CN118501403A - A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of geological detection technology, and provides a geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction, including a machine body, a support column and a mounting plate, the bottom wall of the mounting plate is connected to the top wall of the machine body through the support column, the machine body is provided with wheels, the top wall of the mounting plate is connected to a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is connected to a driving piston rod, the lower end of the driving piston rod is fixedly connected to a mounting seat, the mounting seat is provided with a double piston rod cylinder, the double piston rod cylinder is connected to two transmission piston rods, the bottom wall of the mounting seat is fixedly connected to a soil extractor, a soil extractor cavity is provided in the soil extractor, a push plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil extractor cavity, one of the transmission piston rods is fixedly connected to the push plate, and a pressure rod is fixedly connected to the other transmission piston rod, a device channel is provided on the machine body, a transmission cavity is provided on the side wall of the device channel, a soil storage box is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity, a transmission assembly is provided in the transmission cavity, and an electromagnetic detection device is provided on the machine body. The present invention can keep the soil sample at its original compactness.

Description

A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of geological detection technology, and in particular to a geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction.

Background Art

In geological survey, geotechnical environment is a crucial part. Soil testing refers to determining the environmental quality and its changing trends by measuring the representative values of factors affecting soil environmental quality.

During the soil testing process, testers need to conduct soil sample testing on site. The current soil sample collection device is prone to loosening the soil sample after collecting it, especially when transferring it to a storage container, making it difficult for the soil sample to maintain its original natural state, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test results.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction. To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction, comprising a body, a support column and a mounting plate, wherein the bottom wall of the mounting plate is connected to the top wall of the body through the support column, and wheels are arranged on the body;

The top wall of the mounting plate is connected to a driving cylinder, a driving piston rod is connected to the driving cylinder, a mounting seat is fixedly connected to the lower end of the driving piston rod, a double-piston rod cylinder is provided on the mounting seat, two transmission piston rods are connected to the double-piston rod cylinder, a soil extractor is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the mounting seat, a soil extractor is provided with a soil extracting cavity, a push plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil extracting cavity, one of the transmission piston rods is fixedly connected to the push plate, and a pressure rod is fixedly connected to the other transmission piston rod;

A device channel is provided on the machine body, a transmission cavity is provided on the side wall of the device channel, a soil storage box is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity, a soil storage cavity is provided on the soil storage box, a soil support plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil storage cavity, the soil support plate is connected to the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity through a second elastic member, a transmission assembly is provided in the transmission cavity, the transmission assembly is connected to the soil storage box, and an electromagnetic detection device is provided on the machine body.

Further, the transmission assembly includes a first elastic member, a connecting bar, a limiting bar, an extension rod, a second wedge block, a limiting plate, a transmission bar, a transmission wheel and a third permanent magnet;

The soil storage box is connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity through a first elastic member, the limit bar is fixed to the soil storage box, the limit bar and the extension rod are fixed to the connecting bar, the second wedge block is fixed to the extension rod, the extension rod extends to the top of the machine body, the second wedge block is located above the machine body, the limit plate and the transmission bar are slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity, the limit plate and the limit bar are abutted against each other, an oblique strip-shaped channel is opened on the limit plate, the transmission wheel is rotatably connected to the transmission bar, the third permanent magnet is fixed to the transmission bar, and the transmission wheel is slidably connected to the inner wall of the oblique strip channel;

A locking piece is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the soil supporting plate, a locking device is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity, a locking groove is provided on the locking device, a press-type elastic self-locking mechanism adapted to the locking piece is provided in the locking groove, a first permanent magnet is inlaid on the side wall of the mounting seat, a second permanent magnet is inlaid on the side wall of the soil extractor, a first wedge block is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting seat, and the first wedge block and the second wedge block are abutted against each other.

Furthermore, a rod channel is provided on the mounting plate, the driving piston rod passes through the rod channel, more than two transmission chambers are provided, a cylinder control box is fixedly connected to the top wall of the mounting plate, and a first air cavity and a second air cavity are provided on the cylinder control box;

The first air cavity inner wall is slidably connected to a first piston member, the first piston member is fixedly connected to a control rod, one end of the control rod extends to the outside of the cylinder control box, one end of the control rod is fixedly connected to the driving cylinder, the second air cavity is connected to the first air cavity through a first air transmission tube, the first air transmission tube is connected to a first one-way valve, the second air cavity is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder control box through a second air transmission tube, the second air transmission tube is connected to a second one-way valve, the second air cavity inner wall is slidably connected to a second piston member, the second piston member is fixedly connected to a transmission rod, the lower end of the transmission rod extends to the bottom of the cylinder control box, the transmission plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the transmission rod, the top wall of the transmission plate is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting plate through the air release valve, and the bottom wall of the transmission plate and the top wall of the mounting seat are abutted against each other.

