an annular path, the starting end and the end of the annular path coincide, and the starting end and the end of the annular path are both connected to the stable path 71. The annular path may be a circular annular path, a rectangular path, or a rounded rectangular path. The annular path is a rounded rectangular path, the annular path is located on one side of the stable path 71, and the starting end and the end of the annular path are respectively connected to the stable path 71.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the deviation path 72 includes an annular path, or a combination of multiple connected arc paths, annular paths and straight paths. In this way, the material of the portion where the secondary welding interface 62 is connected to the main welding interface 61 will be stirred multiple times during the movement of the welding tool 40 along the deviation path 72, and the multiple stirring directions may be the same or different.

The rotation direction of the stirring needle 41 of the welding tool 40 is clockwise, and the moving direction of the stirring needle 41 when moving along the main welding interface 61 is from top to bottom in the figure. Since when the welding tool 40 moves along the annular path, the moving direction of the welding tool 40 when moving in the part where the annular path overlaps with the stable path 71 is opposite to the moving direction when moving in the part where the annular path is away from the stable path 71. Therefore, the stirring direction of the material at the secondary welding interface 62 located in the annular path by the welding tool 40 is also opposite, that is, the material flow direction is also opposite. For example, the material first rotates along a first direction to form a hook-shaped defect, and then the material rotates along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are opposite. At this time, the material of the hook-shaped defect part can be re-screwed into the interior of the workpiece to be welded, which is beneficial to eliminate the hook-shaped defect.

At the same time, the material can also flow in the same direction for multiple times, thereby increasing the degree of stirring at the junction of the secondary welding interface 62 and the main welding interface 61, and increasing the effective connection width of the secondary welding interface 62; and the cracks formed by the migration of the secondary welding interface 62 during the first stirring can also be broken under the multiple stirring actions of the welding tool 40, thereby increasing the degree of material mixing at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62, thereby improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld area.

In some embodiments, the rotation speed of the welding tool 40 when moving along the main welding interface 61 is in the range of 50-50000 rpm, the moving speed is in the range of 5-100000 mm/min, and the dwell time is in the range of 0-50 seconds. It is understood that the rotation speed, moving speed and dwell time of the welding tool 40 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, so the specific values are not limited.

In some embodiments, the speed of the welding tool 40 moving along the main welding interface 61 is a first speed, and the speed of the welding tool 40 moving away from the main welding interface 61 is a second speed, and the second speed is less than the first speed.

The welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 includes a stable path 71 and a deviated path 72. The portion of the welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 along the main welding interface 61 is formed as the stable path 71, and the portion of the welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 deviating from the main welding interface 61 is formed as the deviated path 72. That is to say, the speed of the welding tool 40 moving along the deviated path 72 is slow, which can increase the number of stirring times of the material at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62, so that the material stirring at this location is more intense, which is beneficial to increase the uniformity of the material at this location, thereby improving the welding connection effect, reducing the generation of defects, and further ensuring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld.

According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the second speed to the first speed is α, 0.2<α<1. For example, the ratio of the second speed to the first speed is 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or any value between any adjacent values therein, etc.

The ratio of the second speed to the first speed is within this range. On the one hand, the second speed will not be too small, and will not increase the welding time too much, or cause plastic deformation of the material around the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62; on the other hand, the number of stirring times for the material at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62 can be increased, so that the material at this junction is stirred more violently, which is beneficial to increase the uniformity of the material at this junction, thereby improving the welding connection effect, reducing the generation of defects, and further ensuring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld.

The rotation speed of the welding tool 40 when moving along the main welding interface 61 is the first rotation speed, and the rotation speed of the welding tool 40 when moving away from the main welding interface 61 is the second rotation speed, which is greater than the first rotation speed.

The welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 includes a stable path 71 and a deviated path 72. The portion of the welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 along the main welding interface 61 is formed as the stable path 71, and the portion of the welding path 70 of the welding tool 40 deviating from the main welding interface 61 is formed as the deviated path 72. That is to say, the welding tool 40 rotates faster when moving along the deviated path 72, which can increase the number of stirring times of the material at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62, making the material stirring at this location more intense, which is beneficial to increasing the uniformity of the material at this location, thereby improving the welding connection effect between multiple splicing interfaces 60, reducing the generation of defects, and thereby ensuring the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld.

In some embodiments, a ratio of the second rotation speed to the first rotation speed is β, 1<β<3.

For example, the ratio of the second rotation speed to the first rotation speed may be 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8 or any value between any two values therein, and the like.

