CN118446162A - Design method for surge pulse resistance of board - Google Patents
Design method for surge pulse resistance of board Download PDFInfo
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- CN118446162A CN118446162A CN202410621451.0A CN202410621451A CN118446162A CN 118446162 A CN118446162 A CN 118446162A CN 202410621451 A CN202410621451 A CN 202410621451A CN 118446162 A CN118446162 A CN 118446162A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board card, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility. The invention adopts the combination of the oxide piezoresistor MOV, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the self-recovery fuse PPTC to inhibit the surge pulse of the power supply port; the surge pulse of the communication port is restrained by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD; the surge pulse of the control port is suppressed by using a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC. The invention adopts metal oxide piezoresistor, ceramic gas discharge tube, silicon transient voltage absorbing diode, self-recovery fuse, electrostatic protection element and other devices for effectively inhibiting surge pulse, and adopts different inhibition methods for different functional ports of the board card, thereby effectively absorbing the surge pulse and preventing the surge pulse from entering the inside of the board card to damage the functional circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility, and particularly relates to a design method of anti-surge pulse of a board.
Background
With the development of science and technology, semiconductor integrated circuits and micro-control technology penetrate into all fields, and since the semiconductor integrated circuits cannot withstand overvoltage and overcurrent impact, surge pulse damage accidents of electronic devices often occur. The surge pulse in the electromagnetic compatibility field generally comes from switching transient and lightning strike transient, wherein the switching transient relates to switching of a main power supply system, switching action or load change of a power distribution system, a resonant circuit related to a switching circuit and short circuit and arc faults of an electronic equipment grounding system; the lightning transient state is that high-energy lightning impulse waves invade the equipment through connecting wires among outdoor transmission line equipment and power lines; the invention relates to anti-surge research on a board, which mainly relates to surge pulse of switching transient.
The basic use method of the surge suppression device designed by the prior board card is to directly connect a surge absorbing device in parallel with the protected equipment so as to absorb or transfer the surge voltage exceeding the bearing capacity of the equipment. A common characteristic of surge suppression devices is that their impedance is different when there is a surge voltage present than when there is no surge voltage. At normal voltages, its impedance is high, which has no effect on the operation of the circuit, whereas when a high surge voltage is applied to it, its impedance becomes low, bypassing the surge energy. The scheme of filtering and absorbing by adopting a common filter and a ferrite core is basically ineffective, and measures of surge pulse resistance of the board are urgently needed in the board development process.
The invention discloses a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board card, which aims at the design of effectively inhibiting the surge pulse by a power module, a communication module and a control module aiming at the surge pulse, and effectively protecting a board card circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board so as to solve the problem of anti-surge pulse of the board.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board, which adopts the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to inhibit the surge pulse of a power supply port; the surge pulse of the communication port is restrained by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD; the surge pulse of the control port is restrained by adopting a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC;
The board card (1) comprises three modules, namely a power module (3), a communication module (4) and a control module (2), and the three modules are designed to resist surge pulses;
The power module (3) adopts a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of a power port.
A ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD combination mode is adopted on a communication module (4) to restrain surge pulse of a communication port;
A silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC are adopted on the control module (2) to restrain surge pulse of the control port.
(III) beneficial effects
The invention provides a design method for resisting surge pulse of a board, which is characterized in that the design method for resisting the surge pulse of the board is provided for aiming at the damage mechanism of the surge pulse in the board design, and the surge pulse of a power port is restrained by adopting the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC; the method comprises the steps of adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to inhibit surge pulses of a communication port; it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port with a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse. Compared with the prior art, the three methods for inhibiting the surge pulse have the following advantages:
(1) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the power supply port of the board, adopts the combination mode of the oxide piezoresistor MOV, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain the surge pulse of the power supply port, and the MOV has better instantaneous pulse absorption capability. The leakage transient overcurrent flows to the GDT, the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level for the GDT, the GDT has extremely low capacitance, and the protection board card is prevented from being damaged by transient high voltage. When the current flows, the PPTC automatically fuses and forcibly cuts off the power supply. Double protection for suppressing surge pulses is realized.
