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CN118548329B - 区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成 - Google Patents

区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成 Download PDF

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CN118548329B
CN118548329B CN202411022731.6A CN202411022731A CN118548329B CN 118548329 B CN118548329 B CN 118548329B CN 202411022731 A CN202411022731 A CN 202411022731A CN 118548329 B CN118548329 B CN 118548329B
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shaft
shifting
output shaft
main frame
idle
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CN118548329A (zh
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冯彦杰
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Shandong Fuerwo Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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Shandong Fuerwo Agricultural Equipment Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/32Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/02Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings
    • F16D27/09Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with electromagnets incorporated in the clutch, i.e. with collecting rings and with interengaging jaws or gear-teeth
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/14Details
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/02Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically
    • F16D43/20Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure
    • F16D43/21Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure with friction members
    • F16D43/213Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure with friction members with axially applied torque-limiting friction surfaces
    • F16D43/215Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure with friction members with axially applied torque-limiting friction surfaces with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D43/216Automatic clutches actuated entirely mechanically controlled by torque, e.g. overload-release clutches, slip-clutches with means by which torque varies the clutching pressure with friction members with axially applied torque-limiting friction surfaces with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with multiple lamellae
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/131Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
    • F16F15/133Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses using springs as elastic members, e.g. metallic springs
    • F16F15/134Wound springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/10Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system
    • F16F15/12Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon
    • F16F15/131Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses
    • F16F15/139Suppression of vibrations in rotating systems by making use of members moving with the system using elastic members or friction-damping members, e.g. between a rotating shaft and a gyratory mass mounted thereon the rotating system comprising two or more gyratory masses characterised by friction-damping means
    • F16F15/1397Overload protection, i.e. means for limiting torque
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H35/00Gearings or mechanisms with other special functional features
    • F16H35/10Arrangements or devices for absorbing overload or preventing damage by overload
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0006Vibration-damping or noise reducing means specially adapted for gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • F16H57/0415Air cooling or ventilation; Heat exchangers; Thermal insulations
    • F16H57/0417Heat exchangers adapted or integrated in the gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H57/00General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/045Lubricant storage reservoirs, e.g. reservoirs in addition to a gear sump for collecting lubricant in the upper part of a gear case
    • F16H57/0452Oil pans
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0003Arrangement or mounting of elements of the control apparatus, e.g. valve assemblies or snapfittings of valves; Arrangements of the control unit on or in the transmission gearbox
    • F16H61/0009Hydraulic control units for transmission control, e.g. assembly of valve plates or valve units
