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CN118238481B - Fireproof heat insulation pad used in new energy battery pack and preparation method - Google Patents

Fireproof heat insulation pad used in new energy battery pack and preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118238481B
CN118238481B CN202410650427.XA CN202410650427A CN118238481B CN 118238481 B CN118238481 B CN 118238481B CN 202410650427 A CN202410650427 A CN 202410650427A CN 118238481 B CN118238481 B CN 118238481B
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China
Prior art keywords
coating
heat insulation
nano plate
fireproof heat
layer
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CN202410650427.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN118238481A (en
Inventor
蔡铭放
王进
李森
王莹莹
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Anyi Taoji New Material Technology Zibo Co ltd
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Anyi Taoji New Material Technology Zibo Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
    • B32B38/1858—Handling of layers or the laminate using vacuum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/246—Vapour deposition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/10—Batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a fireproof heat insulation pad used in a new energy battery pack and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of battery fireproof heat insulation. The fireproof heat insulation pad comprises a microporous nano plate and an insulating layer; the surface of the microporous nano plate is formed into a coating layer through vacuum coating. In the fireproof heat insulation pad, a layer of film is formed on the surface of the microporous nano plate in a vacuum coating mode, and gas in and on the microporous nano plate is pumped out, so that the microporous nano plate is vacuum-sealed by the coating layer, the inside of the coating layer is kept in a vacuum state, and the coating layer cannot be separated from the microporous nano plate. The micropore nano plate after vacuum sealing can not fall off powder, is easier to match with the subsequent packaging technology, has good packaging effect and has long vacuum holding time. In addition, the heat conductivity coefficient of the microporous nano plate in the vacuum state can be reduced, so that the fireproof and heat-insulating effects are improved.

Description

Fireproof heat insulation pad used in new energy battery pack and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire prevention and heat insulation of batteries, and relates to a fire prevention and heat insulation pad used in a new energy battery pack and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The new energy battery comprises a storage battery and a fuel cell, and is one of the extremely important parts of the new energy electric car. With the development of technology, the capacity of the new energy battery is larger and larger, the thermal load of the battery system caused by rapid charge and discharge is higher and higher, and when the thermal load reaches a certain degree, thermal runaway is easy to occur, so that the new energy vehicle is rapid and natural, and the safety of people is endangered.
In order to prevent spontaneous combustion of the new energy battery, fireproof heat insulation pads, such as silica aerogel felt, pre-oxidized fiber felt, multi-layer fireproof composite materials, microporous nano plates and the like, are usually used at intervals among a plurality of cells in the new energy battery. When the fireproof heat-insulating pad with the micropore nano plate is prepared, a plurality of powders are pressed together to form the micropore nano plate, and the micropore nano plate is adhered and pressed together with other materials after being packaged.
However, since the microporous nano-plate is formed by pressing multiple powders, floating powder exists on the surface of the microporous nano-plate, and dust exists on the surface of the microporous nano-plate after encapsulation. The existence of floating powder easily causes that the micropore nano plate is not tightly packaged, and then the air leakage is invalid, and the fireproof heat insulation performance of the micropore nano plate can not be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fireproof heat-insulating pad used in a new energy battery pack and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problem that the existing fireproof heat-insulating pad is easy to fall off dust.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a fireproof heat insulation pad used in a new energy battery pack, which comprises the following components: the insulating layers are arranged on two sides of the microporous nano plate; and forming a coating layer on the surface of the microporous nano plate after vacuum coating.
Preferably, the coating layer is a silicon dioxide ceramic deposition film layer, an aluminum oxide ceramic deposition film layer, a PBI film layer, a PET film layer, a PI film layer, a melamine film layer, a polypropylene film layer, a parylene film layer or a silicon carbide film layer.
Preferably, the preparation material of the microporous nano plate comprises one or more of microporous nano aluminum oxide, nano silicon dioxide, opacifier and inorganic ceramic fiber.
