CN118464207A - Multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system and debugging method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system and debugging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection, and particularly relates to a laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes and a device debugging method applied to signal light measurement of different coupling modes. The measuring system comprises a base station, an optical signal adjusting mechanism, a balance detector, a data processing module, a photosensitive assembly, an oscilloscope, an executing mechanism and a controller. The invention realizes the light spot size matching of different coupling modes by adjusting the collimator; the problem of accurate adjustment of the light spot overlapping ratio is solved by arranging the space arrangement of devices such as a collimator, a lens, a beam splitting prism, a reflecting mirror and the like; the balance detection double-arm energy equipartition is realized through the energy beam splitting prism, and finally the laser frequency measurement compatible with different coupling modes is realized, and the precise adjustment of the light path and the signal focal length is realized by means of the photosensitive assembly and the oscilloscope during the equipment debugging. The invention solves the problem that the existing equipment can only measure the optical frequency of the signal in a single coupling mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection, and particularly relates to a laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes and a device debugging method for realizing frequency measurement of single-mode coupling signal light, multi-mode coupling signal light and collimated space light based on the system.
Background
The existing optical signal frequency measurement scheme mainly comprises an all-fiber scheme and a space optical interference scheme. The all-fiber scheme is to connect the local oscillation light and the signal light into a polarization maintaining beam splitter by adopting a single-mode polarization maintaining fiber, then connect the polarization maintaining beam splitter into a balance detector, generate beat frequency signals and finish measurement. The disadvantage of this solution is that it can only be used for laser frequency measurement in single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber, and even with polarization controllers it can only be adapted to single-mode fiber, and it is not possible to do so for free-space-coupled or multimode-coupled lasers. For example, in windfinding lidar and in the space application of optical frequency combs that have emerged in recent years. In these scenarios, it is often necessary to receive the relevant signal light from the telescope.
The space optical interference scheme is a scheme which can be specially used for measuring space optical frequency, and the scheme is characterized in that local oscillation light A and signal light B are incident into a beam splitting prism from the vertical direction, and emergent light C and emergent light D are respectively coupled to two surface elements of a free space balance detector. The scheme has the defects that only space light can be processed, and the coincidence and common mode balance of two paths of lasers are required to be ensured in the measuring process, so that the debugging process before the equipment measurement is complex and difficult, and the operation difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the prior art lacks equipment capable of realizing frequency measurement of signal light in a plurality of different coupling modes, the invention provides a laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes and a debugging method thereof.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
A multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system comprises a base station, an optical signal adjusting mechanism, a balance detector, a data processing module, a photosensitive assembly, an oscilloscope, an executing mechanism and a controller.
The optical signal adjusting mechanism comprises a first collimator, a second collimator, a beam splitting prism, a reflecting mirror and a biconvex lens group. The optical signal adjusting mechanism is used for receiving the local oscillation light and the signal light to be measured, modulating the local oscillation light and the signal light to be measured, and generating a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal. In the optical signal adjusting mechanism, the biconvex lens group is fixed relative to the base station, and the pose of other components is adjustable.
The balance detector is used for respectively receiving a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal emitted by the optical signal adjusting mechanism through the positive photosensitive surface and the negative photosensitive surface, then converting the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal into electric signals and then making difference, and further generating corresponding beat frequency signals. The data processing module is used for receiving the beat frequency signal, generating the frequency difference between the local oscillation light and the signal light, and then calculating the frequency of the signal light to be detected by combining the known frequency of the local oscillation light.
The photosensitive component is used for receiving the light signal emitted by the beam splitting prism and pointing to one side of the reflector, and realizing the visualization of the light beam direction and focal length information through the light spot size and the light spot position. The oscilloscope is electrically connected with the balance detector and is used for measuring the power of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal and the beat signal.
The executing mechanism is arranged on the base station; the actuating mechanism comprises a plurality of actuators, and each actuator is used for adjusting the pose of the first collimator, the second collimator, the beam splitting prism and the reflector. The controller is electrically connected with each actuator in the actuating mechanism and is used for giving control instructions for adjusting respective motion states to each actuator.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the optical signal adjusting mechanism, a splitting prism is used to split the incident light into two outgoing light beams parallel to the incident direction and perpendicular to the incident direction. The first collimator and the second collimator are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incidence directions of the beam-splitting prism. The reflector and the lenticular lens group are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incidence directions of the beam-splitting prism. The biconvex lens group comprises a first convex lens and a second convex lens which are positioned on the same plane. One beam of emergent light of the beam splitting prism is directly focused by the first convex lens and then emitted to the positive photosensitive surface of the balance detector; the other Shu Chushe light is reflected by the reflector, focused by the second convex lens and then emitted to the negative photosensitive surface of the balance detector.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first convex lens and the second convex lens in the biconvex lens group have the same specification; the first collimator and the second collimator employ variable-focus collimators.
And/or
The photosensitive assembly is positioned on the opposite side of the beam splitting prism with reference to the reflector.
And/or
The photosensitive component adopts photosensitive paper or an electronic photosensitive element; the electronic photosensitive element is a photosensitive sensor array.
As a further development of the invention, the actuator comprises a first actuator, a second actuator, a third actuator, a fourth actuator, a fifth actuator and a sixth actuator.
