CN118532174B - Method and device for reconstructing the structure of inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope - Google Patents
Method and device for reconstructing the structure of inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请公开了一种倾斜‑急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法及装置,该方法包括:针对倾斜‑急倾斜极破碎矿体,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,根据采场尺寸确定采矿方法;根据矿体产状和采场尺寸对待采区域划分矿块;对待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,开拓采准工程包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷及下部出矿巷,支护作业包括孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护、树脂锚杆支护、金属网支护及喷射混凝土支护;基于开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室并进行支护作业;采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行“U”形支护作业,以实现采场结构再造。
The present application discloses a method and device for reconstructing the mining field structure of an inclined, steeply inclined, extremely broken ore body. The method comprises: determining the mining field size of the inclined, steeply inclined, extremely broken ore body under support conditions, and determining the mining method according to the mining field size; dividing the mining area into ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body and the mining field size; conducting advanced development and mining in the mining area, supporting the development and mining engineering completed by the advanced development and mining, and constructing inclined drainage holes, wherein the development and mining engineering comprises segmented tunnels, mine exit access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels, and the support operations comprise hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support, resin anchor rod support, metal mesh support, and shotcrete support; constructing a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber based on the development and mining engineering and performing support operations; and performing "U"-shaped support operations on the upper plate surrounding rock and the lower plate surrounding rock using a hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable, so as to realize the reconstruction of the mining field structure.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及金属矿采矿技术领域,尤其是涉及到一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法及装置、存储介质、计算机设备。The present application relates to the technical field of metal mining, and in particular to a method and device for reconstructing the structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope, a storage medium, and a computer device.
背景技术Background Art
对于矿体与上下盘围岩均破碎的倾斜-急倾斜矿体,一般采用进路充填采矿法或分层充填采矿法进行回采,存在采场生产能力偏低,采切工程量大,采切成本较高,开采工作效率低下的问题,难以实现规模化开采。采用大采场结构参数的中深孔采矿方法可以大大降低采矿成本,提高回采效率,但其采场围岩稳定性控制难度较大,尤其是上下盘围岩稳定性的控制。采场结构的稳定性是相互影响的,例如上下盘围岩的失稳将会导致采场实际跨度变大,进而诱发采场顶板失稳垮塌,造成矿石损失贫化,甚至无法采出;因此,对于矿体与上下盘围岩均破碎的倾斜-急倾斜矿体开采,顶板与上下盘围岩稳定性的有效控制,实现极破碎矿体采场结构再造成为限制该类矿体安全、高效、低成本、规模化开采的关键所在。For inclined and steeply inclined ore bodies where both the ore body and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates are broken, the entry filling mining method or the layered filling mining method is generally used for recovery. There are problems such as low production capacity of the stope, large mining and cutting engineering volume, high mining and cutting costs, and low mining efficiency, which makes it difficult to achieve large-scale mining. The medium-deep hole mining method with large stope structure parameters can greatly reduce mining costs and improve recovery efficiency, but it is difficult to control the stability of the stope surrounding rocks, especially the stability of the upper and lower plates. The stability of the stope structure is mutually influential. For example, the instability of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates will lead to the increase of the actual span of the stope, and then induce the instability and collapse of the stope roof, resulting in ore loss and dilution, or even inability to be mined; therefore, for the mining of inclined and steeply inclined ore bodies where both the ore body and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates are broken, the effective control of the stability of the roof and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower plates, and the reconstruction of the stope structure of extremely broken ore bodies are the key to restricting the safe, efficient, low-cost and large-scale mining of such ore bodies.
针对矿体与上下盘围岩均破碎采场围岩稳定性控制难题,申请号为202110154495.3、202010152997.8的专利均提出相应的技术方案,但上述技术方案仅适用于薄矿脉回采,且支护时需要施工人员进入采空区,这就导致上述技术方案不适用于大采场结构参数的中深孔采矿方法;申请号为202110051708.X的专利提出了一种在上盘围岩和下盘围岩分别施工预加固长锚杆并进行注浆的技术方案,但上述技术方案由于缺乏锚索锚固,仅依靠注浆和加固长锚杆进行支护,不适用于“松软破碎”岩体,在采动作用下,极易发生上下盘围岩的大规模失稳;申请号为201310404154.2的专利提出了一种利用多功能巷道布置扇形中深孔,同时利用扇形中深孔进行围岩注浆加固与锚索支护工程的技术方案,但该方案存在上下盘围岩支护作业落后于爆破落矿作业和无法将锚固集中力转化成分布应力的缺点,难以实现“松软破碎”岩体的有效支护。此外,现有技术方案往往以注浆加固、锚索(锚杆)支护为围岩稳定性控制的主要方法,忽略了地下水对岩体稳定性的影响,“松软破碎”岩体往往具有较强的水理性,地下水对其强度具有明显的弱化作用,呈现出遇水成泥的特性,因此“松软破碎”岩体的稳定性控制方案应当考虑地下水的影响。In response to the problem of controlling the stability of the surrounding rock in a mine where both the ore body and the upper and lower surrounding rocks are broken, patents with application numbers 202110154495.3 and 202010152997.8 have proposed corresponding technical solutions. However, the above-mentioned technical solutions are only applicable to the mining of thin ore veins, and construction personnel need to enter the goaf during support. This makes the above-mentioned technical solutions unsuitable for medium-deep hole mining methods with large mine structure parameters. Patents with application number 202110051708.X propose a technical solution for constructing pre-reinforced long anchor rods in the upper and lower surrounding rocks respectively and performing grouting. However, the above-mentioned technical solutions are only applicable to the mining of thin ore veins, and construction personnel need to enter the goaf during support. The technical scheme lacks anchor cable anchoring and only relies on grouting and reinforcing long anchor rods for support, which is not suitable for "soft and broken" rock mass. Under the action of mining, large-scale instability of the upper and lower surrounding rocks is very likely to occur; the patent with application number 201310404154.2 proposes a technical scheme that uses fan-shaped medium-deep holes in multifunctional tunnels and uses fan-shaped medium-deep holes for surrounding rock grouting reinforcement and anchor cable support engineering. However, this scheme has the disadvantages that the upper and lower surrounding rock support operations lag behind the blasting and mining operations and cannot convert the concentrated anchoring force into distributed stress, making it difficult to achieve effective support for "soft and broken" rock mass. In addition, the existing technical schemes often use grouting reinforcement and anchor cable (anchor rod) support as the main methods for surrounding rock stability control, ignoring the influence of groundwater on rock mass stability. "Soft and broken" rock mass often has strong water resistance, and groundwater has a significant weakening effect on its strength, showing the characteristic of turning into mud when encountering water. Therefore, the stability control scheme of "soft and broken" rock mass should consider the influence of groundwater.
有鉴于此,为适应倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体安全高效规模化开采的需求,亟需开发一种充分考虑“松软破碎”岩体特性的稳定性控制方案,实现倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造。In view of this, in order to meet the needs of safe, efficient and large-scale mining of inclined and steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies, it is urgent to develop a stability control scheme that fully considers the characteristics of "soft and broken" rock masses and realize the reconstruction of the mining field structure of inclined and steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此,本申请实施例提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法及装置、存储介质、计算机设备,提供一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法,通过采用超前开拓采准联合排水孔技术实现待采区域岩体的超前疏水,达到“松软破碎”岩体疏水补强的目的,同时采用“U”形孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索实现上下盘围岩的超前支护,并将锚固集中力转化成分布应力,进而实现“松软破碎”岩体的有效支护;采场顶板则采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索+树脂锚杆+金属网+喷射混凝土的支护方式,实现了倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造的目的,增大了采场尺寸,满足了倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体安全高效规模化开采的需求。In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for reconstructing the mining field structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, a storage medium, and a computer device, and provide a method for reconstructing the mining field structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body. By adopting the advanced development and mining combined with drainage hole technology, the advanced drainage of the rock mass in the to-be-mined area is achieved, so as to achieve the purpose of drainage and reinforcement of the "soft and broken" rock mass. At the same time, a "U"-shaped hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable is adopted to achieve advanced support of the upper and lower surrounding rocks, and the concentrated anchoring force is converted into distributed stress, thereby achieving effective support for the "soft and broken" rock mass; the mining field roof adopts a support method of a hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable + resin anchor rod + metal mesh + shotcrete, which achieves the purpose of reconstructing the mining field structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, increases the mining field size, and meets the needs of safe, efficient and large-scale mining of inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies.