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/24Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms each of the final output mechanisms being moved by only one of the various final actuating mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/0455Smoothing ratio shift during shifts involving three or more shift members, e.g. release of 3-4 clutch, 2-4 brake and apply of forward clutch C1
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/304Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
    • F16H2063/3046Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force using electromagnetic clutch for coupling gear wheel to shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H2063/3093Final output elements, i.e. the final elements to establish gear ratio, e.g. dog clutches or other means establishing coupling to shaft

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,属于传动装置技术领域,该区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,包括输入轴、外壳、输出轴和换挡机构,所述输入轴、输出轴和换挡机构安装在外壳中,所述换挡机构使输入轴与输出轴通过不同的传动比传递动力,所述换挡机构包括惰轴,所述惰轴设有两个且端部均设有离合机构,所述离合机构包括衬环、齿套和摆架,所述齿套圆周内壁开设有等距排列的内齿槽。本发明在换挡时,换挡机构的两套离合机构和拨叉同时工作,其中一套离合机构和拨叉脱离接合的同时另一套离合机构和拨叉进行换齿接合,相比先断开接合、后换齿比、再接合的单动换挡模式,中间动力传输空挡期较短,输出轴转速衰减较小,换挡冲击大幅改善。

Description

区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成
技术领域
本发明属于传动装置技术领域,具体涉及到区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成。
背景技术
动力换挡,通过液压控制系统实现传动系的换挡、换向操作,在拖拉机带负载工作情况下,不需要脚踩离合器,通过按键变换不同的挡位,在拖拉机的变速箱中逐渐被采用。
在公开号为CN113685512A的中国专利中,提到了采用主变速动力换挡与副变速啮合套换挡相结合,用较少的电控元件,实现全部换挡不用踩离合器,从而得到较大的舒适性;
在拖拉机的使用中,行星齿轮的动力换挡组合,虽可以通过离合器实现多挡动力输出,但在拖拉机低速换挡时,动力换挡机构存在较长空挡期,输出轴动力会有衰减,加之拖拉机的发动机低转速时扭矩输出较大,换挡接合瞬间会因转速差导致发动机冲击和车辆晃动,并影响变速箱的结构稳定。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述现有技术的缺点,提供一种区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成。
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,包括输入轴、外壳、输出轴和换挡机构,所述输入轴、输出轴和换挡机构安装在外壳中,所述换挡机构使输入轴与输出轴通过不同的传动比传递动力,所述换挡机构包括惰轴,所述惰轴设有两个且端部均设有离合机构;
所述离合机构包括衬环、齿套和摆架,所述齿套圆周内壁开设有等距排列的内齿槽,所述摆架包括活动安装在衬环圆周外壁与齿套圆周内壁之间的主架,所述衬环圆周外壁位于主架两端分别安装有电磁体和弹簧件,所述主架中部摆动安装有副板,所述主架与齿套分离时副板挤压衬环将所述主架向远离齿套方向推动;
所述换挡机构还包括拨叉,所述拨叉中部安装有提供换挡动力的伸缩缸,所述输入轴与输出轴相互平行,所述拨叉向输出轴方向倾斜延伸,所述拨叉端部与输出轴之间设置有滑动轴承。
进一步的,所述主架靠近齿套一端安装有凸键,所述衬环位于主架远离齿套一端的外壁设有挡条,所述副板与主架于轴杆与衬环之间的位置转动连接,所述副板向衬环圆周外壁凸出形成有抵压台。
进一步的,所述主架中部设有轴杆,所述轴杆靠近弹簧件设置,所述衬环一端设有外翻凸沿,所述衬环另一端通过螺纹旋转安装有端环,所述主架通过轴杆与外翻凸沿和端环活动连接。
