CN118494424A - Automobile electric pedal control system - Google Patents
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- CN118494424A CN118494424A CN202410906097.6A CN202410906097A CN118494424A CN 118494424 A CN118494424 A CN 118494424A CN 202410906097 A CN202410906097 A CN 202410906097A CN 118494424 A CN118494424 A CN 118494424A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/06—Disposition of pedal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K26/00—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles
- B60K26/02—Arrangements or mounting of propulsion unit control devices in vehicles of initiating means or elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
- B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
- B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
- B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及汽车控制相关领域,具体是一种汽车电动踏板控制系统。The invention relates to the field of automobile control, in particular to an automobile electric pedal control system.
背景技术Background Art
在汽车的驾驶中,驾驶员的控制权限是最高的,即驾驶员所踩的油门或是刹车,均会优先响应,即使车辆遇到障碍物后安全刹停功能介入时,若是驾驶员深踩油门,此时车辆依然会响应驾驶员的加速行为。When driving a car, the driver has the highest control authority, that is, the accelerator or brake stepped by the driver will be responded to first. Even if the vehicle encounters an obstacle and the safety brake function intervenes, if the driver steps on the accelerator deeply, the vehicle will still respond to the driver's acceleration behavior.
但这样的执行方式,导致了在现实中经常发生恶劣事故,例如在遇到突发风险时,驾驶员错误操作车辆,导致车辆未能刹停,反而提速,最终对周围造成冲撞,产生严重的财产损失,甚至发生人员伤亡事故,且新能源车辆带来的动能回收功能的普及,进一步导致了在日常驾驶中,车辆的刹车使用次数大幅降低,长时间这样可能会导致驾驶员养成不良的驾驶习惯,在突发事件时,找不到刹车或者完全忘记刹车,最终陷入混乱,产生严重的安全事故。However, this implementation method has led to frequent serious accidents in reality. For example, when encountering sudden risks, the driver incorrectly operates the vehicle, resulting in the vehicle failing to stop and instead accelerating, eventually causing collisions with the surrounding area, causing serious property damage and even casualties. The popularization of the kinetic energy recovery function brought by new energy vehicles has further led to a significant reduction in the number of times the vehicle's brakes are used in daily driving. This may cause the driver to develop bad driving habits over a long period of time. In the event of an emergency, they may not be able to find the brakes or completely forget to brake, eventually falling into chaos and causing serious safety accidents.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种汽车电动踏板控制系统,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide an automobile electric pedal control system to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种汽车电动踏板控制系统,包含:An automobile electric pedal control system, comprising:
数据采集同步模块,用于传感数据的采集及环境对象的同步映射;通过传感设备实时采集车辆周围环境的传感数据,对多个传感器的传感数据进行对齐融合以建立基于车辆原点的孪生监测空间;The data acquisition synchronization module is used for the acquisition of sensor data and the synchronous mapping of environmental objects. The sensor data of the vehicle's surrounding environment is collected in real time through sensor equipment, and the sensor data of multiple sensors are aligned and fused to establish a twin monitoring space based on the vehicle origin.
对象识别追踪模块,用于空间对象的识别与运动特征判定;对实时更新的所述孪生监测空间进行对象识别,并建立所述对象的运动特征,所述对象包括静态对象及运动对象;The object recognition and tracking module is used for the recognition and motion feature determination of spatial objects; it recognizes objects in the twin monitoring space that is updated in real time and establishes the motion features of the objects, which include static objects and moving objects;
运动干涉判定模块,用于车辆与对象的运动干涉判定及控制限制建立;基于车辆当前运动状态及与对象间的相对空间关系进行干涉判定,若车辆与对象存在运动干涉风险,则生成踏板输出限制信号;The motion interference determination module is used for motion interference determination and control restriction establishment between the vehicle and the object. The interference determination is performed based on the current motion state of the vehicle and the relative spatial relationship between the vehicle and the object. If there is a risk of motion interference between the vehicle and the object, a pedal output restriction signal is generated.
踏板控制限制模块,用于电动踏板的实时控制限制;基于所述踏板输出限制信号对电动踏板的汽车动力控制输出信号进行限制管控,当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化,所述增量信号用于表征基于当前汽车动力输出信号强度的动力输出增量信号;A pedal control limiting module is used for real-time control limiting of an electric pedal; based on the pedal output limiting signal, the vehicle power control output signal of the electric pedal is limited and controlled. When the pedal output limiting signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated, and the incremental signal is used to represent the power output incremental signal based on the current vehicle power output signal strength;
风险限制反馈模块,用于踏板输出限制的信息反馈;当所述增量信号无效化时,生成反馈告知信号并通过汽车交互系统输出,所述反馈告知信号包括限制告知及风险告知。The risk limit feedback module is used for feedback of pedal output limit information; when the incremental signal is invalidated, a feedback notification signal is generated and output through the vehicle interaction system, and the feedback notification signal includes a limit notification and a risk notification.