根据本申请的一个方面,提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法,所述方法包括:According to one aspect of the present application, a method for reconstructing an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope structure is provided, the method comprising:
针对倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,并根据所述采场尺寸确定采矿方法;For inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies, determine the stope size of the ore body under support conditions, and determine the mining method based on the stope size;
确定矿体的待采区域,并根据矿体产状和所述采场尺寸对所述待采区域划分矿块;Determine the area to be mined of the ore body, and divide the area to be mined into ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body and the size of the stope;
基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,其中,所述开拓采准工程包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷以及下部出矿巷,所述支护作业包括孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护、树脂锚杆支护、金属网支护以及喷射混凝土支护;Based on the divided ore blocks, advance development and mining are carried out in the area to be mined, support operations are carried out on the development and mining projects completed in advance, and inclined drainage holes are constructed, wherein the development and mining projects include segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine access tunnels, and the support operations include fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole, resin anchor support, metal mesh support, and shotcrete support;
基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业;Based on the development and mining project, a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber are constructed, and support operations are performed on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber;
采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行“U”形支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,以便按照所述采矿方法基于结构再造后的采场进行采场切割、回采和充填。A "U"-shaped support operation is carried out on the upper and lower surrounding rocks by using a high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole to achieve the reconstruction of the stope structure so that stope cutting, mining and filling can be carried out based on the stope after structural reconstruction according to the mining method.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,包括:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, determining the stope size of the ore body under support conditions includes:
根据矿体平均厚度和分段高度,通过稳定性图表得到采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径;According to the average thickness and segment height of the ore body, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions are obtained through the stability chart;
确定所述采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、所述上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及所述下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径中的最小值作为采场尺寸的设计依据,基于所述最小值对应的临界稳定水力半径的采场结构种类,确定所述采场结构种类支护后能够保持稳定的最大长度;Determine the minimum value of the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions as the design basis for the stope size, and determine the maximum length of the stope structure type that can remain stable after support based on the stope structure type with the critical stable hydraulic radius corresponding to the minimum value;
将所述最大长度、所述采场的分段高度、所述采场的矿体平均厚度分别作为所述采场对应的长、高、宽,得到所述采场尺寸。The maximum length, the segmented height of the stope, and the average thickness of the ore body in the stope are respectively used as the length, height, and width corresponding to the stope to obtain the stope size.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,包括:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, based on the divided ore blocks, the area to be mined is advanced developed and mined, support operations are performed on the advanced developed and mined project, and inclined drainage holes are constructed, including:
基于划分的矿块,以三心拱形式对所述待采区域施工分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷、以及下部出矿巷;Based on the divided ore blocks, segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels are constructed in the form of three-center arches in the area to be mined;
针对所述开拓采准工程进行以下支护作业:以第一预设长锚索长度和第一预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第一预设树脂锚杆网度和第一预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第一预设直径钢筋按照第一预设网格尺度和第一预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第一预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业;The following support operations are performed for the development and mining project: support operations of bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support with a first preset long anchor cable length and a first preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with a first preset resin anchor rod mesh size and a first preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with steel bars of a first preset diameter according to a first preset mesh size and a first preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with a first preset shotcrete coagulation thickness;
以预设孔径、预设排水孔深度以及预设排水空仰斜角度施工仰斜式排水孔。The inclined drainage hole is constructed with a preset hole diameter, a preset drainage hole depth and a preset drainage hole inclination angle.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业,包括:In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, constructing a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber based on the development and mining project, and performing support operations on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber, including:
对所述上部通风充填巷进行扩帮以形成预设凿岩硐室尺寸的所述凿岩硐室,以及对所述下部出矿巷进行扩帮以形成预设拉底硐室尺寸的所述拉底硐室;Expanding the upper ventilation and filling tunnel to form the rock drilling chamber with a preset rock drilling chamber size, and expanding the lower mining tunnel to form the bottom pulling chamber with a preset bottom pulling chamber size;
针对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行以下支护作业:以第二预设长锚索长度和第二预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第二预设树脂锚杆网度和第二预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第二预设直径钢筋按照第二预设网格尺度和第二预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第二预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业。The following support operations are performed on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber: support operations of fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole with the second preset long anchor cable length and the second preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with the second preset resin anchor rod mesh size and the second preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with second preset diameter steel bars according to the second preset mesh size and the second preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with the second preset shotcrete thickness.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行“U”形支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,包括:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, a high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole is used to perform a "U"-shaped support operation on the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock to achieve the reconstruction of the stope structure, including:
分别在矿体与上盘围岩交界处以及矿体与下盘围岩交界处由凿岩硐室沿着矿体倾角方向施工下向锚索孔,分别由凿岩硐室和拉底硐室向上盘围岩和下盘围岩施工与所述下向锚索孔的位置一一对应的围岩锚索孔;Downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber along the inclination direction of the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the upper wall surrounding rock and at the junction of the ore body and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively, and surrounding rock anchor cable holes corresponding to the positions of the downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber to the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively;
在所述围岩锚索孔内安装孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索,在所述下向锚索孔内安装竖向钢绞线并进行高压注浆;Installing a bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable in the surrounding rock anchor cable hole, installing a vertical steel strand in the downward anchor cable hole and performing high-pressure grouting;
将竖向钢绞线与对应的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索张拉连接,以使相邻的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索通过竖向钢绞线构成“U”形支护结构,提供对上盘围岩和下盘围岩的超前支护,实现采场结构再造。The vertical steel strands are tensioned and connected with the corresponding long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole, so that the adjacent long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole form a "U"-shaped support structure through the vertical steel strands, providing advanced support for the upper and lower surrounding rocks and realizing the reconstruction of the mining field structure.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述围岩锚索孔方向与围岩层理方向垂直;所述下向锚索孔深度为中段高度;所述围岩锚索孔深度为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍;所述下向锚索孔和所述围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同;所述竖向钢绞线露出孔口1.8~2.5m。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the direction of the surrounding rock anchor hole is perpendicular to the bedding direction of the surrounding rock; the depth of the downward anchor hole is the middle height; the depth of the surrounding rock anchor hole is 1.5 times the depth of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock; the hole spacing between the downward anchor hole and the surrounding rock anchor hole is the same; the vertical steel strand is exposed 1.8~2.5m from the hole mouth.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,按照所述采矿方法基于结构再造后的采场进行采场切割、回采和充填,包括:In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, according to the mining method, stope cutting, mining and filling are performed based on the stope after structural reconstruction, including:
在采场端部采用中深孔一次成井法爆破形成切割井,基于所述切割井提供的自由面和补偿空间采用下向平行中深孔爆破形成切割槽,基于所述切割槽提供自由面和补偿空间进行回采爆破,其中,回采爆破采用下向平行中深孔分段序次爆破落矿,回采爆破的下向平行中深孔的炮孔倾角与矿体倾角一致;A cutting well is formed by blasting a medium-long hole at the end of the stope, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting a downward parallel medium-long hole based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting well. Recovery blasting is performed based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting groove, wherein the recovery blasting adopts a stepwise sequential blasting of downward parallel medium-long holes to drop the ore, and the inclination angle of the blasthole of the downward parallel medium-long hole of the recovery blasting is consistent with the inclination angle of the ore body;
利用流经下部出矿巷的气体对所述采场进行清洗,以使清洗后产生的污浊气体经由上部通风充填巷排出;The stope is cleaned by using the gas flowing through the lower mine exit tunnel, so that the dirty gas generated after cleaning is discharged through the upper ventilation filling tunnel;
使用铲运机和遥控铲运机对崩落矿石进行出矿,运出地表;Use scrapers and remote-controlled loaders to remove caved ore and transport it to the surface;
利用充填管道由上部通风充填巷对采空区进行充填。The goaf is filled via the upper ventilation filling tunnel using the filling pipe.
