CN118407753B - Logging component extraction method of logging while drilling instrument and electric anisotropy identification application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of logging while drilling, in particular to a logging component extraction method and an electric anisotropy identification application of a logging while drilling instrument. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a component matrix of 9 components of signal voltage; obtaining a response general formula of transmission-reception in any direction; setting the coplanar oblique transmitting-oblique receiving model to obtain response; According to the responsetotoSolving to obtainto; According toto、withObtaining components of all the coplanar antenna system models; setting different-surface mode of instrument coil system to obtain response in XZ-surface inclined transmitting-YZ-surface inclined receiving modeAnd obtainto、to; From the obtainedto、toThe method realizes that the resistivity anisotropy information is directly obtained in real-time guidance, improves the electrical anisotropy identification capability of the logging while drilling instrument, and effectively ensures the work of the logging while drilling instrument.

Description

Logging component extraction method and electrical anisotropy identification application of logging while drilling tools

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of logging while drilling, and in particular to a logging component extraction method and electrical anisotropy identification application of a logging while drilling instrument.

Background Art

According to statistics, 30% of the world's oil and gas storage is in alternating layers of sandstone and mudstone. This type of reservoir can be equivalent to a macroscopic uniaxial anisotropic formation. Therefore, the measurement of formation resistivity anisotropy (hereinafter referred to as electrical anisotropy) is an important factor in evaluating the potential of layered reservoirs. The detection and identification of this type of formation is of great practical need for oil and gas development.

The electromagnetic wave resistivity logging while drilling has also gone through three stages of development: In the first stage, due to the axial transmission and axial receiving antenna structure of the logging instrument, it can only measure Signal acquisition of formation resistivity; in the second stage, the instrument introduced a horizontal or inclined transmitting and receiving antenna, and constructed and or The signal composed of components can obtain the formation resistivity and adjacent interface information. While measuring the formation resistivity, it can also detect the adjacent formation interface; the third stage (current stage) under development, the instrument adopts a multi-directional transmitting and receiving antenna structure, which can theoretically obtain , , , , , , , , The nine components in all three directions, namely the three-dimensional hologram, can not only complete the logging task of obtaining formation resistivity and interface information, but also obtain various cross components containing resistivity anisotropy information. In downhole work, the transmission bandwidth of the instrument is still extremely limited (4-8 bits). In order to actively guide the direction of the drill bit in real time while drilling, the instrument is required to obtain more comprehensive downhole formation information through the least transmission signal. Therefore, the extraction of all logging components and the construction of corresponding functional signals have become pain points.

Well logging instruments with multi-directional transmitting and receiving antennas have developed rapidly in recent years, such as Schlumberger's Periscope series, Halliburton's ADR series, CNOOC's DWPR, etc. Based on the above well logging instruments and Michael Zhdanov's azimuthal electromagnetic wave theory, in the study of anisotropic identification signals, Deng et al. further introduced components in the second stage of the signal through symmetrical coils. , , The magnetic field form was used to improve and reconstruct the geological signal to reflect and resist the influence of formation anisotropy; Pardo et al. constructed a signal by combining all the cross components of the XZ plane to express the downhole position information of the logging instrument, which was not negatively affected by anisotropy and wellbore eccentricity; Ma Mingxue, a researcher at CNOOC, and others used the rotation measurement of the instrument to construct a signal containing a component unique to the tilt coil using the ratio of the rotation components. and , making the signal more sensitive to the anisotropy of the formation and making it easier to obtain the azimuth information of the instrument. The logging component extraction of the above instruments is mostly through the coil calculation method of the first two stages, directly measuring the voltage value to obtain the component, and because the instrument only contains the XZ plane transmitting and receiving antenna structure (Co-planar) in the instrument coordinate system, it is impossible to truly achieve true three-dimensional holography. Therefore, the current research is mainly focused on the research of azimuth information and geological signals, and there are fewer more systematic research and analysis on anisotropy. In addition, the above signals are mostly intended to offset the influence of anisotropy, and none of them can directly obtain resistivity anisotropy information in real-time guidance for subsequent evaluation work. The extraction of all 9 components is inseparable from the antenna structure in the three-dimensional direction. At present, there is still a lack of clear component extraction methods to support the feasibility of the current instrument to obtain full components. The full components containing comprehensive information are the basis for building instruments to identify anisotropic formation signals.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the present invention provides a logging component extraction method and electrical anisotropy identification application for a logging while drilling instrument, so as to directly obtain resistivity anisotropy information in real-time guidance, improve the electrical anisotropy identification capability of the logging while drilling instrument, and effectively ensure the operation of the logging while drilling instrument.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for extracting logging components of a logging while drilling instrument, the method comprising:

Step S1: In the coordinate system of the logging while drilling instrument Under the condition of setting the instrument of unit magnetic moment emission in three directions and unit magnetic moment reception in three directions, the received signal voltage has 9 components in total, which are expressed by the component matrix V , and its expression is:

;

in, It represents the voltage signal received by the unit magnetic moment in the n direction when the unit magnetic moment in the m direction is emitted; the 9 components include all the emission and reception combinations in the three-dimensional axis;

Step S2: According to step S1, a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model is set, and a general response formula of transmitting and receiving in any direction is obtained through triangular coordinate transformation, and its expression is:

;

Among them, the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; Receive magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , receiving magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; The instrument rotation angle is ,Regulation is the high corner of the instrument, For low edge angles, the transmitting magnetic moment and the receiving magnetic moment strength are both 1;

Step S3, introducing step S2 into two types of antenna pair modes: co-planar and anti-planar, setting the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is tilted emission-tilted reception, that is , , the instrument rotation angle is , when the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are in the same plane, that is , this antenna mode is the coplanar mode of the instrument coil system;