作为本发明的进一步方案:还包括风险级别划定模块,具体包括:As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes a risk level delineation module, specifically including:
对象区分单元,用于对对象进行特征获取,并基于特征判断所述对象类别,当所述对象为行人对象或非机动对象时,触发风险级别判定流程;An object distinguishing unit, used to acquire features of an object and determine the category of the object based on the features, and trigger a risk level determination process when the object is a pedestrian object or a non-motorized object;
运动预测单元,用于获取行人对象或非机动对象的位置及运动状态信息,并基于此预测其在未来一段时间内的运动覆盖区域;A motion prediction unit, used to obtain the position and motion state information of pedestrian objects or non-motorized objects, and based on this, predict their motion coverage area in the future;
基础限制单元,用于若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域无交叉,则生成风险级别为基础级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述基础级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化;A basic restriction unit, for generating a pedal output restriction signal with a basic risk level if the motion coverage area does not intersect with the vehicle's driving coverage area in the future, wherein the basic risk level is used to indicate that when the pedal output restriction signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated;
主动限制单元,用于若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域存在交叉,获取车辆当前距离交叉区域的缓冲距离,计算在无主动制动下车辆在该缓冲距离下达到安全行人安全车速的输出衰减需求,并基于所述输出衰减需求生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述主动级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效,同时除增量信号外的初始输出信号基于百分比部分无效化。The active limiting unit is used to obtain the buffer distance of the current distance of the vehicle from the intersection area if there is an intersection between the motion coverage area and the driving coverage area of the vehicle in a period of time in the future, calculate the output attenuation requirement for the vehicle to reach a safe pedestrian safety speed at the buffer distance without active braking, and generate an active level pedal output limiting signal based on the output attenuation requirement. The active level is used to indicate that when the pedal output limiting signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalid, and the initial output signal except the incremental signal is partially invalidated based on a percentage.
作为本发明的再进一步方案:所述风险级别划定模块还包括:As a further solution of the present invention: the risk level delineation module further includes:
静态限制单元,用于当所述对象为静态对象时,若当前车辆的行驶覆盖区域与所述静态对象重叠,且无车辆主动制动信号输入时,则计算车辆在无主动制动下车辆在当前与静态对象的距离下达到撞击安全车速的输出衰减需求,并对应生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号。The static limitation unit is used for calculating the output attenuation requirement of the vehicle to reach a safe collision speed at the current distance from the static object without active braking when the object is a static object and the driving coverage area of the current vehicle overlaps with the static object and there is no vehicle active braking signal input, and correspondingly generates an active-level pedal output limitation signal.
作为本发明的再进一步方案:还包括特殊限制模块,具体包括:As a further solution of the present invention: a special restriction module is also included, specifically including:
踏板监测单元,用于对踏板产生的汽车动力输出信号进行监测,获取所述汽车动力输出信号的单位时间增量,若所述单位时间增量超出预设的安全阈值,则触发反悔保护机制;A pedal monitoring unit, used to monitor the vehicle power output signal generated by the pedal, obtain a unit time increment of the vehicle power output signal, and trigger a regret protection mechanism if the unit time increment exceeds a preset safety threshold;
限制执行单元,用于执行反悔保护机制,当所述单位时间增量超出安全阈值,若存在踏板输出限制信号时,则所述汽车动力输出信号无效化,若不存在踏板输出限制信号,则对汽车动力输出信号进行连续监测,若连续触发并均超出安全阈值,则响应所述汽车动力输出信号。The restriction execution unit is used to execute the regret protection mechanism. When the unit time increment exceeds the safety threshold, if there is a pedal output restriction signal, the vehicle power output signal is invalidated. If there is no pedal output restriction signal, the vehicle power output signal is continuously monitored. If it is continuously triggered and exceeds the safety threshold, the vehicle power output signal is responded to.
作为本发明的再进一步方案:还包括间接限定模块,具体包括:As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes an indirect limitation module, specifically including:
关联车辆监测单元,用于当车辆正常行驶时,通过孪生监测空间对相邻车道前方车辆进行运动状态记录,获取对应车辆行驶中的实时加速状态;The associated vehicle monitoring unit is used to record the motion status of the vehicle in front of the adjacent lane through the twin monitoring space when the vehicle is driving normally, and obtain the real-time acceleration status of the corresponding vehicle during driving;
间接限定判断单元,用于对相邻车道前方车辆的实时加速状态进行判定,若所述实时加速状态表征为车辆减速,则获取对方的减速速率及与对方车辆的车距,计算减速速率在车距内的平均减速值,并基于所述平均减速值生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号。The indirect limitation judgment unit is used to judge the real-time acceleration state of the vehicle ahead in the adjacent lane. If the real-time acceleration state is characterized by vehicle deceleration, the deceleration rate of the other party and the vehicle distance to the other party are obtained, the average deceleration value of the deceleration rate within the vehicle distance is calculated, and an active level pedal output limitation signal is generated based on the average deceleration value.
作为本发明的再进一步方案:还包括碰撞限制管理模块,具体包括:As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes a collision limitation management module, specifically including:
碰撞信息同步单元,用于当检测到后方安全距离内存在超出预设安全速度范围的大型车辆或被后方超出预设安全速度范围的大型车辆碰撞时,生成并通过无线网络输出高风险碰撞警告以同步至相邻车辆;A collision information synchronization unit, for generating and outputting a high-risk collision warning via a wireless network to synchronize with adjacent vehicles when a large vehicle exceeding a preset safety speed range is detected within a rear safety distance or when the vehicle is collided with a large vehicle exceeding a preset safety speed range from behind;
碰撞限制管理单元,用于当获取所述高风险碰撞警告后,消除当前车辆的踏板输出限制信号,并通过汽车交互系统输出所述高风险碰撞警告。The collision limitation management unit is used to eliminate the pedal output limitation signal of the current vehicle after obtaining the high-risk collision warning, and output the high-risk collision warning through the vehicle interaction system.