Preferably, the thickness of the microporous nano plate is 1-10mm, and the thickness of the coating layer is 0.5-20 mu m.
Preferably, the inner side of the coating layer is provided with a fireproof heat-absorbing felt.
More preferably, the outer side of the fireproof heat-absorbing felt is also provided with a vermiculite fireproof coating and/or a waterproof coating.
Preferably, one or more of a fireproof heat absorbing felt, a vermiculite fireproof coating and a waterproof coating are arranged between the coating layer and the insulating layer.
Preferably, the thickness of the fireproof heat-absorbing felt is 0.5-6mm, and the density is 200-400kg/m 3.
Preferably, the vermiculite fireproof coating is used in an amount of 40-45g/m 2; the waterproof coating is a mixed coating of a silane coupling agent KH550 and CaCl 2, and the dosage of the waterproof coating is 5-10g/m 2.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the fireproof heat insulation pad used in the new energy battery pack, which comprises the following steps:
S01: uniformly mixing microporous nano alumina, nano silicon dioxide, a light screening agent and inorganic ceramic fibers, then placing the mixture into a mould, and pressing the mixture under the action of pressure to form the microporous nano plate.
Uniformly mixing 5-15% of microporous nano alumina, 40-60% of nano silica, 15-35% of opacifier and 3-15% of inorganic ceramic fiber by mass percent, and then placing into a mould to be pressed under the action of pressure to form the microporous nano plate.
In the present application, the preparation method of the microporous nano alumina comprises: alum and urea are added into deionized water according to the mol ratio of 8:1-1:1, and are magnetically stirred and dissolved; transferring the obtained solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a Ni-AL-LDH precursor; wherein the total volume of the solution is 1/2-3/4 of the volume of the reaction kettle; cooling the Ni-AL-LDH precursor to 20-30 ℃, and centrifugally separating to obtain a precipitate; alternately washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and then drying in vacuum to obtain an AlOOH precursor; and placing the AlOOH precursor in a corundum porcelain boat, and calcining in air to obtain the microporous nano alumina.
The nano silicon dioxide adopts gas phase silicon materials which are commercially produced, and the grain diameter of the nano silicon dioxide is 1-100nm. The opacifier adopts carbon black, titanium whisker, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide or silicon carbide, and the particle size of the opacifier is between 30nm and 5 mu m.
In the present application, the inorganic ceramic fiber is preferably alumina fiber. The preparation method of the alumina fiber comprises the following steps: dissolving a water-soluble polymer in water to prepare a spinning aid solution; wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide PEO, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and polyvinyl alcohol PVA; dissolving water-soluble aluminum salt in deionized water to prepare a salt solution; wherein the water-soluble aluminum salt comprises one or more of aluminum chloride hexahydrate or aluminum nitrate; slowly adding the salt solution into the spinning aid solution, and placing the solution on a magnetic stirrer for stirring and mixing to prepare a spinning precursor solution; adding the spinning precursor solution into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through a coaxial inner needle under the pushing of a mechanical pump, introducing gas through a coaxial outer needle, forming drawn fibers from the spinning solution under the action of air flow, and collecting the fibers in a collector; calcining the fiber filaments in a muffle furnace at high temperature to obtain alumina fibers; wherein the calcination condition is that the temperature is raised to 180-400 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min for 1-8 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 600-1600 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min for 2-8 hours; the fiber diameter of the alumina fiber is 0.8-6 mu m, and the content of the alumina is 72-97%.