(2) The invention aims at surge pulse of the communication port of the board, adopts a combination mode of a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to restrain the surge pulse of the communication port, has low GDT capacitance, large flux, wide direct current breakdown voltage range and high insulation impedance, and the combination of the GDT and the ESD effectively restrains the surge pulse of the communication interface. Compared with a board card with the communication module without inhibiting surge pulse, the board card effectively inhibits the surge pulse from entering the internal circuit of the board card through the communication port.
(3) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the control port of the board card, and adopts the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and the self-recovery fuse to restrain the surge pulse of the control port. The TVS has lower dynamic internal resistance, low clamping voltage, higher response speed than other existing overvoltage protection devices, and can quickly discharge transient overcurrent caused by abnormal overvoltage to the ground, and clamp the abnormal overvoltage within a safe level, so that the protection board card can normally operate.
The invention designs an anti-surge pulse circuit aiming at three modules such as a power module, a communication module and a control module on the board, and the like, releases instant overcurrent, clamps the instant overvoltage, automatically fuses and cuts off the power supply when the instant overcurrent, and effectively inhibits the damage of the board caused by surge pulses.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a board design for a method of designing an anti-surge board of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a power port design diagram of a method for designing anti-surge pulses of a board card according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a network communication port design of a method for designing anti-surge pulses of a board according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a design diagram of an RS485 control port of a method for designing anti-surge pulses of a board according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a design diagram of a CAN control port of a method for designing anti-surge pulses of a board according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, contents and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the anti-surge pulse design of the board card and develop effective measures for inhibiting surge pulses of a power module, a communication module and a control module on the board card.
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board card, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic compatibility. The invention provides a design method for inhibiting surge pulses aiming at a damage mechanism of the surge pulses in board design, which adopts a combination of an oxide piezoresistor (Metal OxideVaristors, MOV), a ceramic gas discharge tube (GAS DISCHARGE Tubes, GDT) and a self-recovery fuse (PolymerPositive Temperature Coefficient Thermistors, PPTC) to inhibit the surge pulses of a power supply port; the method comprises the steps of restraining surge pulses of a communication port by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube and an electrostatic protection element (Electrostatic Discharge Protection Devices, ESD); it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port using a silicon transient voltage absorption diode (TransientVoltage Suppressors, TVS) and a self-healing fuse. The invention adopts metal oxide piezoresistor, ceramic gas discharge tube, silicon transient voltage absorbing diode, self-recovery fuse and static protection element to effectively restrain surge pulse device, and adopts different restrain methods for different function ports of board card to effectively absorb surge pulse, to prevent surge pulse from entering into board card to damage function circuit.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a design method for resisting surge pulses of a board, and provides a design method for inhibiting the surge pulses aiming at the damage mechanism of the surge pulses in the board design, wherein the method adopts the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to inhibit the surge pulses of a power supply port; the surge pulse of the communication port is restrained by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD; the surge pulse of the control port is suppressed by using a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC.
The board card (1) comprises three modules, namely a power module (3), a communication module (4) and a control module (2), and the three modules are designed to resist surge pulses.
The power module (3) adopts a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of a power port.
A ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD are combined to the communication module (4) to suppress surge pulses of the communication port.
Surge pulse suppression control port by adopting silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and self-recovery fuse PPTC on control module (2)
Furthermore, the power module (3) adopts a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to inhibit surge pulse of a power port. When the voltage on the oxide varistor MOV exceeds a certain amplitude, the resistance value of the resistor is greatly reduced, so that surge energy is discharged. Under the action of surge voltage, the clamping voltage on the conducted piezoresistor is equal to the current flowing through the oxide piezoresistor MOV multiplied by the resistance value of the piezoresistor, so that the clamping voltage reaches the highest at the peak value of the surge current. When the current is too high, the oxide varistor MOV breaks down and assumes a short-circuit condition. When the voltage across the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is fixed, the gas in the gas discharge tube breaks down, the gas discharge tube begins to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state, so that the voltage across the electrodes does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the gas discharge tube is turned on, the voltage across it will be low, clamping the voltage across it to a low level. When overcurrent occurs, the self-recovery fuse PPTC automatically blows, and the power supply is forcibly cut off.