作为本发明的再进一步方案:还包括控制协同模块;As a further solution of the present invention: it also includes a control coordination module;
所述控制协同模块,用于当汽车同时获取汽车控制输出信号和主动制动信号时,无效化所述汽车控制输出信号,并优先执行所述主动制动信号。The control coordination module is used to invalidate the vehicle control output signal and give priority to executing the active braking signal when the vehicle simultaneously obtains the vehicle control output signal and the active braking signal.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:旨在实现在汽车行驶过程中对汽车电动踏板控制车辆动力输出的限制,通过对车辆行驶中的场景进行监控并识别场景中的对象,来判断车辆与对象运动间可能存在的干涉关系,进而在预测中存在可能交叉干涉的对象时,预先生成用于踏板的限制信号,因此在驾驶人员判断错误而误踩踏板时,能够第一时间对控制信号进行限制管控,相较于现有技术中在遇到风险时再采取安全制动措施的方式,能够更早的对车辆运动状态进行安全限制,避免因驾驶人员错误操作导致车辆速度过快而无法规避事故发生的情况发生。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: it aims to achieve the limitation of the power output of the vehicle controlled by the electric pedal of the vehicle during the driving of the vehicle, by monitoring the scene of the vehicle driving and identifying the objects in the scene, to judge the possible interference relationship between the movement of the vehicle and the object, and then generate a restriction signal for the pedal in advance when there are objects that may cross-interference in the prediction. Therefore, when the driver makes an incorrect judgment and accidentally steps on the pedal, the control signal can be restricted and controlled in the first time. Compared with the method of taking safety braking measures when encountering risks in the prior art, the vehicle's movement state can be safely restricted earlier, avoiding the situation where the vehicle speed is too fast and the accident cannot be avoided due to the driver's wrong operation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为一种汽车电动踏板控制系统的组成框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a vehicle electric pedal control system.
图2为一种汽车电动踏板控制系统中风险级别划定模块的组成框图。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the composition of a risk level delineation module in an automobile electric pedal control system.
图3为一种汽车电动踏板控制系统中特殊限制模块的组成框图。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a composition of a special restriction module in an automobile electric pedal control system.
图4为一种汽车电动踏板控制方法的流程框图。FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for controlling an automobile electric pedal.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的具体实现方式进行详细描述。The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
如图1所述,为本发明一个实施例提供的一种汽车电动踏板控制系统,包括:As shown in FIG. 1 , an automobile electric pedal control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:
数据采集同步模块100,用于传感数据的采集及环境对象的同步映射;通过传感设备实时采集车辆周围环境的传感数据,对多个传感器的传感数据进行对齐融合以建立基于车辆原点的孪生监测空间;The data acquisition and synchronization module 100 is used for the acquisition of sensor data and the synchronous mapping of environmental objects; the sensor data of the vehicle's surrounding environment is collected in real time through the sensor equipment, and the sensor data of multiple sensors are aligned and fused to establish a twin monitoring space based on the vehicle origin;
对象识别追踪模块200,用于空间对象的识别与运动特征判定;对实时更新的所述孪生监测空间进行对象识别,并建立所述对象的运动特征,所述对象包括静态对象及运动对象;The object recognition and tracking module 200 is used for the recognition and motion feature determination of spatial objects; the object recognition is performed on the twin monitoring space updated in real time, and the motion features of the object are established, and the object includes a static object and a moving object;
运动干涉判定模块300,用于车辆与对象的运动干涉判定及控制限制建立;基于车辆当前运动状态及与对象间的相对空间关系进行干涉判定,若车辆与对象存在运动干涉风险,则生成踏板输出限制信号;The motion interference determination module 300 is used for motion interference determination between the vehicle and the object and establishment of control limits; interference determination is performed based on the current motion state of the vehicle and the relative spatial relationship between the vehicle and the object, and if there is a risk of motion interference between the vehicle and the object, a pedal output limit signal is generated;
踏板控制限制模块400,用于电动踏板的实时控制限制;基于所述踏板输出限制信号对电动踏板的汽车动力控制输出信号进行限制管控,当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化,所述增量信号用于表征基于当前汽车动力输出信号强度的动力输出增量信号;The pedal control limiting module 400 is used for real-time control limiting of the electric pedal; based on the pedal output limiting signal, the vehicle power control output signal of the electric pedal is limited and controlled. When the pedal output limiting signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated, and the incremental signal is used to represent the power output incremental signal based on the current vehicle power output signal strength;
风险限制反馈模块500,用于踏板输出限制的信息反馈;当所述增量信号无效化时,生成反馈告知信号并通过汽车交互系统输出,所述反馈告知信号包括限制告知及风险告知。The risk limit feedback module 500 is used for feedback of pedal output limit information; when the incremental signal is invalidated, a feedback notification signal is generated and output through the vehicle interaction system, and the feedback notification signal includes a limit notification and a risk notification.
