CN118472496A - A battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle, which comprises a mounting plate, a battery core, a protective shell, a liquid cooling system and a main control unit, wherein the liquid cooling system comprises a cooling liquid storage tank, a liquid outlet pump, a liquid inlet pump, U-shaped pipelines, a converging pipe, a liquid return pipe, penetrating pipes, connecting pipes, electromagnetic valves, a first electric sliding table, a first telescopic pipe, a butt joint pipe and a butt joint mechanism, the first electric sliding table can drive the butt joint pipe to one side of the connecting pipe at different positions according to different temperatures of the battery core, the butt joint mechanism can butt joint the butt joint pipe with the connecting pipe, cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank can enter the U-shaped pipelines through the first telescopic pipe, the butt joint pipe and the connecting pipe under the action of the liquid outlet pump, and the connecting pipes are correspondingly arranged at two sides of each penetrating pipe, so that the cooling liquid can enter the penetrating pipes preferentially, the battery core with higher temperature is cooled preferentially, the discharge performance of the whole battery pack is ensured, and the endurance is improved.

Description

A battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles.

Background Art

With the transformation of the global energy structure and the improvement of environmental protection awareness, electric vehicles have become an important development direction of the automotive industry, and there is a trend of replacing traditional fuel vehicles. The main difference between electric vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles is that traditional fuel vehicles are powered by burning fuel, while electric vehicles are powered by batteries. Therefore, the performance of the battery system directly affects the endurance and market competitiveness of electric vehicles. The endurance of electric vehicles has always been the main direction of development for car companies. In addition to expanding battery capacity, major manufacturers are working on the battery itself and surrounding structures, including optimizing chassis layout, structural integration, improving the heat dissipation system and reducing battery energy consumption. The heat dissipation of current electric vehicle batteries The system is mainly divided into air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling uses a cooling fan to drive air flow, allowing air to pass through the gaps between battery cells to drive heat, while liquid cooling installs cooling pipes between battery cells and removes heat through the flow of coolant in the cooling pipes. Liquid cooling is more efficient and has higher temperature control accuracy than air cooling. However, in actual use, there are still some problems with the liquid cooling system of the battery. The flow of coolant basically follows a fixed path, and there is a temperature difference between battery cells in different positions. The coolant cannot flow through the battery cells with higher temperatures for priority cooling, resulting in differences in the cooling effect of the battery cells. Some battery cells are still at a high temperature, thus affecting the battery life.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention proposes a battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles, which can adjust the flow path of the coolant according to the heating situation, so as to give priority to cooling the battery cells with higher temperatures, thereby improving the battery endurance.

The technical solution of the present invention is achieved in this way:

A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle, comprising a mounting plate, a battery cell, a protective shell, a liquid cooling system and a main control unit, wherein the protective shell and the main control unit are both arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the battery cells are arranged in an array inside the protective shell; the liquid cooling system comprises a coolant storage tank, a liquid outlet pump, a liquid inlet pump, a U-shaped pipeline, a convergence pipe, a liquid return pipe, an interlaced pipe, a connecting pipe, a solenoid valve, a first electric slide, a first telescopic pipe, a docking pipe and a docking mechanism, the coolant storage tank is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, the liquid outlet pump is arranged on the side wall opposite to the coolant storage tank, the liquid inlet pump is arranged on the side wall of the coolant storage tank facing the protective shell, the U-shaped pipeline is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the protective shell and covers all the battery cells inside, the two ends of the U-shaped pipeline extend out of the protective shell and are connected to the convergence pipe, the liquid return pipe One end is connected to the converging pipe, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet pump. The insertion tube is arranged in the protective shell and located between different rows of battery cells. The insertion tube is connected to the U-shaped pipeline on both sides. The connecting pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell, and its end extends into the protective shell and is connected to the U-shaped pipeline. The solenoid valve is arranged on the connecting pipe, and the axis of the insertion tube coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe. The first electric slide is relatively arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the protective shell is located between the first electric slides. The docking tube is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide. The first telescopic tube connects the liquid outlet pump and the docking tube, and the connecting tube is located on one side of the moving path of the docking tube. The docking mechanism is used to drive the docking tube to dock with the connecting tube; the main control unit is electrically connected to the liquid outlet pump, the liquid inlet pump, the solenoid valve, the first electric slide and the docking mechanism respectively.