Furthermore, an air release valve is connected to the inner wall of the first air cavity, and the air release valve extends to the outside of the cylinder control box.

Furthermore, a first guide rail and a second guide rail are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity, the limit plate is slidably connected to the first guide rail, and the transmission bar is slidably connected to the second guide rail.

Furthermore, the first permanent magnet is located above the second permanent magnet.

Furthermore, the material of the soil sampler includes stainless steel.

Furthermore, the stainless steel is martensitic stainless steel.

Furthermore, the stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel.

Furthermore, a single chip microcomputer is arranged in the body.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention can quickly sample soil at multiple locations, and after sampling, the soil in the soil sampling cavity can maintain its original compactness, ensuring that the soil sample can truly reflect its state in the natural environment, thereby making the soil analysis results more accurate and reliable. The present invention has high linkage, high degree of automation and strong practicality.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is further described using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction (with the cylinder control box omitted) according to the present invention;

FIG2 is an enlarged view of point A in FIG1 of the present invention;

FIG3 is an enlarged view of point B in FIG1 of the present invention;

FIG4 is a connection structure diagram of the limit plate, the transmission bar, the transmission wheel and the third permanent magnet in FIG3 of the present invention;

FIG5 is an exploded view of the connecting strip, the extension rod, and the second wedge-shaped block in FIG1 of the present invention;

6 is a right side view of the mounting plate, cylinder control box, and mounting base in FIG. 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the cylinder control box in FIG. 6 of the present invention.

Figure numerals: 1, machine body; 2, wheel; 3, support column; 4, mounting plate; 5, rod channel; 6, driving cylinder; 7, driving piston rod; 8, mounting seat; 9, first wedge block; 10, double piston rod cylinder; 11, transmission piston rod; 12, soil extractor; 13, push plate; 14, pressure rod; 15, soil extractor cavity; 16, first permanent magnet; 17, second permanent magnet; 18, device channel; 19, transmission cavity; 20, first elastic member; 21, soil storage box; 22, soil storage cavity; 23, soil support plate; 24, second elastic member; 25, locking piece; 26, locker; 27, locking groove; 28. Connecting strip; 29. Limiting strip; 30. Extension rod; 31. Second wedge block; 32. Limiting plate; 33. Oblique strip channel; 34. Transmission strip; 35. Transmission wheel; 36. Third permanent magnet; 37. Cylinder control box; 38. First air cavity; 39. Second air cavity; 40. Control rod; 41. First piston member; 42. First air transmission tube; 43. First one-way valve; 44. Second one-way valve; 45. Second air transmission tube; 46. Second piston member; 47. Transmission rod; 48. Transmission plate; 49. Third elastic member; 50. Air release valve; 51. First guide rail; 52. Second guide rail.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, it can be a mechanical connection, it can be an electrical connection, it can be a direct connection, it can be connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction includes a body 1, a support column 3 and a mounting plate 4, the bottom wall of the mounting plate 4 is connected to the top wall of the body 1 through the support column 3, the body 1 is provided with a wheel 2, the wheel 2 is driven by the wheel drive system on the body 1, the top wall of the mounting plate 4 is connected to a driving cylinder 6, the driving cylinder 6 is connected to a driving piston rod 7, the lower end of the driving piston rod 7 is fixedly connected to a mounting seat 8, a double-piston rod cylinder 10 is provided on the mounting seat 8, two transmission piston rods 11 are connected to the double-piston rod cylinder 10, a soil extractor 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the mounting seat 8, a soil extractor 12 is provided with a soil extracting cavity 15, the inner wall of the soil extracting cavity 15 is slidably connected to a push plate 13, one of the transmission piston rods 11 is fixedly connected to the push plate 13, and the other transmission piston rod 11 is fixedly connected to a pressure rod 14, and the soil extractor 12 is used to be inserted into the ground to allow soil to enter the soil extracting cavity 15 for soil sampling;