Set up a coplanar tilted transmit-tilted receive model, fix the rotation angle, and obtain the response , whose expression is:

;

Combine the formulas in the brackets in the above expressions to obtain the parameter equation system:

;

The logging while drilling tool uses multi-sector azimuth measurement, that is, the rotation cycle Divided into N sectors, each recording the corresponding instrument rotation angle The response under the condition is measured by multi-sector rotation of the instrument. Simplify, the simplified expression for:

;

Where i is the sector number, is the voltage response value of the receiving antenna in the i - th sector, is the instrument rotation angle corresponding to the i- th sector;

Step S4: according to step S3 right to Solve and obtain to ;

a. Solve ,right Add up and get The solution is:

;

b. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is:

;

c. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is:

;

d. Solution and ,right Separately Transformation and Transform, and then sum them up respectively. According to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we get and The solutions are:

;

;

Step S5: The known quantity to , and Substitute into the parameter equation group of step S3 to obtain the components of all coplanar antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , ;

Step S6: Set the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is , , the instrument rotation angle is , when the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located on two mutually orthogonal planes, this antenna mode is the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system;

Set the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system and obtain the response in the XZ plane tilted transmission-YZ plane tilted reception mode according to the response formula in step 2 , whose expression is:

;

Get the response in the YZ tilt transmission-XZ tilt reception mode , whose expression is:

;

The above response and response The formulas in the brackets in the expression are combined to obtain the parameter equation system:

;

;

Using the method in step S4 to , to Solve separately and obtain to , to ;

Step S7: The known quantity to , to Substitute them into the parameter equation group of step S6 respectively to obtain the components of all the out-of-plane antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , ; and combine the components of all coplanar antenna system models in step S5 to obtain the 9 components in step S1, that is, obtain .

In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electrical anisotropy identification application of a logging while drilling instrument, wherein the electrical anisotropy identification application of the logging while drilling instrument is implemented based on a logging component extraction method of the logging while drilling instrument;

Step V1: Extract the electrical anisotropy component by using the symmetric antenna inverse compensation and multi-source focusing mode to obtain the main component , and cross components , , , , , ;

Step V2: Using the principal component and cross component in step V1, the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal are synchronously calculated by the logging while drilling instrument to construct the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal , whose expressions are:

;

;

Wherein, angle is the angle of complex number;

Step V3: According to step V2, a three-layer uniform formation model is set, the operating frequency of the logging while drilling instrument is 2 MHz, and the well inclination angle is =50°, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set to be isotropic, and the anisotropy coefficient λ is 1. At this time, the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity Same, both are 1 ; The target layer is set to have anisotropy coefficient λ=1 in the isotropic formation and horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity All 4 ; In anisotropic formations, the anisotropy coefficient λ=2, and the horizontal resistivity For 4 , vertical resistivity For 16 ; The vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10, the thickness of the intermediate target layer is 5m, and the corresponding simulation results are obtained by forward modeling the electrical anisotropy signal response calculated by the generalized reflection coefficient analytical method;

Step V4: Set up a three-layer uniform formation model and well inclination angle =50°, the vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock formation boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock formation boundary is 10m, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set as an isotropic layer, the anisotropy coefficient of the target layer is set to gradually increase from 1 to 5, and the forward simulation is carried out under the conditions of 2MHz and 400KHz working frequencies of the logging while drilling instrument to obtain the corresponding simulation results;

Step V5: Set a three-layer uniform stratum model. The vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is TVD=5m; the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10m; the surrounding rock layer of the model is an isotropic layer, its anisotropy coefficient λ is 1, and the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity are all 1; the anisotropy coefficient λ of the intermediate target layer is fixed at 5, and the horizontal resistivity is 4, vertical resistivity To 100, change the well inclination , gradually increase it from 0° to 90°, select the working frequency of the logging while drilling instrument as 2MHz and 400KHz to perform forward simulation, and obtain the corresponding simulation results;

Step V6: Screen the phase difference signal through step V5 to simulate the azimuth imaging of electrical anisotropy recognition.

In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the method includes obtaining a component matrix of 9 components of the signal voltage; setting a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model, and obtaining a general response formula of transmitting and receiving in any direction through triangular coordinate transformation; setting a coplanar tilted transmitting and tilted receiving model, fixing the rotation angle, and obtaining a response ; According to the response right to Solve and obtain to ;according to to , and , obtain the components of all coplanar antenna system models; set the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system to obtain the response in the XZ plane tilted transmission-YZ plane tilted reception mode , and obtain to , to According to the obtained to , to The components of all out-of-plane antenna system models are obtained, and combined with the components of all coplanar antenna system models to obtain 9 components. This method realizes the direct acquisition of resistivity anisotropy information in real-time guidance, improves the electrical anisotropy recognition capability of the logging while drilling instrument, and effectively ensures the operation of the logging while drilling instrument.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for extracting well logging components provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system of a logging while drilling instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a coplanar tilted transmission-tilted reception model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a coplanar antenna system model provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a coaxial antenna system model; (b) is a schematic diagram of an X-axis transmitting-Z-axis receiving antenna system model; (c) is a schematic diagram of a Z-axis transmitting-X-axis receiving antenna system model; (d) is a schematic diagram of an X-axis transmitting-X-axis receiving antenna system model; (e) is a schematic diagram of a Z-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilted receiving antenna system model; (f) is a schematic diagram of an XZ plane tilted transmitting-Z-axis receiving antenna system model; (g) is a schematic diagram of an X-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilted receiving antenna system model; (h) is a schematic diagram of an XZ plane tilted transmitting-X-axis receiving antenna system model;

FIG6a is a schematic diagram of an XZ plane tilted emission-YZ plane tilted reception model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG6 b is a schematic diagram of a YZ plane tilted emission-XZ plane tilted reception model provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an out-of-plane antenna system model provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of an X-axis transmitting-Y-axis receiving antenna system model; (b) is a schematic diagram of an X-axis transmitting-YZ-plane tilted receiving antenna system model; (c) is a schematic diagram of an XZ-plane tilted transmitting-Y-axis receiving antenna system model; (d) is a schematic diagram of a Y-axis transmitting-X-axis receiving antenna system model; (e) is a schematic diagram of a Y-axis transmitting-XZ-plane tilted receiving antenna system model; and (f) is a schematic diagram of a YZ-plane tilted transmitting-X-axis receiving antenna system model.

FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a logging while drilling instrument provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG9a is a curve diagram of an amplitude ratio signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG9b is a graph of a phase difference signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG10a is a simulation diagram of an amplitude ratio signal at 2 MHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG10b is a simulation diagram of a phase difference signal at 2 MHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG10c is a simulation diagram of an amplitude ratio signal at 400 KHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG10d is a simulation diagram of a phase difference signal at 400 KHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG11a is a simulation diagram of an amplitude ratio signal at 2 MHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG11b is a simulation diagram of a phase difference signal at 2 MHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11c is a simulation diagram of an amplitude ratio signal at 400 KHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG11d is a simulation diagram of a phase difference signal at 400 KHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of anisotropic signal imaging provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)", depending on the context.

The present invention starts from an imaginary three-directional electromagnetic wave instrument, combines the basic measurement principle of the logging coil system as a theoretical premise, derives the transmission-receiving response formula of two types of antenna structures, namely, coplanar antenna pairs and skew antenna pairs, and solves and extracts all 9 logging components, forming an electromagnetic logging component extraction method that can be directly calculated and used in actual logging projects. Using this method as a theory, a signal that enables the logging while drilling instrument to have the ability to identify anisotropic formations is constructed, applied to the independently developed three-dimensional holographic electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument while drilling, and the response characteristics of the signal are analyzed, and the signal is further compared and screened to ensure that as few transmission resources as possible are used in underground work, and then azimuth imaging is performed with a typical sandstone-mudstone interlayer model to complete the application of the electrical anisotropy identification function of the logging while drilling instrument.

FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for extracting well logging components provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG1 , the method includes:

Step S1: In the coordinate system of the logging while drilling instrument Under the condition of setting the instrument of unit magnetic moment emission in three directions and unit magnetic moment reception in three directions, the received signal voltage has 9 components in total, which are expressed by the component matrix V , and its expression is:

;

in, It represents the voltage signal received by the unit magnetic moment in the n direction when the unit magnetic moment in the m direction is emitted. The 9 components include all the emission and reception combinations in the three-dimensional axis.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG2, in the coordinate system The transmitting end and the receiving end are marked in the figure; since the nine components include all the transmitting and receiving combinations in the three-dimensional axis, they have omnidirectional formation information and can be used as the basic components of the functional signal of the while drilling logging tool.

Step S2: According to step S1, a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model is set, and a general response formula of transmitting and receiving in any direction is obtained through triangular coordinate transformation, and its expression is:

;

Among them, as shown in Figure 3, the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; Receive magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , receiving magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; The instrument rotation angle is ,Regulation is the high corner of the instrument, It is a low angle, and the intensity of the transmitting magnetic moment and the receiving magnetic moment are both 1.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3 , the circle and arrow at mark ① represent the transmitting coil model and its magnetic moment direction, and the circle and arrow at mark ② represent the receiving coil model and its magnetic moment direction.

Step S3, introducing step S2 into two types of antenna pair modes: co-planar and anti-planar, setting the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is tilted emission-tilted reception, that is , , the instrument rotation angle is , when the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are in the same plane, that is , this antenna mode is the coplanar mode of the instrument coil system.

Set up a coplanar tilted transmit-tilted receive model, fix the rotation angle, and obtain the response , whose expression is:

;

response is the 9 components, the magnetic moment angle of the receiving and transmitting antennas and , the weighted function of the rotation angle of the logging while drilling tool, and the extraction of the full component requires the response Perform analytical calculations; combine the formulas in brackets in the above expressions to obtain the parameter equation group:

;

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 , the arrow at mark ③ represents the direction of the magnetic moment of the transmitting antenna, and the arrow at mark ④ represents the direction of the magnetic moment of the receiving antenna coplanar with the plane where the magnetic moment of the transmitting antenna is located.

In order to obtain the rotation azimuth information of the tool, the rotation azimuth angle is corresponded to the logging response in this state for calculation. The logging while drilling tool uses multi-sector azimuth measurement, that is, the rotation period is Divided into N sectors, each recording the corresponding instrument rotation angle The response under the condition is measured by multi-sector rotation of the instrument. Simplify, the simplified expression for:

;

Where i is the sector number, is the voltage response value of the receiving antenna in the i - th sector, is the instrument rotation angle corresponding to the i- th sector.

Step S4: according to step S3 right to Solve and obtain to ;

a. Solve ,right Add up and get The solution is:

;

b. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is:

;

c. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is:

;

d. Solution and ,right Separately Transformation and Transform, and then sum them up respectively. According to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we get and The solutions are:

;

;

This completes ~ A total of 5 parameters are solved.

Step S5: The known quantity to , and Substitute into the parameter equation group of step S3 to obtain the components of all coplanar antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , .

At this time, in the above parameter equations, ~ , and is a known quantity, and 9 components need to be solved. However, since there are only 5 independent equations in the above parameter variable equation group, even after the rotation azimuth measurement, it is still impossible to analyze all the components. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the signal response under the special coplanar antenna arrangement mode and further simplify the response formula. The specific classification of coplanar antenna modes is shown in Figure 5, that is, (a) to (h) in Figure 5. Using the above calculation method, as shown in Table 1, the components and analytical extraction conditions and results of various coplanar antenna system models can be obtained.