The first execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the first collimator in the machine table; the second execution unit is used for realizing pitching, horizontal rotation and translation of the second collimator in the machine table; the third execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the beam splitting prism in the machine; the fourth execution unit is used for pitching, horizontally rotating and translating the reflector in the machine; the fifth execution unit is used for translating the balance detector in the machine table; the sixth execution unit is used for translating the photosensitive assembly in the machine.
As a further improvement of the invention, the actuator further comprises a seventh actuator unit, wherein the seventh actuator unit is used for realizing multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the base station.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first collimator is configured to receive the local oscillation light of the single-mode coupling and to make the local oscillation light incident on the beam splitter prism. The second collimator is used for receiving signal light to be detected of single-mode coupling or multi-mode coupling and making the signal light incident to the beam splitting prism; the collimation space light to be measured is directly incident to the beam splitting prism along one side of the second collimator.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the data processing module includes a signal receiving unit, a spectrum generating unit, a frequency difference calculating unit, and a frequency output unit. The signal receiving unit is used for obtaining the beat frequency signal output by the balance detector and obtaining the frequency value of the local oscillation light. The spectrum generation unit is used for converting the beat frequency signal into a digital signal and performing FFT processing on the digital signal to form a spectrum signal. The frequency difference calculation unit is used for carrying out data operation on the frequency spectrum signals so as to obtain the frequency difference between the signal light and the local oscillation light. The frequency output unit is used for calculating the frequency of the signal light to be detected according to the frequency of the local oscillator light and the frequency difference between the local oscillator light and the signal light.
The invention also comprises a device debugging method for realizing the frequency measurement of the signal light of single-mode coupling by adopting the laser frequency measurement system compatible with the multiple coupling modes, which comprises the following steps:
When the signal light to be measured is strong light, the process is as follows:
(1) Adjusting the first collimator and the second collimator to the same focal length; and respectively emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and checking the collimation of two beams of emergent light of the beam splitting prism.
(2) And transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of the balance detector until the power value is maximum.
(3) The reflector is removed, local oscillation light and signal light are alternately emitted, and the size and the position of a light spot formed on the photosensitive assembly are observed; and adjusting the pose of the second collimator until the sizes of the light spots of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly are matched and the positions of the light spots are coincident.
(4) And simultaneously transmitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope.
(5) The current device state is maintained waiting for measurement to begin.
And (3) when the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing of single-mode coupling is incident to the second collimator, debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, then the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and measurement is waited for starting.
The invention also comprises a device debugging method for realizing the frequency measurement of the multimode coupled signal light by adopting the multimode compatible laser frequency measurement system, which comprises the following steps:
When the signal light to be measured is strong light, the process is as follows:
(1) And moving the reflector away, moving the sensing assembly closer, alternately emitting local oscillator light and signal light, observing the spot size on the sensing assembly, and adjusting the focal length of the second collimator and the focal length of the first collimator to be smaller until the spot sizes of the local oscillator light and the signal light are matched.
(2) And transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of the balance detector until the power value is maximum.
(3) Moving the sensing assembly far away, alternately emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and observing the positions of light spots formed on the sensing assembly by the local oscillation light and the signal light; and the focal length and the pose of the first collimator and the second collimator are cooperatively adjusted until the positions of the light spots of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly coincide.
(4) And simultaneously transmitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope.
(5) The current device state is maintained waiting for measurement to begin.
And (3) when the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing the multimode coupling is incident to the second collimator, the debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and the measurement is waited for to start.
The invention also comprises a device debugging method for realizing the frequency measurement of the collimated space light by adopting the multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system, which comprises the following steps:
when the signal light to be measured is strong light,
(1) The strong signal light for testing the single-mode coupling is selected, and the device is pre-debugged by means of the strong signal light, so that the device keeps the utilization rate of the local oscillation light and the signal light of the single-mode coupling to be the highest.
(2) And removing the second collimator to enable the collimated space light to be detected to enter the beam splitting prism along the incidence direction of the strong signal light for test in the pre-test stage.
(3) And (3) moving away the reflector, moving away the photosensitive assembly, and adjusting the focal length of the first collimator to enable the light spot of the local oscillation light on the photosensitive assembly to be equal to the light size of the collimation space.
(4) And adjusting the direction of the light path or the base station of the collimation space light to be detected, so that the light spots of the local oscillation light and the collimation space light on the photosensitive assembly are overlapped.
(5) And returning the reflector to the position and adjusting the pose of the reflector so as to maximize the power of the second modulation signal observed on the oscilloscope.
(6) Maintaining the current equipment state and waiting for measurement to start;
when the signal light to be measured is weak light,
Pre-conditioning in a high spatial light scene as described above;
(ii) causing the weak spatial light to be measured to be incident substantially towards the optical path of the original strong spatial light;
(iii) observing the beat signal intensity through an oscilloscope, and adjusting the position, posture of the whole base station and the focal length of the first collimator until the power observed on the oscilloscope is strongest.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. Has strong compatibility
The laser frequency measurement system with compatible multiple coupling modes designed by the invention can be compatible with the coupling modes of various signal lights, including space light, single-mode optical fibers and multimode optical fibers. For any coupling mode of signal light, the light spot sizes of the signal light and the local oscillator light can be adjusted to the same level through a collimator and a photosensitive card. And the subsequent signal modulation, analog-to-digital conversion and data processing are completed. The performance is more powerful, and the practical value of equipment is higher.