根据本申请的另一方面,提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造装置,所述装置包括:According to another aspect of the present application, a device for reconstructing an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope structure is provided, the device comprising:
尺寸确定模块,用于针对倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,并根据所述采场尺寸确定采矿方法;A size determination module, for determining the stope size of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body under support conditions, and determining a mining method according to the stope size;
划分模块,用于确定矿体的待采区域,并根据矿体产状和所述采场尺寸对所述待采区域划分矿块;A division module, used to determine the area to be mined of the ore body, and divide the area to be mined into ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body and the size of the stope;
施工模块,用于基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,其中,所述开拓采准工程包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷以及下部出矿巷,所述支护作业包括孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护、树脂锚杆支护、金属网支护以及喷射混凝土支护;A construction module is used to carry out advanced development and mining of the area to be mined based on the divided ore blocks, to carry out support operations on the development and mining projects completed through advanced development and mining, and to construct inclined drainage holes, wherein the development and mining projects include segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine access tunnels, and the support operations include fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole, resin anchor support, metal mesh support, and shotcrete support;
所述施工模块,还用于基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业;The construction module is also used to construct a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber based on the development and mining project, and to perform support operations on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber;
所述施工模块,还用于采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行“U”形支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,以便按照所述采矿方法基于结构再造后的采场进行采场切割、回采和充填。The construction module is also used to perform "U"-shaped support operations on the upper and lower surrounding rocks using long high-prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole to achieve mining field structure reconstruction, so as to carry out mining field cutting, backfilling and filling based on the mining field after structural reconstruction according to the mining method.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述尺寸确定模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the size determination module is used to:
根据矿体平均厚度和分段高度,通过稳定性图表得到采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径;According to the average thickness and segment height of the ore body, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions are obtained through the stability chart;
确定所述采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、所述上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及所述下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径中的最小值作为采场尺寸的设计依据,基于所述最小值对应的临界稳定水力半径的采场结构种类,确定所述采场结构种类支护后能够保持稳定的最大长度;Determine the minimum value of the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions as the design basis for the stope size, and determine the maximum length of the stope structure type that can remain stable after support based on the stope structure type with the critical stable hydraulic radius corresponding to the minimum value;
将所述最大长度、所述采场的分段高度、所述采场的矿体平均厚度分别作为所述采场对应的长、高、宽,得到所述采场尺寸。The maximum length, the segmented height of the stope, and the average thickness of the ore body in the stope are respectively used as the length, height, and width corresponding to the stope to obtain the stope size.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
基于划分的矿块,以三心拱形式对所述待采区域施工分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷、以及下部出矿巷;Based on the divided ore blocks, segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels are constructed in the form of three-center arches in the area to be mined;
针对所述开拓采准工程进行以下支护作业:以第一预设长锚索长度和第一预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第一预设树脂锚杆网度和第一预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第一预设直径钢筋按照第一预设网格尺度和第一预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第一预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业;The following support operations are performed for the development and mining project: support operations of bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support with a first preset long anchor cable length and a first preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with a first preset resin anchor rod mesh size and a first preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with steel bars of a first preset diameter according to a first preset mesh size and a first preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with a first preset shotcrete coagulation thickness;
以预设孔径、预设排水孔深度以及预设排水空仰斜角度施工仰斜式排水孔。The inclined drainage hole is constructed with a preset hole diameter, a preset drainage hole depth and a preset drainage hole inclination angle.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
对所述上部通风充填巷进行扩帮以形成预设凿岩硐室尺寸的所述凿岩硐室,以及对所述下部出矿巷进行扩帮以形成预设拉底硐室尺寸的所述拉底硐室;Expanding the upper ventilation and filling tunnel to form the rock drilling chamber with a preset rock drilling chamber size, and expanding the lower mining tunnel to form the bottom pulling chamber with a preset bottom pulling chamber size;
针对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行以下支护作业:以第二预设长锚索长度和第二预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第二预设树脂锚杆网度和第二预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第二预设直径钢筋按照第二预设网格尺度和第二预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第二预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业。The following support operations are performed on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber: support operations of fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole with the second preset long anchor cable length and the second preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with the second preset resin anchor rod mesh size and the second preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with second preset diameter steel bars according to the second preset mesh size and the second preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with the second preset shotcrete thickness.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
分别在矿体与上盘围岩交界处以及矿体与下盘围岩交界处由凿岩硐室沿着矿体倾角方向施工下向锚索孔,分别由凿岩硐室和拉底硐室向上盘围岩和下盘围岩施工与所述下向锚索孔的位置一一对应的围岩锚索孔;Downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber along the inclination direction of the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the upper wall surrounding rock and at the junction of the ore body and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively, and surrounding rock anchor cable holes corresponding to the positions of the downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber to the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively;
在所述围岩锚索孔内安装孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索,在所述下向锚索孔内安装竖向钢绞线并进行高压注浆;Installing a bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable in the surrounding rock anchor cable hole, installing a vertical steel strand in the downward anchor cable hole and performing high-pressure grouting;
将竖向钢绞线与对应的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索张拉连接,以使相邻的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索通过竖向钢绞线构成“U”形支护结构,提供对上盘围岩和下盘围岩的超前支护,实现采场结构再造。The vertical steel strands are tensioned and connected with the corresponding long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole, so that the adjacent long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole form a "U"-shaped support structure through the vertical steel strands, providing advanced support for the upper and lower surrounding rocks and realizing the reconstruction of the mining field structure.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述围岩锚索孔方向与围岩层理方向垂直;所述下向锚索孔深度为中段高度;所述围岩锚索孔深度为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍;所述下向锚索孔和所述围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同;所述竖向钢绞线露出孔口1.8~2.5m。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the direction of the surrounding rock anchor hole is perpendicular to the bedding direction of the surrounding rock; the depth of the downward anchor hole is the middle height; the depth of the surrounding rock anchor hole is 1.5 times the depth of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock; the hole spacing between the downward anchor hole and the surrounding rock anchor hole is the same; the vertical steel strand is exposed 1.8~2.5m from the hole mouth.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
在采场端部采用中深孔一次成井法爆破形成切割井,基于所述切割井提供的自由面和补偿空间采用下向平行中深孔爆破形成切割槽,基于所述切割槽提供自由面和补偿空间进行回采爆破,其中,回采爆破采用下向平行中深孔分段序次爆破落矿,回采爆破的下向平行中深孔的炮孔倾角与矿体倾角一致;A cutting well is formed by blasting a medium-long hole at the end of the stope, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting a downward parallel medium-long hole based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting well. Recovery blasting is performed based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting groove, wherein the recovery blasting adopts a stepwise sequential blasting of downward parallel medium-long holes to drop the ore, and the inclination angle of the blasthole of the downward parallel medium-long hole of the recovery blasting is consistent with the inclination angle of the ore body;
利用流经下部出矿巷的气体对所述采场进行清洗,以使清洗后产生的污浊气体经由上部通风充填巷排出;The stope is cleaned by using the gas flowing through the lower mine exit tunnel, so that the dirty gas generated after cleaning is discharged through the upper ventilation filling tunnel;
使用铲运机和遥控铲运机对崩落矿石进行出矿,运出地表;Use scrapers and remote-controlled loaders to remove caved ore and transport it to the surface;
利用充填管道由上部通风充填巷对采空区进行充填。The goaf is filled via the upper ventilation filling tunnel using the filling pipe.
依据本申请又一个方面,提供了一种存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,所述程序被处理器执行时实现上述倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法。According to another aspect of the present application, a storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope structure reconstruction method is implemented.
依据本申请再一个方面,提供了一种计算机设备,包括存储介质、处理器及存储在存储介质上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述程序时实现上述倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法。According to another aspect of the present application, a computer device is provided, including a storage medium, a processor, and a computer program stored on the storage medium and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above-mentioned method for reconstructing the structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body mining area when executing the program.
借由上述技术方案,本申请实施例提供的一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法及装置、存储介质、计算机设备,解决了上下盘围岩和矿体均为“松软破碎”岩体条件下矿体安全高效回采的技术难题,实现了“松软破碎”岩体条件下的采场结构再造。通过将超前疏水与“U”形孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护技术相结合,充分考虑“松软破碎”岩体的水理性质,实现了岩体的疏水补强,“U”形孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索可以将锚固集中力转化为分布应力,同时注浆可以进一步加固破碎围岩,孔底固定装置可以快速提供预应力,实现开挖面应力的快速补偿,阻碍围岩塑性区的发展,进而实现了“松软破碎”岩体的有效支护,克服了现有技术方案的缺点。本申请可以增大倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体的采场尺寸,进而实现倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体的安全、高效、绿色、规模化开采。By means of the above technical scheme, the embodiment of the present application provides a method and device for reconstructing the structure of a mining site of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, a storage medium, and a computer device, which solves the technical problem of safe and efficient mining of the ore body under the condition that the upper and lower surrounding rocks and the ore body are both "soft and broken" rock bodies, and realizes the reconstruction of the mining site structure under the condition of "soft and broken" rock bodies. By combining the advanced drainage with the "U"-shaped hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support technology, the hydraulic properties of the "soft and broken" rock body are fully considered, and the drainage reinforcement of the rock body is realized. The "U"-shaped hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable can convert the anchoring concentrated force into distributed stress, and the grouting can further reinforce the broken surrounding rock. The bottom fixing device of the hole can quickly provide prestress, realize the rapid compensation of the excavation surface stress, hinder the development of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock, and then realize the effective support of the "soft and broken" rock body, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technical solutions. The present application can increase the mining site size of the inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, and then realize the safe, efficient, green, and large-scale mining of the inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body.
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请,并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中:The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:
图1示出了本申请实施例提供的一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法的流程示意图;FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for reconstructing an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图2示出了本申请实施例提供的一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造装置的结构示意图。FIG2 shows a schematic structural diagram of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope structure reconstruction device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
倾斜至急倾斜极破碎矿体是一种具有特殊地质特征的矿床类型,这类矿体的特点可以从以下几个方面来理解:Inclined to steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies are a type of ore deposit with special geological characteristics. The characteristics of this type of ore body can be understood from the following aspects:
1.倾斜角度:倾斜矿体指的是矿体的倾斜角度一般在30°到55°之间,而急倾斜矿体的角度则大于55°。这些角度的定义可能因不同的文献和行业标准而有所变化,但总体上,急倾斜矿体指的是那些几乎垂直或者接近垂直的矿体。1. Inclination Angle: Inclination ore bodies refer to ore bodies with an inclination angle generally between 30° and 55°, while steeply inclined ore bodies have an angle greater than 55°. The definitions of these angles may vary depending on different literature and industry standards, but in general, steeply inclined ore bodies refer to those that are almost vertical or close to vertical.
2.破碎程度:极破碎意味着矿体的岩石结构非常不稳定,存在大量的裂隙、断层和破碎带,这可能是由于地质构造活动导致的。这种破碎性使得矿体的强度和稳定性大大降低,增加了开采的难度和危险性。2. Degree of fragmentation: Extreme fragmentation means that the rock structure of the ore body is very unstable, with a large number of cracks, faults and broken zones, which may be caused by geological tectonic activities. This fragmentation greatly reduces the strength and stability of the ore body, increasing the difficulty and danger of mining.
3.开采挑战:开采这类矿体时面临的主要挑战包括:矿体的不稳定性和易坍塌性,这要求使用特殊的开采技术和支护措施来确保人员安全和开采效率。控制地压和防止围岩垮塌,这可能需要采用先进的监测系统和预测模型。降低贫化率和提高回收率,因为破碎的矿石容易混入废石,影响矿石品质。管理地下水和控制粉尘,破碎的矿体容易积水并产生大量粉尘。3. Mining challenges: The main challenges faced when mining this type of ore body include: the instability and collapse of the ore body, which requires the use of special mining techniques and support measures to ensure personnel safety and mining efficiency. Control ground pressure and prevent surrounding rock collapse, which may require the use of advanced monitoring systems and predictive models. Reduce the dilution rate and increase the recovery rate, because broken ore is easily mixed with waste rock, affecting the quality of the ore. Manage groundwater and control dust, broken ore bodies are prone to water accumulation and generate a lot of dust.