Table 1

.

(a) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the coaxial antenna system model; (b) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis transmission-Z-axis reception antenna system model; (c) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the Z-axis transmission-X-axis reception antenna system model; (d) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis transmission-X-axis reception antenna system model; (e) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the Z-axis transmission-XZ plane tilted reception antenna system model; (f) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the XZ plane tilted transmission-Z-axis reception antenna system model; (g) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis transmission-XZ plane tilted reception antenna system model; (h) in Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the XZ plane tilted transmission-X-axis reception antenna system model; In the above Table 1, taking (a) in Figure 5 as an example, the name of the antenna system is the coaxial antenna system. According to the coaxial antenna system, one component and one independent equation can be solved, where the solvable component is , the independent equation is = , that is, the solvable components are expressed by analytical extraction formulas. For example, in (d) of Figure 5 = .

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Table 1, in the cases of (d), (g) and (h) in FIG. 5, since the number of components is not equal to the number of independent equations, the components The system of equations can only be solved if they are regarded as one component. However, the two components cannot be analyzed independently and three-dimensional holography cannot be achieved. Therefore, a coil system with an out-of-plane antenna mode is needed to solve the problem.

Step S6: Set the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is , , the instrument rotation angle is When the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located on two mutually orthogonal planes, this antenna mode is the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system.

Set the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system and obtain the response in the XZ plane tilted transmission-YZ plane tilted reception mode according to the response formula in step 2 , whose expression is:

;

Get the response in the YZ tilt transmission-XZ tilt reception mode , whose expression is:

;

The above response and response The formulas in the brackets in the expression are combined to obtain the parameter equation system:

;

;

Using the method in step S4 to , to Solve separately and obtain to , to .

In the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6a and FIG. 6b respectively represent the XZ plane tilted transmission and the YZ plane tilted reception in the out-of-plane mode. , ) and YZ tilted emission-XZ tilted reception ( , ) There are two types. The arrow marked at ⑤ in Figure 6a and Figure 6b represents the direction of the magnetic moment of the transmitting antenna, and the arrow marked at ⑥ represents the direction of the magnetic moment of the receiving antenna that is orthogonal to the plane where the magnetic moment of the transmitting antenna is located.

Step S7: The known quantity to , to Substitute them into the parameter equation group of step S6 respectively to obtain the components of all the out-of-plane antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , ; and combine the components of all coplanar antenna system models in step S5 to obtain the 9 components in step S1, that is, obtain .

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the parameter equation group to , to There are only five independent equations in the equation. Even after the rotation azimuth measurement, it is impossible to analyze all the components. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the signal response under a more special out-of-plane antenna arrangement mode. The specific out-of-plane antenna mode is shown in Figure 7, that is, as shown in Figure 7 (a) to Figure 7 (f). Using the same calculation method, as shown in Table 2, the components and analytical extraction conditions and results of various out-of-plane antenna system models can be obtained.

Table 2

.

(a) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis transmission-Y-axis reception antenna system model; (b) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the X-axis transmission-YZ plane tilt reception antenna system model; (c) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the XZ plane tilt transmission-Y-axis reception antenna system model; (d) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis transmission-X-axis reception antenna system model; (e) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Y-axis transmission-XZ plane tilt reception antenna system model; (f) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the YZ plane tilt transmission-X-axis reception antenna system model. In the above Table 2, taking (a) in Figure 7 as an example, the antenna system name is the X-axis transmission-Y-axis reception antenna system. According to the X-axis transmission-Y-axis reception antenna system, 4 components and 3 independent equations can be solved. Since the number of components is not equal to the number of independent equations, the components Considered as a component, the system of equations can be solved, where = ; = ; = .

In the embodiment of the present invention, the component and It cannot be analyzed independently. Combined with the components that can be analyzed in the coplanar coil system mode, all 9 components can be extracted independently, achieving true three-dimensional holography.

So far, it can be concluded that in the logging while drilling instrument, for any of the above unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving antenna pairs, the component analytical extraction formula in the method can be used to directly calculate the logging response of a single component, and in the actual logging project, combined with the specific antenna mode of the instrument, the selected component can be directly calculated and used to participate in the target signal construction. It can also be proved that the independently developed three-dimensional holographic azimuthal resistivity logging while drilling instrument can use this component extraction method and use 9 holographic components containing omnidirectional information as the basic signal components of the anisotropy identification function of the logging while drilling.

Electrical anisotropy is an extremely important formation parameter in logging work. Its joint analysis with the average resistivity of the formation and the layer interface can directly obtain the geological composition of the well. Obtaining anisotropy information is the prerequisite for subsequent logging work such as inversion. The anisotropy signal is used to indicate the change of the electrical anisotropy coefficient of the formation. When the instrument approaches or passes through the anisotropic target layer, its response characteristics must clearly indicate the relativity of the formation anisotropy coefficient in a specific way, and reflect the differentiation of the formation interface, and express the orientation of the instrument in the formation. The identification of electrical anisotropy, that is, through the application of anisotropy signals in the instrument, the information obtained by the measurement can clearly express the electrical anisotropy of the formation, so as to give full play to the recognition ability.

In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, the logging while drilling instrument is a three-dimensional holographic logging while drilling electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, which adopts a fully symmetrical antenna system structure with six transmitters and six receivers; wherein the transmitting antenna of the instrument includes a first transmitting antenna T1, a second transmitting antenna T2, a third transmitting antenna T3, a fourth transmitting antenna T4, a fifth transmitting antenna T5, and a sixth transmitting antenna T6; the receiving antenna includes a first receiving antenna R1, a second receiving antenna R2, a third receiving antenna R3, a fourth receiving antenna R4, a fifth receiving antenna R5, and a sixth receiving antenna R6.