2. High signal-to-noise ratio
The optical path structure and the debugging method provided by the invention can realize the absolute coincidence of the signal light and the local oscillation light by means of the photosensitive card and the light splitting prism, can improve the local oscillation utilization rate, and can equalize the two-surface element signals of the balance detector (the voltages of the direct current part are equal and the amplitudes of the alternating current part are equal), thereby improving the common mode inhibition effect of the balance detector. And therefore the signal-to-noise ratio is high.
3. Simple and convenient debugging
The measuring system of the embodiment is provided with a photosensitive assembly and an oscilloscope, and is used for guiding the equipment debugging process. The switching and application of these auxiliary tools is repeatable and repairable. After the reflector is taken down, a check light path can be quickly constructed under the condition that other devices and other light paths are not changed, and spot size and coincidence debugging can be quickly completed through the check light path. After the debugging is finished, the system can be recovered by putting and debugging the reflector again; the connection of the oscilloscope does not affect the normal use of the balance detector.
4. Powerful performance
In many special laser measurement applications, such as space applications of lidar and optical frequency combs, the invention can combine coarse tuning and fine tuning to switch and adopt different coupling modes, and the second collimator is taken down or focused, so that the switching of the coupling modes can be completed. And the whole system can be subjected to pose adjustment to adapt to space light in a special direction which is not controllable, such as cosmic rays.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a spatial layout diagram of components in an optical signal conditioning mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the actuator and controller portion in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a functional schematic diagram of a data processing module in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes, which is different from the existing special optical signal frequency detectors, and provides a novel measurement system compatible with single-mode coupling optical signals, multi-mode coupling optical signals and collimated space light. Before the strategy system is applied to measuring optical signals in different coupling modes, the components of the system are required to be debugged according to actual application scenes, so that the utilization rate of the system to local oscillation light and signal light is improved, and the sensitivity of equipment and the accuracy of measurement results are further guaranteed. In order to reduce the difficulty of debugging work and improve the debugging efficiency and success rate, in the laser frequency measurement system provided by the embodiment, various visual auxiliary tools are also designed to help technicians to quickly realize focal length conditions and optical path adjustment of signals.
Specifically, the architecture of the multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes a base station, an optical signal adjusting mechanism, a balance detector BD1, a data processing module, a photosensitive assembly, an oscilloscope, an actuator and a controller. The optical signal adjusting mechanism, the balance detector BD1 and the data processing module form a basic instrument part for receiving signal light to be detected in the whole system, and performing signal modulation, analog-to-digital conversion and data processing on the signal light to obtain a laser frequency measurement result. The photosensitive assembly and the oscilloscope form a detection part capable of visualizing the debugging effect of the equipment, and the detection part is used for ensuring that the debugged basic instrument can be suitable for signal light to be detected in various coupling modes. The actuating mechanism and the controller form a part for executing debugging actions, and various actuators can be utilized to carry out accurate conditions on various movable components in the basic instrument, so that the problem that the traditional manual adjustment mode is difficult to effectively control the adjustment range is solved.
1. Basic instrument for frequency measurement
In the present embodiment, the optical signal adjusting mechanism includes a first collimator C1, a second collimator C2, a beam splitting prism BS1, a mirror M1, and lenticular lens groups L1& L2. The optical signal adjusting mechanism is used for receiving the local oscillation light and the signal light to be measured, modulating the local oscillation light and the signal light to be measured, and generating a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal. Each component in the optical signal adjusting mechanism is installed on the base station, and the initial positions of the components are located in the same horizontal plane. In the optical signal adjusting mechanism, the lenticular lens group is constituted by a first lenticular lens L1 and a second lenticular lens L2 having the same specification. The two convex lenses are fixedly arranged on the base station and are positioned in the same vertical plane. The pose of the rest of the components in the optical signal adjusting mechanism of the present embodiment is adjustable except for the lenticular lens group. Specifically, the first collimator in this embodiment may perform pitch and horizontal rotation with respect to the base. The first collimator may pitch and translate horizontally with respect to the base. The beam splitting prism can pitch and horizontally rotate relative to the base station. The mirror can pitch, rotate horizontally and translate relative to the base.
In the optical signal adjusting mechanism of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the beam splitter prism is a type of cubic beam splitter, and the optical device is constructed using two typical right angle prisms. One of the prisms has a coating on the hypotenuse surface, and the two prisms are glued together to form a cube. The first collimator and the second collimator are respectively used for introducing local oscillation light and signal light to be detected into the optical system of the embodiment, and the first collimator and the second collimator can be used for carrying out collimation treatment on single-mode coupling signal light or multi-mode coupling signal light conducted in the connected optical fibers. In this embodiment, the first collimator and the second collimator adopt variable-focus collimators; the first collimator and the second collimator are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incidence directions of the beam-splitting prism. For the signal light and the local oscillation light which are incident through the collimator, the incident light can be split into two outgoing light beams parallel to the incident direction and perpendicular to the incident direction by utilizing the beam splitting prism. Specifically, the incidence direction of the beam splitter prism in the present embodiment is located at one side of one of the right angle prisms, and the two outgoing directions are located at one side of the other right angle prism. After passing through the film plating surface, one of the laser beams emitted from any incident direction is directly transmitted and coaxial with the incident direction, and the other laser beam is reflected and perpendicular to the incident direction. In this embodiment, the mirror and the lenticular lens group are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incident directions of the beam-splitting prism. The biconvex lens group comprises a first convex lens and a second convex lens which are positioned on the same plane. The reflector is used for adjusting the light path of one of the emergent directions of the beam splitting prism, so that two emergent light paths can simultaneously pass through the biconvex lens group and enter the balance detector BD 1. Specifically, one beam of emergent light of the beam splitting prism is directly focused by the first convex lens and then emitted to the positive photosensitive surface of the balance detector; the other Shu Chushe light is reflected by the reflector, focused by the second convex lens and then emitted to the negative photosensitive surface of the balance detector.
