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CN118369148A - 过滤和废物收集罐 - Google Patents

过滤和废物收集罐 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118369148A
CN118369148A CN202280084524.6A CN202280084524A CN118369148A CN 118369148 A CN118369148 A CN 118369148A CN 202280084524 A CN202280084524 A CN 202280084524A CN 118369148 A CN118369148 A CN 118369148A
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waste
filtering
vertical shaft
filter
waste collection
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Inventor
列昂尼德·亚历山大罗维奇·马秋舍夫
安德烈·根纳季耶维奇·米秋金
叶夫根尼娅·列昂尼多夫娜·沙姆雷
基里尔·尤里耶维奇·科罗别伊尼科夫
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Science And Innovation Nuclear Industry Scientific Development Private Enterprise
Etomonegoployek Jsc
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Science And Innovation Nuclear Industry Scientific Development Private Enterprise
Etomonegoployek Jsc
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Publication of CN118369148A publication Critical patent/CN118369148A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/0012—Settling tanks making use of filters, e.g. by floating layers of particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/0087—Settling tanks provided with means for ensuring a special flow pattern, e.g. even inflow or outflow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2427—The feed or discharge opening located at a distant position from the side walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2444—Discharge mechanisms for the classified liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/085—Funnel filters; Holders therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/114—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
    • B01D29/52—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/76—Handling the filter cake in the filter for purposes other than for regenerating
    • B01D29/86—Retarding cake deposition on the filter during the filtration period, e.g. using stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B01D29/902—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding containing fixed liquid displacement elements or cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • B01D35/027—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks rigidly mounted in or on tanks or reservoirs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

过滤包含废物的大体积液体的装置，并且尤其可用于核工业中，具体地用于核电站的坑槽中，该坑槽设计成在发生事故时过滤大体积冷却剂。过滤及废物收集罐，其罐盖上开有进水孔，出水孔上安装有过滤装置，进水孔内设有安装在罐体下部的立轴；立轴上设有向与过滤装置相对的一侧排出液体的窗口，立轴的上部制成漏斗状。过滤和废物收集罐可用于过滤含有大量废物的大流体流，特别是在核电站安全系统中。

Description

过滤和废物收集罐
发明涉及的技术领域
本发明涉及用于过滤包含废物的大体积液体的装置，并且尤其可用于核工业中，具体地用于核电站的坑槽中，该坑槽设计成在发生事故时过滤大体积冷却剂。
有关现有技术的信息
核电站运行过程中的一个重要问题是在发生事故时对从损坏的主回路管道中流出的冷却剂（通常是水）进行过滤。由于事故发生后使用冷却液冷却堆芯的重要性不亚于正常运行，其不足会导致反应堆堆芯熔化的严重事故，因此必须收集从损坏管道流出的冷却液，送往反应堆芯的应急冷却系统进一步冷却堆芯。问题在于，在与主冷却剂流出相关的事故期间，由于结构和结构的破坏，在安全壳内形成大量废物（碎片）。产生的碎片与硼酸溶液混合，堆芯的应急冷却系统使用硼酸溶液对反应堆装置进行长期冷却。碎片会堵塞堆芯的应急冷却系统并降低反应堆装置的冷却效率。碎片主要由以下几部分组成：
– 潜在碎片，即灰尘、污垢、衣服纤维、纸片、塑料、铁锈、干燥的油漆滴等。因此，潜在碎片是在安全壳下进行基本建设和维修工作以及核电站运行期间产生的碎片；
– 隔热结构破坏产生的碎片；
– 油漆和清漆涂层破坏产生的碎片；
- 化工碎片。
含有大量碎片的冷却剂被收集在特殊的坑槽中，槽内安装有过滤装置，以在冷却剂供应至堆芯的应急冷却系统之前对其进行清洁。问题在于，含有大量碎片的大量冷却剂会在过滤装置的入口处形成障碍，并显着减少或完全阻止冷却剂进入过滤装置，从而导致反应堆堆芯缺乏冷却剂，其发热并发生严重事故。因此，有必要开发一种用于过滤和收集废物的罐体，以防止在大流量携带大量废物的液体时，过滤装置被废物(碎片)堵塞。
为了解决这个问题，使用了多种技术解决方案。
已知一种用于保护水冷核反应堆紧急冷却系统中的坑的具有过滤器模块的装置（俄罗斯联邦发明专利第2686684号，公布于2019年4月30日，国际专利分类G21C9/00），包含安装在反应堆安全壳底部坑上部接收口的过滤系统，连接到管道的入口表示紧急冷却系统的过滤器模块，连接到收集器，防止碎片进入紧急冷却系统管道的进气孔，每个过滤器模块内部都有侧面和顶部的开槽格栅和过滤元件，由过滤管的形式，其侧面有槽，管内设有带孔的分配管，孔的直径沿流动方向逐渐减小，内腔与收集器相连。
该解决方案可以确保水流均匀地流到过滤器表面并消除碎片的不均匀过度生长，并确保过滤器元件本身表面上的水流均匀。该解决方案的缺点是无法确保过滤装置的安全操作，其中大液流携带大量废物，这些废物会堵塞过滤元件的孔。
与要求保护的发明最接近的类似物是悬浮颗粒捕集器(版权证书第SU1733045号,发布于1992年5月15日，国际专利分类：B01D24/02)，包括一个带有用于供应污水和排放净化水的孔的坑槽，一个两级过滤器，包括第一粗清洁级和由网格制成的第二级，其细胞逐渐变小，以去除污染物净化水和波纹网片，安装在带有第二级净化单元的网格之间，其中，为了提高水净化效率和疏水阀的可靠性，第一级净化由平行连接的扁平网片制成单元中，每个单元中的垂直网格与第二级清洁的第一行单元的轴对称安装，单元格与单元格相同，而第一级最后一个网格的细胞比第二级净化中最后一个网格的细胞更大，捕集器配备有垂直轴，安装在坑槽底部，与水孔同轴供水孔的横截面超过供水孔的横截面，在靠近坑槽底板的井壁上设有窗户，其下部与第一级清洗的各网元相连。
该解决方案提高了捕集器的效率及其运行的可靠性。然而，其缺点是无法确保大液流携带大量废物的过滤装置的安全运行。
发明的本质
本发明的目的是开发一种过滤和废物收集罐，确保在携带大量废物的大流体流下可靠运行。
本发明的技术成果是在携带大量废物的大液流期间提高过滤池和废物收集的安全性。
该技术成果是这样实现的：在已知的用于过滤和废物收集的罐中，包括在罐盖上制作的入口孔和其上安装有过滤装置的出口孔，并且在入口孔中具有竖直的孔。竖井安装在罐体的底部，竖井的下部设有用于排出液体的窗口，该窗口的方向与过滤装置相反。
优选将竖轴的上部制成漏斗状。
建议在竖井壁上设置竖向加强肋。
建议在漏斗壁上设置水平肋。
在漏斗顶部安装围栏是合理的。
图表、图纸和其他材料清单
图1示出了用于过滤和垃圾收集的罐的横截面图，其中安装有垂直轴的优选版本。
图2示出了在优选版本中用于过滤和垃圾收集的罐的区段中的侧视图。
图3示出了在优选版本中用于过滤和垃圾收集的罐的俯视图。
确认实施本发明的可能性的信息
立轴4安装在进口处，材质为储罐的顶部1，立井4的下部安装在储罐的地板2上。垂直轴4的上部优选地配备有漏斗3，其中制成垂直肋5和水平肋6。在垂直轴4的下部，
制有窗口8，朝向与过滤装置9相反的方向。流中包含的碎屑主要收集
在碎屑沉积区10中。在优选实施例中，漏斗3上安装有防护罩7。
过滤和废物收集罐优选如下操作。当含有大量碎屑的大量液体从罐顶1通过漏斗3进入竖井4时，会形成一股液体流，同时由于漏斗3和竖井4上的竖向5肋和横向6肋的制动，液体流会失去部分动能。在这种情况下，防护装置7防止特别大的废物进入罐。然后，液流从高处落下，撞击立轴4的底部，并因此失去一部分动能，之后通过窗口8进入罐体的主空间，沿与过滤元件9相反的方向引导，因此，流在流向过滤元件9的途中损失了额外的部分动能，这导致废物沉积在废物沉积区域10中，如尽可能远离过滤元件9，从而防止其堵塞。这使他们能够不受阻碍地操作，从而提高了安全性。
过滤和废物收集罐可用于过滤含有大量废物的大流体流，特别是在核电站安全系统中。