The first transmitting antenna T1, the second transmitting antenna T2, the third transmitting antenna T3, and the fourth transmitting antenna T4 are Z-direction transmitting antennas; the fifth transmitting antenna T5 and the sixth transmitting antenna T6 are X-direction transmitting antennas; the first receiving antenna R1 and the second receiving antenna R2 are axial receiving antennas; the fifth receiving antenna R5 and the sixth receiving antenna R6 are XZ-plane inclined receiving antennas; the third receiving antenna R3 and the fourth receiving antenna R4 are YZ-plane inclined receiving antennas; the angle between all inclined antennas and the instrument axis is 45°; wherein the axis is the Z direction.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the logging while drilling instrument adopts three measurement working frequencies: 2MHz, 400KHz and 100KHz, and records the tool face angle of the instrument and the signals of each receiving antenna according to 16 sectors as the logging while drilling instrument rotates. After the data of the downhole digital signal processing technology DSP and the field programmable logic gate array FPGA control operation structure is quickly processed, conventional resistivity measurement, azimuthal resistivity imaging measurement, geological imaging measurement and anisotropy measurement and other logging requirements can be realized. The logging while drilling instrument contains a total of 5 types of transmitting-receiving antenna system modes: coaxial antenna system, X-axis transmitting-Z-axis receiving, Z-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilt receiving antenna system, X-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilt receiving antenna system and X-axis transmitting-YZ plane tilt receiving; it can be seen that the above antenna system modes can adopt the above logging component extraction method to directly calculate and comprehensively extract all 9 components in 3 directions, which is also the concept of "three-dimensional holography"; therefore, the logging while drilling instrument has an irreplaceable advantage of "three-dimensional holography" holographic components in logging engineering tasks. The use of holographic components is a prerequisite for the subsequent construction of azimuthal anisotropy signals to maximize the inclusion of formation resistivity anisotropy information.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the electrical anisotropy identification application of the logging while drilling instrument is implemented based on the logging component extraction method of the logging while drilling instrument;

Step V1: Extract the electrical anisotropy component by using the symmetric antenna inverse compensation and multi-source focusing mode to obtain the main component , and cross components , , , , , .

According to previous studies, it has been stipulated that the anisotropy measurement of the logging while drilling instrument can be mainly carried out at the operating frequencies of 2MHz and 400KHz. The greater the source distance, the stronger the directional signal, and the greater the distance of the layer interface that can be predicted. The smaller the source distance, the stronger the sensitivity of the directional signal to the electromagnetic field of the formation, and the richer the geological information that can be obtained. Based on the above concepts, in order to make the logging while drilling instrument stay in the reservoir to a greater extent and improve the quality of reservoir evaluation, the following antenna system is selected as the basis for signal construction. Select the X-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilted receiving antenna system in the logging while drilling instrument: T5-R5, T6-R6 symmetrical antenna system, and calculate and extract the components under multiple sectors. and ; Select the X-axis transmitting-YZ plane tilt receiving antenna system: T5-R3, T6-R4 symmetrical antenna system, calculate and extract components under multi-sector and ; Z-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilted receiving antenna system: two sets of symmetrical antenna systems T3-R5, T4-R6 and T1-R5, T2-R6, forming a "multi-source distance focusing" construction mode, and calculating and extracting multi-source distance components with richer logging information in multiple sectors. and ; Select the two symmetrical antenna systems of X-axis transmitting-XZ plane tilt receiving antenna system: T5-R5, T6-R6 and X-axis transmitting-YZ plane tilt receiving antenna system: T5-R3, T6-R4 in the instrument, and calculate and extract multi-source distance components under multi-sectors and All the components involved are inversely compensated by symmetrical antennas to amplify the anisotropic response of the formation, and the signal is constructed in the form of the sum ratio of the corresponding vertical axial components.

Step V2: Using the principal component and cross component in step V1, the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal are synchronously calculated by the logging while drilling instrument to construct the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal , whose expressions are:

;

;

Here, angle is the complex angle.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal As an electrical anisotropy identification signal, it is used to complete the target application. Phase difference signal The essence of anisotropic signals is the same as that of mainstream logging while drilling tools, that is, the combination of different components. The signal contains the main component , With cross component , , , , , Among them, the two main components are mainly used to detect resistivity change information from the formation interface and indicate the formation orientation of the instrument. The cross components from three directions can measure the anisotropy information of the formation resistivity to the greatest extent in all three-dimensional directions. The interlaced integration of multiple types of information can maximize the completeness of the instrument's evaluation of anisotropy information. The above signals in the three-dimensional holographic electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, combined with the application of different frequencies, source distances, spacings, and antenna combinations, can solve the problem of poor electrical anisotropy recognition ability.

In order to prove that the application has sufficient electrical anisotropy recognition capability, a series of effect verifications were carried out. In order to solve the problem that the downhole transmission bandwidth of the logging while drilling instrument is limited and the minimum transmission signal is needed to express a more comprehensive electrical anisotropy, the available signals were further screened through the analysis of the recognition effect.

