CN118424493A - A high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on a quantum Hall resistor, which comprises the quantum Hall resistor, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source, a switch conversion circuit, two paths of amplifying and filtering circuits and a data acquisition and processing circuit, wherein the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source is connected with the switch conversion circuit; the input end of the switch conversion circuit is respectively and electrically connected with the output ends of the quantum Hall resistor and the superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source, and the output end is sequentially and electrically connected with the amplifying and filtering circuit and the data acquisition and processing circuit; the data acquisition processing circuit comprises two analog-to-digital converters and a data processing circuit, and the input end of each analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected with the output end of one amplifying and filtering circuit. The invention adopts the high-temperature superconductive quantum voltage noise source device based on the pulse-driven high-temperature superconductive Josephson array as a reference noise source, can work in a liquid nitrogen temperature region, has low refrigeration cost and small volume, adopts the quantum Hall resistor as a resistance detector, and can realize the temperature in-situ calibration in a low-temperature strong magnetic field environment.

Description

A high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistance

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of temperature measurement, and in particular to a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistance.

Background technique

Temperature is one of the seven basic physical quantities in the International System of Units. Accurate temperature measurement has wide applications in energy, metallurgy, manufacturing, electronic technology, medical care, national defense, aerospace, and scientific research.

Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin has been defined by the Boltzmann constant, and the primary thermometer must be able to directly trace the temperature to the Boltzmann constant. At present, in the field of temperature measurement, there is still a lack of high-accuracy primary temperature measurement methods that can work in low temperature and strong magnetic field environments. The traditional low-temperature temperature scale based on the International System of Units, the latest is ITS-90 and PLTS-2000. At low temperatures, its main temperature sensors include rhodium iron resistors, silicon diodes, platinum resistors, thin film resistors, noise thermometers, etc. The readings of these low-temperature temperature sensors will have large deviations due to the influence of strong magnetic fields, and high-accuracy primary temperature measurements cannot be achieved. The quantum voltage noise thermometer uses a pulse-driven quantum voltage system to synthesize quantum pseudonoise, and uses this quantum pseudonoise to calibrate the thermal noise generated by the temperature measuring resistor at different temperatures, which can achieve high-accuracy primary temperature measurement. However, the resistance of the temperature measuring resistor used in the quantum voltage noise thermometer will change under low temperature and strong magnetic field. At the same time, in order to measure the resistance value, it is generally necessary to pass current through the resistor. The heating of the resistor will produce a temperature gradient, which affects its temperature measurement accuracy and cannot achieve accurate primary temperature measurement under low temperature and strong magnetic field. For many important application scenarios, such as particle accelerators, aerospace satellites, magnetic resonance imaging systems, cryogenic systems and scientific research, it is particularly important to achieve high-accuracy primary temperature measurement under low temperature and strong magnetic field environment.

At present, the noise thermometer based on quantum voltage noise source uses a low-temperature superconducting Josephson junction array, such as Nb/ _{NbxSi1 -x} /NbJosephson junction, which can realize the Johnson noise method to measure the Boltzmann constant with a relative uncertainty of 3× ^10-6 , contributing to the determination of the Boltzmann constant. However, the low-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer operates at an extremely low temperature (liquid helium temperature range), the equipment is bulky, the refrigeration time is long, the price is expensive and the power consumption is high, which is not conducive to the promotion and application of quantum voltage noise thermometers, and has not yet been used for in-situ temperature calibration and traceability under extreme conditions.

Based on this technical background, the present invention studies a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistance.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention proposes a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, which adopts a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise source device based on a pulse-driven high-temperature superconducting Josephson array as a reference noise source, and adopts a quantum Hall resistor as a resistance detector. It can work in a liquid nitrogen temperature range, has low refrigeration cost, small size, short refrigeration time and low power consumption, thus realizing the portability and desktop nature of the quantum voltage noise thermometer, and promoting the in-situ temperature calibration and traceability application of the quantum voltage noise thermometer under extreme conditions.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, comprising a quantum Hall resistor, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source, a two-way switch conversion circuit, an amplification and filtering circuit, and a data acquisition and processing circuit;

The input end of the switch conversion circuit is electrically connected to the output ends of the quantum Hall resistor and the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit and the data acquisition and processing circuit in sequence;

Each amplification and filtering circuit includes a preamplifier, a first low-pass filter, a buffer amplifier, and a second low-pass filter which are electrically connected in sequence;

The data acquisition and processing circuit includes two analog-to-digital converters and a data processing circuit, the input end of each analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifying and filtering circuit, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit;

The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source is synthesized by using a Josephson junction array chip based on pulse driving.