Claims (5)

1.在已知的用于过滤和废物收集的罐中，包括在罐盖上制作的入口孔和其上安装有过滤装置的出口孔，并且在入口孔中具有竖直的孔。竖井安装在罐体的底部，竖井的下部设有用于排出液体的窗口，该窗口的方向与过滤装置相反。
2.根据权利要求1所述的罐体，其特征在于垂直轴的上部呈漏斗状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的罐体，其特征在于竖井的壁上设有竖肋。
4.根据权利要求2所述的罐体，其特征在于漏斗壁上设有水平肋条。
5.根据权利要求2所述的罐体，其特征在于漏斗顶部装有栅栏。
CN202280084524.6A 2021-12-29 2022-12-28 过滤和废物收集罐 Pending CN118369148A (zh)

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RU2021139683A RU2778712C1 (ru) 2021-12-29 2021-12-29 Бак для фильтрации и сбора мусора
RU2021139683 2021-12-29
PCT/RU2022/000402 WO2023128811A1 (ru) 2021-12-29 2022-12-28 Бак фильтрации и сбора мусора

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EP (1) EP4458445A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2025501521A (zh)
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SU1733045A1 (ru) * 1990-04-24 1992-05-15 Всесоюзный государственный научно-исследовательский, проектно-конструкторский и изыскательский институт "Атомэнергопроект" Уловитель взвешенных частиц
RU2153101C1 (ru) * 1999-01-06 2000-07-20 Нуртдинов Наиль Минрахманович Способ получения нормативного давления жидкости и ее фильтрации
WO2015169752A1 (de) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Cci Ag Filtereinrichtung zur anordnung an und/oder in einer flüssigkeitsfördereinrichtung
US20210202120A1 (en) * 2017-06-30 2021-07-01 Joint Stock Company Scientific Research and Design Institute for Energy Technologies Atomproekt VVER Emergency Cooling System Sump Protection Device, Filter Module of Sump Protection Device and Filter Element of Sump Protection Device
UA124560C2 (uk) * 2017-12-29 2021-10-05 Акционєрноє Общєство "Научно-Ісслєдоватєльскій І Проектно-Конструкторскій Інстітут Енергєтічєскіх Тєхнологій "Атомпроект" Активний фільтр бака-приямка атомної електростанції
RU2755537C1 (ru) * 2020-07-27 2021-09-17 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "РусКомПолимер" Фильтрующий блок

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