本实施例中,介绍了一种汽车电动踏板控制系统,旨在实现在汽车行驶过程中对汽车电动踏板控制车辆动力输出的限制,通过对车辆行驶中的场景进行监控并识别场景中的对象,来判断车辆与对象运动间可能存在的干涉关系,进而在预测中存在可能交叉干涉的对象时,预先生成用于踏板的限制信号,因此在驾驶人员判断错误而误踩踏板时,能够第一时间对控制信号进行限制管控,相较于现有技术中在遇到风险时再采取安全制动措施的方式,能够更早的对车辆运动状态进行安全限制,避免因驾驶人员错误操作导致车辆速度过快而无法规避事故发生的情况发生;现有技术中,在汽车的驾驶中,驾驶员的控制权限是最高的,即驾驶员所踩的油门(对应实施例中的汽车动力输出信号)或是刹车,均会优先响应,即使当车辆遇到障碍物后安全刹停功能介入时,当介入已经完成后,若是驾驶员深踩油门,此时车辆依然会响应驾驶员的加速行为,这就导致了在现实中经常发生恶劣事故,例如在遇到突发风险时,驾驶员错误操作车辆,导致车辆未能刹停,反而提速,最终对周围造成冲撞,产生严重的财产损失,甚至发生人员伤亡事故,且在现有技术中,新能源电车大量普及,电车为了能够优化车辆续航,通常会设有动能回收功能,这就导致了在日常驾驶中,车辆的刹车使用次数大幅降低,长时间这样可能会导致驾驶员养成不良的驾驶习惯,在突发事件时,找不到刹车或者完全忘记刹车,最终陷入混乱,产生严重的安全事故,本实施例则通过预设置踏板输出限制信号的方式来解决这一问题,具体的实现方式为:通过车辆设置的传感器群组(包括图像传感器及雷达传感器等)对周边环境和运动对象进行感知,并基于当前车辆的运动状态进行判断,若车辆与某个检测到的对象在未来时间内在某处可能会产生运动空间的交叠,则表示存在一定的安全风险,此时在现有技术中,若是对象突然发生运动状态改变时,驾驶人员可能会第一时间没有做出有效反应而误踩加速,最终增加发生事故的可能性,因此当检测出交叠可能性时,则生成一个踏板输出限制信号用于限制驾驶员通过汽车踏板的动力输出,即使驾驶人错误的深踩油门,也因为踏板输出限制信号的存在而不会生效,在这样的情况下,即使驾驶员未能刹车制动,因为油门的限制,车辆的主动安全刹停功能也能够有效的介入并进行处理;同时在踏板输出限制信号有效触发时,还需要通过汽车的中控等交互系统输出并告知驾驶人员,以提醒驾驶人员及时纠正以做出安全判断。In this embodiment, an automobile electric pedal control system is introduced, which aims to limit the power output of the automobile controlled by the automobile electric pedal during the driving of the automobile. By monitoring the scene during the driving of the vehicle and identifying the objects in the scene, the possible interference relationship between the movement of the vehicle and the object is judged, and then when there are objects that may cross-interfere in the prediction, a restriction signal for the pedal is generated in advance. Therefore, when the driver makes an error in judgment and accidentally steps on the pedal, the control signal can be restricted and controlled in the first place. Compared with the method of taking safety braking measures when encountering risks in the prior art, the vehicle movement state can be safely restricted earlier, avoiding the situation where the vehicle speed is too fast and the accident cannot be avoided due to the driver's wrong operation. In the prior art, when driving a car, the driver has the highest control authority, that is, the accelerator (corresponding to the car power output signal in the embodiment) or the brake stepped by the driver will be responded to first. Even when the vehicle encounters an obstacle and the safety brake function intervenes, when the intervention is completed, if the driver steps on the accelerator deeply, the vehicle will still respond to the driver's acceleration behavior. This leads to frequent serious accidents in reality. For example, when encountering sudden risks, the driver operates the vehicle incorrectly, resulting in the vehicle failing to stop but accelerating instead, eventually causing collisions with the surroundings, causing serious property losses, and even casualties. In the prior art, new energy electric vehicles are widely popularized. In order to optimize the vehicle range, electric vehicles are usually equipped with dynamic The energy recovery function results in a significant reduction in the number of times the vehicle's brakes are used in daily driving. This may cause the driver to develop bad driving habits over a long period of time. In the event of an emergency, the driver may not be able to find the brakes or completely forget to brake, eventually falling into confusion and causing serious safety accidents. This embodiment solves this problem by pre-setting a pedal output limit signal. The specific implementation method is: the surrounding environment and moving objects are perceived by a sensor group (including image sensors and radar sensors, etc.) set by the vehicle, and a judgment is made based on the current movement state of the vehicle. If the vehicle and a detected object may have an overlap in movement space somewhere in the future, it means that there is a certain safety risk. At this time, in the prior art If the object's motion state suddenly changes, the driver may not respond effectively in the first time and may mistakenly accelerate, which ultimately increases the possibility of an accident. Therefore, when the possibility of overlap is detected, a pedal output limit signal is generated to limit the driver's power output through the car pedal. Even if the driver mistakenly steps on the accelerator deeply, it will not take effect due to the existence of the pedal output limit signal. In this case, even if the driver fails to brake, the vehicle's active safety brake function can effectively intervene and handle it due to the limitation of the throttle; at the same time, when the pedal output limit signal is effectively triggered, it is also necessary to output and inform the driver through the interactive system such as the car's central control to remind the driver to make timely corrections to make safety judgments.