The ratio of the second rotation speed to the first rotation speed is within this range. On the one hand, the second rotation speed will not be too large to increase the cost of the welding tool 40, and at the same time, the possibility of plastic deformation of the material around the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62 caused by the excessive rotation speed of the welding tool 40 can be reduced; on the other hand, the number of stirring times of the material at the junction of the main welding interface 61 and the secondary welding interface 62 can be increased, so that the material at this junction is stirred more violently, which is beneficial to increase the uniformity of the material at this junction.

In some embodiments, when the deviation path 72 is a circular path, the maximum distance that the center of the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 is 1 to 2 times the root diameter of the stirring pin 41. In other words, the maximum distance between the deviation path 72 and the main welding interface 61 in a direction perpendicular to the main welding interface 61 is 1 to 2 times the root diameter of the stirring pin 41.

For example, the maximum distance that the center of the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 can be 1 times, 1.2 times, 1.4 times, 1.6 times, 1.8 times, 2 times, or any value between any two of the root diameters of the stirring needle 41 .

The maximum distance that the center of the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 is not less than the root diameter of the stirring needle 41. In this way, along the direction of the secondary welding interface 62, the stirring needle 41 can completely deviate from the position when the stirring needle 41 is located at the main welding interface 61, so that the part of the material connected to the secondary welding interface 62 and the main welding interface 61 can be stirred multiple times and the stirring direction is opposite, which is beneficial to the partial splicing interface 60 after the migration of the broken parts, and increase the mixing degree of the splicing interface 60 and the surrounding materials, thereby improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld area and reducing the generation of hook defects. The maximum distance that the center of the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 is not more than twice the root diameter of the stirring needle 41. In this way, the distance that the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 will not be too far to increase the length of the welding path 70 too much, thereby reducing the welding production efficiency.

In some embodiments, when the deviation path 72 is an arc path, the maximum distance that the center of the welding tool 40 deviates from the main welding interface 61 does not exceed the radius of the root of the stirring needle 41 to reduce the impact on the effective welding width of the main welding interface 61.

In certain embodiments, the friction stir welding method further comprises:

07: When the welding tool 40 performs friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2, the friction stir welding area is heated and/or ultrasonic waves are emitted.

Please refer to Figure 2. In some embodiments, the welding equipment 1000 may also include an auxiliary module 160. Step 07 can be implemented by the auxiliary module 160. In other words, the auxiliary module 160 can be used to heat the friction stir welding area and/or emit ultrasonic waves when the welding tool 40 performs friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2.

Specifically, the auxiliary module 160 can heat only the friction stir welding area, the auxiliary module can also emit ultrasonic waves only to the friction stir welding area, and the auxiliary module 160 can also heat the friction stir welding area while emitting ultrasonic waves. It can be understood that heating the friction stir welding area can ensure the thermoplasticity of the welding material in the friction stir welding area, and then the welding material will migrate with the stirring needle 41 of the welding tool 40, thereby ensuring the welding strength, and emitting ultrasonic waves to the friction stir welding area, ultrasonic waves can increase the weld temperature, thereby softening the welding material, and is conducive to reducing residual stress and welding deformation. In addition, ultrasonic vibration can improve the surface forming of the weld and reduce or even eliminate the hole defects caused by insufficient material flow.

The power range of the ultrasonic wave is 500-10000 watts. For example, the power of the ultrasonic wave can be 500 watts, 1000 watts, 2000 watts, 3000 watts, 5000 watts, 8000 watts or 10000 watts. The power of the ultrasonic wave is not limited and can be adjusted according to welding requirements. The heating temperature range is 30-10000°. For example, the heating temperature can be 30°, 100°, 200°, 500°, 1000°, 2000°, 5000° or 10000°. The heating temperature can be adjusted according to welding requirements and is not limited.

In this way, when the stirring needle 41 performs friction stir welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2, the friction stir welding area is heated and/or ultrasonic waves are emitted, which improves the welding quality and reduces the unqualified rate of the composite plate.

In some embodiments, the clamping welding device 100 further includes a water cooling plate, which is disposed above the placement plate 10. The friction stir welding method further includes:

08: When the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 are subjected to friction stir welding by the welding tool 40 to form a composite plate, the flow of water in the water cooling plate is controlled to cool the workpiece 30 to be welded.

Step 08 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is, the control module 150 is used to control the flow of water in the water cooling plate to cool the workpiece 30 to be welded when the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 are stir-friction welded by the welding tool 40 to form a composite plate.

