CN118371917B - A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements and a preparation method thereof, comprising powder and a welding skin wrapped outside the powder, wherein the raw materials of the powder include, by mass percentage, 15.0% to 20.0% Cr, 8.0% to 14.0% Nb, 6.0% to 8.0% Ta, 3.0% to 5.0% Al, 2.0% to 3.0% Zr, 1.0% to 2.0% Hf, and the rest Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. In the welding wire of the present invention, Cr and Al are designed to jointly generate a dense oxide film to resist the corrosion of sulfides to the cladding layer at high temperature, and on this basis, Zr and Hf active elements are combined to promote the adhesion of the dense oxide film to the substrate, and refine the oxide film grains, thereby effectively improving the resistance of the cladding layer to the corrosion of sulfides at high temperature.

Description

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and in particular relates to a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements and a preparation method thereof.

Background Art

With the gradual improvement of the requirements for boiler combustion pollutant emission control, low-nitrogen combustion technology has developed rapidly and has been promoted and applied in coal-fired power plants, effectively solving the problem of nitrogen emissions. However, after long-term practice, during the combustion of high-sulfur coal, it will cause very prominent high-temperature corrosion problems to the water-cooled wall, resulting in damage to the tube wall, and it is very easy to burst the tube, which will cause the boiler to be unable to use normally, thus affecting the operation of the power plant. According to relevant statistics, 30% of the equipment failures in thermal power plants are caused by water-cooled wall tube bursts, resulting in the explosion of four boiler tubes. For this reason, strengthening the research on the problem of high-temperature corrosion of water-cooled walls is the focus and difficulty of exploration of coal-fired power plants.

The combustion of high-sulfur coal poses a particularly significant threat to the heating surface of the boiler, among which the most prominent problem is the high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall. High-temperature corrosion is not only a complex chemical process, but also a dynamic system that is constantly influencing each other. When high-sulfur coal is burned in the boiler, the sulfur element will be converted into various sulfur compounds under high temperature conditions, which will have a direct corrosive effect on the water-cooled wall of the boiler. Specifically, the high temperature environment in the furnace makes it very easy for a large amount of dust to adhere to the surface of the water-cooled wall. These dusts are rich in low-melting-point composite alkaline sulfates, such as Na ₃ Fe (SO ₄ ) ₂ , and highly corrosive gases, such as H ₂ S. These substances become extremely active at high temperatures and can quickly react chemically with the oxide film on the surface of other substrates. During the reaction process, the composite alkaline sulfate combines with the components in the oxide film to form new compounds. These compounds are often unstable and easily decompose and release corrosive substances. At the same time, corrosive gases such as H ₂ S can also directly attack the oxide film of the substrate, causing it to lose its protective effect. Under the combined effect of these factors, the base material of the water-cooled wall tube will suffer rapid corrosion, resulting in thinning of the tube wall, reduced strength, and may even cause serious accidents such as leakage or tube burst. Therefore, how to improve the service life of the water-cooled wall in a sulfur-containing environment has become an urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems and provide a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements and a preparation method thereof. The present invention can be used for surfacing welding on the surface of the heating surface of the water-cooled wall of a power plant boiler, thereby improving the service life of the water-cooled wall in a sulfur-containing environment.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

The invention provides a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, comprising powder and a welding skin wrapped outside the powder, wherein the raw materials of the powder include, by mass percentage, 15.0%-20.0% Cr, 8.0%-14.0% Nb, 6.0%-8.0% Ta, 3.0%-5.0% Al, 2.0%-3.0% Zr, 1.0%-2.0% Hf, and the rest Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.

The particle size of the powder is 100~200 mesh.

The weld skin is Cr30Ni 70 strip.

The weld thickness is 0.4mm and the width is 7mm.

The filling rate of medicine powder is controlled at 20%~25%.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials by mass percentage: Cr: 15.0%~20.0%, Nb: 8.0%~14.0%, Ta: 6.0%~8.0%, Al: 3.0%~5.0%, Zr: 2.0%~3.0%, Hf: 1.0%~2.0%, and the rest is Ni. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: heating the raw materials weighed in step 1 to remove crystal water in the raw materials, and mixing the dried raw materials to obtain drug powder;

Step 3: remove grease from the surface of the weld skin, wrap the powder obtained in step 2 in the weld skin through a flux-cored wire drawing device, and perform the first drawing process. The aperture of the drawing die used in the first drawing process is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, so that the final nickel-based welding wire diameter is 1.0~1.2mm.