这些矿体的开采往往需要定制化的方案,结合最新的技术和工程实践,以确保在保证安全的同时实现经济效益。Mining these ore bodies often requires customized solutions that incorporate the latest technologies and engineering practices to ensure economic benefits while ensuring safety.
在本实施例中提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法,如图1所示,该方法包括:In this embodiment, a method for reconstructing the stope structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body is provided, as shown in FIG1 , and the method comprises:
步骤101,针对倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,并根据所述采场尺寸确定采矿方法。Step 101, for an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, determine the stope size of the ore body under support conditions, and determine a mining method according to the stope size.
本申请实施例中,首先,确定在支护条件下可行的采场尺寸,具体可以根据根据岩体质量、采动地压矿体的物理力学性质、倾斜角度、破碎程度以及现有支护技术的能力等条件来进行确定。随后,基于采场尺寸,选择最适合该矿体条件的采矿方法,如房柱法、充填法、中深孔嗣后充填采矿法或其他特殊采矿法,以确保采矿作业的安全性和经济性。例如采用中深孔嗣后充填采矿法。In the embodiment of the present application, first, the feasible stope size under the support conditions is determined, which can be determined according to the rock mass quality, the physical and mechanical properties of the mining ground pressure ore body, the inclination angle, the degree of crushing, and the capacity of the existing support technology. Then, based on the stope size, the most suitable mining method for the ore body conditions is selected, such as the room-and-pillar method, the backfill method, the medium-deep hole backfill mining method or other special mining methods to ensure the safety and economy of the mining operation. For example, the medium-deep hole backfill mining method is used.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,包括:根据矿体平均厚度和分段高度,通过稳定性图表得到采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径;确定所述采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、所述上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及所述下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径中的最小值作为采场尺寸的设计依据,基于所述最小值对应的临界稳定水力半径的采场结构种类,确定所述采场结构种类支护后能够保持稳定的最大长度;将所述最大长度、所述采场的分段高度、所述采场的矿体平均厚度分别作为所述采场对应的长、高、宽,得到所述采场尺寸。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, determining the size of a mine under support conditions of an ore body includes: obtaining, through a stability diagram, the critical stable hydraulic radius of a mine roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of an upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of a lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions according to an average thickness and segmented height of the ore body; determining the minimum value of the critical stable hydraulic radius of the mine roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions as a design basis for the size of the mine, and determining the maximum length of the mine structure type that can remain stable after support based on the type of mine structure corresponding to the critical stable hydraulic radius of the minimum value; and using the maximum length, the segmented height of the mine, and the average thickness of the ore body of the mine as the length, height, and width corresponding to the mine, respectively, to obtain the size of the mine.
在该实施例中,矿体平均厚度是指矿体沿水平方向上的平均厚度,是设计采场宽度的重要参数。分段高度:考虑到矿体的稳定性,采场通常被划分为多个分段,每个分段的高度需要根据矿体的力学性质和支护能力确定。临界稳定水力半径是指在给定支护条件下,顶板、上盘围岩和下盘围岩能够保持稳定的最大跨度。这个数值可以通过经验公式、实验室测试或现场监测数据得出,也可以参考稳定性图表,该图表通常基于大量工程实践和理论计算生成,反映了不同岩石类型、支护方式和应力状态下的稳定性关系。在顶板、上盘围岩和下盘围岩的临界稳定水力半径中,选择最小的那个作为设计依据。这是因为最小的临界稳定水力半径代表了最薄弱的环节,决定了整个采场的稳定性。根据选取的临界稳定水力半径对应的采场结构种类,计算出在支护后能够保持稳定的最大长度。这个长度受到围岩稳定性、支护材料和施工工艺等因素的影响。最大稳定长度、分段高度和矿体平均厚度分别作为采场的长、高、宽,构成了采场的基本尺寸。这些参数的组合确保了在支护条件下,采场能够在开采过程中保持稳定,避免地质灾害的发生。通过这种方式,可以在保证安全的前提下,最大化采场的开采效率和资源回收率。In this embodiment, the average thickness of the ore body refers to the average thickness of the ore body in the horizontal direction, which is an important parameter for designing the width of the stope. Segment height: Considering the stability of the ore body, the stope is usually divided into multiple segments, and the height of each segment needs to be determined according to the mechanical properties and support capacity of the ore body. The critical stable hydraulic radius refers to the maximum span that the roof, the hanging wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock can maintain stability under given support conditions. This value can be obtained through empirical formulas, laboratory tests or field monitoring data, or by referring to stability charts, which are usually generated based on a large number of engineering practices and theoretical calculations, reflecting the stability relationship under different rock types, support methods and stress states. Among the critical stable hydraulic radii of the roof, the hanging wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock, the smallest one is selected as the design basis. This is because the smallest critical stable hydraulic radius represents the weakest link and determines the stability of the entire stope. According to the type of stope structure corresponding to the selected critical stable hydraulic radius, the maximum length that can remain stable after support is calculated. This length is affected by factors such as surrounding rock stability, support materials and construction technology. The maximum stable length, segment height and average thickness of the ore body are respectively the length, height and width of the stope, which constitute the basic dimensions of the stope. The combination of these parameters ensures that the stope can remain stable during the mining process under support conditions and avoid geological disasters. In this way, the mining efficiency and resource recovery rate of the stope can be maximized while ensuring safety.
步骤102,确定矿体的待采区域,并根据矿体产状和所述采场尺寸对所述待采区域划分矿块。Step 102, determining the area to be mined of the ore body, and dividing the area to be mined into ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body and the size of the stope.
本申请实施例中,根据矿体的产状(即矿体的空间形态和位置)和之前确定的采场尺寸,将待采区域划分为多个可管理的矿块。矿块的划分有助于后续的采矿规划和作业管理,确保资源的有效开采。In the embodiment of the present application, the area to be mined is divided into a plurality of manageable ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body (i.e., the spatial form and position of the ore body) and the previously determined stope size. The division of ore blocks facilitates subsequent mining planning and operation management, ensuring the effective exploitation of resources.
步骤103,基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,其中,所述开拓采准工程包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷以及下部出矿巷,所述支护作业包括孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护、树脂锚杆支护、金属网支护以及喷射混凝土支护。Step 103, based on the divided ore blocks, advance development and mining are carried out for the area to be mined, support operations are carried out for the development and mining projects completed by advance development and mining, and inclined drainage holes are constructed, wherein the development and mining projects include segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine access tunnels, and the support operations include fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole, resin anchor support, metal mesh support, and shotcrete support.
本申请实施例中,对于划分好的矿块,首先进行超前开拓采准工作,建立必要的巷道和通道,包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷和下部出矿巷。随后,对这些开拓采准工程进行支护作业,使用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索、树脂锚杆、金属网和喷射混凝土等手段加强围岩稳定性,预防坍塌事故。施工仰斜式排水孔,用于排出围岩内部水分,保持围岩干燥,防止围岩泥化,减少安全隐患。其中支护参数根据岩体稳定性情况确定,例如排水孔孔径为80~120mm,排水孔深度以穿入围岩25m左右为宜,排水孔仰斜角度为5°~70°。In the embodiment of the present application, for the divided ore blocks, advance development and mining work is first carried out to establish necessary tunnels and passages, including segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels. Subsequently, support operations are carried out on these development and mining projects, and high prestressed grouting long anchor cables, resin anchors, metal meshes, and shotcrete fixed at the bottom of the hole are used to strengthen the stability of the surrounding rock and prevent collapse accidents. An inclined drainage hole is constructed to discharge moisture from the surrounding rock, keep the surrounding rock dry, prevent mudification of the surrounding rock, and reduce safety hazards. The support parameters are determined according to the stability of the rock mass. For example, the diameter of the drainage hole is 80~120mm, the depth of the drainage hole is preferably about 25m into the surrounding rock, and the drainage hole is inclined at an angle of 5°~70°.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,包括:基于划分的矿块,以三心拱形式对所述待采区域施工分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷、以及下部出矿巷;针对所述开拓采准工程进行以下支护作业:以第一预设长锚索长度和第一预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第一预设树脂锚杆网度和第一预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第一预设直径钢筋按照第一预设网格尺度和第一预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第一预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业;以预设孔径、预设排水孔深度以及预设排水空仰斜角度施工仰斜式排水孔。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, based on the divided ore blocks, the area to be mined is advanced developed and mined, support operations are performed on the development and mining projects completed by the advanced developed and mined, and inclined drainage holes are constructed, including: based on the divided ore blocks, segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels are constructed in the form of three-center arches in the area to be mined; the following support operations are performed on the development and mining projects: support operations of fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole with a first preset long anchor cable length and a first preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor cable support with a first preset resin anchor cable mesh size and a first preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with a first preset diameter steel bar according to a first preset grid size and a first preset grid shape, and support operations of sprayed concrete support with a first preset sprayed concrete thickness; inclined drainage holes are constructed with a preset hole diameter, a preset drainage hole depth, and a preset drainage hole inclination angle.