Preferably, the docking tube includes a fixed tube, a second telescopic tube and a movable tube, the docking mechanism includes a force plate and an electric push rod, the fixed tube is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide, the first telescopic tube is connected to the fixed tube, the fixed tube, the second telescopic tube and the movable tube are connected in sequence, the force plate is arranged on the outer wall of the movable tube, the electric push rod is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide, and its output shaft is connected to the side wall of the force plate, the outer wall diameter of the movable tube is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the connecting tube, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the electric push rod.

Preferably, the docking mechanism also includes an air pump, an air pipeline and an annular airbag, the air pump is arranged on the top surface of the moving tube, the annular airbag is arranged on the outer wall of the moving tube, the air pipeline connects the air pump and the annular airbag, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the air pump.

Preferably, the docking mechanism further includes an air vent pipe and an air valve, the air vent pipe is connected to the gas pipeline, the air valve is arranged on the air vent pipe, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the air valve.

Preferably, the docking mechanism also includes a launching tube and a receiving tube, the receiving tube is arranged on the side wall of the force-bearing plate away from the electric push rod, the launching tube is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the connecting tube and is located on one side of the moving path of the receiving tube, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the launching tube and the receiving tube respectively.

Preferably, the liquid cooling system further comprises a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the liquid return pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pump through the heat exchanger.

Preferably, a temperature sensor is further included, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged in the protective shell and located between the battery cells, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor.

Preferably, it also includes a self-inspection mechanism, which includes a transverse electric slide, a vertical electric slide and a heating plate. The top surface of the mounting plate is provided with a accommodating cavity. The top of the protective shell is a thermally conductive silicone plate. The thermally conductive silicone plate is located below the accommodating cavity. The vertical electric slide is relatively arranged on the side walls of the accommodating cavity. The two sides of the transverse electric slide are connected to the side walls of the mover of the vertical electric slide. The heating plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the transverse electric slide and contacts with the thermally conductive silicone plate. The main control unit is electrically connected to the transverse electric slide, the vertical electric slide and the heating plate respectively.

Preferably, the self-test mechanism further includes a liquid flow sensor, the liquid flow sensor is disposed in the connecting pipe, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the liquid flow sensor.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

① Place the protective shell and coolant storage tank at the bottom of the mounting plate, and after arranging the battery cells in the protective shell, the mounting plate can be installed on the car chassis. By adjusting the mounting plate, it can be applied to different car chassis, improving the convenience of assembly;

② The battery cells are arranged in an array in the protective shell, and interpenetrating tubes are arranged between adjacent rows of battery cells. Both ends of the interpenetrating tubes are connected to the U-shaped pipeline. The coolant in the coolant storage tank can be pumped out by the liquid outlet pump and input into the connecting pipe through the first telescopic tube and the butt pipe. The coolant can flow into the interpenetrating tube and the U-shaped pipeline to achieve cooling of the battery cells. Then the coolant can be pumped back to the coolant storage tank by the liquid inlet pump through the converging pipe and the return pipe to achieve circulating cooling;

③ There are multiple connecting tubes, and a first electric slide is provided on one side of the connecting tube. The first electric slide can drive the docking tube to move to the side of different connecting tubes, and then the docking tube and the connecting tube can be docked through the docking mechanism, so as to adjust the coolant entry position, so as to give priority to cooling the battery cells with higher temperature and improve the battery life.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

FIG1 is a bottom view of a battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

FIG2 is an enlarged view of point A in FIG1 ;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a protective shell and a bottom plate of a battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to the present invention;