A device channel 18 is provided on the body 1, and the device channel 18 is used to allow the soil sampler 12 and the mounting seat 8 to pass through the body 1 for soil sampling. A transmission cavity 19 is provided on the side wall of the device channel 18, and the inner wall of the transmission cavity 19 is slidably connected to a soil storage box 21. A soil storage cavity 22 is provided on the soil storage box 21, and a soil supporting plate 23 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil storage cavity 22. The soil supporting plate 23 is connected to the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity 22 through a second elastic member 24. A transmission assembly is provided in the transmission cavity 19, and the transmission assembly is connected to the soil storage box 21. The transmission assembly is used to drive the soil storage box 21 to enter the device channel 18 and retract into the transmission cavity 19. An electromagnetic detection device is provided on the body 1. The electromagnetic detection device adopts electromagnetic detection technology, which can help determine the soil sampling point. By quickly scanning a large area, it can identify areas with large changes in soil properties, so as to perform soil sampling in a more targeted manner.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the transmission assembly includes a first elastic member 20, a connecting strip 28, a limiting strip 29, an extension rod 30, a second wedge block 31, a limiting plate 32, a transmission strip 34, a transmission wheel 35 and a third permanent magnet 36. The soil storage box 21 is connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity 19 through the first elastic member 20, the limiting strip 29 is fixed to the soil storage box 21, the limiting strip 29 and the extension rod 30 are both fixed to the connecting strip 28, and the second wedge block 31 is fixed to On the extension rod 30, the extension rod 30 extends to the top of the body 1, the second wedge block 31 is located above the body 1, the limit plate 32 and the transmission bar 34 are both slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity 19, the limit plate 32 and the limit bar 29 are against each other, and an oblique strip channel 33 is opened on the limit plate 32, and the oblique strip channel 33 is inclined. The transmission wheel 35 is rotatably connected to the transmission bar 34, the third permanent magnet 36 is fixed to the transmission bar 34, and the transmission wheel 35 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the oblique strip channel 33;

A locking piece 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the soil supporting plate 23, and a locking device 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity 22. A locking groove 27 is provided on the locking device 26, and a push-type elastic self-locking mechanism adapted to the locking piece 25 is provided in the locking groove 27. After the locking piece 25 is pressed once on the push-type elastic self-locking mechanism, the locking piece 25 can be locked with the push-type elastic self-locking mechanism. After the locking piece 25 is pressed once on the push-type elastic self-locking mechanism, the locking piece 25 can be unlocked from the push-type elastic self-locking mechanism. The side wall of the mounting seat 8 is inlaid with a first permanent magnet 16, and the side wall of the soil extractor 12 is inlaid with a second permanent magnet 17. A first wedge block 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the mounting seat 8, and the first wedge block 9 and the second wedge block 31 are abutted against each other.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, a rod channel 5 is provided on the mounting plate 4, the driving piston rod 7 passes through the rod channel 5, the transmission chamber 19 has more than two, the top wall of the mounting plate 4 is fixedly connected to a cylinder control box 37, the cylinder control box 37 is provided with a first air chamber 38 and a second air chamber 39, the inner wall of the first air chamber 38 is slidably connected to a first piston member 41, a control rod 40 is fixedly connected to the first piston member 41, one end of the control rod 40 extends to the outside of the cylinder control box 37, one end of the control rod 40 is fixedly connected to the driving cylinder 6, the second air chamber 39 is connected to the first air chamber 38 through a first air transfer tube 42, the first air transfer tube 42 is connected to a first one-way valve 43, and the gas transmission between the second air chamber 39 and the first air chamber 38 is due to the first one-way valve 43. The second air chamber 39 is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder control box 37 through the second air transmission pipe 45, and the second air transmission pipe 45 is connected to the second one-way valve 44. Due to the existence of the second one-way valve 44, the gas in the second air chamber 39 cannot be transmitted to the outside of the cylinder control box 37, and the gas outside the cylinder control box 37 can enter the second air chamber 39. The inner wall of the second air chamber 39 is slidably connected to the second piston member 46, and the second piston member 46 is fixedly connected to the transmission rod 47. The lower end of the transmission rod 47 extends to the bottom of the cylinder control box 37, and the transmission plate 48 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the transmission rod 47. The top wall of the transmission plate 48 is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting plate 4 through the air release valve 49, and the bottom wall of the transmission plate 48 and the top wall of the mounting seat 8 are against each other.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, an air release valve 50 is connected to the inner wall of the first air cavity 38 , and the air release valve 50 extends to the outside of the cylinder control box 37 . The air release valve 50 is used to discharge the gas in the first air cavity 38 .