In step 2, the heating temperature is 200-260°C and the insulation time is 1-2h.

In step 2, the mixing time is 1 to 2 hours.

In step 3, the weld skin is Cr30Ni 70 strip with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 7 mm.

In step 3, the filling rate of the medicine powder is controlled at 20%~25%.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The welding wire of the present invention is a nickel-based welding wire, and has good weldability with a water-cooled wall substrate (iron-based). After surfacing, a metallurgical bonding layer is formed with _high bonding strength. At the same time, the welding wire forms _Cr2O3 and _Al2O3 oxide films at high temperatures by adding Cr and Al elements. These two oxide films are dense and can fully protect the surfacing layer from further corrosion by sulfides. By adding active elements _Zr and _Hf to the welding wire, the adhesion ability of _Cr2O3 and _{Al2O3 oxide} films on the alloy is significantly improved, _{the Cr2O3 and Al2O3 oxide} film grains are refined, and the heat cycle resistance is improved.

Furthermore, the welding wire of the present invention is suitable for protecting the water-cooled wall in the area where high-temperature sulfide corrosion occurs in a coal-fired boiler, and can effectively slow down the high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall, thereby avoiding the occurrence of pipe burst accidents.

Furthermore, the alloy element content in the present invention is small, the preparation is simple, and the welding can be performed with a melting electrode or a non-melting electrode, so the application range is wide, and the welding wire is a metal powder type, so there is no slag and less spatter during the welding process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a metallographic structure of a surfacing layer after surfacing welding is performed on a 15CrMo plate using a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2;

FIG2 (a) shows the high temperature corrosion morphology of the cross section of the cladding layer welding wire after cladding welding on a 15CrMo plate using a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2;

FIG2( b ) shows the cross-sectional high temperature corrosion morphology of the 15CrMo base material of the cladding layer after cladding welding on a 15CrMo plate using a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but it should not be understood that the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Without departing from the above technical ideas of the present invention, various substitutions and changes are made according to common technical knowledge and customary means in the field, which should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, comprising powder and a welding skin wrapped outside the powder, wherein the raw materials of the powder include, by mass percentage, 15.0%-20.0% Cr, 8.0%-14.0% Nb, 6.0%-8.0% Ta, 3.0%-5.0% Al, 2.0%-3.0% Zr, 1.0%-2.0% Hf, and the rest Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.

The particle size of the powder is 100~200 mesh.

The weld skin is Cr30Ni 70 strip.

The weld thickness is 0.4mm and the width is 7mm.

The filling rate of medicine powder is controlled at 20%~25%.

The roles and functions of the main alloy components in this welding wire are as follows:

As the main element, Cr reacts with O at high temperature to form a dense Cr ₂ O ₃ oxide film covering the surface of the cladding layer to prevent further corrosion. As the Cr content increases, the cladding layer's ability to resist high-temperature sulfide corrosion increases. Cr is the fundamental element for absolute corrosion resistance, but the Cr content should not be too high, because the Fe-Cr binary phase diagram shows that a high Cr content reacts with Fe to form a brittle FeCr phase, which deteriorates the bonding strength of the cladding layer.

As another main element, Ni has good weldability with Fe. Since Cr is used to provide better protection for the water-cooled wall, Ni is the most suitable carrier, and Ni-Cr itself can also be infinitely dissolved. Although Ni is not as resistant to sulfide corrosion as Cr at high temperatures, it is stronger than Fe. Therefore, the nickel-based surfacing layer formed is beneficial for resisting high-temperature sulfide corrosion. In addition, Ni has a face-centered cubic structure and good toughness. After surfacing the nickel-based alloy on the surface of the water-cooled wall, during high-temperature service, the nickel-based surfacing layer with excellent toughness can resist the deformation caused by temperature fluctuations, so that the surfacing layer will not crack laterally.