In this embodiment, the balance detector is also mounted on the base, and the spatial positions of the two photosensitive surfaces of the balance detector are matched with the lenticular lens group, and can just receive the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal emitted by the optical signal adjusting mechanism. In this embodiment, the balance detector may also translate with respect to the base station in order to ensure signal reception.
In this embodiment, the optical signal adjusting mechanism, the balance detector BD1 and the data processing module after debugging constitute a basic instrument capable of realizing frequency measurement. The measuring principle of the instrument is as follows:
Referring to fig. 2, local oscillation light is emitted from the first collimator, and signal light is emitted from one side of the second collimator. The local oscillation light is generally coupled to a single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the signal light may have modes such as single-mode coupling, multimode coupling, space light and the like. Therefore, the first collimator is used for receiving the local oscillation light of single-mode coupling and making the local oscillation light incident to the beam-splitting prism. The second collimator is used for receiving signal light to be detected of single-mode coupling or multi-mode coupling and making the signal light incident to the beam splitting prism. If the signal light to be detected is collimated space light, the space light is directly incident to the beam splitting prism along one side of the second collimator, and the space light does not pass through the second collimator.
After being emitted to the beam splitting prism, the local oscillation light and the signal light are respectively split into two beams. One beam directly enters the first convex lens, is focused by the first convex lens and then is projected on the positive photosensitive surface of the flat detector; the other beam is reflected by the reflecting mirror, enters the second convex lens, is focused by the second convex lens and then is projected on the negative photosensitive surface of the flat detector.
The balance detector receives the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal emitted by the optical signal adjusting mechanism through the positive photosensitive surface and the negative photosensitive surface respectively, and then converts the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal into electric signals and then makes difference, so that corresponding beat frequency signals are generated. The beat frequency signal is output to the data processing module, the data processing module receives the beat frequency signal, then carries out FFT processing on the beat frequency signal to form a frequency spectrum, finally calculates the frequency difference between the local oscillation light and the signal light by combining the frequency spectrum data, and can acquire the frequency of the local oscillation light emitted by the first collimator, further combines the known frequency of the local oscillation light and the calculated frequency difference between the local oscillation light and the signal light, and finally calculates the frequency of the signal light to be detected.
In a typical prototype of the system actually constructed by the skilled person,
The focal lengths of the first collimator and the second collimator are adjustable within the range of 8.6-10.9mm, and of course, the first collimator and the second collimator can be replaced by other variable-focus collimators with the same function in other schemes. The focal length of the first convex lens and the second convex lens is fixed by 10mm, and other focal lengths can be replaced by other schemes. The data processing module is adapted to the frequency discrimination requirement below 250 Mhz, the current sampling rate is 500Mhz, and in other schemes devices or frequency counters with higher or lower sampling rates can be substituted according to the requirement. The current bandwidth of the balance detector is 200M, the diameter of a bin is 200um, and the device can also replace the model of the component according to parameter requirements.
2. Detection part of device debugging effect
For the basic instrument, when the coupling mode of the signal light is adjusted, the local oscillation light and the signal light cannot enter the balance detector according to the ideal light path, and therefore frequency measurement of the signal light cannot be achieved. Therefore, the technician needs to adaptively adjust the relative positions and the postures of the components in the optical signal adjusting mechanism and the balance detector each time the signal light changes, and the process is the debugging process of the equipment. When the basic instrument is used for measuring signal lights in a single coupling mode, the difficulty of the debugging process is still acceptable, and when signal lights in different coupling modes are required to be measured, the debugging difficulty of the equipment is obviously improved.
In the laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes of the embodiment, a photosensitive assembly, an oscilloscope, an executing mechanism and a controller except for a basic instrument form a debugging subsystem together. The debugging subsystem can remarkably reduce the debugging difficulty of the equipment. Specifically, the photosensitive assembly and the oscilloscope in the embodiment are two tools for assisting in completing equipment modulation, and the controller and the executing mechanism are used for helping technicians to accurately execute various debugging actions.
The principle of the basic instrument part is combined, and the premise of realizing the frequency measurement of the signal light is that two paths of light beams of the local oscillation light and the signal light after being split by the splitting prism can be kept coincident, the focus Duan Geshi of the local oscillation light and the signal tube is ensured, and finally the size of a light spot entering the balance detector can be matched with the size of two photosensitive surfaces (surface elements). In order to enable the device to reach an optimal state before measurement through debugging, the embodiment arranges a photosensitive assembly in one of the emergent directions of the beam splitting prism, and the photosensitive assembly is used for receiving the light signals which are emitted by the beam splitting prism and are directed to one side of the reflector, and the visualization of the beam direction and focal length information is realized through the size and the position of the light spot. And an oscilloscope is arranged in the other emergent direction of the beam splitting prism, and the utilization rate of local oscillation light or signal light is indirectly reflected by detecting the signal intensity (power) at the photosensitive surface of the balance detector. In view of debugging, the photosensitive assembly is mainly used for realizing coarse adjustment, and the oscilloscope is used for carrying out fine adjustment on the equipment on the basis of completing coarse adjustment.