在上述实施例中,根据划分的矿块,以三心拱形式(一种常用的地下巷道断面形式,具有较好的稳定性和抗压能力)施工分段巷道。这些巷道将贯穿整个矿块,为后续的采矿作业提供通道。出矿进路:在分段巷道之间或特定位置,施工出矿进路,用于矿石的运输。上部通风充填巷:为了保障矿块内的通风和后续充填作业,需施工上部通风充填巷。下部出矿巷:作为矿石运出的另一条主要通道,下部出矿巷的施工同样重要。为了确保开拓采准工程的结构稳定和安全,需进行以下支护作业:孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护:使用预设的长锚索长度和网度,将长锚索端部固定在孔底,并通过注浆加固,形成强大的锚固系统,提高围岩的稳定性。树脂锚杆支护:按照预设的树脂锚杆网度和杆体长度,将树脂锚杆打入围岩中,通过树脂的固化作用,将锚杆与围岩紧密连接,增强支护效果。金属网支护:使用预设直径的钢筋,按照预设的网格尺度和形状焊接成金属网,铺设在围岩表面,防止岩石碎块掉落,增加整体支护强度。喷射混凝土支护:在支护好的围岩表面喷射一定厚度的混凝土,形成一层坚固的保护层,提高巷道的整体承载能力和耐久性。进一步进行仰斜式排水孔施工。根据预设的孔径、排水孔深度和仰斜角度,施工仰斜式排水孔。这些参数的选择需考虑矿体的地质条件、水文状况以及排水需求。仰斜式排水孔能够有效排出围岩内的积水,防止围岩泥化,保障采矿作业的安全进行。这一系列超前开拓采准、支护作业及排水孔施工措施,共同构成了倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造的重要组成部分,为后续的采矿作业提供了坚实的基础和保障。In the above embodiment, segmented tunnels are constructed in the form of three-center arches (a commonly used underground tunnel cross-section form with good stability and compressive resistance) according to the divided ore blocks. These tunnels will run through the entire ore block and provide channels for subsequent mining operations. Mine exit route: Between the segmented tunnels or at specific locations, a mine exit route is constructed for the transportation of ore. Upper ventilation and filling tunnel: In order to ensure ventilation and subsequent filling operations in the ore block, an upper ventilation and filling tunnel needs to be constructed. Lower mine exit tunnel: As another main channel for ore transportation, the construction of the lower mine exit tunnel is equally important. In order to ensure the structural stability and safety of the development and mining project, the following support operations need to be carried out: Bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support: Use the preset long anchor cable length and mesh size to fix the end of the long anchor cable at the bottom of the hole, and reinforce it through grouting to form a powerful anchoring system to improve the stability of the surrounding rock. Resin anchor support: According to the preset resin anchor mesh and rod length, the resin anchor is driven into the surrounding rock. Through the curing effect of the resin, the anchor is tightly connected to the surrounding rock to enhance the support effect. Metal mesh support: Use steel bars of preset diameter, weld them into metal mesh according to the preset grid size and shape, and lay them on the surface of the surrounding rock to prevent rock fragments from falling and increase the overall support strength. Sprayed concrete support: Spray a certain thickness of concrete on the surface of the supported surrounding rock to form a solid protective layer to improve the overall bearing capacity and durability of the tunnel. Further carry out the construction of inclined drainage holes. According to the preset hole diameter, drainage hole depth and inclination angle, the inclined drainage holes are constructed. The selection of these parameters needs to take into account the geological conditions, hydrological conditions and drainage requirements of the ore body. The inclined drainage holes can effectively discharge the accumulated water in the surrounding rock, prevent the surrounding rock from mudding, and ensure the safety of mining operations. This series of advanced development and mining, support operations and drainage hole construction measures together constitute an important part of the reconstruction of the inclined-steeply inclined and extremely broken ore body mining site structure, providing a solid foundation and guarantee for subsequent mining operations.
步骤104,基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业。Step 104: construct a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber based on the development and mining project, and perform support operations on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber.
本申请实施例中,基于已完成的开拓采准工程,进一步施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,为后续的采矿作业提供必要的空间。对上述硐室进行支护作业,确保其结构稳定,能够承载采矿作业带来的冲击和压力。支护参数根据岩体稳定性情况确定。In the embodiment of the present application, based on the completed development and mining project, rock drilling chambers and bottom pulling chambers are further constructed to provide necessary space for subsequent mining operations. Support operations are performed on the above chambers to ensure that their structures are stable and can withstand the impact and pressure caused by mining operations. Support parameters are determined according to the stability of the rock mass.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业,包括:对所述上部通风充填巷进行扩帮以形成预设凿岩硐室尺寸的所述凿岩硐室,以及对所述下部出矿巷进行扩帮以形成预设拉底硐室尺寸的所述拉底硐室;针对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行以下支护作业:以第二预设长锚索长度和第二预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第二预设树脂锚杆网度和第二预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第二预设直径钢筋按照第二预设网格尺度和第二预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第二预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, a drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber are constructed based on the development and mining project, and support operations are performed on the drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber, including: expanding the upper ventilation and filling tunnel to form the drilling chamber of a preset drilling chamber size, and expanding the lower mining tunnel to form the bottom pulling chamber of a preset bottom pulling chamber size; performing the following support operations on the drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber: supporting operations of bottom hole fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support with a second preset long anchor cable length and a second preset mesh size, supporting operations of resin anchor rod support with a second preset resin anchor rod mesh size and a second preset rod length, supporting operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with a second preset diameter steel bar according to a second preset mesh size and a second preset mesh shape, and supporting operations of shotcrete support with a second preset shotcrete thickness.
在上述实施例中,在倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体的开采过程中,基于已完成的开拓采准工程,进一步施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对这些关键空间进行详细的支护作业是至关重要的。先进行凿岩硐室和拉底硐室的施工。凿岩硐室施工:扩帮作业:首先,对上部通风充填巷进行扩帮作业,以形成符合预设尺寸的凿岩硐室。凿岩硐室是放置凿岩设备、进行钻孔作业的重要空间,其尺寸需根据凿岩设备的规格和作业需求确定。施工要求:在扩帮过程中,需严格控制施工质量和安全,确保凿岩硐室的稳定性和安全性。拉底硐室施工:扩帮作业:类似地,对下部出矿巷进行扩帮作业,以形成符合预设尺寸的拉底硐室。拉底硐室主要用于采场的拉底作业,即开采采场底部的矿石,并形成后续爆破作业的补偿空间和自由面。施工要求:同样需要严格控制施工质量和安全,确保拉底硐室的结构稳定和作业安全。In the above embodiment, in the mining process of inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore bodies, it is crucial to further construct rock drilling chambers and bottom chambers based on the completed development and mining engineering, and to carry out detailed support operations for these key spaces. The construction of rock drilling chambers and bottom chambers is carried out first. Rock drilling chamber construction: wall expansion operation: First, the upper ventilation and filling tunnel is expanded to form a rock drilling chamber that meets the preset size. The rock drilling chamber is an important space for placing rock drilling equipment and performing drilling operations, and its size needs to be determined according to the specifications of the rock drilling equipment and the operating requirements. Construction requirements: During the wall expansion process, the construction quality and safety must be strictly controlled to ensure the stability and safety of the rock drilling chamber. Bottom chamber construction: wall expansion operation: Similarly, the lower mining tunnel is expanded to form a bottom chamber that meets the preset size. The bottom pulling chamber is mainly used for bottom pulling operations in the mine, that is, mining the ore at the bottom of the mine and forming compensation space and free surface for subsequent blasting operations. Construction requirements: It is also necessary to strictly control the construction quality and safety to ensure the structural stability and operation safety of the bottom pulling chamber.
再进行支护作业。针对凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,需进行以下支护作业,以增强其结构稳定性和安全性:孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护:使用第二预设的长锚索长度和网度,进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护。这种支护方式能够深入岩体内部,形成强大的锚固力,有效提高围岩的稳定性。树脂锚杆支护:按照第二预设的树脂锚杆网度和杆体长度,进行树脂锚杆支护。树脂锚杆能够迅速与围岩固结,形成有效的支护结构。金属网支护:使用第二预设直径的钢筋,按照第二预设的网格尺度和形状焊接成金属网,铺设在围岩表面。金属网能够防止岩石碎块掉落,增强整体支护效果。喷射混凝土支护:在完成上述支护作业的基础上,对凿岩硐室和拉底硐室的围岩表面进行喷射混凝土作业,形成一定厚度的保护层。喷射混凝土能够进一步提高围岩的承载能力和耐久性。Then carry out support operations. For rock drilling chambers and bottom pulling chambers, the following support operations are required to enhance their structural stability and safety: Bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support: Use the second preset long anchor cable length and mesh to carry out bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support. This support method can penetrate deep into the rock mass, form a strong anchoring force, and effectively improve the stability of the surrounding rock. Resin anchor rod support: According to the second preset resin anchor rod mesh and rod length, resin anchor rod support is carried out. Resin anchor rods can quickly consolidate with the surrounding rock to form an effective support structure. Metal mesh support: Use steel bars of the second preset diameter, weld them into metal mesh according to the second preset grid size and shape, and lay them on the surface of the surrounding rock. The metal mesh can prevent rock fragments from falling and enhance the overall support effect. Sprayed concrete support: On the basis of completing the above support operations, spray concrete operations are carried out on the surrounding rock surface of the rock drilling chamber and bottom pulling chamber to form a protective layer of a certain thickness. Shotcrete can further improve the bearing capacity and durability of the surrounding rock.