如图2所示,作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括风险级别划定模块,具体包括:As shown in FIG. 2 , as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a risk level delineation module is further included, specifically including:
对象区分单元610,用于对对象进行特征获取,并基于特征判断所述对象类别,当所述对象为行人对象或非机动对象时,触发风险级别判定流程;The object distinguishing unit 610 is used to obtain features of the object and determine the category of the object based on the features. When the object is a pedestrian object or a non-motorized object, a risk level determination process is triggered;
运动预测单元620,用于获取行人对象或非机动对象的位置及运动状态信息,并基于此预测其在未来一段时间内的运动覆盖区域;The motion prediction unit 620 is used to obtain the position and motion state information of the pedestrian object or the non-motorized object, and based on this, predict its motion coverage area in the future period of time;
基础限制单元630,用于若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域无交叉,则生成风险级别为基础级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述基础级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化;A basic restriction unit 630 is used to generate a pedal output restriction signal with a risk level of a basic level if the motion coverage area does not intersect with the vehicle's driving coverage area in the future, wherein the basic level is used to indicate that when the pedal output restriction signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated;
主动限制单元640,用于若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域存在交叉,获取车辆当前距离交叉区域的缓冲距离,计算在无主动制动下车辆在该缓冲距离下达到安全行人安全车速的输出衰减需求,并基于所述输出衰减需求生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述主动级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效,同时除增量信号外的初始输出信号基于百分比部分无效化。The active limiting unit 640 is used to obtain the buffer distance of the current distance of the vehicle from the intersection area if there is an intersection between the motion coverage area and the driving coverage area of the vehicle in a period of time in the future, calculate the output attenuation requirement for the vehicle to reach a safe pedestrian safety speed at the buffer distance without active braking, and generate an active level pedal output limiting signal based on the output attenuation requirement. The active level is used to indicate that when the pedal output limiting signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalid, and the initial output signal other than the incremental signal is partially invalidated based on a percentage.
本实施例中,补充了风险级别划定模块,其主要用于对象为行人、非机动车等场景下,因为当时对象为此类时,若是与其发生碰撞,对相关人员的伤害是较大的,且行人往往较为聚集,一次撞击可能会涉及多个人员,因此需要进行特殊的更高级别的限制;在预测出附近较近范围内存在行人,但车辆与行人不会出现干涉,为了考虑到部分行人的运动可能存在不可预测性,因此车辆需要保持速度稳定行进,不能在行人附近加速,避免速度提高后可能无法反应来应对行人突然的行动改变;当预测到与行人可能会发生干涉时,则需要提前到进行车辆速度的控制,使得在到达预测的交涉的区域时,车辆能够处于一个完全可控的车辆速度,因此当行人确实出现在预测的交涉区域时,能够第一时间的对车辆进行刹停等待,因此这种情况下的踏板输出限制信号不仅是用于无效化增量信号,还应当具有在一定距离内降低车速的效果,即以一定的百分比对当前油门的输出强度进行无效化,达到车辆降速的目的。In this embodiment, a risk level delineation module is added, which is mainly used in scenarios where the objects are pedestrians, non-motor vehicles, etc., because when the objects are such, if a collision occurs with them, the damage to the relevant personnel is relatively large, and pedestrians are often relatively concentrated, and a collision may involve multiple people, so special higher-level restrictions are required; when it is predicted that there are pedestrians in a relatively close range, but the vehicle and pedestrians will not interfere with each other, in order to take into account the unpredictability of the movement of some pedestrians, the vehicle needs to maintain a stable speed and cannot accelerate near pedestrians to avoid the possibility of being unable to react to sudden changes in pedestrians' actions after the speed is increased; when it is predicted that there may be interference with pedestrians, it is necessary to control the vehicle speed in advance so that when the vehicle reaches the predicted negotiation area, the vehicle can be at a fully controllable vehicle speed, so when the pedestrian does appear in the predicted negotiation area, the vehicle can be braked and wait in the first time, so the pedal output limit signal in this case is not only used to invalidate the incremental signal, but also should have the effect of reducing the vehicle speed within a certain distance, that is, the current throttle output intensity is invalidated by a certain percentage to achieve the purpose of reducing the vehicle speed.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,所述风险级别划定模块还包括:As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk level delineation module further includes:
静态限制单元,用于当所述对象为静态对象时,若当前车辆的行驶覆盖区域与所述静态对象重叠,且无车辆主动制动信号输入时,则计算车辆在无主动制动下车辆在当前与静态对象的距离下达到撞击安全车速的输出衰减需求,并对应生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号。The static limitation unit is used for calculating the output attenuation requirement of the vehicle to reach a safe collision speed at the current distance from the static object without active braking when the object is a static object and the driving coverage area of the current vehicle overlaps with the static object and there is no vehicle active braking signal input, and correspondingly generates an active-level pedal output limitation signal.