Further, the communication module (4) suppresses surge pulses of the communication port by adopting a combination of the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the electrostatic protection element ESD. The ceramic gas discharge tube GDT adopts ceramic sealing encapsulation, and the inside of the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is formed by filling inert gas hydrogen or neon with two or more metal electrodes with gaps. When the voltage applied to both ends of the electrode reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT starts to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state so that the voltage across the electrode does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is turned on, the voltage across it will be very low, which can be used for wire-to-wire and wire-to-ground protection, respectively.
Further, the control module (2) adopts a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of the control port. The silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS is a voltage clamping type diode, has a response speed of subnanosecond level, and is rapidly conducted when the voltage on the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS exceeds a certain amplitude, and surge energy is discharged through PN junction reverse overvoltage avalanche breakdown. Since the impedance of such devices is small after turn-on, their clamp voltage is flat and very close to the operating voltage.
Example 1:
In the board card design, a design method for inhibiting the surge pulse is provided aiming at the damage mechanism of the surge pulse, and the surge pulse of a power supply port is inhibited by adopting the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC; the method comprises the steps of providing a ceramic gas discharge tube and an electrostatic protection element for ESD suppression of surge pulses of a communication port; it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port with a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse.
The invention relates to a design method of anti-surge pulse of a board, and fig. 2 is used for inhibiting the surge pulse of a power supply port by adopting a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC aiming at the surge pulse of the power supply port. The power module (3) includes: 2 oxide varistor MOVs, MOV1 and MOV2 respectively, the power module (3) further comprises 2 ceramic gas discharge tubes GDT, GDT1 and GDT2 respectively, further comprises: the power module (3) also comprises 1 self-recovery fuse PPTC; one end of the MOV1 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end is grounded through the GDT 2; one end of the MOV2 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end is grounded through the GDT 2; GDT1 is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply; one end of the PPTC is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the PPTC is connected with the back-stage circuit.
The oxide piezoresistor MOV is connected in parallel in a circuit of the power supply module (3), and when the circuit works normally, the oxide piezoresistor MOV is in a high-resistance state and does not influence the normal work of the circuit. When the circuit has abnormal transient overvoltage and reaches the conducting voltage, the oxide piezoresistor MOV is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state rapidly, the transient overcurrent caused by the abnormal transient overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level, so that the subsequent-stage circuit is protected from being damaged by the abnormal transient overvoltage. The oxide piezoresistor MOV discharges instantaneous overcurrent to the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT, the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level for the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT has extremely low capacitance, and the protection board card is prevented from being damaged by transient high voltage. When the current flows, the self-recovery fuse PPTC automatically blows, and the power supply is forcibly cut off. Double protection for suppressing surge pulses is realized.
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board, and fig. 3 is used for inhibiting the surge pulse of a communication port by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD aiming at the surge pulse of the communication port. The communication module (4) circuit comprises: the 4 ceramic gas discharge tubes GDT, namely GDT1-GDT4, further comprise 4 diodes D as electrostatic protection elements ESD, namely D1-D4; after the GDT1-GDT4 are respectively connected with the capacitor in parallel, one end of the GDT is connected with a network transformer, and the other end of the GDT is grounded; one end of each diode D1-D4 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of one group of wires of the network PHY, and the other end is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the same group of wires of the network PHY.