进一步的,所述电磁体环形阵列布置,所述电磁体端部设有导线,所述惰轴沿径向开设有与导线配合的贯穿孔,所述惰轴端部安装有与导线电性连接的滑环。
进一步的,所述换挡机构还包括多个差速齿轮和中轴,所述中轴、惰轴与输入轴之间相互平行,两个所述惰轴圆周外壁均通过轴承与差速齿轮转动安装,所述中轴设置在惰轴上方并安装有与差速齿轮啮合的从动轮。
进一步的,所述拨叉端部安装有连环,所述连环中部转动安装有啮合套,所述啮合套与惰轴沿轴向滑动啮合连接,所述啮合套与差速齿轮相对应一侧分别设有啮合环。
进一步的,所述换挡机构还包括中继机构,所述中继机构串联于输出轴与输入轴之间,所述中继机构包括从动壳和主动壳,所述从动壳与主动壳之间安装有层叠的摩擦片一和摩擦片二,所述主动壳端部安装有与输入轴啮合的传动盘,所述从动壳向输出轴传递动力。
进一步的,所述从动壳背向传动盘一端设置有压板,所述从动壳与压板通过压簧装配连接,所述摩擦片一和摩擦片二之间通过压簧相互压紧。
进一步的,所述主动壳靠近传动盘一端安装有滑销,所述传动盘对应滑销处开设有弧形孔,所述滑销于弧形孔中自由滑动,所述传动盘与主动壳之间沿弦向安装有螺旋弹簧。
进一步的,所述换挡机构还包括液压阀体,所述液压阀体为伸缩缸伸缩提供动力,所述外壳内侧下部形成有容油腔,所述液压阀体安装于容油腔中,所述容油腔内有变速箱油,所述外壳底部设置有油底壳。
通过上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明通过换挡机构和离合机构的改进,在换挡时,换挡机构的两套离合机构和拨叉同时工作,其中一套离合机构和拨叉脱离接合的同时另一套离合机构和拨叉进行换齿接合,中间动力传输空挡期较短,输出轴转速衰减较小,换挡冲击大幅改善;
(2)本发明通过摆架的优化,使离合机构的摆架进行快速响应,完成衬环和齿套之间的快速接合和断开,减少断开和结合所需的时间,并在断开时利用副板挤压衬环的杠杆加力,配合电磁体对主架的吸力,克服主架与齿套的摩擦力使二者快速分离,在接合时主架可率先复位,充分利用弹簧件初期的回弹势能完成快速接合,进一步的减少换挡时间。
附图说明
图1是本发明的整体结构图;
图2是本发明的内部结构图一;
图3是本发明的内部结构图二;
图4是本发明的离合机构和惰轴之间的拆分示意图;
图5是本发明的离合机构和惰轴之间的啮合示意图;
图6是本发明的离合机构和惰轴之间啮合到脱离的状态示意图;
图7是图6中a处的放大示意图;
图8是本发明的离合机构和惰轴之间的脱离示意图;
图9是本发明的换挡机构和输出轴之间的位置示意图一;
图10是本发明的换挡机构和输出轴之间的位置示意图二;
图11是本发明的中继机构和中轴之间的剖切示意图;
图12是本发明的中继机构和中轴之间的结构示意图。
附图标记:1、输入轴;2、换挡机构;21、液压阀体;22、伸缩缸;23、连环;24、啮合套;25、滑动轴承;26、拨叉;3、外壳;4、中继机构;41、从动壳;42、压板;43、弧形孔;44、摩擦片一;45、摩擦片二;46、主动壳;47、螺旋弹簧;48、滑销;49、传动盘;5、输出轴;6、差速齿轮;7、中轴;8、离合机构;81、衬环;82、摆架;821、主架;822、副板;823、抵压台;83、电磁体;84、内齿槽;85、齿套;86、端环;87、弹簧件;88、凸键;89、挡条;9、惰轴。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
如图1-图12所示,本实施例提供了一种区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,包括输入轴1、外壳3、输出轴5和换挡机构2,输入轴1、输出轴5和换挡机构2安装在外壳3中,输入轴1与发动机的飞轮连接,用于输入动力,换挡机构2使输入轴1与输出轴5通过不同的传动比传递动力,输出轴5与轮轴连接用于带动轮胎转动;
本方案所解决的实际问题是,在拖拉机低速换挡时,使用同一套离合机构8和拨叉26换挡,离合机构8先断开,拨叉26需要先横移脱离差速齿轮6,再横移越过中线与另一个差速齿轮6接合,离合机构8才能接合,拨叉26换挡行程较长导致动力空挡期较长,使输入轴1与输出轴5之间存在较大转速差,导致换挡瞬间存在冲击振动,因此,提供一种具体的构型解决上述问题,参照图2和图3,换挡机构2包括惰轴9,惰轴9设有两个且端部均设有离合机构8,通过在输入轴1与输出轴5之间设置两套离合机构8和两组拨叉26,离合机构8用于将惰轴9与输出轴5接合和脱离,拨叉26位于两个差速齿轮6之间,平移便可与不同齿数的差速齿轮6啮合,使用时,正常传动状态下,前侧的一组拨叉26与差速齿轮6啮合将输入轴1与输出轴5接合,后侧一组拨叉26于两个差速齿轮6之间呈空转状态,换挡过程中,两个离合机构8同时断开,此时后侧空转状态的拨叉26横移与差速齿轮6啮合,而后侧的离合机构8立即动作完成输入轴1与输出轴5接合,同时前侧的差速齿轮6移动到中部转换成空转状态,前侧的离合机构8再接合空转等待下次换挡,通过一个拨叉26接合传动另一个拨叉26居中等待的组合方式,换挡时拨叉26行程短,节省较多的换挡时间;