通过精细的凿岩硐室和拉底硐室施工以及全面的支护作业,可以确保倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场的结构稳定和安全,为后续的采矿作业提供有力保障。Through meticulous rock drilling and bottom pulling chamber construction and comprehensive support operations, the structural stability and safety of the inclined, steeply inclined and extremely broken ore body mining area can be ensured, providing strong guarantees for subsequent mining operations.
步骤105,采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行“U”形支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,以便按照所述采矿方法基于结构再造后的采场进行采场切割、回采和充填。Step 105, using a high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole to perform "U"-shaped support operations on the upper and lower surrounding rocks to achieve the reconstruction of the stope structure, so as to carry out stope cutting, backfilling and filling based on the stope after structural reconstruction according to the mining method.
本申请实施例中,在完成上述开拓采准工程后,进一步采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘和下盘围岩进行强化支护。采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行深度支护,实现采场结构的再造,提高整体稳定性。在结构再造后的采场内,按照既定的采矿方法进行切割、回采和充填作业。这一过程中,需密切关注围岩稳定性,及时调整支护措施,确保作业安全。In the embodiment of the present application, after completing the above-mentioned development and mining project, a high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole is further used to strengthen the support of the upper and lower surrounding rocks. A high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole is used to deeply support the upper and lower surrounding rocks to achieve the reconstruction of the mining field structure and improve the overall stability. In the mining field after structural reconstruction, cutting, mining and filling operations are carried out according to the established mining method. In this process, it is necessary to pay close attention to the stability of the surrounding rock, and adjust the support measures in time to ensure the safety of the operation.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,包括:分别在矿体与上盘围岩交界处以及矿体与下盘围岩交界处由凿岩硐室沿着矿体倾角方向施工下向锚索孔,分别由凿岩硐室和拉底硐室向上盘围岩和下盘围岩施工与所述下向锚索孔的位置一一对应的围岩锚索孔;在所述围岩锚索孔内安装孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索,在所述下向锚索孔内安装竖向钢绞线并进行高压注浆;将竖向钢绞线与对应的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索张拉连接,以使相邻的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索通过竖向钢绞线构成“U”形支护结构,提供对上盘围岩和下盘围岩的超前支护,实现采场结构再造。其中,所述围岩锚索孔方向与围岩层理方向垂直;所述下向锚索孔深度为中段高度;所述围岩锚索孔深度为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍;所述下向锚索孔和所述围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同;所述竖向钢绞线露出孔口1.8~2.5m。In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, a high prestressed grouting long anchor cable fixed at the bottom of the hole is used to support the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock to achieve the reconstruction of the mining field structure, including: constructing downward anchor cable holes along the inclination direction of the ore body by the rock drilling chamber at the junction of the ore body and the upper wall surrounding rock and at the junction of the ore body and the lower wall surrounding rock, respectively, and constructing surrounding rock corresponding to the position of the downward anchor cable holes to the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock by the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber respectively. Anchor cable hole; install a long anchor cable with high prestressed grouting fixed at the bottom of the hole in the surrounding rock anchor cable hole, install a vertical steel strand in the downward anchor cable hole and perform high-pressure grouting; tension and connect the vertical steel strand with the corresponding long anchor cable with high prestressed grouting fixed at the bottom of the hole, so that the adjacent long anchor cables with high prestressed grouting fixed at the bottom of the hole form a "U"-shaped support structure through the vertical steel strand, provide advanced support for the upper and lower surrounding rocks, and realize the reconstruction of the mining site structure. Among them, the direction of the surrounding rock anchor cable hole is perpendicular to the bedding direction of the surrounding rock; the depth of the downward anchor cable hole is the middle section height; the depth of the surrounding rock anchor cable hole is 1.5 times the depth of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock; the hole spacing between the downward anchor cable hole and the surrounding rock anchor cable hole is the same; the vertical steel strand is exposed 1.8~2.5m from the hole mouth.
在上述实施例中,在矿体与上盘围岩交界处以及矿体与下盘围岩交界处,确定锚索孔的施工位置。这些位置通常位于凿岩硐室和拉底硐室内,沿着矿体的倾角方向布置。接着施工锚索孔:下向锚索孔:从凿岩硐室出发,沿着矿体倾角方向向下施工下向锚索孔。这些孔的深度应达到中段高度,以确保竖向钢绞线能够和锚索有效连接,形成有效的“U”形支护结构,实现围岩的有效支护。围岩锚索孔:分别从凿岩硐室和拉底硐室出发,向上盘围岩和下盘围岩施工与下向锚索孔位置一一对应的围岩锚索孔。这些孔的方向应与围岩层理方向垂直,以最大限度地发挥锚索的支护效果。围岩锚索孔的深度通常为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍,以确保锚索能够穿越塑性区,固定在更稳定的岩体中。围岩锚索孔孔口距凿岩硐室或拉底硐室底板1.5m~2.2m。所述下向锚索孔深度为中段高度,孔径为60~100mm,所述围岩锚索孔深度为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍,孔径为60~100mm;所述下向锚索孔和围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同,为1.0~2.0m。后安装锚索与注浆:在围岩锚索孔内安装孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索,这些锚索在孔底通过特殊装置固定,以确保在注浆和后续张拉过程中保持稳定,安装完成后养护15~20天。在下向锚索孔内安装竖向钢绞线,并进行高压注浆,安装完成后养护15~20天。注浆材料应具有良好的流动性和粘结性,能够充分填充孔壁与钢绞线之间的间隙,形成坚固的锚固体。最后进行张拉连接:将竖向钢绞线与对应的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索进行张拉连接。这一步骤至关重要,它使相邻的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索通过竖向钢绞线构成“U”形支护结构,为上盘围岩和下盘围岩提供超前支护。其中,确保下向锚索孔和围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同,以便于后续的张拉连接作业。控制竖向钢绞线露出孔口的长度在1.8~2.5m之间,以便于后续的张拉和锁定作业。通过以上步骤,采用固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行支护作业,可以有效地实现采场结构的再造,提高围岩的稳定性,为后续的采矿作业提供有力保障。In the above embodiment, the construction positions of the anchor holes are determined at the junction of the ore body and the upper surrounding rock and at the junction of the ore body and the lower surrounding rock. These positions are usually located in the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber, and are arranged along the inclination direction of the ore body. Then the anchor holes are constructed: Downward anchor holes: Starting from the rock drilling chamber, downward anchor holes are constructed downward along the inclination direction of the ore body. The depth of these holes should reach the middle height to ensure that the vertical steel strands can be effectively connected to the anchor cables to form an effective "U"-shaped support structure to achieve effective support of the surrounding rock. Surrounding rock anchor holes: Starting from the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber, surrounding rock anchor holes corresponding to the positions of the downward anchor holes are constructed in the upper surrounding rock and the lower surrounding rock respectively. The direction of these holes should be perpendicular to the bedding direction of the surrounding rock to maximize the support effect of the anchor cables. The depth of the surrounding rock anchor hole is usually 1.5 times the depth of the surrounding rock plastic zone to ensure that the anchor can pass through the plastic zone and be fixed in a more stable rock mass. The opening of the surrounding rock anchor hole is 1.5m~2.2m away from the bottom plate of the rock drilling chamber or the bottom pulling chamber. The depth of the downward anchor hole is the middle section height, and the hole diameter is 60~100mm. The depth of the surrounding rock anchor hole is 1.5 times the depth of the surrounding rock plastic zone, and the hole diameter is 60~100mm; the spacing between the downward anchor hole and the surrounding rock anchor hole is the same, which is 1.0~2.0m. Post-installation anchor cable and grouting: Install bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cables in the surrounding rock anchor hole. These anchor cables are fixed at the bottom of the hole by special devices to ensure stability during grouting and subsequent tensioning. After installation, they are cured for 15~20 days. Install vertical steel strands in the downward anchor hole and perform high-pressure grouting. After installation, maintain for 15 to 20 days. The grouting material should have good fluidity and adhesion, and be able to fully fill the gap between the hole wall and the steel strand to form a solid anchor body. Finally, tension connection is performed: the vertical steel strand is tensioned and connected with the corresponding long anchor cable with high prestressed grouting fixed at the bottom of the hole. This step is crucial. It enables the adjacent long anchor cables with high prestressed grouting fixed at the bottom of the hole to form a "U"-shaped support structure through the vertical steel strands, providing advance support for the upper and lower surrounding rocks. Among them, ensure that the hole spacing between the downward anchor hole and the surrounding rock anchor hole is the same to facilitate subsequent tension connection operations. Control the length of the vertical steel strand exposed at the hole mouth between 1.8 and 2.5m to facilitate subsequent tensioning and locking operations. Through the above steps, the use of fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cables to support the upper and lower surrounding rocks can effectively achieve the reconstruction of the mining site structure, improve the stability of the surrounding rock, and provide strong support for subsequent mining operations.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,步骤105之后还包括:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, after step 105, the following steps are further included:
步骤106,在采场端部采用中深孔一次成井法爆破形成切割井,基于所述切割井提供的自由面和补偿空间采用下向平行中深孔爆破形成切割槽,基于所述切割槽提供自由面和补偿空间进行回采爆破,其中,回采爆破采用下向平行中深孔分段序次爆破落矿,回采爆破的下向平行中深孔的炮孔倾角与矿体倾角一致;利用流经下部出矿巷的气体对所述采场进行清洗,以使清洗后产生的污浊气体经由上部通风充填巷排出;使用铲运机和遥控铲运机对崩落矿石进行出矿,运出地表;利用充填管道由上部通风充填巷对采空区进行充填。Step 106, at the end of the mining area, a cutting well is formed by a one-time medium-deep hole blasting method, and a cutting groove is formed by a downward parallel medium-deep hole blasting based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting well, and recovery blasting is performed based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting groove, wherein the recovery blasting adopts a downward parallel medium-deep hole segmented sequential blasting to drop the ore, and the inclination angle of the blasthole of the downward parallel medium-deep hole of the recovery blasting is consistent with the inclination angle of the ore body; the mining area is cleaned by using the gas flowing through the lower mining tunnel, so that the dirty gas generated after cleaning is discharged through the upper ventilation and filling tunnel; a scraper and a remote-controlled scraper are used to mine and transport the collapsed ore to the surface; and the goaf is filled from the upper ventilation and filling tunnel using a filling pipe.