Al element reacts with O to form dense Al ₂ O ₃ at high temperature, which, together with Cr ₂ O ₃ oxide layer, protects the cladding alloy. In addition, since the Cr ₂ O ₃ oxide film and Al ₂ O ₃ oxide film have different structures and sizes, when the above two oxide films are formed on the alloy surface at the same time, they can compensate each other, making the oxide film on the alloy surface more dense. However, Al plays an auxiliary role in nickel-based welding wire, because a large amount of Al addition will deteriorate weldability.

Nb element plays a role in strengthening the nickel-based matrix by dissolving in the Ni matrix. Nb will form a Nb-rich precipitate at high temperature, which can pin the grain boundary and thus prevent the growth of grains at high temperature.

The role of Ta is similar to that of Nb. On the one hand, it strengthens the nickel-based matrix by dissolving in the Ni matrix. However, Ta has a stronger solid solution strengthening effect than Nb. Therefore, when Nb and Ta are added at the same time, the solid solubility of the Ni matrix is greater due to their mutual solid solution, and the lattice distortion is more significant, thus the strengthening effect is more obvious. In addition, Ta will form a Ta-rich precipitate phase at high temperature, which can pin the grain boundary, thereby organizing the growth of grains at high temperature.

Both Zr and Hf are active elements. The addition of these two elements can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of Cr ₂ O ₃ and Al ₂ O ₃ oxide films, improve the adhesion of these two oxide films to the substrate, and also have the effect of refining the oxide film. Therefore, the addition of these two active elements is crucial to improving the sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer at high temperatures. In addition, large-sized active element atoms will be adsorbed on defects such as dislocations on the alloy surface, preventing the migration of metal ions to the metal oxide film and changing the growth mechanism of the oxide film.

The present invention also provides a method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials by mass percentage: Cr: 15.0%~20.0%, Nb: 8.0%~14.0%, Ta: 6.0%~8.0%, Al: 3.0%~5.0%, Zr: 2.0%~3.0%, Hf: 1.0%~2.0%, and the rest is Ni. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: heating the raw materials weighed in step 1 to remove crystal water in the raw materials, and mixing the dried raw materials to obtain drug powder;

In step 2, the heating temperature is 200-260°C, the holding time is 1-2 hours, and the mixing time is 1-2 hours;

Step 3: remove grease from the surface of the weld skin, wrap the powder obtained in step 2 in the weld skin through a flux-cored wire drawing device, and perform the first drawing process. The aperture of the drawing die used in the first drawing process is 2.6 mm;

In step 3, the welding skin is Cr30Ni 70 strip with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 7 mm, and the filling rate of the powder is controlled at 20%~25%;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, so that the final nickel-based welding wire diameter is 1.0~1.2mm.

Example 1

A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials respectively by mass percentage, wherein Cr is 15.0%, Nb is 8.0%, Ta is 6.0%, Al is 3.0%, Zr is 2.0%, Hf is 1.0%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: The raw materials weighed in step 1 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace for heating at a temperature of 200° C. for a holding time of 1 hour to remove the crystal water in the raw materials; the dried raw materials are placed in a powder mixer for sufficient mixing for a mixing time of 1 hour to obtain a powder;

Step 3: Use alcohol to remove grease on the surface of the Cr30Ni 70 strip, and wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in the Cr30Ni 70 strip through a flux-cored wire drawing device. The aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, and finally a welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained;

Step 5: After the welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the welding wire reel by a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a welding wire vacuum packaging bag for standby use.

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 1 was surfacing-welded on the surface of 15CrMo. The surfacing process and the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer were tested as follows:

(1) During the cladding process, the arc is stable and spatter is less, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 2.1 mm;

(2) The cladding layer is mainly composed of nickel-based austenite structure, showing a columnar dendrite morphology;

(3) The microhardness of the cladding layer is 260HV0.2;

(4) The above-mentioned cladding layer was placed in a molten salt of 75% Na ₂ SO ₄ +25% NaCl at 700°C for high temperature corrosion. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that the high temperature sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is significantly better than that of the base material 15CrMo.