因换挡时,离合机构8需要完成断开和接合两个动作,为避免离合机构8的动作缓慢影响换挡时间,对离合机构8进行优化,参照图4-图8,离合机构8包括衬环81、齿套85和摆架82,衬环81固定套设在惰轴9端部,齿套85同轴套设在衬环81外侧并可以旋转,衬环81圆周外壁位于主架821两端分别安装有电磁体83和弹簧件87,同时,摆架82摆动安装在衬环81圆周外壁,并且位于齿套85圆周内侧,齿套85圆周内壁开设有等距排列的内齿槽84;
使用时,在传动状态下,参照图5,弹簧件87使摆架82始终翘起与内齿槽84卡接,衬环81和齿套85形成一个整体,齿套85与输出轴5啮合,便可以完成动力传输;在断开过程中,参照图6和图7,电磁体83通电,带动主架821和副板822摆动远离齿套85,并且主架821采用中空的框架结构,副板822摆动安装在主架821中空位置,因为副板822底面面积大,所以电磁体83会吸引副板822先向下移动,此时,副板822与主架821于轴杆与衬环81之间的位置转动连接,副板822摆动会挤压衬环81,利用杠杆原理,将主架821向远离齿套85方向推动,克服主架821端部与内齿槽84内壁之间的摩擦力,使主架821被电磁体83磁吸搭配副板822撬动与内齿槽84快速脱离;在接合过程中,参照图6-图8,因电磁体83吸引弹簧件87会被拉长蓄力,在电磁体83断电瞬间,且弹簧件87与主架821连接,弹簧件87会带动主架821先回弹复位,并且主架821的中空框架结构整体重量轻,弹簧件87回弹可以带动轻质的主架821迅速复位与内齿槽84搭接,可以缩短接合所需的时间。
需要注意的是,为保证拨叉26快速移动与差速齿轮6啮合,对拨叉26进行优化,参照图9-图10,换挡机构2还包括拨叉26,拨叉26用于和差速齿轮6啮合,拨叉26中部安装有提供换挡动力的伸缩缸22,伸缩缸22可以提供水平动力,输入轴1与输出轴5相互平行,使拨叉26可以在水平方向进行快速移动,同时,拨叉26向输出轴5方向倾斜延伸,并且,拨叉26端部与输出轴5之间设置有滑动轴承25,可以通过输出轴5对拨叉26受力端进行导向,保证拨叉26快速移动与差速齿轮6啮合时,受到的阻力可以被转移到输出轴5和滑动轴承25之间,对拨叉26提供支撑,快速横移啮合也不会发生偏移,可以有效的缩短拨叉26横移所需时间。
进一步的实施例中,为保证主架821对衬环81和齿套85的接合稳定,参照图5,主架821靠近齿套85一端安装有凸键88,凸键88与内齿槽84内部轮廓造型一致,在接合时进行稳定的接触,衬环81位于主架821远离齿套85一端的外壁设有挡条89,主架821另一端抵接在挡条89处,进行稳定支撑,提高接合时主架821位置稳定性;在断开时,参照图和图7,副板822向衬环81圆周外壁凸出形成有抵压台823,并且抵压台823紧邻副板822与主架821转接位置,尽可能的加长动力臂并缩短阻力臂,在抵压台823挤压在衬环81圆周侧壁时,可以在较小的摆动空间中,通过副板822使主架821与弹簧件87连接一端最大程度的向上翘起,使主架821摆动的驱动力远大于凸键88与内齿槽84内壁的摩擦力,可以快速的完成脱离动作。
进一步的实施例中,参照图6,主架821中部设有轴杆,轴杆靠近弹簧件87设置,可以减小主架821右端上翘所需的动力,并且,在弹簧件87回弹带动主架821与齿套85卡接时,主架821左端转速角速度小于主架821右端转速角速度,所以可以增加主架821右端上翘速度,缩短移动所需时间,衬环81一端设有外翻凸沿,衬环81另一端通过螺纹旋转安装有端环86,安装时,可以通过转动端环86将轴杆压紧在外翻凸沿上,同理,反转端环86便可以拆下露出主架821,可以便于更换维护主架821及弹簧件87等易损的组件。
进一步的实施例中,参照图5-图8,因为摆架82设置多个,可以提高接合紧密程度,并且搭配多个电磁体83,可以减小因某个电磁体83损坏导致的故障,有效的提高使用的容错能力,同时,电磁体83环形阵列布置,相互之间互不干扰,电磁体83端部设有导线,惰轴9沿径向开设有与导线配合的贯穿孔,可以将多个导线收束成一股,便于走线,惰轴9端部安装有与导线电性连接的滑环,滑环采用成品的导电滑环,可以在惰轴9旋转时,不影响从外部的固定插头位置为电磁体83供电,有效保证电磁体83的稳定工作。
进一步的实施例中,为适应拖拉机的多挡位需求,参照图2和图3,两个惰轴9前后布置,换挡机构2还包括多个差速齿轮6和中轴7,差速齿轮6前后错位布置在两个惰轴9圆周侧壁上,中轴7、惰轴9与输入轴1之间相互平行,同时,两个惰轴9圆周外壁均通过轴承与差速齿轮6转动安装,并且,中轴7设置在惰轴9上方并安装有与差速齿轮6啮合的从动轮,两个不同齿数的差速齿轮6与一个从动轮啮合,相当于一个从动轮对应两个挡位,可以充分的利用中轴7长度,设置较多的挡位,充分的利用空间,可以适应较小的车架,实用性更强。
进一步的实施例中,参照图9和图10,拨叉26端部安装有连环23,连环23中部转动安装有啮合套24,拨叉26带动啮合套24左右移动与相邻的差速齿轮6啮合进行传动,啮合套24与惰轴9沿轴向滑动啮合连接,通过啮合套24将惰轴9与差速齿轮6相互固定,同时,啮合套24与差速齿轮6相对应一侧分别设有啮合环,啮合环采用摩擦力,带动差速齿轮6与惰轴9转速相等,随后相互卡接,保证啮合稳定。