Specifically, a water cooling channel is provided in the water cooling plate. When the workpiece is welded after being clamped by multiple clamping assemblies 20, the cold water in the water cooling channel can be used to cool the entire workpiece or the welding part, thereby reducing the temperature increase effect of heat generated during the welding process on the clamping welding device and avoiding burns to the equipment operator.

The water cooling channel may be composed of one or more "S"-shaped tracks, linear tracks, "X"-shaped tracks, circular tracks or other forms of tracks, which are not limited here. A coolant may be stored inside the water cooling channel, and the coolant may be, for example, water or other liquids, which are not limited here.

The water cooling channel is a circulating water flow channel. That is to say, the water cooling channel of the present application can be connected to an external water pipe to form a water circulation flow route, which can more effectively reduce the temperature increase effect of the heat generated during the workpiece welding process on the clamping welding device and avoid burns to the equipment operator. Therefore, when the stir friction welding method of the present application performs stir friction welding on the metal ring 3, the second metal layer 12 and the metal back plate 2 by the welding tool 40 to form a composite plate, the water flow in the water cooling plate can be controlled to cool the workpiece 30 to be welded.

The water cooling plate can be fixed to the placement plate 10 by screws or other methods, which are not limited here. The water cooling plate can be fixed only at the center of the placement plate 10 or on the entire area of the placement plate 10.

The area of the water-cooling plate can be less than or equal to the area of the placement plate 10. When the area of the water-cooling plate is equal to the area of the placement plate 10, the cooling area of the water-cooling plate is maximized, which can further reduce the temperature rise effect of the heat generated during the workpiece welding process on the clamping welding device, and avoid burns to the equipment operator. When the area of the water-cooling plate is smaller than the area of the placement plate 10, it is conducive to the lightweight design of the clamping welding device 100.

In addition, when the clamping welding structure 100 is not provided with a placement plate 10 , the water-cooling plate can also be directly installed on the plurality of second guide pillars 2191 to further reduce the weight of the clamping welding structure 100 .

After welding is completed, the friction stir welding method also includes:

09: After welding is completed, the welding tool 40 is controlled to move away from the welding surface of the workpiece 30 to be welded, and the driving mechanism 50 is controlled to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move synchronously back to the central area 101 to loosen the formed composite plate.

Step 09 can be implemented by the control module 150. That is, the control module 150 is used to control the welding tool 40 to move away from the welding surface of the workpiece 30 to be welded after welding is completed, and control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move synchronously back to the central area 101 to release the formed composite plate.

Specifically, after welding is completed, it can be set to automatically control the welding tool 40 to move away from the welding surface of the workpiece 30 to be welded, and automatically control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to synchronously move back to the central area 101 to loosen the formed composite plate, so as to facilitate the removal of the formed composite plate and the placement of the next workpiece 30 to be welded for welding, which is convenient, quick and has higher welding efficiency.

Alternatively, after welding is completed, the user may manually press a button on the clamping welding device 100 to automatically control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move synchronously back to the central area 101 to release the formed composite plate.

In this way, after welding is completed, the friction stir welding method and welding equipment 1000 of the present application can automatically control the welding tool 40 to move away, and automatically control the driving mechanism 50 to drive the clamping mechanism 21 to move synchronously back to the center area 101 to loosen the formed composite plate, making it convenient to take the formed composite plate and place the next workpiece 30 to be welded for welding, thereby improving the welding efficiency.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "certain embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiments or examples are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the present technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The friction stir welding method based on the clamping welding device is characterized in that the clamping welding device comprises a placing plate and a plurality of clamping components, wherein the central area of the placing plate is used for placing a workpiece to be welded, the placing plate is fixedly arranged on the plurality of clamping components, and the placing plate and the plurality of clamping components surround to form the central area; the clamping welding device further comprises a driving mechanism, and the clamping assembly comprises a clamping mechanism; the clamping mechanism comprises a movable plate, a wedge block, a first guide pillar and a sliding block, wherein the movable plate is connected with the driving mechanism, the wedge block is placed on the movable plate, the first guide pillar is obliquely inserted into the movable plate, the first guide pillar is obliquely arranged in an outward diffusion way by taking the central area as the center, the wedge block is provided with a first inclined surface facing the central area, the sliding block is provided with a second inclined surface opposite to the first inclined surface, and the sliding block comprises a clamping surface opposite to the second inclined surface; the friction stir welding method is used for forming a composite plate, and comprises the following steps:

Acquiring a composite frame, a metal backboard and a metal ring, wherein the composite frame comprises a first metal layer and a second metal layer;

assembling the composite frame and the metal backboard into a whole, wherein the metal backboard is adjacent to the second metal layer;