The technical effects of the present invention include:

(1) The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor proposed in the present invention adopts a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise source device based on a pulse-driven high-temperature superconducting Josephson array as a reference noise source and a quantum Hall resistor as a resistance detector. It can operate in the liquid nitrogen temperature range and has low refrigeration cost, small size, short refrigeration time and low power consumption, thus realizing the portability and desktop nature of the quantum voltage noise thermometer and promoting the in-situ temperature calibration and traceability application of the quantum voltage noise thermometer under extreme conditions.

(2) The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor proposed in the present invention adopts quantum Hall resistor as a detector. The quantum Hall resistor remains unchanged in a wide range of strong magnetic fields and a wide range of low temperatures, avoiding the problem of resistance change of other resistors in a low-temperature and strong magnetic field environment, and can realize primary temperature measurement in a low-temperature and strong magnetic field environment.

(3) The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor proposed in the present invention has a data acquisition and processing circuit including two analog-to-digital converter data processing circuits connected to two amplification and filtering circuits. Through analog-to-digital conversion and data cross-correlation processing, the voltage noise of the room temperature readout circuit can be reduced, thereby making the voltage noise of the quantum Hall resistor noise source dominant.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

FIG1 is a circuit topology diagram of a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistance proposed by the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1- low temperature and strong magnetic field environment, 2- quantum Hall resistance, 3- high temperature environment, 4- high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, 5- switch conversion circuit, 6- amplifier and filter circuit, 7- data acquisition and processing circuit, 8- preamplifier, 9- first low-pass filter, 10- buffer amplifier, 11- second low-pass filter, 12- analog-to-digital converter, 13- data processing circuit.

Detailed ways

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper and lower", generally refer to the upper and lower parts of the device in normal use, and "inside and outside" refer to the outline of the device. In addition, the terms "first, second, third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first, second, third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

The present invention provides a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, as shown in FIG1 , comprising a quantum Hall resistor 2, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4, a switch conversion circuit 5, a two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6, and a data acquisition and processing circuit 7;

The input end of the switch conversion circuit 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source 4 respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6 and the data acquisition and processing circuit 7 in sequence;

Each amplification and filtering circuit 6 includes a preamplifier 8, a first low-pass filter 9, a buffer amplifier 10 and a second low-pass filter 11 which are electrically connected in sequence;

The data acquisition and processing circuit 7 includes two analog-to-digital converters 12 and a data processing circuit 13. The input end of each analog-to-digital converter 12 is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifier and filter circuit 6, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit 13.

The high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source 4 is synthesized using a pulse-driven Josephson junction array chip.

In the present invention, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise source 4 device based on a pulse-driven high-temperature superconducting Josephson array is used as a reference noise source, and a quantum Hall resistor 2 is used as a resistance detector, which can work in a liquid nitrogen temperature range, has low refrigeration cost, small size, short refrigeration time and low power consumption, thereby realizing the portability and desktop nature of the quantum voltage noise thermometer, and promoting the in-situ temperature calibration and traceability application of the quantum voltage noise thermometer under extreme conditions.

According to the present invention, the quantum Hall resistor 2 is in a low temperature and strong magnetic field environment 1;

The temperature of low temperature and strong magnetic field environment 1 is 0-150K, and the magnetic field is 0.5-40T;

The high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4 is in a high temperature environment 3;

The temperature of the high temperature environment 3 is greater than or equal to 40K.

In the present invention, the high temperature environment 3 is a relatively high temperature relative to a low temperature environment below 40K. The high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source of the present invention can also work in a low temperature environment.

According to the present invention, the material of the quantum Hall resistor 2 is a single layer of graphene;

The number of Josephson junction array chips is 1-10 ⁶ ;

The Josephson junction array chip generates Shapiro voltage steps and outputs quantum voltage pulses under microwave drive;

The frequency of microwaves is 1-100 GHz;

The Josephson junction is a high-temperature superconducting Josephson junction based on yttrium barium copper oxide material.

In the present invention, a quantum Hall resistor 2 is used as a detector. The quantum Hall resistor 2 remains unchanged in a wide range of strong magnetic fields and a wide range of low temperatures, avoiding the problem of resistance value changes of other resistors in a low-temperature and strong magnetic field environment, and can realize primary temperature measurement in a low-temperature and strong magnetic field environment.