在上述实施例中,在采场端部,采用中深孔一次成井法爆破形成切割井。这种方法通过精确设计的中深孔爆破,快速、准确地创建出一个垂直或倾斜的井筒,为后续的切割槽爆破提供初始的自由面和补偿空间。基于切割井提供的自由面和补偿空间,采用下向平行中深孔爆破技术形成切割槽。切割槽的形成进一步扩大了自由面和补偿空间,为后续的回采爆破创造了有利条件。下向平行中深孔布置方式有利于控制爆破方向和范围,提高爆破效率。回采爆破采用下向平行中深孔分段序次爆破落矿。这种爆破方式根据矿体倾角和矿体形态,合理设计炮孔倾角和爆破顺序,以实现矿石的有效崩落和回收。炮孔倾角与矿体倾角一致,有助于减少矿石损失和贫化。利用流经下部出矿巷的气体对采场进行清洗,以清除爆破产生的粉尘和有害气体。清洗后的污浊气体通过上部通风充填巷排出,确保了采场内的空气质量,保护了作业人员的健康。使用铲运机和遥控铲运机对崩落的矿石进行出矿作业。铲运机具有装载能力强、机动性好、效率高等优点,能够迅速将矿石运出采场。遥控铲运机则进一步提高了作业安全性,减少了人员直接暴露于危险环境的风险。利用充填管道由上部通风充填巷对采空区进行充填。充填材料可以是废石、尾砂、胶结尾砂或其他适宜的充填物。充填作业不仅有助于控制地压、减少地表沉陷和塌陷的风险,还能为后续的采矿作业提供安全的工作环境。综上所述,该采矿方法通过综合运用多种先进技术和管理手段,实现了采矿过程的高效、安全和环保。这种方法的成功应用对于提高矿山生产效率、降低生产成本、保护生态环境具有重要意义。In the above embodiment, at the end of the stope, a cutting well is formed by blasting a medium-deep hole one-time well formation method. This method quickly and accurately creates a vertical or inclined shaft through precisely designed medium-deep hole blasting, providing an initial free surface and compensation space for subsequent cutting slot blasting. Based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting well, a cutting slot is formed by using a downward parallel medium-deep hole blasting technology. The formation of the cutting slot further expands the free surface and compensation space, creating favorable conditions for subsequent recovery blasting. The downward parallel medium-deep hole arrangement is conducive to controlling the blasting direction and range and improving the blasting efficiency. Recovery blasting uses downward parallel medium-deep holes in a segmented sequence to blast the ore. This blasting method reasonably designs the blasthole inclination and blasting sequence according to the ore body inclination and ore body morphology to achieve effective ore collapse and recovery. The blasthole inclination is consistent with the ore body inclination, which helps to reduce ore loss and depletion. The stope is cleaned by the gas flowing through the lower mine exit tunnel to remove dust and harmful gases generated by the blasting. The cleaned dirty gas is discharged through the upper ventilation filling tunnel, ensuring the air quality in the mine and protecting the health of the workers. Scrapers and remote-controlled scrapers are used to remove the collapsed ore. Scrapers have the advantages of strong loading capacity, good mobility and high efficiency, and can quickly transport ore out of the mine. Remote-controlled scrapers further improve the safety of operations and reduce the risk of direct exposure of personnel to dangerous environments. The goaf is filled through the upper ventilation filling tunnel using a filling pipe. The filling material can be waste rock, tailings, glue tailings or other suitable filling materials. The filling operation not only helps to control the ground pressure and reduce the risk of surface subsidence and collapse, but also provides a safe working environment for subsequent mining operations. In summary, this mining method achieves high efficiency, safety and environmental protection in the mining process by comprehensively applying a variety of advanced technologies and management methods. The successful application of this method is of great significance to improving mine production efficiency, reducing production costs and protecting the ecological environment.
通过应用本实施例的技术方案,提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造方法,产生的有益效果在于:解决了上下盘围岩和矿体均为“松软破碎”岩体条件下矿体安全高效回采的技术难题,实现了“松软破碎”岩体条件下的采场结构再造。通过将超前疏水与“U”形孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护技术相结合,充分考虑“松软破碎”岩体的水理性质,实现了岩体的疏水补强,“U”形孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索可以将锚固集中力转化为分布应力,同时注浆可以进一步加固破碎围岩,孔底固定装置可以快速提供预应力,实现开挖面应力的快速补偿,阻碍围岩塑性区的发展,进而实现了“松软破碎”岩体的有效支护,克服了现有技术方案的缺点。本申请可以增大倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体的采场尺寸,进而实现倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体的安全、高效、绿色、规模化开采。By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, a method for reconstructing the stope structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body is provided, and the beneficial effect is that it solves the technical problem of safe and efficient mining of the ore body under the condition that the upper and lower surrounding rocks and the ore body are both "soft and broken" rock bodies, and realizes the reconstruction of the stope structure under the condition of "soft and broken" rock bodies. By combining the advanced drainage with the "U"-shaped hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support technology, the hydraulic properties of the "soft and broken" rock body are fully considered, and the drainage reinforcement of the rock body is realized. The "U"-shaped hole bottom fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable can convert the anchoring concentrated force into distributed stress, and the grouting can further reinforce the broken surrounding rock. The bottom fixing device of the hole can quickly provide prestress, realize the rapid compensation of the excavation surface stress, hinder the development of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock, and then realize the effective support of the "soft and broken" rock body, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technical solutions. The present application can increase the stope size of the inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body, and then realize the safe, efficient, green and large-scale mining of the inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body.
进一步的,作为图1方法的具体实现,本申请实施例提供了一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造装置,如图2所示,该装置包括:Further, as a specific implementation of the method of FIG. 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides a device for reconstructing the structure of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body stope, as shown in FIG. 2 , the device comprises:
尺寸确定模块,用于针对倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体,确定矿体在支护条件下的采场尺寸,并根据所述采场尺寸确定采矿方法;A size determination module, for determining the stope size of an inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body under support conditions, and determining a mining method according to the stope size;
划分模块,用于确定矿体的待采区域,并根据矿体产状和所述采场尺寸对所述待采区域划分矿块;A division module, used to determine the area to be mined of the ore body, and divide the area to be mined into ore blocks according to the occurrence of the ore body and the size of the stope;
施工模块,用于基于划分的矿块,对所述待采区域进行超前开拓采准,对超前开拓采准完成的开拓采准工程进行支护作业,以及施工仰斜式排水孔,其中,所述开拓采准工程包括分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷以及下部出矿巷,所述支护作业包括孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护、树脂锚杆支护、金属网支护以及喷射混凝土支护;A construction module is used to carry out advanced development and mining of the area to be mined based on the divided ore blocks, to carry out support operations on the development and mining projects completed through advanced development and mining, and to construct inclined drainage holes, wherein the development and mining projects include segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine access tunnels, and the support operations include fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole, resin anchor support, metal mesh support, and shotcrete support;
所述施工模块,还用于基于所述开拓采准工程施工凿岩硐室和拉底硐室,并对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行支护作业;The construction module is also used to construct a rock drilling chamber and a bottom pulling chamber based on the development and mining project, and to perform support operations on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber;
所述施工模块,还用于采用孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索对上盘围岩和下盘围岩进行支护作业,以实现采场结构再造,以便按照所述采矿方法基于结构再造后的采场进行采场切割、回采和充填。The construction module is also used to support the upper and lower surrounding rocks with long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole to achieve the reconstruction of the mining field structure, so as to carry out mining field cutting, backfilling and filling based on the mining field after structural reconstruction according to the mining method.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述尺寸确定模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the size determination module is used to:
根据矿体平均厚度和分段高度,通过稳定性图表得到采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径;According to the average thickness and segment height of the ore body, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions are obtained through the stability chart;
确定所述采场顶板在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、所述上盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径、以及所述下盘围岩在支护条件下的临界稳定水力半径中的最小值作为采场尺寸的设计依据,基于所述最小值对应的临界稳定水力半径的采场结构种类,确定所述采场结构种类支护后能够保持稳定的最大长度;Determine the minimum value of the critical stable hydraulic radius of the stope roof under support conditions, the critical stable hydraulic radius of the upper wall surrounding rock under support conditions, and the critical stable hydraulic radius of the lower wall surrounding rock under support conditions as the design basis for the stope size, and determine the maximum length of the stope structure type that can remain stable after support based on the stope structure type with the critical stable hydraulic radius corresponding to the minimum value;
将所述最大长度、所述采场的分段高度、所述采场的矿体平均厚度分别作为所述采场对应的长、高、宽,得到所述采场尺寸。The maximum length, the segmented height of the stope, and the average thickness of the ore body in the stope are respectively used as the length, height, and width corresponding to the stope to obtain the stope size.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
基于划分的矿块,以三心拱形式对所述待采区域施工分段巷道、出矿进路、上部通风充填巷、以及下部出矿巷;Based on the divided ore blocks, segmented tunnels, mine access roads, upper ventilation and filling tunnels, and lower mine exit tunnels are constructed in the form of three-center arches in the area to be mined;