Example 2

A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials respectively by mass percentage, of which Cr is 20.0%, Nb is 14.0%, Ta is 8.0%, Al is 5.0%, Zr is 3.0%, Hf is 2.0%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: The raw materials weighed in step 1 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated at a temperature of 260° C. for a holding time of 2 hours to remove the crystal water in the raw materials; the dried raw materials are placed in a powder mixer for sufficient mixing for a mixing time of 2 hours to obtain a powder;

Step 3: Use alcohol to remove grease on the surface of the Cr30Ni 70 strip, and wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in the Cr30Ni 70 strip through a flux-cored wire drawing device. The aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, and finally a welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained;

Step 5: After the welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the welding wire reel by a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a welding wire vacuum packaging bag for standby use.

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2 was surfacing-welded on the surface of 15CrMo. The surfacing process and the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer were tested as follows:

(1) During the cladding process, the arc is stable and spatter is less, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 2.0 mm;

(2) The cladding layer is mainly composed of nickel-based austenite structure, showing a columnar dendrite morphology;

(3) The microhardness of the cladding layer is 264HV0.2;

(4) The above-mentioned cladding layer was placed in a molten salt of 75% Na ₂ SO ₄ +25% NaCl at 700°C for high temperature corrosion. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that the high temperature sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is significantly better than that of the base material 15CrMo.

FIG1 shows the metallographic structure of the surfacing layer after surfacing welding on a 15CrMo plate using a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2. As can be seen from the figure, the surfacing layer is mainly columnar dendrite morphology, and no defects such as pores and cracks are observed.

FIG2 (a) shows the high-temperature corrosion morphology of the cross section of the weld layer of the sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2 after being surfacing on a 15CrMo plate. FIG2 (b) shows the high-temperature corrosion morphology of the cross section of the weld layer 15CrMo base material after being surfacing on a 15CrMo plate using the sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 2. It can be seen from FIG2 (a) and FIG2 (b) that the corrosion thickness on the surface of the weld layer is uniform, and there is no phenomenon of penetrating into the interior, indicating that the corrosion rate is low.

Example 3

A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials respectively by mass percentage, of which Cr is 17.0%, Nb is 12.0%, Ta is 7.0%, Al is 4.0%, Zr is 2.5%, Hf is 1.5%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: The raw materials weighed in step 1 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated at a temperature of 230° C. for 1.5 hours to remove the crystal water in the raw materials; the dried raw materials are placed in a powder mixer for sufficient mixing for 1.5 hours to obtain a powder;

Step 3: Use alcohol to remove grease on the surface of the Cr30Ni 70 strip, and wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in the Cr30Ni 70 strip through a flux-cored wire drawing device. The aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, and finally a welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained;

Step 5: After the welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the welding wire reel by a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a welding wire vacuum packaging bag for standby use.

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 3 was surfacing-welded on the surface of 15CrMo. The surfacing process and the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer were tested as follows:

(1) During the cladding process, the arc is stable and spatter is less, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.9 mm;

(2) The cladding layer is mainly composed of nickel-based austenite structure, showing a columnar dendrite morphology;

(3) The microhardness of the cladding layer is 271HV0.2;

(4) The above-mentioned cladding layer was placed in a molten salt of 75% Na ₂ SO ₄ +25% NaCl at 700°C for high temperature corrosion. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that the high temperature sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is significantly better than that of the base material 15CrMo.

Example 4

A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials respectively by mass percentage, of which Cr is 16.0%, Nb is 11.0%, Ta is 6.50%, Al is 3.5%, Zr is 2.20%, Hf is 1.20%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: The raw materials weighed in step 1 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated at a temperature of 220° C. for a holding time of 1.2 h to remove the crystal water in the raw materials; the dried raw materials are placed in a powder mixer for sufficient mixing for a mixing time of 1.2 h to obtain a powder;

Step 3: Use alcohol to remove grease on the surface of the Cr30Ni 70 strip, and wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in the Cr30Ni 70 strip through a flux-cored wire drawing device. The aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, and finally a welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained;

Step 5: After the welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the welding wire reel by a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a welding wire vacuum packaging bag for standby use.