In the figure, 1 is a mounting plate, 2 is a battery cell, 3 is a protective shell, 4 is a main control unit, 5 is a coolant storage tank, 6 is a liquid outlet pump, 7 is a liquid inlet pump, 8 is a U-shaped pipeline, 9 is a converging pipe, 10 is a liquid return pipe, 11 is an interlaced pipe, 12 is a connecting pipe, 13 is an electromagnetic valve, 14 is a first electric slide, 15 is a first telescopic pipe, 16 is a docking pipe, 17 is a fixed pipe, 18 is a second telescopic pipe, 19 is a moving pipe, 20 is a force plate, 21 is an electric push rod, 22 is an air pump, 23 is an air pipeline, 24 is an annular airbag, 25 is an air release pipe, 26 is an air valve, 27 is a transmitting tube, 28 is a receiving tube, 29 is a heat exchanger, 30 is a temperature sensor, 31 is a horizontal electric slide, 32 is a vertical electric slide, 33 is a heating plate, 34 is a accommodating cavity, 35 is a thermally conductive silicone plate, and 36 is a liquid flow sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, a specific embodiment is provided below, and the present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle provided by the present invention comprises a mounting plate 1, a battery cell 2, a protective shell 3, a liquid cooling system and a main control unit 4, wherein the protective shell 3 and the main control unit 4 are both arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1, and the battery cell 2 is arranged in an array inside the protective shell 3; the liquid cooling system comprises a coolant storage tank 5, a liquid outlet pump 6, a liquid inlet pump 7, a U-shaped pipeline 8, a convergence pipe 9, a liquid return pipe 10, an interlaced pipe 11, a connecting pipe 12, a solenoid valve 13, a first electric slide 14, a first telescopic pipe 15, a butt joint pipe 16 and a butt joint mechanism, wherein the coolant storage tank 5 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1, the liquid outlet pump 6 is arranged on the side wall opposite to the coolant storage tank 5, the liquid inlet pump 7 is arranged on the side wall of the coolant storage tank 5 facing the protective shell 3, the U-shaped pipeline 8 is closely attached to the inner wall of the protective shell 3, and all the battery cells 2 are covered inside, the two ends of the U-shaped pipeline extend out of the protective shell 3 and are connected to the convergence pipe 9, the liquid return pipe 10 is connected to the converging pipe 9 at one end and to the liquid inlet pump 7 at the other end. The insertion pipe 11 is arranged in the protective shell 3 and is located between different rows of battery cells 2. Both sides of the insertion pipe 11 are connected to the U-shaped pipeline 8. The connecting pipe 12 is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell 3, and its end extends into the protective shell 3 and is connected to the U-shaped pipeline 8. The solenoid valve 13 is arranged on the connecting pipe 12. The axis of the insertion pipe 11 coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe 12. The first electric slide 14 is relatively arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1. The protective shell 3 is located between the first electric slides 14. The docking pipe 16 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide 14. The first telescopic tube 15 connects the liquid outlet pump 6 and the docking pipe 16. The connecting pipe 12 is located on one side of the moving path of the docking pipe 16. The docking mechanism is used to drive the docking pipe 16 to dock with the connecting pipe 12; the main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the liquid outlet pump 6, the liquid inlet pump 7, the solenoid valve 13, the first electric slide 14 and the docking mechanism respectively.

The mounting plate 1 is used to be installed on the bottom plate of a new energy vehicle. A coolant storage tank 5 and a protective shell 3 are arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1, wherein the battery cells 2 are arranged in an array in the protective shell 3, and a U-shaped pipeline 8 is arranged in the protective shell 3. The outer wall of the U-shaped pipeline 8 is in close contact with the inner wall of the protective shell 3, and the battery cells 2 are located between the U-shaped pipeline 8. The battery cells 2 are a multi-row structure, and interpenetrating tubes 11 are arranged between adjacent rows of battery cells 2. Both ends of the interpenetrating tube 11 are connected to the U-shaped pipeline 8, and both ends of the U-shaped pipeline 8 extend to the outside of the protective shell 3 and are connected to the converging pipe 9. A return liquid pipe 10 is arranged in the middle of the converging pipe 9, and the return liquid pipe 10 is connected to the coolant storage tank 5 through a liquid inlet pump 7. Liquid outlet pumps 6 are arranged on both sides of the coolant storage tank 5, and the liquid outlet pump 6 can extract the coolant in the coolant storage tank 5. A first telescopic pipe 15 is arranged at the outlet of the liquid outlet pump 6, and the first telescopic pipe 15 is connected to the docking pipe 16 The first electric slide 14 can drive the docking tube 16 to move. A plurality of connecting tubes 12 are arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell 3. The number of connecting tubes 12 on the same side is the same as the number of insertion tubes 11, and the end of the connecting tube 12 extends into the protective shell 3 and is connected to the U-shaped pipeline 8. At the same time, the axis of the insertion tube 11 coincides with the axis of the connecting tube 12. When the docking tube 16 moves to one side of the connecting tube 12, the docking mechanism can dock the docking tube 16 with the connecting tube 12. The coolant drawn out by the liquid outlet pump 6 can enter the U-shaped pipeline 8 through the connecting tube 12. The coolant will flow through the U-shaped pipeline 8 and the insertion tube 11. While flowing, the heat generated by the battery cell 2 will be taken away. The coolant after heat exchange will flow out from both ends of the U-shaped pipeline 8, and will be pumped back to the coolant storage tank 5 through the converging tube 9 and the return pipe 10 through the liquid inlet pump 7, so as to realize circulating liquid cooling and prevent the battery cell 2 from being overheated and affecting the charging and discharging performance.