Specifically, in the laser frequency measurement system compatible with the multiple coupling modes of the present embodiment, the photosensitive assembly is mounted on the opposite side of the beam splitting prism with reference to the mirror. The photosensitive assembly of this embodiment may use photosensitive paper, or may use electronic photosensitive elements, i.e., various photosensitive sensor arrays (such as CIS, CMOS, CCD). In this embodiment, the photosensitive assembly is located at the back of the reflective mirror, so that the photosensitive assembly does not block the optical path of the signal propagation during the measurement process. However, in the debugging stage, if the reflector is removed, one of the emergent rays of the local oscillation light or the signal light after being split by the splitting prism is projected onto the photosensitive assembly. At this time, a technician can accurately observe whether the optical paths of the signal light and the local oscillation light after beam splitting coincide or not and whether the focal lengths of the signal light and the local oscillation light are matched or not according to the developing effect of the irradiated photosensitive assembly.
In a multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system, an oscilloscope is electrically connected to a balance detector and is used to measure the power of a first modulated signal, a second modulated signal, and a beat signal. In the practical application process, after the local oscillation light and the signal light are modulated by the optical signal adjusting mechanism, two paths of beam splitting light rays of two original signals are completely overlapped and enter the balance detector after being focused by the biconvex lens group. At this time, the optical signals received on the two photosensitive surfaces of the balance detector are recorded as a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal, so that in order to ensure the maximum utilization rate of local oscillation light and signal light, the first adjustment signal and the second adjustment signal are required to be exactly and completely projected in the positive photosensitive surface and the negative photosensitive surface without being dispersed outside the two surface elements. To achieve this, the present embodiment detects the "reception rate" of the first adjustment signal and the second adjustment signal for the positive photosensitive surface and the negative photosensitive surface by the oscilloscope, and the power detected by the oscilloscope is maximum as the reception rate is higher.
3. Execution part of debug action
In the laser frequency measurement system compatible with the multiple coupling modes of the embodiment, an executing mechanism is installed on a base station; the actuating mechanism comprises a plurality of actuators, and each actuator is used for adjusting the pose of the first collimator, the second collimator, the beam splitting prism and the reflector. The controller is electrically connected with each actuator in the actuating mechanism and is used for giving control instructions for adjusting respective motion states to each actuator.
In order to achieve a better adjusting effect. As shown in fig. 3, the executing mechanism of the present embodiment includes a first executing unit, a second executing unit, a third executing unit, a fourth executing unit, a fifth executing unit, and a sixth executing unit, respectively.
The first execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the first collimator in the machine table. Specifically, the first execution unit may be implemented by using various omni-directional holders. The cradle head is arranged on the base station, and a first collimator is arranged on the cradle head. The cradle head can adjust the angle of local oscillation light incident to the beam splitter prism by executing pitching and horizontal rotation actions.
The second execution unit is used for realizing pitching, horizontal rotation and translation of the second collimator in the machine table; specifically, the second execution unit can be realized by adopting various omnidirectional holders and a linear sliding table. The linear sliding table is arranged on the base station, the cradle head is arranged on the linear sliding table, and the second collimator is connected to the cradle head. The cradle head can adjust the angle of incidence of the signal light to the beam splitter prism through the second collimator by executing pitching and horizontal rotation actions. The linear sliding table is used for translating the second collimator and the cradle head so as to move the second collimator away and emit collimated space light at the corresponding lateral beam splitting prism when the space light frequency is measured.
And the third execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the beam splitting prism in the machine. In this embodiment, the third execution unit may be implemented by using various omni-directional holders, where the holders are mounted on the base, and a beam splitter prism is mounted on the holders. The cradle head can adjust the angle of the beam splitter prism for receiving incident light and the angle for emitting emergent light by executing pitching and horizontal rotation actions. The beam splitting prism and other components are cooperatively regulated by the third execution unit, so that the optical paths of the local oscillation light and the signal light can be aligned more conveniently.
And the fourth execution unit is used for realizing pitching, horizontal rotation and translation of the reflector in the machine. Specifically, the fourth execution unit can be realized by adopting various omnidirectional holders and a two-dimensional sliding table. The cradle head can realize pitching and horizontal rotation, and the two-dimensional sliding table can randomly adjust the position of the reflector in the horizontal plane. Tripod head and two-dimensional slipway the installation mode is the same as the above. Emergent light rays on the corresponding side can be accurately reflected to the second convex lens through the cradle head and the two-dimensional sliding table.
The fifth execution unit is used for translating the balance detector in the machine table; the sixth execution unit is used for translating the photosensitive assembly in the machine. In this embodiment, the fifth execution unit may be implemented by using a two-dimensional sliding table, and by using the two-dimensional sliding table, the position of the balance detector may be arbitrarily adjusted in a horizontal plane, so as to ensure that the relative positions of the balance detector and the lenticular lens group are optimal, thereby maximizing the utilization ratio of the local oscillation light and the signal light.