The ceramic gas discharge tube GDT adopts ceramic sealing encapsulation, and the inside of the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is formed by filling inert gas hydrogen or neon with two or a plurality of metal electrodes with gaps. When the voltage applied to both ends of the electrode reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT starts to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state so that the voltage across the electrode does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is turned on, the voltage across it will be very low, which can be used for wire-to-wire and wire-to-ground protection, respectively. The electrostatic protection element ESD is a clamp type overvoltage protection device, has low capacitance and meets the communication application of a high-speed communication port.
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board, and aims at the surge pulse of a control port, and a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC are adopted to restrain the surge pulse of the control port in fig. 4 and 5. The control port includes: an RS485 port and a CAN port;
fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of an RS485 port, and for the RS485 port, the control module (2) includes: the 3 silicon transient voltage absorption diodes TVS are D1-D3 respectively, and further comprise 2 self-recovery fuses PPTC which are respectively: PTC1 and PTC2; one end of the D1 is connected with the RS485A, and the other end is grounded; one end of the D2 is connected with the RS485A, and the other end is connected with the RS485B; one end of the D3 is connected with the RS485B, and the other end is grounded; PTC1 is connected in series in RS485A line, PTC2 is connected in series in RS485B line.
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a CAN port for which the control module (2) includes: the 2 silicon transient voltage absorption diodes TVS are respectively: d1 and D2, wherein one end of D1 is connected with can+, and the other end is grounded; d2 one end is connected with CAN-, and the other end is grounded.
When the circuit works normally, the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS is in a cut-off state, and the normal work of the circuit is not affected. When the abnormal overvoltage occurs in the circuit and the breakdown voltage of the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS is reached, the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS is rapidly changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, the instant overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal overvoltage is clamped within a safe level, so that the subsequent-stage circuit is protected from being damaged by the abnormal overvoltage.
The characteristics of the invention are realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
In the board card design, a design method for inhibiting the surge pulse is provided aiming at the damage mechanism of the surge pulse, and the surge pulse of a power supply port is inhibited by adopting the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC; the method comprises the steps of providing a ceramic gas discharge tube and an electrostatic protection element for ESD suppression of surge pulses of a communication port; it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port with a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse.
The board card (1) comprises three modules: the power supply module (3), the communication module (4) and the control module (2) are designed to resist surge pulses.
The power module (3) adopts a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of a power port.
A ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD are combined to the communication module (4) to suppress surge pulses of the communication port.
Surge pulse suppression control port by adopting silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and self-recovery fuse PPTC on control module (2)
The power module (3) adopts a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of a power port. When the voltage on the piezoresistor exceeds a certain amplitude, the resistance value of the resistor is greatly reduced, so that surge energy is discharged. Under the action of surge voltage, the clamping voltage on the voltage dependent resistor after conduction is equal to the current flowing through the voltage dependent resistor multiplied by the resistance value of the voltage dependent resistor, so that the clamping voltage reaches the highest at the peak value of the surge current. When the current is too high, the piezoresistor breaks down and presents a short circuit state. When the voltage across the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is fixed, the gas in the gas discharge tube breaks down, the gas discharge tube begins to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state, so that the voltage across the electrodes does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the gas discharge tube is conducted, the voltage at two ends of the gas discharge tube is very low, so that the voltage at two ends is clamped at a lower level, and the self-recovery fuse PPTC automatically fuses when overcurrent occurs, and the power supply is forcibly cut off.
And a communication module (4) for suppressing surge pulses of the communication port by adopting a combination mode of the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the electrostatic protection element ESD. The gas discharge tube is sealed with ceramic, and is internally filled with inert gas hydrogen or neon by two or more metal electrodes with gaps. When the voltage applied to the two ends of the electrode reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube, the gas discharge tube starts to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state, so that the voltage of the two ends of the electrode does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the gas discharge tube is turned on, the voltage across it will be very low, and it can be used for line-to-line and line-to-ground protection, respectively.