Since the docking tube 16 can be moved, the solenoid valve 13 is provided on the connecting tube 12, which can control one of the connecting tubes 12 on the same side to be opened, while the other connecting tubes 12 are in a closed state. When the battery cells 2 in the protective shell 3 have uneven temperatures, the docking tube 16 can be moved to the sides of the insertion tube 11 where the battery cells 2 with higher temperatures are located. After the docking tube 16 is docked with the connecting tube 12, the coolant will preferentially flow into the insertion tubes 11 on both sides of the battery cells 2 with higher temperatures, thereby achieving preferential cooling of the battery cells 2 with higher temperatures, ensuring the performance of the entire battery, and improving the battery life.

Preferably, the docking tube 16 includes a fixed tube 17, a second telescopic tube 18 and a movable tube 19, the docking mechanism includes a force plate 20 and an electric push rod 21, the fixed tube 17 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide 14, the first telescopic tube 15 is connected to the fixed tube 17, the fixed tube 17, the second telescopic tube 18 and the movable tube 19 are connected in sequence, the force plate 20 is arranged on the outer wall of the movable tube 19, the electric push rod 21 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide 14, and its output shaft is connected to the side wall of the force plate 20, the outer wall diameter of the movable tube 19 is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the connecting tube 12, and the main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the electric push rod 21.

When the docking tube 16 moves to one side of the connecting tube 12, the electric push rod 21 can push the force plate 20 to move, and the force plate 20 can drive the moving tube 19 to move toward the connecting tube 12, and finally insert the moving tube 19 into the connecting tube 12 to achieve docking, and the coolant extracted by the liquid outlet pump 6 can be input into the connecting tube 12 through the first telescopic tube 15, the fixed tube 17, the second telescopic tube 18 and the moving tube 19 to achieve fixed-point delivery of the coolant, and the setting of the second telescopic tube 18 can ensure that the moving tube 19 and the connecting tube 12 are accurately docked.

Preferably, the docking mechanism also includes an air pump 22, an air pipeline 23 and an annular airbag 24, the air pump 22 is arranged on the top surface of the moving tube 19, the annular airbag 24 is arranged on the outer wall of the moving tube 19, the air pipeline 23 connects the air pump 22 and the annular airbag 24, the main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the air pump 22, the docking mechanism also includes an air release pipe 25 and an air valve 26, the air release pipe 25 is connected to the air pipeline 23, the air valve 26 is arranged on the air release pipe 25, and the main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the air valve 26.

In order to prevent the coolant from overflowing from the connection between the moving tube 19 and the connecting tube 12, an annular airbag 24 is arranged on the outer wall of the moving tube 19. When the moving tube 19 is extended into the connecting tube 12, the air pump 22 can be turned on, and the air pump 22 will deliver external air to the annular airbag 24 through the air supply pipe 23. After the annular airbag 24 is inflated, the gap between the outer wall of the moving tube 19 and the inner wall of the connecting tube 12 can be sealed to prevent the coolant from overflowing. After the cooling work is completed, the air valve 26 can be opened, and the air in the annular airbag 24 can be discharged to the outside through the air supply pipe 23 and the air valve 26. After the annular airbag 24 shrinks, the moving tube 19 can be smoothly withdrawn from the connecting tube 12.