Of particular emphasis is the fact that: in the laser frequency measurement process, signal light to be measured of single-mode coupling and multi-mode coupling is mainly led into the system through an optical fiber, so that each component is debugged on a base station, and then the signal light to be measured is directly emitted through the optical fiber. But for the case of space, one is space light with an adjustable optical path, and for such a scene, the present embodiment may emit the space light to the corresponding side of the splitting prism at a specified angle through an optical device. The other is space light with an unadjustable light path, and for the scene, a seventh execution unit is further added in the execution mechanism in the embodiment, and the seventh execution unit is used for realizing multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment on the base station. At this time, the whole base station and all the components on the base station can be integrally adjusted through the seventh execution unit, so that the space light to be measured can be ensured to be incident on the beam splitter prism according to a required angle. In practical applications, the seventh execution unit of the present embodiment may use a six-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm, and other similar mechanisms.
4. Data processing part
In the laser frequency measurement system compatible with multiple coupling modes of the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the data processing module includes a signal receiving unit, a spectrum generating unit, a frequency difference calculating unit, and a frequency output unit according to functional division. The signal receiving unit is used for obtaining the beat frequency signal output by the balance detector and obtaining the frequency value of the local oscillation light. The spectrum generation unit is used for converting the beat frequency signal into a digital signal and performing FFT processing on the digital signal to form a spectrum signal. The frequency difference calculation unit is used for carrying out data operation on the frequency spectrum signals so as to obtain the frequency difference between the signal light and the local oscillation light. The frequency output unit is used for calculating the frequency of the signal light to be detected according to the frequency of the local oscillator light and the frequency difference between the local oscillator light and the signal light.
The data processing module of the embodiment is a computer device for processing the received photoelectric signal to generate the frequency value of the signal light. In practice, a data processing module is essentially a computer device for carrying out data processing and instruction generation, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. The computer device provided in this embodiment may be an embedded device installed on a numerically controlled machine tool, or may be an intelligent terminal, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a rack-mounted server, a blade server, a tower server, or a rack-mounted server (including an independent server, or a server cluster formed by multiple servers) that is independent of the machine tool and capable of executing a computer program. The computer device of the present embodiment includes at least, but is not limited to: a memory, a processor, and the like, which may be communicatively coupled to each other via a system bus.
In this embodiment, the memory (i.e., readable storage medium) includes flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), random Access Memory (RAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory may be an internal storage unit of a computer device, such as a hard disk or memory of the computer device.
In other embodiments, the memory may also be an external storage device of the computer device, such as a plug-in hard disk provided on the computer device, a smart memory card (SMART MEDIA CARD, SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a flash memory card (FLASH CARD), or the like. Of course, the memory may also include both internal storage units of the computer device and external storage devices. In this embodiment, the memory is typically used to store an operating system and various application software installed on the computer device. In addition, the memory can be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or are to be output.
The processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), an image processor GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other data processing chip in some embodiments. The processor is typically used to control the overall operation of the computer device. In this embodiment, the processor is configured to execute the program code stored in the memory or process the data.
5. Debugging method
As described above, the multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system provided in this embodiment has the core advantage that the state of each component in the basic instrument can be debugged by using the detection portion and the execution portion according to different types of signal light to be measured, and then the debugged basic instrument is used to finish the accurate measurement of the signal light frequency. The debugging method of the multi-coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of the embodiment is described in detail by combining different application scenes:
single mode coupling signal light
The local oscillation light is emitted from the first collimator, the signal light is emitted from the second collimator, wherein the local oscillation light is coupled with the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the signal light is also in a single-mode coupling mode. At this time, when the signal light intensities are different, there will be two different debug measurement strategies. When the signal light to be measured is strong light, the process is as follows:
(1) Adjusting the first collimator and the second collimator to the same focal length; and respectively emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and checking the collimation of two beams of emergent light of the beam splitting prism.
(2) And transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of the balance detector until the power value is maximum.
(3) The reflector is removed, local oscillation light and signal light are alternately emitted, and the size and the position of a light spot formed on the photosensitive assembly are observed; and adjusting the pose of the second collimator until the sizes of the light spots of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly are matched and the positions of the light spots are coincident.
(4) And simultaneously transmitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope.
(5) The current device state is maintained waiting for measurement to begin.
When the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing of single-mode coupling is firstly incident to the second collimator, the debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, then the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and the measurement is waited for to start.
(II) multimode coupling Signal light
In this scenario, the local oscillator light is single-mode polarization-maintaining coupling, and the signal light is multimode coupling. When the signal light intensities are different, two debugging strategies still exist. When the signal light to be measured is strong light, the process is as follows:
(1) And moving the reflector away, moving the sensing assembly closer, alternately emitting local oscillator light and signal light, observing the spot size on the sensing assembly, and adjusting the focal length of the second collimator and the focal length of the first collimator to be smaller until the spot sizes of the local oscillator light and the signal light are matched.
(2) And transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of the balance detector until the power value is maximum.
(3) Moving the sensing assembly far away, alternately emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and observing the positions of light spots formed on the sensing assembly by the local oscillation light and the signal light; and the focal length and the pose of the first collimator and the second collimator are cooperatively adjusted until the positions of the light spots of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly coincide.