The control module (2) adopts a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain surge pulse of the control port. The silicon transient voltage absorption diode is a voltage clamping type diode and has a response speed of subnanosecond level, when the voltage on the silicon transient voltage absorption diode exceeds a certain amplitude, the device is rapidly conducted, and surge energy is discharged through PN junction reverse overvoltage avalanche breakdown. Since the impedance of such devices is small after turn-on, their clamp voltage is flat and very close to the operating voltage.
The invention provides a design method for resisting surge pulse of a board, which aims at a damage mechanism of the surge pulse in the board design and provides a design method for inhibiting the surge pulse of a power port by adopting a combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC; the method comprises the steps of adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to inhibit surge pulses of a communication port; it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port with a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse. Compared with the prior art, the three methods for inhibiting the surge pulse have the following advantages:
(1) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the power supply port of the board, adopts the combination mode of the oxide piezoresistor MOV, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain the surge pulse of the power supply port, and the MOV has better instantaneous pulse absorption capability. The leakage transient overcurrent flows to the GDT, the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level for the GDT, the GDT has extremely low capacitance, and the protection board card is prevented from being damaged by transient high voltage. When the current flows, the PPTC automatically fuses and forcibly cuts off the power supply. Double protection for suppressing surge pulses is realized.
(2) The invention aims at surge pulse of the communication port of the board, adopts a combination mode of a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to restrain the surge pulse of the communication port, has low GDT capacitance, large flux, wide direct current breakdown voltage range and high insulation impedance, and the combination of the GDT and the ESD effectively restrains the surge pulse of the communication interface. Compared with a board card with the communication module without inhibiting surge pulse, the board card effectively inhibits the surge pulse from entering the internal circuit of the board card through the communication port.
(3) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the control port of the board card, and adopts the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and the self-recovery fuse to restrain the surge pulse of the control port. The TVS has lower dynamic internal resistance, low clamping voltage, higher response speed than other existing overvoltage protection devices, and can quickly discharge transient overcurrent caused by abnormal overvoltage to the ground, and clamp the abnormal overvoltage within a safe level, so that the protection board card can normally operate.
The invention designs an anti-surge pulse circuit aiming at three modules such as a power module, a communication module and a control module on the board, and the like, releases instant overcurrent, clamps the instant overvoltage, automatically fuses and cuts off the power supply when the instant overcurrent, and effectively inhibits the damage of the board caused by surge pulses.
The following detailed description of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments of the invention:
The invention relates to a design method of anti-surge pulse of a board, and fig. 2 is used for inhibiting the surge pulse of a power supply port by adopting a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC aiming at the surge pulse of the power supply port. The MOV is connected in parallel in the circuit, and when the circuit works normally, the MOV is in a high-resistance state and does not influence the normal work of the circuit. When the circuit has abnormal transient overvoltage and reaches the conducting voltage, the MOV is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state rapidly, the transient overcurrent caused by the abnormal transient overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level, so that the later-stage circuit is protected from being damaged by the abnormal transient overvoltage. The MOV bleeds out and flows to GDT instantaneously, clamp the unusual transient overvoltage to GDT at lower level, GDT has very low electric capacity, the protection shield card is protected from the harm of transient high voltage. When the current flows, the PPTC automatically fuses and forcibly cuts off the power supply. Double protection for suppressing surge pulses is realized.
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board, and fig. 3 is used for inhibiting the surge pulse of a communication port by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD aiming at the surge pulse of the communication port. The gas discharge tube is sealed with ceramic, and is internally filled with inert gas hydrogen or neon by two or more metal electrodes with gaps. When the voltage applied to the two ends of the electrode reaches the breakdown voltage of the gas in the gas discharge tube, the gas discharge tube starts to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state, so that the voltage of the two ends of the electrode does not exceed the breakdown voltage. Once the gas discharge tube is turned on, the voltage across it will be very low, and it can be used for line-to-line and line-to-ground protection, respectively. The ESD is a clamp type overvoltage protection device, has low capacitance and meets the communication application of a high-speed communication port.