Preferably, the docking mechanism also includes a launching tube 27 and a receiving tube 28. The receiving tube 28 is arranged on the side wall of the force-bearing plate 20 away from the electric push rod 21. The launching tube 27 is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the connecting tube 12 and is located on one side of the moving path of the receiving tube 28. The main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the launching tube 27 and the receiving tube 28 respectively.

When the first electric slide 14 drives the docking tube 16 to dock with the connecting tube 12, it is necessary to ensure that the positions of the moving tube 19 and the connecting tube 12 are accurately relative to each other. Therefore, a transmitting tube 27 is relatively arranged on the outer wall of the connecting tube 12, and a receiving tube 28 is arranged on the two side walls of the force plate 20. When the center of the moving tube 19 is completely aligned with the center of the connecting tube 12, the receiving tubes 28 on both sides can receive the infrared light emitted by the transmitting tube 27. By setting the frequency of the transmitting tube 27 to different forms, it can be determined on which side of the connecting tube 12 the moving tube 19 is located, so as to facilitate positioning of the position of the moving tube 19.

Preferably, the liquid cooling system further comprises a heat exchanger 29 , which is disposed on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 1 , and the liquid return pipe 10 is connected to the liquid inlet pump 7 via the heat exchanger 29 .

The temperature of the coolant after heat exchange will increase. After flowing into the return pipe 10 through the converging pipe 9, it will flow into the heat exchanger 29. The coolant will exchange heat with the external air in the heat exchanger 29. The coolant with lowered temperature can be returned to the coolant storage tank 5 for storage for circulating cooling.

Preferably, a temperature sensor 30 is further included. The temperature sensor 30 is disposed in the protective shell 3 and located between the battery cells 2 . The main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 30 .

The temperature sensor 30 is used to detect the temperature of the battery cell 2, so as to obtain the position of the battery cell 2 with a higher temperature, so as to facilitate the connection tube 16 to the corresponding position for liquid cooling and heat dissipation.

Preferably, a self-inspection mechanism is also included, which includes a transverse electric slide 31, a vertical electric slide 32 and a heating plate 33. A accommodating cavity 34 is arranged on the top surface of the mounting plate 1. A thermally conductive silicone plate 35 is arranged on the top of the protective shell 3. The thermally conductive silicone plate 35 is located below the accommodating cavity 34. The vertical electric slide 32 is relatively arranged on the side wall of the accommodating cavity 34. Both sides of the transverse electric slide 31 are connected to the side walls of the mover of the vertical electric slide 32. The heating plate 33 is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the transverse electric slide 31 and contacts with the thermally conductive silicone plate 35. The main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the transverse electric slide 31, the vertical electric slide 32 and the heating plate 33 respectively.

In order to ensure that the docking tube 16 can be accurately moved to the corresponding side of the connecting tube 12, the present invention is provided with a self-inspection mechanism, and a accommodating chamber 34 is arranged on the top of the protective shell 3, and a self-inspection mechanism is arranged in the accommodating chamber 34, wherein the vertical electric slide 32 can drive the horizontal electric slide 31 to move vertically, and the horizontal electric slide 31 can drive the heating plate 33 to move horizontally. Driven by the vertical electric slide 32 and the horizontal electric slide 31, the heating plate 33 can be moved to any position of the thermal conductive silicone plate 35. After the heating plate 33 is heated, the heat can be transferred to the battery cell 2. The temperature sensor 30 on the battery cell 2 can detect the temperature data and simulate the heating state of the battery cell 2. Then the main control unit 4 can drive the first electric slide 14 to drive the docking tube 16 to move to the corresponding side of the connecting tube 12 to realize targeted liquid cooling to check whether the function is normal. When the function is abnormal, repair and maintenance can be carried out in time to ensure that the battery cell 2 with higher temperature can be cooled preferentially at any time.

Preferably, the self-checking mechanism further includes a liquid flow sensor 36 , which is disposed in the connecting pipe 12 , and the main control unit 4 is electrically connected to the liquid flow sensor 36 .