Step V3: According to step V2, a three-layer uniform formation model is set, the operating frequency of the logging while drilling instrument is 2 MHz, and the well inclination angle is =50°, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set to be isotropic, and the anisotropy coefficient λ is 1. At this time, the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity Same, both are 1 ; The target layer is set to have anisotropy coefficient λ=1 in the isotropic formation and horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity All 4 ; In anisotropic formations, the anisotropy coefficient λ=2, and the horizontal resistivity For 4 , vertical resistivity For 16 The vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10, the thickness of the middle target layer is 5m, and the corresponding simulation results are obtained by forward modeling of the electrical anisotropy signal response calculated by the generalized reflection coefficient analytical method.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG9a and FIG9b, the horizontal axis in FIG9a is the vertical depth TVD of the wellbore, and the vertical axis is the anisotropy amplitude ratio signal ; In Figure 9b, the horizontal axis is the vertical depth TVD of the wellbore, and the vertical axis is the anisotropic phase difference signal ; When the logging while drilling tool is in the isotropic layer of the surrounding rock, the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal Maintain a constant value of 0; when the logging while drilling tool approaches the target layer from the surrounding rock layer, the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal The response of the two signals decreases, and then the response increases significantly until it reaches the maximum value. When entering the target layer, the response of the two signals decreases significantly from the maximum value, and finally produces a fluctuation at the minimum value and reaches a stable value. If the target layer is an isotropic layer, the stable value is still constant at 0. If the target layer is an anisotropic layer, the constant value will be significantly higher than the constant 0 value response of the surrounding rock layer, and the amplitude is higher than the signal. Phase difference signal The effective dynamic ranges are 17dB and 82° respectively. Since the logging while drilling instrument uses high frequency measurement and the detection wavelength is short, the reflection response of the signal near the anisotropic layer interface is large, so the phase difference signal The response of the logging tool produces an additional up-and-down fluctuation in the downward trend after the maximum peak, rather than a monotonous decline. When the logging tool leaves the anisotropic layer and enters the isotropic layer of the surrounding rock again, the two signals produce responses that are symmetrical to each other when entering the target layer, and they are stabilized to 0 in the surrounding rock layer.

Amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal Due to the difference in anisotropy coefficients, the response produces different constant values, demonstrating the excellent recognition ability of anisotropic formations, and a clear peak response is produced at the formation interface. The symmetrical interface response also demonstrates the orientation of the instrument, meeting the requirements of the three-dimensional holographic resistivity downhole instrument for anisotropic signals.

Although the amplitude is larger than the signal Phase difference signal Both have the ability to identify various anisotropic formations, but in actual LWD, the tight downhole transmission bandwidth resources require the instrument to use the most limited signal to express more complete information on logging data processing and interpretation and evaluation methods. To address this issue, it is necessary to further screen the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal. Therefore, it is necessary to further analyze the response characteristics of LWD electromagnetic wave resistivity logging in combination with other downhole conditions.

Step V4: Set up a three-layer uniform formation model and well inclination angle =50°, the vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10m, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set as an isotropic layer, the anisotropy coefficient of the target layer is set to gradually increase from 1 to 5, and the forward simulation is carried out under the conditions of 2MHz and 400KHz working frequencies of the logging while drilling instrument to obtain the corresponding simulation results.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10a to FIG. 10d, when the logging while drilling instrument is located in formations with different anisotropy coefficients, the responses are obviously different and change regularly. The stronger the anisotropy, the greater the amplitude ratio signal. Phase difference signal The larger the peak value of the response and the constant value in the target layer, the more obvious the increase of the effective dynamic range of the response is before λ increases to 3, and the more slowly the effective dynamic range increases after it is greater than 3. By comparing Figures 10a and 10b with Figures 10c and 10d, it can be seen that the phase difference The distribution of anisotropic formation values is more dispersed, and the response differentiation is large, so the phase difference signal The anisotropy recognition effect is better than the amplitude ratio signal Comparing Figures 10a and 10b with Figures 10c and 10d, it can be seen that the signal response value of 400KHz is smaller than that of 2MHz, and the anisotropy discrimination performance is weaker. However, compared with 2MHz, the 400KHz signal can produce a response exceeding the international standard measurement accuracy (0.02dB/0.2°) at the formation interface about 0.6m in advance, which can more clearly express the azimuth characteristics of the instrument.

Step V5: Set a three-layer uniform stratum model. The vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is TVD=5m; the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10m; the surrounding rock layer of the model is an isotropic layer, its anisotropy coefficient λ is 1, and the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity are all 1; the anisotropy coefficient λ of the intermediate target layer is fixed at 5, and the horizontal resistivity is 4, vertical resistivity To 100, change the well inclination , gradually increase it from 0° to 90°, select the working frequency of the logging while drilling instrument as 2MHz and 400KHz to carry out forward simulation and obtain the corresponding simulation results.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11a to FIG. 11d, the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal The peak and stable value of =0° to =55° and gradually rises to a maximum value. =55° and then starts to decrease. The response of the descending part near the interface changes with the well inclination. The increase is no longer monotonous, but gradually rises first and then falls, which is affected by the well inclination to a certain extent; the phase difference signal The response position will not be affected by the change of well inclination angle. The response characteristics of the signal to anisotropic formations are only affected by the change of well inclination angle in the effective dynamic range, and the detection capability of various anisotropies is not weakened.

The above analysis shows that both the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal have sufficient recognition capabilities in different formations. However, the phase difference signal has better recognition ability for formation resistivity anisotropy than the amplitude ratio signal, and has measurement advantages at both 2MHz and 400KHz operating frequencies. This signal can be selected to complete the task of identifying downhole electrical anisotropy.

Step V6: Screen the phase difference signal through step V5 to simulate the azimuth imaging of electrical anisotropy recognition.

In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG12 , a typical sandstone-mudstone interbed model is simulated to perform instrument response imaging. The model consists of five layers, the first layer is an isotropic layer, and satisfies = =1 ; The second layer is an anisotropic stratum, satisfying =4 , =12 ; The third layer is an isotropic layer, satisfying = =1 ; The fourth layer is an isotropic layer, satisfying = =3 ; The fifth layer is an anisotropic stratum, satisfying =8 , =40 From top to bottom in Figure 12, the first track is the formation model and wellbore trajectory, where TVD represents the vertical depth of the wellbore and THD represents the horizontal distance of the wellbore; the second track is the phase difference signal Response curve; the third track is the anisotropic imaging of the joint tool face angle under this signal.