The invention relates to a design method for anti-surge pulse of a board, and fig. 4 and 5 are used for inhibiting the surge pulse of a control port by adopting a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse aiming at the surge pulse of the control port. When the direct current is applied, the TVS is reversely connected in parallel in the circuit, and when the circuit works normally, the TVS is in a cut-off state, so that the normal work of the circuit is not influenced. When the circuit has abnormal overvoltage and reaches the breakdown voltage of the TVS, the TVS is rapidly changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, instantaneous overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal overvoltage is clamped within a safe level, so that the circuit at the later stage is protected from being damaged by the abnormal overvoltage.
The invention provides a design method for resisting surge pulse of a board, which aims at a damage mechanism of the surge pulse in the board design and provides a design method for inhibiting the surge pulse of a power port by adopting a combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC; the method comprises the steps of adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to inhibit surge pulses of a communication port; it is proposed to suppress the surge pulses of the control port with a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovering fuse. Compared with the prior art, the three methods for inhibiting the surge pulse have the following advantages:
(1) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the power supply port of the board, adopts the combination mode of the oxide piezoresistor MOV, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and the self-recovery fuse PPTC to restrain the surge pulse of the power supply port, and the MOV has better instantaneous pulse absorption capability. The leakage transient overcurrent flows to the GDT, the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level for the GDT, the GDT has extremely low capacitance, and the protection board card is prevented from being damaged by transient high voltage. When the current flows, the PPTC automatically fuses and forcibly cuts off the power supply. Double protection for suppressing surge pulses is realized.
(2) The invention aims at surge pulse of the communication port of the board, adopts a combination mode of a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD to restrain the surge pulse of the communication port, has low GDT capacitance, large flux, wide direct current breakdown voltage range and high insulation impedance, and the combination of the GDT and the ESD effectively restrains the surge pulse of the communication interface. Compared with a board card with the communication module without inhibiting surge pulse, the board card effectively inhibits the surge pulse from entering the internal circuit of the board card through the communication port.
(3) The invention aims at the surge pulse of the control port of the board card, and adopts the silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and the self-recovery fuse to restrain the surge pulse of the control port. The TVS has lower dynamic internal resistance, low clamping voltage, higher response speed than other existing overvoltage protection devices, and can quickly discharge transient overcurrent caused by abnormal overvoltage to the ground, and clamp the abnormal overvoltage within a safe level, so that the protection board card can normally operate.
The invention designs an anti-surge pulse circuit aiming at three modules such as a power module, a communication module and a control module on the board, and the like, releases instant overcurrent, clamps the instant overvoltage, automatically fuses and cuts off the power supply when the instant overcurrent, and effectively inhibits the damage of the board caused by surge pulses.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The design method of the anti-surge pulse of the board card is characterized in that the method adopts the combination of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC to inhibit the surge pulse of a power supply port; the surge pulse of the communication port is restrained by adopting a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD; the surge pulse of the control port is restrained by adopting a silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC;
The board card (1) comprises three modules, namely a power module (3), a communication module (4) and a control module (2), and the three modules are designed to resist surge pulses;
the surge pulse of the power supply port is restrained by adopting a combination mode of an oxide piezoresistor MOV, a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and a self-recovery fuse PPTC on the power supply module (3);
a ceramic gas discharge tube GDT and an electrostatic protection element ESD combination mode is adopted on a communication module (4) to restrain surge pulse of a communication port;
A silicon transient voltage absorption diode TVS and a self-recovery fuse PPTC are adopted on the control module (2) to restrain surge pulse of the control port.
2. The board surge pulse resistant design method according to claim 1, wherein the power module (3) comprises: 2 oxide varistor MOVs, MOV1 and MOV2 respectively, the power module (3) further comprises 2 ceramic gas discharge tubes GDT, GDT1 and GDT2 respectively, further comprises: the power module (3) also comprises 1 self-recovery fuse PPTC; one end of the MOV1 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end is grounded through the GDT 2; one end of the MOV2 is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end is grounded through the GDT 2; GDT1 is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply; one end of the PPTC is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the other end of the PPTC is connected with the back-stage circuit.