In the present invention, the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4 uses a Josephson junction array chip to synthesize quantum voltage pseudo-noise; the Josephson junction array generates a Shapiro voltage step under microwave drive, so that the Josephson junction array outputs a quantum voltage pulse, and the quantum voltage pseudo-noise signal is synthesized using arbitrary waveform synthesis technology; the Josephson junction in the Josephson array can be a high-temperature superconducting Josephson junction based on materials such as yttrium barium copper oxide.

Preferably, the switch conversion circuit 5 is used to switch between the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4;

Each amplifying and filtering circuit 6 is used to read out, amplify and filter the noise signal of the quantum Hall resistor 2 or the noise signal of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4;

The data acquisition and processing circuit 7 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion and data correlation processing on the received analog signal.

In the present invention, the data acquisition and processing circuit includes two analog-to-digital converter data processing circuits, and is connected to two-way amplification and filtering circuits. Through analog-to-digital conversion and data cross-correlation processing, the voltage noise of the room temperature readout circuit can be reduced, so that the voltage noise of the quantum Hall resistance noise source is dominant.

In the present invention, the amplification and filtering circuit 6 includes a preamplifier 8, a first low-pass filter 9, a buffer amplifier 10 and a second low-pass filter 11 electrically connected in sequence, which can reduce the voltage noise of the room temperature readout circuit, so that the voltage noise of the quantum Hall resistor 2 noise source dominates.

According to the present invention, the formula used by the thermometer to measure temperature is:

Where T is the thermodynamic temperature, is the noise power of the quantum Hall resistance to be measured, <V _Q ² > is the noise power of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system, n is the number of Shapiro steps, m is the number of Josephson junction array chips, k _b is the Boltzmann constant, i is the Landau level number, e is the basic charge, and f is the frequency of the microwave.

In the present invention, is a constant, and the precise temperature value of the noise source to be measured can be measured at the original level.

According to the present invention, the formula used by the thermometer to measure temperature is derived from the noise power expression of the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the noise power expression of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4.

According to the present invention, the noise power expression of the quantum Hall resistor 2 is:

Where R is the quantum Hall resistance value.

In the present invention, the temperature measurement principle of the noise temperature measurement method is based on the Nyquist equation: in represents the noise power, _kb is the Boltzmann constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature, R is the detector resistance, and ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system. By measuring the thermal noise power and resistance of the resistor within a certain bandwidth, the thermodynamic temperature of the environment in which the resistor detector is located can be obtained.

Preferably, the calculation formula of quantum Hall resistance is:

R = R _K /i;

Where i is the Landau energy level, R _K is the Klitzing constant;

The expression of Klitzing constant is:

R _K =h/e ² ;

Here, h is Planck's constant.

In the present invention, based on the quantum Hall resistor 2, the quantum Hall resistor 2 is used as the detector resistor, and a method of switching the measurement between the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the reference voltage noise source is adopted to eliminate the influence of the measurement system bandwidth.

According to the present invention, the noise power expression of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source is:

<V _Q ² > = nmK _J ^-1 f;

Where K _J is the Josephson constant.

In the present invention, the quantum voltage noise thermometer based on the quantum Hall resistor 2 uses a quantum voltage noise source as a reference voltage noise source to synthesize quantum voltage pseudonoise; the quantum voltage noise thermometer based on the quantum Hall resistor 2 uses a cross-correlation technology to reduce the noise signal of the room temperature readout circuit.

According to the present invention, the expression of the Josephson constant is:

K _J = 2e/h.

The thermometer of the present invention has a wide temperature measurement range and can measure the precise temperature value of the noise source to be measured at the original level. At the same time, the temperature measurement circuit is simple, which reduces the cost of high-precision temperature measurement in low temperature and strong magnetic field environments.

The present invention will be described in more detail below through specific examples.

Example 1

As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, including a quantum Hall resistor 2, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4, a switch conversion circuit 5, a two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6, and a data acquisition and processing circuit 7;

The input end of the switch conversion circuit 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source 4 respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6 and the data acquisition and processing circuit 7 in sequence;

Each amplification and filtering circuit 6 includes a preamplifier 8, a first low-pass filter 9, a buffer amplifier 10 and a second low-pass filter 11 which are electrically connected in sequence;

The data acquisition and processing circuit 7 includes two analog-to-digital converters 12 and a data processing circuit 13. The input end of each analog-to-digital converter 12 is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifier and filter circuit 6, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit 13.