Covering the metal ring on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded;

Placing the workpiece to be welded in the central area of the placing plate;

controlling a plurality of clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpieces to be welded in multiple sides; the controlling of the multiple clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpiece to be welded in multiple sides comprises the following steps: controlling the driving mechanism to drive the clamping mechanism to move towards the central area so as to synchronously clamp the workpiece to be welded; controlling the driving mechanism to drive so as to drive the wedge block and the first guide post to move up and down together, so that the first guide post drives the sliding block to move in the horizontal direction when in lifting movement, the first inclined surface is contacted with the second inclined surface when in lifting movement of the wedge block, and the clamping surface is contacted with the outer wall of the composite frame and the side wall of the metal ring so as to clamp the workpiece to be welded;

and carrying out friction stir welding on the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal backboard through a welding tool so as to form the composite board.

2. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein said metal ring comprises a plurality of pieces, said covering said metal ring on said composite rim to form said workpiece to be welded comprising:

And respectively covering a plurality of metal rings on two opposite sides of the composite frame.

3. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of said clamping assemblies includes 4, each two of said clamping assemblies being disposed opposite each other, said controlling a plurality of said clamping assemblies to simultaneously clamp said workpieces to be welded in multiple sides comprising:

and controlling 4 clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpieces to be welded in multiple sides.

4. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein the clamping mechanism further comprises a plunger disposed above the wedge and a hinge pin at an end of the plunger adjacent the central region, the hinge pin being rotatably coupled to the plunger, the wedge exerting a force on a tail portion of the plunger as the wedge is raised to rotate the plunger about the hinge pin to simultaneously compress the workpiece to be welded by the plunger.

5. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein said clamping mechanism further comprises a second guide post and a base plate, said placement plate being mounted on a plurality of said second guide posts, a plurality of said second guide posts being mounted on said base plate.

6. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein said friction stir welding said metal ring, said second metal layer and said metal backing plate by said welding tool to form said composite plate comprises:

friction stir welding is carried out on the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal backboard through the welding tool by adopting a single-sided friction stir welding process so as to form the composite board; or (b)

And carrying out friction stir welding on the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal backboard by adopting a double-sided friction stir welding process through the welding tool so as to form the composite board.

7. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein said friction stir welding said metal ring, said second metal layer and said metal backing plate by said welding tool to form said composite plate comprises:

Taking at least one splicing interface as a main welding interface, and taking the splicing interface which is connected with the main welding interface and is positioned on the side surface of the main welding interface as a secondary welding interface;

Controlling the welding tool to weld along the primary welding interface and at least partially offset from the primary welding interface toward the secondary welding interface to form the composite panel.

8. The friction stir welding method of claim 7 wherein the welding tool forms a stable path along the portion of the primary welding interface that is welded, the welding tool forming an offset path from the primary welding interface toward the portion of the secondary welding interface that is offset welded, the offset path comprising an arcuate path, a circular path, or a connected combination of one or more of the arcuate path, the circular path, and a straight path.

9. The friction stir welding method of claim 1 wherein said pinch welding device further comprises a water cooled plate disposed above said placement plate, said friction stir welding method comprising:

And when the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal back plate are subjected to friction stir welding through a welding tool so as to form the composite plate, controlling water flow in the water cooling plate to cool the workpiece to be welded.

10. A welding apparatus for use in the friction stir welding method of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the welding apparatus is for forming a composite plate, the welding apparatus comprising a clamp welding device, the clamp welding device comprising a placement plate and a plurality of clamp assemblies, a central region of the placement plate for placement of a workpiece to be welded, the placement plate being fixedly disposed on a plurality of the clamp assemblies, the placement plate and a plurality of the clamp assemblies surrounding to form a central region, the welding apparatus comprising:

the device comprises an acquisition module, a processing module and a processing module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a composite frame, a metal backboard and a metal ring, and the composite frame comprises a first metal layer and a second metal layer;

the mounting module is used for assembling the composite frame and the metal backboard into a whole, and the metal backboard is adjacent to the second metal layer;

The fixing module is used for covering the metal ring on the composite frame to form the workpiece to be welded;

the placing module is used for placing the workpiece to be welded in the central area of the placing plate; and

The control module is used for controlling the clamping assemblies to synchronously clamp the workpieces to be welded in multiple sides, and carrying out friction stir welding on the metal ring, the second metal layer and the metal backboard through a welding tool so as to form the composite board.