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the inner wall of the transmission cavity 19 is fixedly connected with a first guide rail 51 and a second guide rail 52, the limit plate 32 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 51, and the first guide rail 51 guides the limit plate 32, and the transmission bar 34 is slidably connected to the second guide rail 52, and the second guide rail 52 guides the transmission bar 34.

According to an optional implementation of the present invention, the first permanent magnet 16 is located above the second permanent magnet 17 .

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the material of the soil sampler 12 includes stainless steel. Stainless steel has high hardness and can be easily inserted into the ground for soil sampling. Stainless steel has high corrosion resistance and is not easily corroded by bacteria and other substances in the soil, thereby extending its service life.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the stainless steel is martensitic stainless steel, which is stainless steel with a martensitic microstructure. It obtains extremely high hardness and strength through heat treatment and is very suitable for soil sampling on hard ground.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, the stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel, which is a main type of stainless steel and has a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Since this structure contains more carbon and chromium, it has excellent corrosion resistance and is suitable for soil sampling on highly corrosive ground.

According to an optional embodiment of the present invention, a single chip microcomputer is provided in the body 1, and the single chip microcomputer has the functions of data processing and controlling other electrical components.

Implementation process:

In the initial state, as shown in Figures 1-3, the first wedge block 9 and one of the second wedge blocks 31 are against each other, the push plate 13 is located on the top wall of the soil taking cavity 15, the limit plate 32 limits the limit bar 29, the soil storage box 21 is located in the transmission cavity 19, and the locking piece 25 is disengaged from the locking groove 27.

The detection device is moved to the sampling area through the first air transmission tube 42. The area where the soil property changes greatly can be identified through the electromagnetic detection device, so that the soil sampling point can be determined, and the driving cylinder 6 is turned on. The driving piston rod 7 on the driving cylinder 6 is extended, thereby controlling the mounting seat 8 and the soil extractor 12 to move downward. The mounting seat 8 and the soil extractor 12 pass through the device channel 18, and the soil extractor 12 is inserted into the ground, so that the soil enters the inner wall of the soil extraction cavity 15. During the downward movement of the mounting seat 8, the first permanent magnet 16 moves When it reaches the right side of the same horizontal plane as the third permanent magnet 36, the magnetic repulsion of the first permanent magnet 16 causes the third permanent magnet 36, the transmission bar 34, and the transmission wheel 35 to move to the left, and the transmission wheel 35 slides along the inner wall of the inclined strip channel 33 to move the limit plate 32 upward. After the limit bar 29 loses the limiting force of the limit plate 32, the soil storage box 21 tends to move into the device channel 18 under the elastic force of the first elastic member 20, and the soil storage box 21 and the outer wall of the soil extractor 12 are against each other, and the soil storage box 21 temporarily does not enter the device channel 18.

Then the driving piston rod 7 on the driving cylinder 6 is controlled to contract, so that the mounting seat 8 and the soil extractor 12 move up. When the soil extractor 12 moves to the top of the soil storage box 21, the soil storage box 21 is separated from and abutted against the soil extractor 12, so that the soil storage box 21 enters the device channel 18 under the elastic force of the first elastic member 20. The extension rod 30 and the second wedge block 31 move right as the soil storage box 21 moves right, the driving piston rod 7 stops shortening, and the two transmission piston rods 11 on the double-piston rod cylinder 10 are controlled to extend, so that the push plate 13 and the pressure rod 14 move downward. When the pressure rod 14 moves downward, it pushes The soil supporting plate 23 and the locking piece 25 overcome the elastic force of the second elastic member 24 and move downward, the push plate 13 pushes the soil in the soil sampling cavity 15 to move downward, and the soil supporting plate 23 supports the soil in the soil sampling cavity 15, so that the soil in the soil sampling cavity 15 gradually moves downward into the soil storage cavity 22 under the supporting force of the soil supporting plate 23, which can keep the original compactness of the soil when sampling to the greatest extent, and prevent the soil from being loose or compact after sampling, which is very important for the subsequent physical, chemical and biological analysis of the soil, can greatly improve the analysis results of the soil, and provide scientific and technological support for soil management and environmental protection. According to the theory of science, when the locking piece 25 is inserted into the locking groove 27 on the lock 26, the locking piece 25 and the push-type elastic self-locking mechanism in the locking groove 27 are locked, so that the soil supporting plate 23 maintains the current height in the soil storage cavity 22, and the soil has been transferred from the soil taking cavity 15 to the soil storage cavity 22. The two transmission piston rods 11 on the double piston rod cylinder 10 are controlled to shrink and reset, and the push plate 13 moves up and resets to the top wall of the soil taking cavity 15. The driving piston rod 7 on the driving cylinder 6 is controlled to shrink, so that the mounting seat 8 and the soil taking device 12 move up, and the first wedge block 9 will push the second wedge block 9 when it moves up. The shaped block 31 moves to the left, so that the soil storage box 21 overcomes the left movement of the first elastic member 20 and re-enters the transmission chamber 19. When the second permanent magnet 17 moves to the right of the same horizontal plane as the limit bar 29, the third permanent magnet 36 moves to the right under the magnetic attraction of the second permanent magnet 17, so that the transmission bar 34 and the transmission wheel 35 move to the right. The transmission wheel 35 drives the limit plate 32 to move downward through the inclined strip-shaped channel 33, and the limit plate 32 limits the limit bar 29 again to prevent the soil storage box 21 from entering the device channel 18 and blocking the soil taker 12 when the soil taker 12 moves downward next time.