The quantum Hall resistor 2 is in a low temperature and strong magnetic field environment 1, where the temperature is about 4.2K and the magnetic field is about 10T; the quantum Hall resistor 2 made of a single-layer graphene material is used as a temperature sensor; the switch conversion circuit 5 is used to switch between the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4;

The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4 is in a high-temperature environment 3, and uses a Josephson junction array chip with about 1000 based on yttrium barium copper oxide to synthesize quantum voltage pseudo-noise, outputs quantum voltage pulses under 70GHz microwave drive, and synthesizes quantum voltage pseudo-noise using arbitrary waveform synthesis technology;

In this embodiment, the Josephson junction array generates a Shapiro voltage step under microwave drive, so that the Josephson junction array outputs a quantum voltage pulse;

In this embodiment, the temperature of the high temperature environment is 50K;

In this embodiment, the formula used by the thermometer to measure temperature is:

Where T is the thermodynamic temperature, is the noise power of the quantum Hall resistance to be measured, <V _Q ² > is the noise power of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system, n is the number of Shapiro steps, m is the number of Josephson junction array chips, k _b is the Boltzmann constant, i is the Landau level number, e is the basic charge, f is the frequency of the microwave, is a constant.

By using the parameters of this embodiment, the precise temperature value of the noise source to be measured can be measured at the original stage.

Example 2

As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, including a quantum Hall resistor 2, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4, a switch conversion circuit 5, a two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6, and a data acquisition and processing circuit 7;

The input end of the switch conversion circuit 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source 4 respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6 and the data acquisition and processing circuit 7 in sequence;

Each amplification and filtering circuit 6 includes a preamplifier 8, a first low-pass filter 9, a buffer amplifier 10 and a second low-pass filter 11 which are electrically connected in sequence;

The data acquisition and processing circuit 7 includes two analog-to-digital converters 12 and a data processing circuit 13. The input end of each analog-to-digital converter 12 is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifier and filter circuit 6, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit 13.

The quantum Hall resistor 2 is in a low temperature and strong magnetic field environment 1, where the temperature is about 10K and the magnetic field is about 20T; the quantum Hall resistor 2 made of a single-layer graphene material is used as a temperature sensor; the switch conversion circuit 5 is used to switch between the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4;

The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4 is in a high-temperature environment 3, and uses a Josephson junction array chip with about 800 yttrium barium copper oxide to synthesize quantum voltage pseudo-noise, outputs quantum voltage pulses under 75 GHz microwave drive, and uses arbitrary waveform synthesis technology to synthesize quantum voltage pseudo-noise;

In this embodiment, the Josephson junction array generates a Shapiro voltage step under microwave drive, so that the Josephson junction array outputs a quantum voltage pulse;

In this embodiment, the temperature of the high temperature environment is 40K;

In this embodiment, the formula used by the thermometer to measure temperature is:

Where T is the thermodynamic temperature, is the noise power of the quantum Hall resistance to be measured, <V _Q ² > is the noise power of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system, n is the number of Shapiro steps, m is the number of Josephson junction array chips, k _b is the Boltzmann constant, i is the Landau level number, e is the basic charge, f is the frequency of the microwave, is a constant.

By using the parameters of this embodiment, the precise temperature value of the noise source to be measured can be measured at the original stage.

Example 3

As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment provides a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, including a quantum Hall resistor 2, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4, a switch conversion circuit 5, a two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6, and a data acquisition and processing circuit 7;

The input end of the switch conversion circuit 5 is electrically connected to the output end of the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo noise source 4 respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit 6 and the data acquisition and processing circuit 7 in sequence;

Each amplification and filtering circuit 6 includes a preamplifier 8, a first low-pass filter 9, a buffer amplifier 10 and a second low-pass filter 11 which are electrically connected in sequence;

The data acquisition and processing circuit 7 includes two analog-to-digital converters 12 and a data processing circuit 13. The input end of each analog-to-digital converter 12 is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifier and filter circuit 6, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit 13.

The quantum Hall resistor 2 is in a low temperature and strong magnetic field environment 1, where the temperature is about 15K and the magnetic field is about 30T; the quantum Hall resistor 2 made of a single-layer graphene material is used as a temperature sensor; the switch conversion circuit 5 is used to switch between the quantum Hall resistor 2 and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4;

The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source 4 is in a high-temperature environment 3, and uses a Josephson junction array chip with about 1,500 yttrium-barium-copper-oxygen to synthesize quantum voltage pseudo-noise, outputs quantum voltage pulses under 72 GHz microwave drive, and synthesizes quantum voltage pseudo-noise using arbitrary waveform synthesis technology;

In this embodiment, the Josephson junction array generates a Shapiro voltage step under microwave drive, so that the Josephson junction array outputs a quantum voltage pulse;

In this embodiment, the temperature of the high temperature environment is 77K;

In this embodiment, the formula used by the thermometer to measure temperature is:

Where T is the thermodynamic temperature, is the noise power of the quantum Hall resistance to be measured, <V _Q ² > is the noise power of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system, n is the number of Shapiro steps, m is the number of Josephson junction array chips, k _b is the Boltzmann constant, i is the Landau level number, e is the basic charge, f is the frequency of the microwave, is a constant.