(4) And simultaneously transmitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope.
(5) The current device state is maintained waiting for measurement to begin.
And (3) when the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing the multimode coupling is incident to the second collimator, the debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and the measurement is waited for to start.
(III) the signal light is collimated visible light
When the signal light is collimated space light, the signal light should not pass through the second collimator and directly enter the beam splitting prism, and considering that the light path of the collimated space light is very difficult to regulate and control, the device debugging strategy finally adopted in the embodiment is as follows:
when the signal light to be measured is weak light,
(1) The strong signal light for testing the single-mode coupling is selected, and the device is pre-debugged by means of the strong signal light, so that the device keeps the utilization rate of the local oscillation light and the signal light of the single-mode coupling to be the highest. The procedure is the same as the debugging steps (1) - (4) of the single-mode coupling signal light described above.
(2) And removing the second collimator to enable the collimated space light to be detected to enter the beam splitting prism along the incidence direction of the strong signal light for test in the pre-test stage.
Wherein in this step, when the spatial light direction is adjustable, the spatial light incidence is adjusted to be reversed, otherwise the whole base station and the devices thereon can be optionally adjusted.
(3) And (3) moving away the reflector, moving away the photosensitive assembly, and adjusting the focal length of the first collimator to enable the light spot of the local oscillation light on the photosensitive assembly to be equal to the light size of the collimation space.
(4) And adjusting the direction of the light path or the base station of the collimation space light to be detected, so that the light spots of the local oscillation light and the collimation space light on the photosensitive assembly are overlapped.
Wherein in this step, when the spatial light direction is adjustable, the spatial light incidence is adjusted to be reversed, otherwise the whole base station and the devices thereon are adjusted.
(5) And returning the reflector to the position and adjusting the pose of the reflector so as to maximize the power of the second modulation signal observed on the oscilloscope.
(6) The current device state is maintained waiting for measurement to begin.
When the signal light to be measured is weak light,
Pre-conditioning in the intense spatial light scene as described above.
(Ii) causing the weak spatial light to be measured to be incident substantially towards the optical path of the original strong spatial light.
(Iii) observing the beat signal intensity through an oscilloscope, and adjusting the position, posture of the whole base station and the focal length of the first collimator until the power observed on the oscilloscope is strongest.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system, comprising:
A base station, a base plate and a base plate,
The optical signal adjusting mechanism comprises a first collimator, a second collimator, a beam splitting prism, a reflecting mirror and a biconvex lens group; the optical signal adjusting mechanism is used for receiving local oscillation light and signal light to be measured, modulating the local oscillation light and the signal light to be measured, and generating a first modulation signal and a second modulation signal; in the optical signal adjusting mechanism, the biconvex lens group is fixed relative to the base station, and the pose of other components is adjustable;
The balance detector is used for respectively receiving the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal emitted by the optical signal adjusting mechanism through the positive photosensitive surface and the negative photosensitive surface, converting the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal into electric signals and then making difference so as to generate corresponding beat frequency signals;
the data processing module is used for receiving the beat frequency signal, generating the frequency difference between the local oscillator light and the signal light, and then calculating the frequency of the signal light to be detected by combining the known frequency of the local oscillator light;
The photosensitive assembly is used for receiving the light signal emitted by the beam splitting prism and directed to one side of the reflector, and realizing the visualization of the light beam direction and focal length information through the light spot size and the light spot position;
an oscilloscope electrically connected to the balance detector and configured to measure power of the first modulated signal, the second modulated signal, and the beat signal; and
An actuator mounted on the base; the actuating mechanism comprises a plurality of actuators, and each actuator is used for adjusting the pose of the first collimator, the second collimator, the beam splitting prism and the reflecting mirror;
and the controller is electrically connected with each actuator in the actuating mechanism and is used for issuing control instructions for adjusting the respective motion state to each actuator.
2. The multiple coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 1 wherein: in the optical signal adjusting mechanism, the beam splitting prism is used for splitting an incident light into two outgoing light beams parallel to an incident direction and perpendicular to the incident direction; the first collimator and the second collimator are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incidence directions of the beam-splitting prism; the reflector and the biconvex lens group are positioned in two mutually perpendicular incidence directions of the beam splitting prism; the biconvex lens group comprises a first convex lens and a second convex lens which are positioned on the same plane; one beam of emergent light of the beam splitting prism is directly focused by the first convex lens and then emitted to the positive photosensitive surface of the balance detector; and the other Shu Chushe light is reflected by the reflector, focused by the second convex lens and then emitted to the negative photosensitive surface of the balance detector.
3. The multiple-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 2, wherein: the first convex lens and the second convex lens in the biconvex lens group have the same specification; the first collimator and the second collimator adopt variable-focus collimators;
And/or
The light sensing component is positioned on the opposite side of the beam splitting prism by taking the reflector as a reference;
And/or
The photosensitive component adopts photosensitive paper or an electronic photosensitive element; the electronic photosensitive element is a photosensitive sensor array.