本实施例中,对风险级别划定模块补充了静态限制单元,当预测交涉的对象为静态对象时,例如路灯、墙壁和站牌等,这些静态对象是事实存在的,因此若是当前车辆的运动状态不改变,那么预测的交涉重叠是必然发生的,即车辆与静态对象发生碰撞,因此在这种情况下,则需要主动级别的踏板输出限制信号对车辆速度进行控制,避免车辆速度过快而无法有效制动或是驾驶人完全未执行制动的情况下发生碰撞。In this embodiment, a static restriction unit is added to the risk level delineation module. When the object of the predicted negotiation is a static object, such as a street lamp, a wall, and a bus stop sign, these static objects actually exist. Therefore, if the current motion state of the vehicle does not change, then the predicted negotiation overlap is bound to occur, that is, the vehicle collides with the static object. Therefore, in this case, an active level pedal output limit signal is required to control the vehicle speed to avoid a collision when the vehicle speed is too fast and effective braking cannot be performed or when the driver does not perform braking at all.
如图3所示,作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括特殊限制模块,具体包括:As shown in FIG3 , as another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a special restriction module is also included, specifically including:
踏板监测单元710,用于对踏板产生的汽车动力输出信号进行监测,获取所述汽车动力输出信号的单位时间增量,若所述单位时间增量超出预设的安全阈值,则触发反悔保护机制;The pedal monitoring unit 710 is used to monitor the vehicle power output signal generated by the pedal, obtain the unit time increment of the vehicle power output signal, and trigger the regret protection mechanism if the unit time increment exceeds a preset safety threshold;
限制执行单元720,用于执行反悔保护机制,当所述单位时间增量超出安全阈值,若存在踏板输出限制信号时,则所述汽车动力输出信号无效化,若不存在踏板输出限制信号,则对汽车动力输出信号进行连续监测,若连续触发并均超出安全阈值,则响应所述汽车动力输出信号。The restriction execution unit 720 is used to execute the regret protection mechanism. When the unit time increment exceeds the safety threshold, if there is a pedal output restriction signal, the vehicle power output signal is invalidated. If there is no pedal output restriction signal, the vehicle power output signal is continuously monitored. If it is continuously triggered and exceeds the safety threshold, the vehicle power output signal is responded to.
本实施例中,补充了特殊限制模块,其使用的场景是对前一踏板输出限制信号的进一步扩展,在前述的实施例中,踏板输出控制信号是为了在预测到可能发生风险时对车辆车速控制的限制,这种情况下,驾驶人可能已经意识到风险的存在,且准备做出反应,但是可能驾驶人在采取缓慢预减速时,错误的踩成了加速,或者驾驶人错误判断距离,认为还可以加速行驶一段距离,因此需要进行管控限制;而还存在一种极端情况,即驾驶人完全处于慌乱状态,直接油门当成刹车一脚到底,此时这种情况下,驾驶人员的理智是不够清晰的,只是通过速度限制的方式,可能并无法协助驾驶人员反应过来,因此当检测到短时间内的快速加速信号时,当存在踏板输出限制信号时,则直接对油门输出信号进行无效化,使得汽车快速进入减速制动状态,帮助驾驶人员快速冷静;若是不存在踏板输出限制信号,则可能是驾驶人员的一般激烈驾驶行为,但同时考虑到误操作的可能性,因此需要驾驶人员连续控制输入来进行确认,进而达成车辆加速控制。In this embodiment, a special restriction module is added, and its usage scenario is a further extension of the previous pedal output restriction signal. In the aforementioned embodiment, the pedal output control signal is to restrict the vehicle speed control when a possible risk is predicted. In this case, the driver may have realized the existence of the risk and is ready to react, but the driver may mistakenly step on the acceleration when taking slow pre-deceleration, or the driver may misjudge the distance and think that he can still accelerate for a distance, so control and restriction are needed; and there is also an extreme case, that is, the driver is completely in a panic state and directly uses the accelerator as the brake. In this case, the driver's reason is not clear enough, and the speed limit may not help the driver to react. Therefore, when a rapid acceleration signal in a short period of time is detected, when there is a pedal output restriction signal, the throttle output signal is directly invalidated, so that the car quickly enters the deceleration braking state, helping the driver to calm down quickly; if there is no pedal output restriction signal, it may be a general intense driving behavior of the driver, but at the same time, considering the possibility of misoperation, the driver needs to continuously control the input to confirm, and then achieve vehicle acceleration control.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括间接限定模块,具体包括:As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes an indirect limitation module, specifically including:
关联车辆监测单元,用于当车辆正常行驶时,通过孪生监测空间对相邻车道前方车辆进行运动状态记录,获取对应车辆行驶中的实时加速状态;The associated vehicle monitoring unit is used to record the motion status of the vehicle in front of the adjacent lane through the twin monitoring space when the vehicle is driving normally, and obtain the real-time acceleration status of the corresponding vehicle during driving;
间接限定判断单元,用于对相邻车道前方车辆的实时加速状态进行判定,若所述实时加速状态表征为车辆减速,则获取对方的减速速率及与对方车辆的车距,计算减速速率在车距内的平均减速值,并基于所述平均减速值生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号。The indirect limitation judgment unit is used to judge the real-time acceleration state of the vehicle ahead in the adjacent lane. If the real-time acceleration state is characterized by vehicle deceleration, the deceleration rate of the other party and the vehicle distance to the other party are obtained, the average deceleration value of the deceleration rate within the vehicle distance is calculated, and an active level pedal output limitation signal is generated based on the average deceleration value.