3. The method for designing the anti-surge pulse of the board card according to claim 2, wherein the oxide piezoresistor MOV is connected in parallel in the circuit of the power module (3), and when the circuit works normally, the oxide piezoresistor MOV is in a high-resistance state and does not influence the normal work of the circuit; when the circuit has abnormal transient overvoltage and reaches the conducting voltage, the oxide piezoresistor MOV is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state rapidly, the transient overcurrent caused by the abnormal transient overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level.
4. The method for designing an anti-surge pulse of a board card according to claim 3, wherein the oxide varistor MOV is discharged and instantaneously overflows to the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT, the abnormal transient overvoltage is clamped at a lower level to the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT has extremely low capacitance, and the board card is protected from the damage of transient high voltage.
5. The method for designing an anti-surge pulse of a board card according to claim 4, wherein the self-recovery fuse PPTC is automatically blown to forcibly cut off the power supply when the current flows.
6. The method for designing the anti-surge pulse of the board card according to claim 1, wherein the circuit of the communication module (4) comprises: the 4 ceramic gas discharge tubes GDT, namely GDT1-GDT4, further comprise 4 diodes D as electrostatic protection elements ESD, namely D1-D4; after the GDT1-GDT4 are respectively connected with the capacitor in parallel, one end of the GDT is connected with a network transformer, and the other end of the GDT is grounded; one end of each diode D1-D4 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of one group of wires of the network PHY, and the other end is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the same group of wires of the network PHY.
7. The method for designing the anti-surge pulse of the board card according to claim 6, wherein the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is sealed by ceramic, and the interior of the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is formed by filling two or more metal electrodes with gaps with inert gas hydrogen or neon; when the voltage applied to the two ends of the electrode reaches the breakdown of the gas in the gas discharge tube, the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT starts to discharge, and the device becomes a short circuit state, so that the voltage at the two ends of the electrode does not exceed the breakdown voltage; once the ceramic gas discharge tube GDT is conducted, the voltage at two ends is very low; the electrostatic protection element ESD is a clamp type overvoltage protection device, has low capacitance and meets the communication application of a high-speed communication port.
8. The method for designing an anti-surge pulse of a board card according to claim 1, wherein the control module (2) comprises, for the RS485 port: the 3 silicon transient voltage absorption diodes TVS are D1-D3 respectively, and further comprise 2 self-recovery fuses PPTC which are respectively: PTC1 and PTC2; one end of the D1 is connected with the RS485A, and the other end is grounded; one end of the D2 is connected with the RS485A, and the other end is connected with the RS485B; one end of the D3 is connected with the RS485B, and the other end is grounded; PTC1 is connected in series in RS485A line, PTC2 is connected in series in RS485B line.
9. The method for designing an anti-surge pulse of a board card according to claim 1, wherein the control module (2) includes, for the CAN port: the 2 silicon transient voltage absorption diodes TVS are respectively: d1 and D2, wherein one end of D1 is connected with can+, and the other end is grounded; d2 one end is connected with CAN-, and the other end is grounded.
10. The method for designing the anti-surge pulse of the board card according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the TVS is reversely connected in parallel in the circuit of the control module (2) during direct current application, and is in a cut-off state when the circuit works normally, so that the normal work of the circuit is not influenced; when the circuit has abnormal overvoltage and reaches the breakdown voltage of the TVS, the TVS is rapidly changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance state, instantaneous overcurrent caused by the abnormal overvoltage is discharged to the ground, and the abnormal overvoltage is clamped within a safe level, so that the circuit at the later stage is protected from being damaged by the abnormal overvoltage.
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| CN202410621451.0A CN118446162A (en) | 2024-05-20 | 2024-05-20 | Design method for surge pulse resistance of board |
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| CN202410621451.0A CN118446162A (en) | 2024-05-20 | 2024-05-20 | Design method for surge pulse resistance of board |
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