4. The multiple coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 1 wherein: the executing mechanism comprises a first executing unit, a second executing unit, a third executing unit, a fourth executing unit, a fifth executing unit and a sixth executing unit;
The first execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the first collimator in the machine table;
the second execution unit is used for realizing pitching, horizontal rotation and translation of the second collimator in the machine table;
The third execution unit is used for realizing pitching and horizontal rotation of the beam splitting prism in the machine;
the fourth execution unit is used for pitching, horizontally rotating and translating the reflector in the machine table;
The fifth execution unit is used for translating the balance detector in the machine table;
The sixth execution unit is used for translating the photosensitive assembly in the machine table.
5. The multiple coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 4 wherein: the actuating mechanism further comprises a seventh actuating unit, and the seventh actuating unit is used for realizing multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of the base station.
6. The multiple coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 1 wherein: the first collimator is used for receiving the local oscillation light of single-mode coupling and making the local oscillation light incident to the beam-splitting prism; the second collimator is used for receiving signal light to be detected of single-mode coupling or multi-mode coupling and making the signal light incident to the beam splitting prism; and the to-be-detected collimation space light directly enters the beam splitting prism along one side of the second collimator.
7. The multiple coupling mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of claim 1 wherein: the data processing module comprises a signal receiving unit, a frequency spectrum generating unit, a frequency difference calculating unit and a frequency output unit; the signal receiving unit is used for obtaining the beat frequency signal output by the balance detector and obtaining the frequency value of the local oscillation light; the frequency spectrum generating unit is used for converting the beat frequency signal into a digital signal and performing FFT processing on the digital signal to form a frequency spectrum signal; the frequency difference calculation unit is used for carrying out data operation on the frequency spectrum signals so as to obtain the frequency difference between the signal light and the local oscillator light; the frequency output unit is used for calculating the frequency of the signal light to be detected according to the frequency of the local oscillation light and the frequency difference.
8. A device commissioning method for performing frequency measurement of single-mode coupled signal light using a multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
when the signal light to be measured is strong light,
(1) Adjusting the first collimator and the second collimator to the same focal length; respectively emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and checking the collimation of two beams of emergent light of the beam splitting prism;
(2) Transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of a balance detector until the power value is maximum;
(3) The reflector is removed, local oscillation light and signal light are alternately emitted, and the size and the position of a light spot formed on the photosensitive assembly are observed; adjusting the pose of the second collimator until the light spot sizes of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly are matched and the positions are coincident;
(4) Simultaneously emitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope;
(5) Maintaining the current equipment state and waiting for measurement to start;
and (3) when the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing of single-mode coupling is incident to the second collimator, debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, then the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and measurement is waited for starting.
9. A device commissioning method for performing frequency measurement of multimode coupled signal light using a multimode compatible laser frequency measurement system according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
when the signal light to be measured is strong light,
(1) The reflector is removed, the sensing assembly is moved close, local oscillator light and signal light are alternately emitted, the light spot size on the sensing assembly is observed, the focal length of the second collimator is adjusted to be large, and the focal length of the first collimator is adjusted to be small until the light spot sizes of the local oscillator light and the signal light are matched;
(2) Transmitting local oscillation light, observing the power of the first modulation signal through an oscilloscope, and then adjusting the position of a balance detector until the power value is maximum;
(3) Moving the sensing assembly far away, alternately emitting local oscillation light and signal light, and observing the positions of light spots formed on the sensing assembly by the local oscillation light and the signal light; the focal length and the pose of the first collimator and the second collimator are cooperatively adjusted until the light spot positions of the local oscillation light and the signal light on the photosensitive assembly coincide;
(4) Simultaneously emitting local oscillation light and signal light, returning the reflector and adjusting the pose of the reflector until the maximum power of the second modulation signal is observed on the oscilloscope;
(5) Maintaining the current equipment state and waiting for measurement to start;
And (3) when the signal light to be measured is weak light, the strong signal light for testing the multimode coupling is incident to the second collimator, the debugging in the steps (1) - (4) is completed, the current equipment state is kept, the incident light of the second collimator is switched back to the signal light to be measured, and the measurement is waited for to start.
10. A device commissioning method for performing frequency measurement of collimated spatial light using a multi-coupling-mode compatible laser frequency measurement system of any one of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
when the signal light to be measured is strong light,
(1) Selecting strong signal light for testing of single-mode coupling, and completing pre-debugging of equipment by means of the strong signal light, so that the utilization rate of the equipment to local oscillation light and signal light of the single-mode coupling is kept highest;
(2) Removing the second collimator to enable the collimated space light to be detected to enter the beam splitting prism along the incidence direction of the strong signal light for test in the pre-test stage;
(3) The reflector is removed, the photosensitive assembly is moved away, the focal length of the first collimator is adjusted, and the light spot of local oscillation light on the photosensitive assembly is equal to the light size of the collimation space;
(4) The direction of the light path or the base station of the collimation space light to be detected is adjusted, so that the local oscillation light and the light spot of the collimation space light on the photosensitive assembly are overlapped;
(5) The reflector is reset and the pose of the reflector is adjusted, so that the power of a second modulation signal observed on the oscilloscope is maximum;
(6) Maintaining the current equipment state and waiting for measurement to start;
when the signal light to be measured is weak light,
Pre-conditioning in a high spatial light scene as described above;
(ii) causing the weak spatial light to be measured to be incident substantially towards the optical path of the original strong spatial light;
(iii) observing the beat signal intensity through an oscilloscope, and adjusting the position, posture of the whole base station and the focal length of the first collimator until the power observed on the oscilloscope is strongest.
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