When the mounting seat 8 moves upward, it will also push the transmission plate 48 to overcome the elastic force of the third elastic member 49 and move upward, so that the second piston member 46 moves upward along the inner wall of the second air chamber 39, pushing the air in the second air chamber 39 through the first air transmission tube 42 and the first one-way valve 43 into the first air chamber 38, so that the air pushes the first piston member 41, the control rod 40, and the driving cylinder 6 to move horizontally for a distance, so that the mounting seat 8 and the soil extractor 12 and the components in another transmission chamber 19 can produce the same linkage principle as mentioned above, so that the soil collected by the soil extractor 12 next time enters the soil storage chamber 22 of another soil storage box 21.

When the mounting base 8 moves downward and disengages from the transmission plate 48, the transmission plate 48, the transmission rod 47 and the second piston member 46 move downward and reset under the elastic force of the third elastic member 49, and the external air enters the second air cavity 39 through the second one-way valve 44 and the second air transmission tube 45. The air in the first air cavity 38 cannot enter the second air cavity 39 due to the action of the first one-way valve 43.

In this way, each time the soil sampler 12 moves upward after completing soil sampling, the driving cylinder 6, the mounting base 8 and the soil sampler 12 can be moved horizontally for a distance.

The present invention can quickly sample soil at multiple locations, and after sampling, the soil in the soil sampling cavity 15 can maintain its original compactness through the cooperation of the double piston rod cylinder 10, the push plate 13 and the soil supporting plate 23, ensuring that the soil sample can truly reflect its state in the natural environment, thereby making the soil analysis result more accurate and reliable. The soil storage box 21 carries the soil sample to re-enter the transmission cavity 19 for storage through the first wedge block 9 and the second permanent magnet 17. After each sampling of a location is completed, the mounting seat 8, the driving piston rod 7 and the soil sampler 12 can be horizontally displaced so that the mounting seat 8 and the soil sampler 12 can be linked with the components in another transmission cavity 19, so that the soil can be stored in another soil storage box 21 after the next soil sampling. The present invention has high linkage, high degree of automation and strong practicality.