针对所述开拓采准工程进行以下支护作业:以第一预设长锚索长度和第一预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第一预设树脂锚杆网度和第一预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第一预设直径钢筋按照第一预设网格尺度和第一预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第一预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业;The following support operations are performed for the development and mining project: support operations of bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support with a first preset long anchor cable length and a first preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with a first preset resin anchor rod mesh size and a first preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with steel bars of a first preset diameter according to a first preset mesh size and a first preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with a first preset shotcrete coagulation thickness;
以预设孔径、预设排水孔深度以及预设排水空仰斜角度施工仰斜式排水孔。The inclined drainage hole is constructed with a preset hole diameter, a preset drainage hole depth and a preset drainage hole inclination angle.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
对所述上部通风充填巷进行扩帮以形成预设凿岩硐室尺寸的所述凿岩硐室,以及对所述下部出矿巷进行扩帮以形成预设拉底硐室尺寸的所述拉底硐室;Expanding the upper ventilation and filling tunnel to form the rock drilling chamber with a preset rock drilling chamber size, and expanding the lower mining tunnel to form the bottom pulling chamber with a preset bottom pulling chamber size;
针对所述凿岩硐室和所述拉底硐室进行以下支护作业:以第二预设长锚索长度和第二预设网度进行孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索支护的支护作业、以第二预设树脂锚杆网度和第二预设杆体长度进行树脂锚杆支护的支护作业、以第二预设直径钢筋按照第二预设网格尺度和第二预设网格形状焊接而成的金属网进行金属网支护的支护作业、以及第二预设喷射混凝度厚度进行喷射混凝土支护的支护作业。The following support operations are performed on the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber: support operations of fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable support at the bottom of the hole with the second preset long anchor cable length and the second preset mesh size, support operations of resin anchor rod support with the second preset resin anchor rod mesh size and the second preset rod length, support operations of metal mesh support with a metal mesh welded with second preset diameter steel bars according to the second preset mesh size and the second preset mesh shape, and support operations of shotcrete support with the second preset shotcrete thickness.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
分别在矿体与上盘围岩交界处以及矿体与下盘围岩交界处由凿岩硐室沿着矿体倾角方向施工下向锚索孔,分别由凿岩硐室和拉底硐室向上盘围岩和下盘围岩施工与所述下向锚索孔的位置一一对应的围岩锚索孔;Downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber along the inclination direction of the ore body at the junction of the ore body and the upper wall surrounding rock and at the junction of the ore body and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively, and surrounding rock anchor cable holes corresponding to the positions of the downward anchor cable holes are constructed by the rock drilling chamber and the bottom pulling chamber to the upper wall surrounding rock and the lower wall surrounding rock respectively;
在所述围岩锚索孔内安装孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索,在所述下向锚索孔内安装竖向钢绞线并进行高压注浆;Installing a bottom-fixed high prestressed grouting long anchor cable in the surrounding rock anchor cable hole, installing a vertical steel strand in the downward anchor cable hole and performing high-pressure grouting;
将竖向钢绞线与对应的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索张拉连接,以使相邻的孔底固定式高预应力注浆长锚索通过竖向钢绞线构成“U”形支护结构,提供对上盘围岩和下盘围岩的超前支护,实现采场结构再造。The vertical steel strands are tensioned and connected with the corresponding long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole, so that the adjacent long high prestressed grouting anchor cables fixed at the bottom of the hole form a "U"-shaped support structure through the vertical steel strands, providing advanced support for the upper and lower surrounding rocks and realizing the reconstruction of the mining field structure.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述围岩锚索孔方向与围岩层理方向垂直;所述下向锚索孔深度为中段高度;所述围岩锚索孔深度为围岩塑性区深度的1.5倍;所述下向锚索孔和所述围岩锚索孔的孔间距相同;所述竖向钢绞线露出孔口1.8~2.5m。In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the direction of the surrounding rock anchor hole is perpendicular to the bedding direction of the surrounding rock; the depth of the downward anchor hole is the middle height; the depth of the surrounding rock anchor hole is 1.5 times the depth of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock; the hole spacing between the downward anchor hole and the surrounding rock anchor hole is the same; the vertical steel strand is exposed 1.8~2.5m from the hole mouth.
在本申请实施例中,可选地,所述施工模块,用于:In the embodiment of the present application, optionally, the construction module is used to:
在采场端部采用中深孔一次成井法爆破形成切割井,基于所述切割井提供的自由面和补偿空间采用下向平行中深孔爆破形成切割槽,基于所述切割槽提供自由面和补偿空间进行回采爆破,其中,回采爆破采用下向平行中深孔分段序次爆破落矿,回采爆破的下向平行中深孔的炮孔倾角与矿体倾角一致;A cutting well is formed by blasting a medium-long hole at the end of the stope, and a cutting groove is formed by blasting a downward parallel medium-long hole based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting well. Recovery blasting is performed based on the free surface and compensation space provided by the cutting groove, wherein the recovery blasting adopts a stepwise sequential blasting of downward parallel medium-long holes to drop the ore, and the inclination angle of the blasthole of the downward parallel medium-long hole of the recovery blasting is consistent with the inclination angle of the ore body;
利用流经下部出矿巷的气体对所述采场进行清洗,以使清洗后产生的污浊气体经由上部通风充填巷排出;The stope is cleaned by using the gas flowing through the lower mine exit tunnel, so that the dirty gas generated after cleaning is discharged through the upper ventilation filling tunnel;
使用铲运机和遥控铲运机对崩落矿石进行出矿,运出地表;Use scrapers and remote-controlled loaders to remove caved ore and transport it to the surface;
利用充填管道由上部通风充填巷对采空区进行充填。The goaf is filled via the upper ventilation filling tunnel using the filling pipe.
需要说明的是,本申请实施例提供的一种倾斜-急倾斜极破碎矿体采场结构再造装置所涉及各功能单元的其他相应描述,可以参考图1方法中的对应描述,在此不再赘述。It should be noted that for other corresponding descriptions of the functional units involved in the inclined-steeply inclined extremely broken ore body mining field structure reconstruction device provided in the embodiment of the present application, reference can be made to the corresponding descriptions in the method of Figure 1, and no further details will be given here.
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机设备,具体可以为个人计算机、服务器、网络设备等,该计算机设备包括总线、处理器、存储器和通信接口,还可以包括输入输出接口和显示设备。其中,该计算机设备的处理器用于提供计算和控制能力。该计算机设备的存储器包括非易失性存储介质和内存储器。该非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统、计算机程序和数据库。该内存储器为非易失性存储介质中的操作系统和计算机程序的运行提供环境。该计算机设备的数据库用于存储位置信息。该计算机设备的网络接口用于与外部的终端通过网络连接通信。该计算机程序被处理器执行时以实现各方法实施例中的步骤。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer device, which can be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc. The computer device includes a bus, a processor, a memory and a communication interface, and can also include an input and output interface and a display device. Among them, the processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store location information. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal through a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps in each method embodiment are implemented.
本领域技术人员可以理解,上述的计算机设备的结构,仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构,并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定,具体的计算机设备可以包括更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者具有不同的部件布置。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the structure of the above-mentioned computer device is merely a partial structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied. The specific computer device may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
在一个实施例中,提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质可以是非易失性,也可以是易失性,其上存储有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述各方法实施例中的步骤。In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium may be non-volatile or volatile, and stores a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments are implemented.
在一个实施例中,提供了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述各方法实施例中的步骤。In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program, which implements the steps in the above method embodiments when executed by a processor.
需要说明的是,本申请所涉及的用户信息(包括但不限于用户设备信息、用户个人信息等)和数据(包括但不限于用于分析的数据、存储的数据、展示的数据等),均为经用户授权或者经过各方充分授权的信息和数据。It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的计算机程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中,该计算机程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、数据库或其它介质的任何引用,均可包括非易失性和易失性存储器中的至少一种。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(Read-OnlyMemory,ROM)、磁带、软盘、闪存、光存储器、高密度嵌入式非易失性存储器、阻变存储器(ReRAM)、磁变存储器(Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory,MRAM)、铁电存储器(Ferroelectric Random Access Memory,FRAM)、相变存储器(Phase Change Memory,PCM)、石墨烯存储器等。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)或外部高速缓冲存储器等。作为说明而非局限,RAM可以是多种形式,比如静态随机存取存储器(Static Random Access Memory,SRAM)或动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RandomAccess Memory,DRAM)等。本申请所提供的各实施例中所涉及的数据库可包括关系型数据库和非关系型数据库中至少一种。非关系型数据库可包括基于区块链的分布式数据库等,不限于此。本申请所提供的各实施例中所涉及的处理器可为通用处理器、图形处理器、数字信号处理器、可编程逻辑器、基于量子计算的数据处理逻辑器等,不限于此。Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include distributed databases based on blockchains, etc., but are not limited to this. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but are not limited to this.
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.
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