CN118275278A - S-N curve measuring method for die-casting structural part - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种压铸结构件的S‑N曲线测定方法，涉及金属材料疲劳测试技术领域。该S‑N曲线测定方法，包括以下步骤：S1.获得试棒，使用电液伺服疲劳试验机进行试验；S2.对于S‑N曲线的有限疲劳寿命范围，采用成组法在高于估算平均疲劳强度的应力等级下选取4个应力水平；S3.对于S‑N曲线的无限疲劳寿命范围，采用升降法完成至少14根试棒的试验测试；S4.沿着有限疲劳寿命范围拟合的曲线直到接近计算的平均疲劳强度这一点时进入无限疲劳寿命范围，曲线趋近于水平。本发明通过获得特定材料的S‑N曲线，获得的S‑N曲线能够真实的反应材料的疲劳特性，能够直观判断零部件工作寿命是否达到设计要求，对实际的工业生产和研究具有指导性作用。
The present invention provides a method for determining an S-N curve of a die-cast structural part, and relates to the technical field of fatigue testing of metal materials. The S-N curve determination method comprises the following steps: S1. Obtain a test rod and perform a test using an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine; S2. For the limited fatigue life range of the S-N curve, use a grouping method to select 4 stress levels at a stress level higher than the estimated average fatigue strength; S3. For the infinite fatigue life range of the S-N curve, use a lifting method to complete the test of at least 14 test rods; S4. Fit the curve along the limited fatigue life range until it approaches the calculated average fatigue strength and enters the infinite fatigue life range, and the curve approaches the horizontal. The present invention obtains the S-N curve of a specific material, and the obtained S-N curve can truly reflect the fatigue characteristics of the material, can intuitively judge whether the working life of the parts meets the design requirements, and has a guiding role in actual industrial production and research.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及金属材料疲劳测试技术领域，具体为一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法。The invention relates to the technical field of fatigue testing of metal materials, in particular to a method for determining an S-N curve of a die-casting structural part.
背景技术Background technique
随着疲劳试验研究的不断发展，有限寿命设计在各工业部门的广泛开展和新工艺新材料的大量涌现，需要一种准确可靠的方法来测定材料的S-N曲线，用来研究材料疲劳特性以及各种承受载荷的结构件研发。当今国内以及国际上新能源汽车的快速发展，对汽车轻量化的要求越来越高，A356.2铝合金目前广泛用于汽车底盘各种结构件的原材料，例如副车架、转向节等。With the continuous development of fatigue test research, the widespread implementation of limited life design in various industrial sectors and the emergence of a large number of new processes and new materials, an accurate and reliable method is needed to determine the S-N curve of the material to study the fatigue characteristics of the material and the development of various load-bearing structural parts. With the rapid development of new energy vehicles in China and internationally, the requirements for lightweight vehicles are getting higher and higher. A356.2 aluminum alloy is currently widely used as the raw material for various structural parts of the automobile chassis, such as subframes, steering knuckles, etc.
目前国内研究S-N曲线主要依据GB/T 3075-2008，介绍了室温下金属材料试样轴向等幅力控制疲劳试验的条件以及在不同应力比下，施加应力和失效循环周次之间的关系，现有的标准中没有详细的介绍如何去测定，如何处理数据，如何分析计算这些细致化的内容，仅仅介绍了一些理论上的相互关系，对实际的工业生产和研究缺乏指导性作用。At present, the domestic research on S-N curve is mainly based on GB/T 3075-2008, which introduces the conditions of axial equal-amplitude force controlled fatigue test of metal material specimens at room temperature and the relationship between applied stress and failure cycles under different stress ratios. The existing standards do not provide detailed introductions on how to measure, how to process data, and how to analyze and calculate these detailed contents. They only introduce some theoretical relationships, which lacks guidance for actual industrial production and research.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法，解决了现有技术中S-N曲线的测定无法对实际的工业生产和研究缺乏指导性作用的问题。In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for determining the S-N curve of a die-cast structural part, which solves the problem that the determination of the S-N curve in the prior art lacks a guiding role in actual industrial production and research.
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法，包括以下步骤：To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: A method for measuring the S-N curve of a die-casting structural part, comprising the following steps:
S1.从A356.2铝合金压铸结构件关键部位上取样获得试棒，使用电液伺服疲劳试验机进行试验；S1. Samples were taken from key parts of A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts to obtain test bars, and the test was conducted using an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine;
S2.对于S-N曲线的有限疲劳寿命范围，采用成组法在高于估算平均疲劳强度的应力等级下选取4个应力水平，每一应力水平试验3-4根试棒；S2. For the limited fatigue life range of the S-N curve, four stress levels are selected at stress levels higher than the estimated average fatigue strength using the grouping method, and 3-4 test bars are tested at each stress level;
S3.对于S-N曲线的无限疲劳寿命范围，从估算平均疲劳强度开始，采用升降法完成至少14根试棒的试验测试，取“通过”或“失效”事件中数量较少的为指定事件进行数据计算；S3. For the infinite fatigue life range of the S-N curve, starting from the estimated average fatigue strength, complete the test test of at least 14 test bars using the lift method, and take the smaller number of "pass" or "failure" events as the designated event for data calculation;
S4.沿着有限疲劳寿命范围拟合的曲线直到接近计算的平均疲劳强度这一点时进入无限疲劳寿命范围，曲线趋近于水平，获得最终的S-N曲线。S4. The curve is fitted along the finite fatigue life range until it approaches the calculated average fatigue strength and enters the infinite fatigue life range. The curve approaches horizontality and the final S-N curve is obtained.