The components, modules, mechanisms and devices not described in detail in the present invention are all universal standard parts or components known to those skilled in the art, and their structures and principles can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction, characterized in that it comprises a body (1), a support column (3) and a mounting plate (4), wherein the bottom wall of the mounting plate (4) is connected to the top wall of the body (1) through the support column (3), the body (1) is provided with wheels (2), the top wall of the mounting plate (4) is connected to a driving cylinder (6), the driving cylinder (6) is connected to a driving piston rod (7), and the lower end of the driving piston rod (7) is fixedly connected to a mounting seat (8), A double piston rod cylinder (10) is provided on the mounting seat (8), two transmission piston rods (11) are connected to the double piston rod cylinder (10), a soil extractor (12) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the mounting seat (8), a soil extractor (12) is provided in the soil extractor (12), a push plate (13) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil extractor cavity (15), one of the transmission piston rods (11) is fixedly connected to the push plate (13), and a pressure rod (14) is fixedly connected to the other transmission piston rod (11); A device channel (18) is provided on the machine body (1), a transmission cavity (19) is provided on the side wall of the device channel (18), a soil storage box (21) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity (19), a soil storage cavity (22) is provided on the soil storage box (21), a soil support plate (23) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the soil storage cavity (22), the soil support plate (23) is connected to the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity (22) via a second elastic member (24), a transmission assembly is provided in the transmission cavity (19), the transmission assembly is connected to the soil storage box (21), and an electromagnetic detection device is provided on the machine body (1). 2. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission assembly comprises a first elastic member (20), a connecting bar (28), a limiting bar (29), an extension rod (30), a second wedge block (31), a limiting plate (32), a transmission bar (34), a transmission wheel (35) and a third permanent magnet (36), the soil storage box (21) is connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity (19) through the first elastic member (20), the limiting bar (29) is fixed to the soil storage box (21), the limiting bar (29) and the extension rod (30) are both fixed to the connecting bar (2 8), the second wedge block (31) is fixedly connected to the extension rod (30), the extension rod (30) extends to the upper part of the machine body (1), the second wedge block (31) is located above the machine body (1), the limit plate (32) and the transmission bar (34) are both slidably connected to the inner wall of the transmission cavity (19), the limit plate (32) and the limit bar (29) are in contact with each other, an oblique strip-shaped channel (33) is provided on the limit plate (32), the transmission wheel (35) is rotatably connected to the transmission bar (34), the third permanent magnet (36) is fixedly connected to the transmission bar (34), and the transmission wheel (35) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the oblique strip-shaped channel (33); The bottom wall of the soil supporting plate (23) is fixedly connected with a locking piece (25), the bottom wall of the soil storage cavity (22) is fixedly connected with a locking device (26), the locking device (26) is provided with a locking groove (27), and a press-type elastic self-locking mechanism adapted to the locking piece (25) is provided in the locking groove (27), the side wall of the mounting seat (8) is inlaid with a first permanent magnet (16), the side wall of the soil extractor (12) is inlaid with a second permanent magnet (17), and the outer wall of the mounting seat (8) is fixedly connected with a first wedge block (9), and the first wedge block (9) and the second wedge block (31) are in contact with each other. 3. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 2, characterized in that a rod channel (5) is provided on the mounting plate (4), the driving piston rod (7) passes through the rod channel (5), the transmission chamber (19) is provided with two or more, the top wall of the mounting plate (4) is fixedly connected with a cylinder control box (37), the cylinder control box (37) is provided with a first air chamber (38) and a second air chamber (39), the inner wall of the first air chamber (38) is slidably connected with a first piston member (41), a control rod (40) is fixedly connected to the first piston member (41), one end of the control rod (40) extends to the outside of the cylinder control box (37), one end of the control rod (40) is fixedly connected to the driving cylinder (6), and the second air chamber (39) is provided with a first piston member (41). ) is connected to the first air chamber (38) through a first air transmission tube (42), the first air transmission tube (42) is connected to a first non-return valve (43), the second air chamber (39) is connected to the outer wall of the cylinder control box (37) through a second air transmission tube (45), the second air transmission tube (45) is connected to a second non-return valve (44), the inner wall of the second air chamber (39) is slidably connected to a second piston member (46), the second piston member (46) is fixedly connected to a transmission rod (47), the lower end of the transmission rod (47) extends to the bottom of the cylinder control box (37), a transmission plate (48) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the transmission rod (47), the top wall of the transmission plate (48) is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting plate (4) through an air release valve (49), and the bottom wall of the transmission plate (48) and the top wall of the mounting seat (8) are against each other. 4. A geological survey and rock detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 3, characterized in that the inner wall of the first air cavity (38) is connected to a vent valve (50), and the vent valve (50) extends to the outside of the cylinder control box (37). 5. A geological survey and rock detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 4, characterized in that a first guide rail (51) and a second guide rail (52) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the transmission chamber (19), the limit plate (32) is slidably connected to the first guide rail (51), and the transmission bar (34) is slidably connected to the second guide rail (52). 6. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 5, characterized in that the first permanent magnet (16) is located above the second permanent magnet (17). 7. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 6, characterized in that the material of the soil sampler (12) includes stainless steel. 8. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 7, characterized in that the stainless steel is martensitic stainless steel. 9. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to claim 7, characterized in that the stainless steel is austenitic stainless steel. 10. A geological survey rock and soil detection device based on electromagnetic induction according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a single chip microcomputer is provided in the body (1).