进一步的实施例中,参照图11,为减少换挡中的冲击,换挡机构2还包括中继机构4,中继机构4串联于输出轴5与输入轴1之间,中继机构4包括从动壳41和主动壳46,主动壳46端部安装有与输入轴1啮合的传动盘49,从动壳41向输出轴5传递动力,在换挡时,从动壳41与主动壳46之间安装有层叠的摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45,主动壳46与摩擦片一44同步转动,从动壳41与摩擦片二45同步转动,通过摩擦进行柔性连接,可以在冲击较大时,从动壳41与摩擦片二45相对滑动,使从动壳41和主动壳46相对转动一段距离,将较大的冲击进行抵消。
进一步的实施例中,参照图11,从动壳41背向传动盘49一端设置有压板42,从动壳41与压板42通过压簧装配连接,摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45之间通过压簧相互压紧,通过压簧的弹性将摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45相互压紧,可以通过调节压簧的压缩程度,进而改变摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45的预紧力,可以适应不同马力的发动机使用,也可以在压簧出现应力疲劳后进行适应性调节,适用性强;
具体的,在换挡冲击较小且短促时,主动壳46靠近传动盘49一端安装有滑销48,传动盘49对应滑销48处开设有弧形孔43,滑销48于弧形孔43中自由滑动,主动壳46与传动盘49相互滑动连接,在传动时,滑销48端部设置有外径大于弧形孔43内径的限位头,传动盘49与主动壳46之间沿弦向安装有螺旋弹簧47,可以在转速瞬间差距较大传动盘49与主动壳46出现相互旋转时,通过压缩和放松螺旋弹簧47进行瞬间吸收和缓慢释放,有效的减少轻微和短促的冲击,配合摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45,可以对不同程度的冲击进行有效的缓冲,有效的缓解换挡冲击。
需要注意的是,参照图12,传动盘49包括外齿轮和减震盘,减震盘可以减少外齿轮与主动壳46摩擦产生的噪音,提高驾驶舒适性,外齿轮和减震盘对应螺旋弹簧47处设有安装口,并且,主动壳46对应螺旋弹簧47处设有半嵌槽,可以将螺旋弹簧47包裹式安装,防止螺旋弹簧47沿径向形变,保证螺旋弹簧47可以沿轴向被稳定的压缩和回弹。
进一步的实施例中,参照图1和图10,换挡机构2还包括液压阀体21,液压阀体21采用厂家定制的集成式阀板,通过线束与车载电脑板连接,可以根据司机需求,通过按键控制为对应的伸缩缸22提供伸缩动力,完成动力换挡,并且,外壳3内侧下部形成有容油腔,液压阀体21安装于容油腔中,容油腔内有变速箱油,可以对液压阀体21进行浸没时的降温,有效的避免拖拉机频繁换挡导致的液压阀体21过热,外壳3底部设置有油底壳,可以拆卸进行变速箱油更换以及内部结构的检修。
本实施例的工作原理如下,通过在输入轴1与输出轴5之间设置两套离合机构8和两组拨叉26,使用时,通过一个拨叉26接合传动另一个拨叉26居中等待的组合方式,换挡时拨叉26处于相邻差速齿轮6的中间位置,拨叉26接合行程短,节省较多的换挡时间;
在传动状态下,弹簧件87使摆架82右端的凸键88与内齿槽84卡接,衬环81和齿套85形成一个整体,便可以完成动力传输;
在断开过程中,电磁体83通电,吸引主架821和副板822摆动远离齿套85,副板822与主架821于轴杆与衬环81之间的位置转动连接,副板822利用杠杆原理将主架821向远离齿套85方向推动,可以避免齿套85与主架821卡紧脱离缓慢,使主架821被电磁体83磁吸搭配副板822撬动与内齿槽84快速脱离;
在接合过程中,电磁体83断电,因电磁体83吸引弹簧件87会被拉长蓄力,在电磁体83断电瞬间,且弹簧件87与主架821连接,弹簧件87会带动主架821回弹复位,主架821的中空框架结构整体重量轻,弹簧件87回弹可以带动轻质的主架821迅速复位与内齿槽84搭接,可以缩短接合所需的时间;
通过减少拨叉26换挡行程,改进摆架82结构使衬环81和齿套85接合和断开动作迅速流畅,减小离合机构8的动作时间,可以有效的缩减换挡空挡期,减小输出轴5转速衰减程度,缓解换挡冲击;
对于无法通过提高换挡速度减缓的误操作冲击或者短促振动,设置中继机构4,利用摩擦片一44和摩擦片二45配合压簧提供不同的压紧力,适用性强,并配合螺旋弹簧47的伸缩可以使滑动连接的主动壳46和传动盘49,可以吸收并缓慢释放短促的冲击,提高驾驶舒适性。
以上,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,包括输入轴(1)、外壳(3)、输出轴(5)和换挡机构(2),所述输入轴(1)、输出轴(5)和换挡机构(2)安装在外壳(3)中,所述换挡机构(2)使输入轴(1)与输出轴(5)通过不同的传动比传递动力,其特征在于:所述换挡机构(2)包括惰轴(9),所述惰轴(9)设有两个且端部均设有离合机构(8);