By using the parameters of this embodiment, the precise temperature value of the noise source to be measured can be measured at the original stage.

The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor in this embodiment adopts a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise source 4 device based on a pulse-driven high-temperature superconducting Josephson array as a reference noise source, and adopts a quantum Hall resistor 2 as a resistance detector. It can work in the liquid nitrogen temperature range, has low refrigeration cost, small size, short refrigeration time and low power consumption, and realizes the portability and desktop nature of the quantum voltage noise thermometer, and promotes the in-situ temperature calibration and traceability application of the quantum voltage noise thermometer under extreme conditions.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. A high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage noise thermometer based on quantum Hall resistor, characterized in that it includes a quantum Hall resistor, a high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source, a switch conversion circuit, a two-way amplification and filtering circuit, and a data acquisition and processing circuit; The input end of the switch conversion circuit is electrically connected to the output ends of the quantum Hall resistor and the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source respectively, and the output end is electrically connected to the two-way amplification and filtering circuit and the data acquisition and processing circuit in sequence; Each amplification and filtering circuit includes a preamplifier, a first low-pass filter, a buffer amplifier, and a second low-pass filter which are electrically connected in sequence; The data acquisition and processing circuit includes two analog-to-digital converters and a data processing circuit, the input end of each analog-to-digital converter is electrically connected to the output end of an amplifying and filtering circuit, and the output end is electrically connected to the data processing circuit; The high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source is synthesized by using a Josephson junction array chip based on pulse driving. 2. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the quantum Hall resistor is in a low temperature and strong magnetic field environment; The temperature of the low temperature and strong magnetic field environment is 0-150K, and the magnetic field is 0.5-40T; The high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source is in a high temperature environment; The temperature of the high temperature environment is greater than or equal to 40K. 3. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 2, characterized in that the material of the quantum Hall resistor is a single layer of graphene; The number of the Josephson junction array chips is 1-10 ⁶ ; The Josephson junction array chip generates a Shapiro voltage step output quantum voltage pulse under microwave drive; The frequency of the microwave is 1-100 GHz; The Josephson junction is a high temperature superconducting Josephson junction based on yttrium barium copper oxide material. 4. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch conversion circuit is used to switch between the quantum Hall resistor and the high temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source; Each amplifying and filtering circuit is used to read out, amplify and filter the noise signal of the quantum Hall resistor or the noise signal of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudo-noise source; The data acquisition and processing circuit is used for performing analog-to-digital conversion and data correlation processing on the received analog signal. 5. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 3 is characterized in that the formula used by the quantum voltage noise thermometer to measure temperature is: Wherein, T is the thermodynamic temperature value, <V _T ² > is the noise power of the quantum Hall resistance to be measured, <V _Q ² > is the noise power of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source, ΔM is the bandwidth of the quantum voltage noise thermometer measurement system, n is the number of Shapiro steps, m is the number of Josephson junction array chips, k _b is the Boltzmann constant, i is the Landau energy level number, e is the basic charge, and f is the frequency of the microwave. 6. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 5 is characterized in that the formula used by the quantum voltage noise thermometer to measure temperature is derived from the noise power expression of the quantum Hall resistor and the noise power expression of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source. 7. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 6, characterized in that the noise power expression of the quantum Hall resistor is: <V _T ² > = 4 k _b TRΔM; Where R is the quantum Hall resistance value. 8. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 7, characterized in that the calculation formula of the quantum Hall resistance is: R = R _K /i; Where i is the Landau energy level, R _K is the Klitzing constant; The expression of the Klitzing constant is: R _K =h/e ² ; Here, h is Planck's constant. 9. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 8, characterized in that the noise power expression of the high-temperature superconducting quantum voltage pseudonoise source is: <V _Q ² > = nmK _J ^-1 f; Where K _J is the Josephson constant. 10. The quantum voltage noise thermometer according to claim 9, characterized in that the expression of the Josephson constant is: K _J = 2e/h.