本实施例中,在日常车辆驾驶中,可能还会存在两侧车道前方均有车辆存在,产生较大的视野盲区,此时可能会发生行人从两侧车辆前方穿出的情况发生,而当前车辆因为观察到反应的时间过短,可能无法有效的做出制动反馈,导致发生事故,因此可以通过对左右前方车辆的运动状态追踪判断,来进行风险评估,当检测到左右前方车辆正常行驶中减速,则表示可能存在当前车辆视角外没有行人而左右前方车辆视角内可能存在行人,并对应做出来减速规避,因此当前车辆可以基于此进行主动的车辆油门输出限制来控制车辆速度,以保证在行人突然出现时能够有足够的制动距离,这里的平均减速值的计算方式,则是因为当前车辆处于后方的位置处,因此可以减速的距离更长,则可以根据左右前方车辆的减速速率进行比例减速。In this embodiment, in daily vehicle driving, there may be vehicles in front of both lanes, resulting in a large blind spot. At this time, pedestrians may pass in front of the vehicles on both sides, and the current vehicle may not be able to effectively make braking feedback because the reaction time is too short, resulting in an accident. Therefore, risk assessment can be performed by tracking and judging the motion status of the left and right front vehicles. When it is detected that the left and right front vehicles are decelerating during normal driving, it means that there may be no pedestrians outside the field of view of the current vehicle but there may be pedestrians in the field of view of the left and right front vehicles, and corresponding deceleration avoidance is performed. Therefore, the current vehicle can actively limit the vehicle throttle output to control the vehicle speed based on this to ensure that there is enough braking distance when pedestrians suddenly appear. The average deceleration value here is calculated because the current vehicle is in a rear position, so the distance that can be decelerated is longer, and proportional deceleration can be performed according to the deceleration rate of the left and right front vehicles.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括碰撞限制管理模块,具体包括:As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a collision limitation management module is also included, specifically including:
碰撞信息同步单元,用于当检测到后方安全距离内存在超出预设安全速度范围的大型车辆或被后方超出预设安全速度范围的大型车辆碰撞时,生成并通过无线网络输出高风险碰撞警告以同步至相邻车辆;A collision information synchronization unit, for generating and outputting a high-risk collision warning via a wireless network to synchronize with adjacent vehicles when a large vehicle exceeding a preset safety speed range is detected within a rear safety distance or when the vehicle is collided with a large vehicle exceeding a preset safety speed range from behind;
碰撞限制管理单元,用于当获取所述高风险碰撞警告后,消除当前车辆的踏板输出限制信号,并通过汽车交互系统输出所述高风险碰撞警告。The collision limitation management unit is used to eliminate the pedal output limitation signal of the current vehicle after obtaining the high-risk collision warning, and output the high-risk collision warning through the vehicle interaction system.
本实施例中,在前述实施例中,踏板输出限制信号能够很好的保护车辆和行人的安全,但因为限制的存在,当车辆遇到较大需要规避的风险时,这一限制可能会导致即使驾驶人员反应过来进行规避,但是限制存在延长了驾驶人的规避时长,例如当车辆后方存在失控的大货车时,而前方近距离存在车辆,此时限制油门踏板的输出,可能会导致驾驶人不能快速的加速车辆以进行风险规避(后方小车遮挡也会影响车辆传感系统对于大货车的发现),因此,当某一辆小车检测到大货车风险时,则可以通过无线网络对周边车辆进行快速的信息扩散,并用于解除踏板输出限制信号,保证驾驶人能及时的做出反应并快速控制车辆规避,降低事故发生的概率和人财损失情况。In this embodiment, in the aforementioned embodiment, the pedal output limit signal can well protect the safety of vehicles and pedestrians, but because of the existence of the limitation, when the vehicle encounters a large risk that needs to be avoided, this limitation may result in that even if the driver reacts to avoid it, the limitation prolongs the driver's avoidance time. For example, when there is an out-of-control large truck behind the vehicle and there is a vehicle in front at a close distance, limiting the output of the accelerator pedal at this time may cause the driver to be unable to accelerate the vehicle quickly to avoid the risk (the obstruction of the small car behind will also affect the vehicle sensor system's detection of the large truck). Therefore, when a small car detects the risk of a large truck, it can quickly spread information to surrounding vehicles through the wireless network, and use it to release the pedal output limit signal to ensure that the driver can respond in time and quickly control the vehicle to avoid it, thereby reducing the probability of accidents and the loss of life and property.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括控制协同模块;As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a control coordination module;
所述控制协同模块,用于当汽车同时获取汽车控制输出信号和主动制动信号时,无效化所述汽车控制输出信号,并优先执行所述主动制动信号。The control coordination module is used to invalidate the vehicle control output signal and give priority to executing the active braking signal when the vehicle simultaneously obtains the vehicle control output signal and the active braking signal.
本实施例中,对油门刹车信号的优先级进行了限定,可以很好的应对驾驶人慌乱时的错误操作行为,当油门踏板和刹车信号同时输出时,则直接无视油门信号,以避免事故的发生。In this embodiment, the priority of the accelerator and brake signals is limited, which can effectively deal with the driver's erroneous operating behavior when he is panicked. When the accelerator pedal and brake signals are output at the same time, the accelerator signal is directly ignored to avoid accidents.