The simulation tool is used in this model with a large well inclination ( =60°) from the 1st layer to the 5th layer, and then rotate and drill to a symmetrical angle in the 5th layer and then go back to the 1st layer. Phase difference signal The response curve is expressed by the combination of responses at two frequencies. The peak response at the interface is expressed by the sum of the two frequencies. The response of the stable value is expressed by the signal response of 2MHz. This is to better express the azimuth characteristics of the instrument while obtaining more intuitive anisotropic information. In this way, azimuthal imaging is used to form anisotropic imaging of the instrument.

In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG12 , when the borehole trajectory passes through the formation interface, the signal imaging shows obvious sine and cosine characteristics, and by setting a threshold value, the peaks generated by the response are identified and judged, and the azimuth characteristics of the instrument entering or leaving the formation interface are characterized in the form of alternating bright and dark spots.

In the TVD value decreasing stage, first, when the borehole trajectory is located in the isotropic layer 1, the imaging has no features because the signal response value is 0; when the borehole trajectory enters the anisotropic layer 2 from layer 1, the imaging passes through the peak of the signal and presents a bright spot, indicating that it has entered a new formation, and then the anisotropic layer characteristics are displayed as symmetrical strips; when penetrating from layer 2 to layer 3, the imaging passes through the descending peak of the signal and presents a dark spot, indicating that it has entered a new formation, and since layer 3 is an isotropic formation, the imaging has no obvious features at this time; when penetrating from layer 3 to layer 4, the imaging again presents a bright spot, although Although the resistivity of layer 4 is different from that of layer 3, it is still an isotropic layer and the imaging has no obvious features. This also proves that the signal is not affected by the interference of resistivity contrast. When penetrating from layer 4 to layer 5, the imaging is staggered and dark spots appear. In the anisotropic layer 5, the imaging still appears as symmetrical strips. However, the well inclination angle is a variable value at this stage. The symmetrical strips gradually change from bright to dark in the direction of THD growth, showing different characteristics. The well inclination azimuth of the instrument can be directly guided by the phenomenon of strip color change, which is convenient for the instrument to adjust the azimuth in anisotropic formations. In the TVD rising stage, when the borehole trajectory passes from layer 5 back to layer 4, the signal response is symmetrical up and down with the penetration. The bright spots that should be staggered become dark spots because the response amplitude is less than 0. This phenomenon indicates that the instrument has passed through the same formation interface again. In the subsequent trajectory, the imaging continues to follow the rules, generating staggered bright and dark spots according to the layer interface, and presenting symmetrical strips in the anisotropic formation.

In summary, in azimuth imaging, the signal expresses the resistivity anisotropy information of the formation in the form of symmetrical strips, and expresses the azimuth information of the instrument in the form of bright and dark spots, effectively and comprehensively identifying the electrical anisotropy. This is sufficient to prove that the independently developed three-dimensional holographic downhole resistivity instrument can use this signal to obtain sufficient electrical anisotropy recognition capability, can clearly identify anisotropic formations, and can obtain the azimuth information of the instrument at different formation interfaces, which can reduce the difficulty of the downhole guidance work of the instrument in anisotropic formations and the subsequent inversion evaluation of resistivity anisotropy.

The embodiment of the present invention realizes the extraction and calculation of all components of well logging. ~ (coplanar), ~ (different surface), ~ By considering the rotation measurement of the instrument orientation, the parametric equations consisting of the algebraic equations in the coplanar and skew planes are solved separately, and the following equations can be obtained: , , , , , , , , The 9 components in all 3 directions are fixed in the corresponding antenna pair. For any unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving antenna pair, the component extraction formula of the above method can be used to directly calculate the logging response of the specific selected component. In actual engineering, combined with the instrument antenna mode, the selected component is directly calculated and used to support the construction of the target functional signal and obtain comprehensive electrical anisotropy information.

Through the above method, it is applied to the independently developed three-dimensional holographic drilling azimuth electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, and a new type of anisotropic signal is constructed using the full three-dimensional cross component: the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal , so that the instrument can obtain sufficient formation electrical anisotropy information identification capabilities through this application.

Considering the transmission bandwidth resource limitation commonly faced by logging instruments, due to the phase difference signal Compared to the amplitude ratio signal , which is more sensitive to electrical anisotropy, more accurate in identification, and further selects phase difference signals As the anisotropy signal of the instrument, the instrument only occupies the transmission bandwidth of one set of signals and expresses comprehensive electrical anisotropy information.

In the technical solution provided by the present invention, the method includes obtaining a component matrix of 9 components of the signal voltage; setting a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model, and obtaining a general response formula of transmitting and receiving in any direction through triangular coordinate transformation; setting a coplanar tilted transmitting and tilted receiving model, fixing the rotation angle, and obtaining a response ; According to the response right to Solve and obtain to ;according to to , and , obtain the components of all coplanar antenna system models; set the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system to obtain the response in the XZ plane tilted transmission-YZ plane tilted reception mode , and obtain to , to According to the obtained to , to The components of all out-of-plane antenna system models are obtained, and combined with the components of all coplanar antenna system models to obtain 9 components. This method realizes the direct acquisition of resistivity anisotropy information in real-time guidance, improves the electrical anisotropy recognition capability of the logging while drilling instrument, and effectively ensures the operation of the logging while drilling instrument.

Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for extracting logging components of a logging while drilling instrument, characterized in that the method comprises: Step S1: In the coordinate system of the logging while drilling instrument Under the condition of setting the instrument of unit magnetic moment emission in three directions and unit magnetic moment reception in three directions, the received signal voltage has 9 components in total, which are expressed by the component matrix V , and its expression is: ; in, It represents the voltage signal received by the unit magnetic moment in the n direction when the unit magnetic moment in the m direction is emitted; the 9 components include all the emission and reception combinations in the three-dimensional axis; Step S2: According to step S1, a unidirectional transmitting and unidirectional receiving measurement unit model is set, and a general response formula of transmitting and receiving in any direction is obtained through triangular coordinate transformation, and its expression is: ; Among them, the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , the emission magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; Receive magnetic moment The angle with the instrument axis is , receiving magnetic moment The angle with the instrument rotation axis is ; The instrument rotation angle is ,Regulation is the high corner of the instrument, For low edge angles, the transmitting magnetic moment and the receiving magnetic moment strength are both 1; Step S3, introducing step S2 into two types of antenna pair modes: co-planar and anti-planar, setting the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is tilted emission-tilted reception, that is , , the instrument rotation angle is , when the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are in the same plane, that is , this antenna mode is the coplanar mode of the instrument coil system; Set up a coplanar tilted transmit-tilted receive model, fix the rotation angle, and obtain the response , whose expression is: ; Combine the formulas in the brackets in the above expressions to obtain the parameter equation system: ; The logging while drilling tool uses multi-sector azimuth measurement, that is, the rotation cycle Divided into N sectors, each recording the corresponding instrument rotation angle The response under the condition is measured by multi-sector rotation of the instrument. Simplify, the simplified expression for: ; Where i is the sector number, is the voltage response value of the receiving antenna in the i - th sector, is the instrument rotation angle corresponding to the i- th sector; Step S4: according to step S3 right to Solve and obtain to ; a. Solve ,right Add up and get The solution is: ; b. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is: ; c. Solve ,right conduct After transformation, we can add and sum them up, and according to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we can get The solution is: ; d. Solution and ,right Separately Transformation and Transform, and then sum them up respectively. According to the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, we get and The solutions are: ; ; Step S5: The known quantity to , and Substitute into the parameter equation group of step S3 to obtain the components of all coplanar antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , ; Step S6: Set the angles between the antenna magnetic moment direction and the instrument axis to be and , the magnetic moment angle is , , the instrument rotation angle is , when the magnetic moments of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located on two mutually orthogonal planes, this antenna mode is the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system; Set the out-of-plane mode of the instrument coil system and obtain the response in the XZ plane tilted transmission-YZ plane tilted reception mode according to the response formula in step 2 , whose expression is: ; Get the response in the YZ tilt transmission-XZ tilt reception mode , whose expression is: ; The above response and response The formulas in the brackets in the expression are combined to obtain the parameter equation system: ; ; Using the method in step S4 to , to Solve them separately and obtain to , to ; Step S7: The known quantity to , to Substitute them into the parameter equation group of step S6 respectively to obtain the components of all the out-of-plane antenna system models, that is, , , , , , , , ; and combine the components of all coplanar antenna system models in step S5 to obtain the 9 components in step S1, that is, obtain . 2. An electrical anisotropy identification application of a logging while drilling instrument, characterized in that the electrical anisotropy identification application of the logging while drilling instrument is implemented based on the logging component extraction method of the logging while drilling instrument according to claim 1; Step V1: Extract the electrical anisotropy component by using the symmetric antenna inverse compensation and multi-source focusing mode to obtain the main component , and cross components , , , , , ; Step V2: Using the principal component and cross component in step V1, the amplitude ratio signal and the phase difference signal are synchronously calculated by the logging while drilling instrument to construct the amplitude ratio signal Phase difference signal , whose expressions are: ; ; Wherein, angle is the angle of complex number; Step V3: According to step V2, a three-layer uniform formation model is set, the operating frequency of the logging while drilling instrument is 2 MHz, and the well inclination angle is =50°, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set to be isotropic, and the anisotropy coefficient λ is 1. At this time, the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity Same, both are 1 ; The target layer is set to have anisotropy coefficient λ=1 in the isotropic formation and horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity All 4 ; In anisotropic formations, the anisotropy coefficient λ=2, and the horizontal resistivity For 4 , vertical resistivity For 16 ; The vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10m, and the thickness of the intermediate target layer is 5m. The corresponding simulation results are obtained by forward modeling the electrical anisotropy signal response calculated by the generalized reflection coefficient analytical method; Step V4: Set up a three-layer uniform formation model and well inclination angle =50°, the vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock formation boundary is 5m, the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock formation boundary is 10m, the surrounding rock layer of the model is set as an isotropic layer, the anisotropy coefficient of the target layer is set to gradually increase from 1 to 5, and the forward simulation is carried out under the conditions of 2MHz and 400KHz working frequencies of the logging while drilling instrument to obtain the corresponding simulation results; Step V5: Set a three-layer uniform stratum model, the vertical depth TVD of the upper surrounding rock stratum boundary is 5m; the vertical depth TVD of the lower surrounding rock stratum boundary is 10m; the surrounding rock layer of the model is an isotropic layer, its anisotropy coefficient λ is 1, and the horizontal resistivity and vertical resistivity are all 1; the anisotropy coefficient λ of the intermediate target layer is fixed at 5, and the horizontal resistivity is 4, vertical resistivity To 100, change the well inclination , gradually increase it from 0° to 90°, select the working frequency of the logging while drilling instrument as 2MHz and 400KHz to perform forward simulation, and obtain the corresponding simulation results; Step V6: Screen the phase difference signal through step V5 to simulate the azimuth imaging of electrical anisotropy recognition.