优选的，所述电液伺服疲劳试验机采用应力比R＝-1的轴向加载方式，试验频率在50-80Hz。Preferably, the electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine adopts an axial loading method with a stress ratio of R=-1, and a test frequency of 50-80 Hz.
优选的，所述A356.2铝合金压铸结构件的铸造工艺、铸造参数以及取样部位均相同，选取30-40根试棒用于试验。Preferably, the casting process, casting parameters and sampling locations of the A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts are the same, and 30-40 test bars are selected for the test.
优选的，所述S2中包括以下子步骤：Preferably, S2 includes the following sub-steps:
S2.1.利用线性数学模型S2.1. Using linear mathematical models
x＝b-ayx＝b-ay
(式中x＝log N，y＝S，a和b是常数；N代表循环次数，S代表应力水平)，根据得到的试验数据，依据公式计算出S-N平均估计曲线的表达式；(where x = log N, y = S, a and b are constants; N represents the number of cycles, S represents the stress level), according to the test data obtained, according to the formula Calculate the expression of the SN average estimation curve;
S2.2.依据表达式，分别项应力水平y代入求出x的值，依据可求出每一x对应的循环次数N，即可获得一组(N，S)的坐标；S2.2. According to the expression, substitute the stress level y into the expression to find the value of x. According to the expression, the number of cycles N corresponding to each x can be found, and a set of coordinates (N, S) can be obtained.
S2.3.将获得的一组(N，S)坐标拟合成曲线即为S-N曲线的斜线部分。S2.3. Fit the obtained set of (N, S) coordinates into a curve, which is the oblique line part of the S-N curve.
优选的，所述S3中依据公式计算出平均疲劳强度，式中l为应力水平数，fi为指定事件数，d为应力台阶。Preferably, in S3, according to the formula Calculate the average fatigue strength, where l is the number of stress levels, fi is the number of specified events, and d is the stress step.
本发明提供了一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法。具备以下有益效果：The present invention provides a method for measuring the S-N curve of a die-casting structural part. It has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过台架设备、结合分组法和台阶法以及相关数据处理方法，获得特定材料的S-N曲线，获得的S-N曲线能够真实的反应材料的疲劳特性，可以根据零部件在载荷谱条件下的应力-循环次数曲线，计算出零部件的安全系数，并且可以根据应力-循环次数曲线相对S-N曲线的位置，能够直观判断零部件工作寿命是否达到设计要求，对实际的工业生产和研究具有指导性作用。The present invention obtains the S-N curve of a specific material by using a bench device, combining a grouping method, a step method and a related data processing method. The obtained S-N curve can truly reflect the fatigue characteristics of the material, and can calculate the safety factor of the component according to the stress-cycle number curve of the component under the load spectrum condition. In addition, it can intuitively judge whether the service life of the component meets the design requirements according to the position of the stress-cycle number curve relative to the S-N curve, which has a guiding role in actual industrial production and research.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的S-N曲线示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an S-N curve of the present invention;
图2为本发明的试棒尺寸示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of a test rod according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
实施例一：Embodiment 1:
如图1-2所示，本发明实施例提供一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figures 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring an S-N curve of a die-casting structural part, comprising the following steps:
S1.从A356.2铝合金压铸结构件关键部位上取样获得试棒，使用电液伺服疲劳试验机进行试验；S1. Samples were taken from key parts of A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts to obtain test bars, and the test was conducted using an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine;
S2.对于S-N曲线的有限疲劳寿命范围，采用成组法在高于估算平均疲劳强度的应力等级下选取4个应力水平，每一应力水平试验4根试棒；S2. For the limited fatigue life range of the S-N curve, four stress levels are selected at stress levels higher than the estimated average fatigue strength using the grouping method, and four test bars are tested at each stress level;
S3.对于S-N曲线的无限疲劳寿命范围，从估算平均疲劳强度开始，采用升降法完成至少15根试棒的试验测试，取“通过”或“失效”事件中数量较少的为指定事件进行数据计算；S3. For the infinite fatigue life range of the S-N curve, starting from the estimated average fatigue strength, complete the test test of at least 15 test bars using the lift method, and take the smaller number of "pass" or "failure" events as the designated event for data calculation;
S4.沿着有限疲劳寿命范围拟合的曲线直到接近计算的平均疲劳强度这一点时进入无限疲劳寿命范围，曲线趋近于水平，获得最终的S-N曲线。S4. The curve is fitted along the finite fatigue life range until it approaches the calculated average fatigue strength and enters the infinite fatigue life range. The curve approaches horizontality and the final S-N curve is obtained.