所述离合机构(8)包括衬环(81)、齿套(85)和摆架(82),所述齿套(85)圆周内壁开设有等距排列的内齿槽(84),所述摆架(82)包括活动安装在衬环(81)圆周外壁与齿套(85)圆周内壁之间的主架(821),所述衬环(81)圆周外壁位于主架(821)两端分别安装有电磁体(83)和弹簧件(87),所述主架(821)中部摆动安装有副板(822),所述主架(821)与齿套(85)分离时副板(822)挤压衬环(81)将所述主架(821)向远离齿套(85)方向推动;
所述换挡机构(2)还包括拨叉(26),所述拨叉(26)中部安装有提供换挡动力的伸缩缸(22),所述输入轴(1)与输出轴(5)相互平行,所述拨叉(26)向输出轴(5)方向倾斜延伸,所述拨叉(26)端部与输出轴(5)之间设置有滑动轴承(25);
通过在输入轴(1)与输出轴(5)之间设置两套离合机构(8)和两组拨叉(26),离合机构(8)用于将惰轴(9)与输出轴(5)接合和脱离,拨叉(26)位于两个差速齿轮(6)之间,平移便可与不同齿数的差速齿轮(6)啮合,使用时,正常传动状态下,前侧的一组拨叉(26)与差速齿轮(6)啮合将输入轴(1)与输出轴(5)接合,后侧一组拨叉(26)于两个差速齿轮(6)之间呈空转状态,换挡过程中,两个离合机构(8)同时断开,此时后侧空转状态的拨叉(26)横移与差速齿轮(6)啮合,而后侧的离合机构(8)立即动作完成输入轴(1)与输出轴(5)接合,同时前侧的差速齿轮(6)移动到中部转换成空转状态,前侧的离合机构(8)再接合空转等待下次换挡,通过一个拨叉(26)接合传动另一个拨叉(26)居中等待的组合方式,换挡时拨叉(26)行程短,节省较多的换挡时间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述主架(821)中部设有轴杆,所述轴杆靠近弹簧件(87)设置,所述衬环(81)一端设有外翻凸沿,所述衬环(81)另一端通过螺纹旋转安装有端环(86),所述主架(821)通过轴杆与外翻凸沿和端环(86)活动连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述主架(821)靠近齿套(85)一端安装有凸键(88),所述衬环(81)位于主架(821)远离齿套(85)一端的外壁设有挡条(89),所述副板(822)与主架(821)于轴杆与衬环(81)之间的位置转动连接,所述副板(822)向衬环(81)圆周外壁凸出形成有抵压台(823)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述电磁体(83)环形阵列布置,所述电磁体(83)端部设有导线,所述惰轴(9)沿径向开设有与导线配合的贯穿孔,所述惰轴(9)端部安装有与导线电性连接的滑环。
5.根据权利要求1所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述换挡机构(2)还包括多个差速齿轮(6)和中轴(7),所述中轴(7)、惰轴(9)与输入轴(1)之间相互平行,两个所述惰轴(9)圆周外壁均通过轴承与差速齿轮(6)转动安装,所述中轴(7)设置在惰轴(9)上方并安装有与差速齿轮(6)啮合的从动轮。
6.根据权利要求5所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述拨叉(26)端部安装有连环(23),所述连环(23)中部转动安装有啮合套(24),所述啮合套(24)与惰轴(9)沿轴向滑动啮合连接,所述啮合套(24)与差速齿轮(6)相对应一侧分别设有啮合环。
7.根据权利要求1所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述换挡机构(2)还包括中继机构(4),所述中继机构(4)串联于输出轴(5)与输入轴(1)之间,所述中继机构(4)包括从动壳(41)和主动壳(46),所述从动壳(41)与主动壳(46)之间安装有层叠的摩擦片一(44)和摩擦片二(45),所述主动壳(46)端部安装有与输入轴(1)啮合的传动盘(49),所述从动壳(41)向输出轴(5)传递动力。
8.根据权利要求7所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述从动壳(41)背向传动盘(49)一端设置有压板(42),所述从动壳(41)与压板(42)通过压簧装配连接,所述摩擦片一(44)和摩擦片二(45)之间通过压簧相互压紧。
9.根据权利要求7所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述主动壳(46)靠近传动盘(49)一端安装有滑销(48),所述传动盘(49)对应滑销(48)处开设有弧形孔(43),所述滑销(48)于弧形孔(43)中自由滑动,所述传动盘(49)与主动壳(46)之间沿弦向安装有螺旋弹簧(47)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的区段动力换挡功能的变速箱总成,其特征在于,所述换挡机构(2)还包括液压阀体(21),所述液压阀体(21)为伸缩缸(22)伸缩提供动力,所述外壳(3)内侧下部形成有容油腔,所述液压阀体(21)安装于容油腔中,所述容油腔内有变速箱油,所述外壳(3)底部设置有油底壳。
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