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 4 was surfacing-welded on the surface of 15CrMo. The surfacing process and the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer were tested as follows:

(1) During the cladding process, the arc is stable and there is less spatter, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.8 mm;

(2) The cladding layer is mainly composed of nickel-based austenite structure, showing a columnar dendrite morphology;

(3) The microhardness of the cladding layer is 261HV0.2;

(4) The above-mentioned cladding layer was placed in a molten salt of 75% Na ₂ SO ₄ +25% NaCl at 700°C for high temperature corrosion. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that the high temperature sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is significantly better than that of the base material 15CrMo.

Example 5

A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials respectively by mass percentage, of which Cr is 19.0%, Nb is 13.0%, Ta is 7.50%, Al is 4.50%, Zr is 2.8%, Hf is 1.1%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%;

Step 2: The raw materials weighed in step 1 are placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated at a temperature of 210° C. for 1.8 hours to remove the crystal water in the raw materials; the dried raw materials are placed in a powder mixer for sufficient mixing for 1.9 hours to obtain a powder;

Step 3: Use alcohol to remove grease on the surface of the Cr30Ni 70 strip, and wrap the powder prepared in step 2 in the Cr30Ni 70 strip through a flux-cored wire drawing device. The aperture of the first drawing die is 2.6 mm;

Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, and finally a welding wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is obtained;

Step 5: After the welding wire is drawn, it is wound on the welding wire reel by a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a welding wire vacuum packaging bag for standby use.

A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements prepared in Example 5 was surfacing-welded on the surface of 15CrMo. The surfacing process and the microstructure and properties of the surfacing layer were tested as follows:

(1) During the cladding process, the arc is stable and there is less spatter, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 2.3 mm;

(2) The cladding layer is mainly composed of nickel-based austenite structure, showing a columnar dendrite morphology;

(3) The microhardness of the cladding layer is 250HV0.2;

(4) The above-mentioned cladding layer was placed in a molten salt of 75% Na ₂ SO ₄ +25% NaCl at 700°C for high temperature corrosion. The results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from the table that the high temperature sulfide corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is significantly better than that of the base material 15CrMo.

Table 1 shows the corrosion results of the cladding layer at 700℃ (5%Na ₂ SO ₄ +25%NaCl)

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, characterized in that it comprises a powder and a welding skin wrapped around the outside of the powder, wherein the raw materials of the powder include, by mass percentage: Cr is 15.0% to 20.0%, Nb is 8.0% to 14.0%, Ta is 6.0% to 8.0%, Al is 3.0% to 5.0%, Zr is 2.0% to 3.0%, Hf is 1.0% to 2.0%, and the rest is Ni, and the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. 2. The sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of the powder is 100-200 meshes. 3. The sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the welding skin is Cr30Ni 70 strip. 4. The sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the weld skin thickness is 0.4 mm and the width is 7 mm. 5. The sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling rate of the powder is controlled at 20% to 25%. 6. A method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1: Weigh the following raw materials by mass percentage: Cr: 15.0%~20.0%, Nb: 8.0%~14.0%, Ta: 6.0%~8.0%, Al: 3.0%~5.0%, Zr: 2.0%~3.0%, Hf: 1.0%~2.0%, and the rest is Ni. The sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%; Step 2: heating the raw materials weighed in step 1 to remove crystal water in the raw materials, and mixing the dried raw materials to obtain drug powder; Step 3: remove grease from the surface of the weld skin, wrap the powder obtained in step 2 in the weld skin through a flux-cored wire drawing device, and perform the first drawing process. The aperture of the drawing die used in the first drawing process is 2.6 mm; Step 4: After the first drawing process is completed, several drawing processes are set in sequence, and the aperture of the drawing die corresponding to each drawing process is reduced in sequence, so that the final nickel-based welding wire diameter is 1.0~1.2mm. 7. The method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 6, characterized in that in step 2, the heating temperature is 200-260° C. and the holding time is 1-2 hours. 8. The method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 6, characterized in that in step 2, the mixing time is 1 to 2 hours. 9. The method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 6, characterized in that in step 3, the welding skin is a Cr30Ni 70 strip with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a width of 7 mm. 10. The method for preparing a sulfide-resistant nickel-based welding wire with added active elements according to claim 6, characterized in that in step 3, the filling rate of the powder is controlled at 20% to 25%.