电液伺服疲劳试验机采用应力比R＝-1的轴向加载方式，试验频率在60Hz。The electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine adopts an axial loading method with a stress ratio of R=-1 and a test frequency of 60Hz.
A356.2铝合金压铸结构件的铸造工艺、铸造参数以及取样部位均相同，选取40根试棒用于试验。The casting process, casting parameters and sampling locations of A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts are the same, and 40 test bars are selected for the test.
S2中包括以下子步骤：S2 includes the following sub-steps:
S2.1.利用线性数学模型S2.1. Using linear mathematical models
x＝b-ayx＝b-ay
(式中x＝log N，y＝S，a和b是常数；N代表循环次数，S代表应力水平)，根据得到的试验数据，依据公式计算出S-N平均估计曲线的表达式；(where x = log N, y = S, a and b are constants; N represents the number of cycles, S represents the stress level), according to the test data obtained, according to the formula Calculate the expression of the SN average estimation curve;
S2.2.依据表达式，分别项应力水平y代入求出x的值，依据可求出每一x对应的循环次数N，即可获得一组(N，S)的坐标；S2.2. According to the expression, substitute the stress level y into the expression to find the value of x. According to the expression, the number of cycles N corresponding to each x can be found, and a set of coordinates (N, S) can be obtained.
S2.3.将获得的一组(N，S)坐标拟合成曲线即为S-N曲线的斜线部分。S2.3. Fit the obtained set of (N, S) coordinates into a curve, which is the oblique line part of the S-N curve.
S3中依据公式计算出平均疲劳强度，式中 l为应力水平数，fi为指定事件数，d为应力台阶。According to the formula in S3 Calculate the average fatigue strength, where l is the number of stress levels, fi is the number of specified events, and d is the stress step.
通过台架设备、结合分组法和台阶法以及相关数据处理方法，获得特定材料的S-N曲线，本方法主要应用于356.2牌号的铝合金，获得的S-N曲线能够真实的反应材料的疲劳特性，可以根据零部件在载荷谱条件下的应力-循环次数曲线，计算出零部件的安全系数，并且可以根据应力-循环次数曲线相对S-N曲线的位置，能够直观判断零部件工作寿命是否达到设计要求，对实际的工业生产和研究具有指导性作用。The S-N curve of a specific material is obtained by using bench equipment, combining the grouping method, the step method and related data processing methods. This method is mainly applied to 356.2 aluminum alloy. The obtained S-N curve can truly reflect the fatigue characteristics of the material. The safety factor of the component can be calculated based on the stress-cycle number curve of the component under the load spectrum conditions. In addition, the position of the stress-cycle number curve relative to the S-N curve can be used to intuitively judge whether the service life of the component meets the design requirements, which has a guiding role in actual industrial production and research.
实施例二：Embodiment 2:
如图1-2所示，本发明实施例提供一种压铸结构件的S-N曲线测定方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figures 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring an S-N curve of a die-casting structural part, comprising the following steps:
S1.从A356.2铝合金压铸结构件关键部位上取样获得试棒，使用电液伺服疲劳试验机进行试验；S1. Samples were taken from key parts of A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts to obtain test bars, and the test was conducted using an electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine;
S2.对于S-N曲线的有限疲劳寿命范围，采用成组法在高于估算平均疲劳强度的应力等级下选取4个应力水平，每一应力水平试验4根试棒；S2. For the limited fatigue life range of the S-N curve, four stress levels are selected at stress levels higher than the estimated average fatigue strength using the grouping method, and four test bars are tested at each stress level;
S3.对于S-N曲线的无限疲劳寿命范围，从估算平均疲劳强度开始，采用升降法完成至少20根试棒的试验测试，取“通过”或“失效”事件中数量较少的为指定事件进行数据计算；S3. For the infinite fatigue life range of the S-N curve, starting from the estimated average fatigue strength, complete the test test of at least 20 test bars using the lift method, and take the smaller number of "pass" or "failure" events as the designated event for data calculation;
S4.沿着有限疲劳寿命范围拟合的曲线直到接近计算的平均疲劳强度这一点时进入无限疲劳寿命范围，曲线趋近于水平，获得最终的S-N曲线。S4. The curve is fitted along the finite fatigue life range until it approaches the calculated average fatigue strength and enters the infinite fatigue life range. The curve approaches horizontality and the final S-N curve is obtained.
电液伺服疲劳试验机采用应力比R＝-1的轴向加载方式，试验频率在70Hz。The electro-hydraulic servo fatigue testing machine adopts an axial loading method with a stress ratio of R=-1 and a test frequency of 70Hz.
A356.2铝合金压铸结构件的铸造工艺、铸造参数以及取样部位均相同，选取40根试棒用于试验The casting process, casting parameters and sampling locations of A356.2 aluminum alloy die-casting structural parts are the same, and 40 test bars are selected for the test.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118518502A (en) * | 2024-07-18 | 2024-08-20 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Complex high-temperature structure evaluation method and medium based on room-temperature mechanical properties |
| CN118518502B (en) * | 2024-07-18 | 2024-10-18 | 西安航天动力研究所 | Complex high-temperature structure evaluation method and medium based on room-temperature mechanical properties |
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