如图4所示,本发明还提供了一种汽车电动踏板控制方法,其包含步骤:As shown in FIG. 4 , the present invention also provides a method for controlling an electric pedal of an automobile, which comprises the steps of:
S10,传感数据的采集及环境对象的同步映射;通过传感设备实时采集车辆周围环境的传感数据,对多个传感器的传感数据进行对齐融合以建立基于车辆原点的孪生监测空间;S10, collection of sensor data and synchronous mapping of environmental objects; sensor data of the vehicle's surrounding environment is collected in real time through sensor equipment, and the sensor data of multiple sensors are aligned and fused to establish a twin monitoring space based on the vehicle origin;
S20,空间对象的识别与运动特征判定;对实时更新的所述孪生监测空间进行对象识别,并建立所述对象的运动特征,所述对象包括静态对象及运动对象;S20, identification of spatial objects and determination of motion characteristics: performing object identification on the twin monitoring space updated in real time and establishing motion characteristics of the objects, the objects including static objects and moving objects;
S30,车辆与对象的运动干涉判定及控制限制建立;基于车辆当前运动状态及与对象间的相对空间关系进行干涉判定,若车辆与对象存在运动干涉风险,则生成踏板输出限制信号;S30, determining the motion interference between the vehicle and the object and establishing control limits; performing interference determination based on the current motion state of the vehicle and the relative spatial relationship between the vehicle and the object, and generating a pedal output limit signal if there is a risk of motion interference between the vehicle and the object;
S40,电动踏板的实时控制限制;基于所述踏板输出限制信号对电动踏板的汽车动力控制输出信号进行限制管控,当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化,所述增量信号用于表征基于当前汽车动力输出信号强度的动力输出增量信号;S40, real-time control restriction of the electric pedal; limiting and controlling the vehicle power control output signal of the electric pedal based on the pedal output restriction signal, when the pedal output restriction signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated, and the incremental signal is used to represent the power output incremental signal based on the current vehicle power output signal strength;
S50,踏板输出限制的信息反馈;当所述增量信号无效化时,生成反馈告知信号并通过汽车交互系统输出,所述反馈告知信号包括限制告知及风险告知。S50, feedback of pedal output limitation information; when the incremental signal is invalidated, a feedback notification signal is generated and output through the vehicle interaction system, and the feedback notification signal includes limitation notification and risk notification.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,还包括风险级别划定步骤,具体包括:As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it also includes a risk level delineation step, specifically including:
对对象进行特征获取,并基于特征判断所述对象类别,当所述对象为行人对象或非机动对象时,触发风险级别判定流程;Acquiring features of the object and determining the category of the object based on the features, and triggering a risk level determination process when the object is a pedestrian or a non-motorized object;
获取行人对象或非机动对象的位置及运动状态信息,并基于此预测其在未来一段时间内的运动覆盖区域;Obtain the location and motion status information of pedestrians or non-motorized objects, and based on this, predict their motion coverage area in the future;
若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域无交叉,则生成风险级别为基础级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述基础级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效化;If the movement coverage area does not intersect with the vehicle's driving coverage area in the future, a pedal output limit signal with a basic risk level is generated, and the basic level is used to indicate that when the pedal output limit signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle power output signal is invalidated;
若所述运动覆盖区域与车辆在未来一段时间内的行驶覆盖区域存在交叉,获取车辆当前距离交叉区域的缓冲距离,计算在无主动制动下车辆在该缓冲距离下达到安全行人安全车速的输出衰减需求,并基于所述输出衰减需求生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号,所述主动级别用于表征当所述踏板输出限制信号存在时,所述汽车动力输出信号的增量信号无效,同时除增量信号外的初始输出信号基于百分比部分无效化。If the motion coverage area intersects with the vehicle's driving coverage area in the future, obtain the buffer distance of the vehicle's current distance from the intersection area, calculate the output attenuation requirement for the vehicle to reach a safe pedestrian safety speed at the buffer distance without active braking, and generate an active level pedal output limit signal based on the output attenuation requirement. The active level is used to characterize that when the pedal output limit signal exists, the incremental signal of the vehicle's power output signal is invalid, and the initial output signal except the incremental signal is partially invalidated based on a percentage.
作为本发明另一个优选的实施例,所述风险级别划定步骤还包括:As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the risk level delineation step further includes:
当所述对象为静态对象时,若当前车辆的行驶覆盖区域与所述静态对象重叠,且无车辆主动制动信号输入时,则计算车辆在无主动制动下车辆在当前与静态对象的距离下达到撞击安全车速的输出衰减需求,并对应生成主动级别的踏板输出限制信号。When the object is a static object, if the current vehicle's driving coverage area overlaps with the static object and there is no vehicle active braking signal input, the output attenuation requirement for the vehicle to reach a safe collision speed at the current distance from the static object without active braking is calculated, and an active-level pedal output limit signal is generated accordingly.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用,均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限,RAM以多种形式可得,诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink) DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。A person of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment method can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实施例处的公开后,将容易想到本公开的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本公开的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化,这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的,本公开的真正范围和精神由权利要求指出。Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the disclosure in the specification and examples. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present disclosure, which follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present disclosure. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure are indicated by the claims.
应当理解的是,本公开并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本公开的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
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