When performing self-test, the heating of the battery cell 2 will be simulated, the docking tube 16 will move to the corresponding side of the connecting tube 12 for docking, and the coolant will enter the connecting tube 12. The liquid flow sensor 36 arranged in the connecting tube 12 can detect whether there is coolant flowing in, so as to determine whether the entire temperature detection, movement of the docking tube 16 and liquid cooling system can work normally and accurately.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a mounting plate, a battery cell, a protective shell, a liquid cooling system and a main control unit, the protective shell and the main control unit are both arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the battery cells are arranged in an array inside the protective shell; the liquid cooling system comprises a coolant storage tank, a liquid outlet pump, a liquid inlet pump, a U-shaped pipeline, a convergence pipe, a liquid return pipe, an interlaced pipe, a connecting pipe, a solenoid valve, a first electric slide, a first telescopic pipe, a docking pipe and a docking mechanism, the coolant storage tank is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, the liquid outlet pump is arranged on the side wall opposite to the coolant storage tank, the liquid inlet pump is arranged on the side wall of the coolant storage tank facing the protective shell, the U-shaped pipeline is tightly attached to the inner side wall of the protective shell and covers all the battery cells inside, the two ends of the U-shaped pipeline extend out of the protective shell and are connected to the convergence pipe, the One end of the liquid return pipe is connected to the converging pipe, and the other end is connected to the liquid inlet pump. The interpenetrating tube is arranged in the protective shell and located between different rows of battery cells. Both sides of the interpenetrating tube are connected to the U-shaped pipeline. The connecting pipe is arranged on the outer wall of the protective shell, and its end extends into the protective shell and is connected to the U-shaped pipeline. The solenoid valve is arranged on the connecting pipe, and the axis of the interpenetrating tube coincides with the axis of the connecting pipe. The first electric slide is relatively arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the protective shell is located between the first electric slides. The docking tube is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide. The first telescopic tube connects the liquid outlet pump and the docking tube, and the connecting pipe is located on one side of the moving path of the docking tube. The docking mechanism is used to drive the docking tube to dock with the connecting tube; the main control unit is electrically connected to the liquid outlet pump, the liquid inlet pump, the solenoid valve, the first electric slide and the docking mechanism respectively. 2. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the docking tube includes a fixed tube, a second telescopic tube and a movable tube, the docking mechanism includes a force plate and an electric push rod, the fixed tube is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide, the first telescopic tube is connected to the fixed tube, the fixed tube, the second telescopic tube and the movable tube are connected in sequence, the force plate is arranged on the outer wall of the movable tube, the electric push rod is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the first electric slide, and its output shaft is connected to the side wall of the force plate, the outer wall diameter of the movable tube is smaller than the inner wall diameter of the connecting tube, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the electric push rod. 3. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the docking mechanism also includes an air pump, an air pipeline and an annular airbag, the air pump is arranged on the top surface of the moving tube, the annular airbag is arranged on the outer wall of the moving tube, the air pipeline connects the air pump and the annular airbag, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the air pump. 4. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that the docking mechanism also includes an air vent pipe and an air valve, the air vent pipe is connected to the gas pipeline, the air valve is arranged on the air vent pipe, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the air valve. 5. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that the docking mechanism also includes a transmitting tube and a receiving tube, the receiving tube is arranged on the side wall of the force-bearing plate away from the electric push rod, the transmitting tube is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the connecting tube and is located on one side of the moving path of the receiving tube, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the transmitting tube and the receiving tube respectively. 6. A battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid cooling system also includes a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, and the liquid return pipe is connected to the liquid inlet pump through the heat exchanger. 7. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor is arranged in the protective shell and located between the battery cells, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor. 8. A battery for improving the endurance of electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a self-inspection mechanism, the self-inspection mechanism includes a horizontal electric slide, a vertical electric slide and a heating plate, the top surface of the mounting plate is provided with a accommodating cavity, the top of the protective shell is a thermally conductive silicone plate, the thermally conductive silicone plate is located below the accommodating cavity, the vertical electric slide is relatively arranged on the side wall of the accommodating cavity, the two sides of the horizontal electric slide are connected to the side walls of the mover of the vertical electric slide, the heating plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the mover of the horizontal electric slide and contacts with the thermally conductive silicone plate, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the horizontal electric slide, the vertical electric slide and the heating plate respectively. 9. A battery for improving the endurance of an electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the self-test mechanism also includes a liquid flow sensor, the liquid flow sensor is arranged in a connecting pipe, and the main control unit is electrically connected to the liquid flow sensor.