S02: and cutting the microporous nano plate according to the requirements, placing the cut microporous nano plate in vacuum packaging equipment, forming a coating layer on the surface of the microporous nano plate through a CVD (chemical vapor deposition), ALD (atomic layer deposition) or PVD (physical vapor deposition) processing technology, and packaging the insulating layer to obtain the fireproof heat-insulating pad.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a fireproof heat-insulating pad used in a new energy battery pack and a preparation method thereof, wherein the fireproof heat-insulating pad comprises a micropore nano plate and insulating layers arranged on two sides of the micropore nano plate; and forming a coating layer on the surface of the microporous nano plate through vacuum coating. A layer of film is formed on the surface of the microporous nano plate in a vacuum coating mode, and gas in the microporous nano plate and on the surface of the microporous nano plate is pumped out, so that the microporous nano plate is vacuum sealed by a coating layer, the inside of the coating layer is kept in a vacuum state, and the coating layer cannot be separated from the microporous nano plate. The vacuum sealed microporous nano plate forms a better integrated structure and has good packaging effect. In addition, the heat conductivity coefficient of the microporous nano plate in the vacuum state can be reduced, so that the fireproof and heat-insulating effects are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a third structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fifth structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application;
The symbols represent:
1-micropore nano plate, 2-coating layer, 3-insulating layer, 4-fireproof heat-absorbing felt, 5-vermiculite fireproof coating and 6-waterproof coating.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a first structure of a fireproof heat insulation pad for a new energy battery pack according to an embodiment of the application. As can be seen from fig. 1, the fireproof heat insulation pad for use in a new energy battery pack provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a microporous nano plate 1, a coating layer 2 and an insulating layer 3.
Specifically, the microporous nano plate 1 is a central part of the fireproof heat insulation pad, and the coating layer 2 and the insulating layer 3 are wrapped on the outer layer of the microporous nano plate 1. The microporous nano plate 1 in the embodiment of the application is a plate body prepared by laminating a plurality of nano powder, such as microporous nano alumina, nano silica, a light shielding agent and inorganic ceramic fiber.
In order to realize tight sealing, floating powder exists on the plate body of the microporous nano plate 1, and in the embodiment of the application, a film is formed on the surface of the microporous nano plate 1 according to a film coating process by vacuum coating, so as to form a film coating layer 2. In the embodiment of the application, the coating is performed in a vacuum state, and gases in and on the microporous nano plate 1 are extracted, so that the microporous nano plate 1 is vacuum sealed by the coating layer 2, the inside of the coating layer 2 is kept in a vacuum state, and the coating layer 2 is not separated from the microporous nano plate 1. The vacuum sealed microporous nano plate 1 forms a better integrated structure, is easier to match with the subsequent packaging process, has good packaging effect and has long vacuum holding time. In addition, the heat conductivity of the microporous nano plate 1 in a vacuum state can be reduced, so that the fireproof and heat-insulating effects are improved.
In the embodiment of the application, the thickness of the microporous nano plate 1 is 1-10mm, and the thickness of the coating layer 2 is 0.5-20 mu m.
In the embodiment of the present application, the preparation raw materials of the coating layer 2 may be selected from silica ceramic, alumina ceramic, PI (Polyimide), PBI (Polybendiimidazole, polybenzimidazole), PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate), melamine, polyethylene, parylene or silicon carbide, so as to prepare a silica ceramic deposition film layer, an alumina ceramic deposition film layer, a PET film layer, a PI film layer, a PBI film layer, a melamine film layer, a polypropylene film layer alcohol, a parylene film layer or a silicon carbide film layer. Since the vacuum coating layer can be applied to surfaces of various shapes such as sharp edges, cracks and inner surfaces, a precursor of polyimide or polybenzimidazole is preferably used as a raw material for preparing the coating layer 2 in the embodiment of the present application. PI films or PBI films can be prepared in a variety of ways, with vacuum evaporation being a very efficient method in this example. In the vacuum evaporation process, a precursor of PI, i.e., a polyamic acid (PAA) solution or a certain precursor of PBI, such as 3,3 '-diaminobenzobenzene-2, 2' -dicarboxylic dianhydride (DABPDA), is used. The PAA or DABPDA is heated in vacuum to form a gaseous state, and is gradually deposited on the micro-nano plate substrate to reform the PI or PBI film. The same principle is used for the alumina ceramic, silica, PET, parylene, polypropylene and melamine films in other embodiments, and precursors of the corresponding films are selected to form a film with strength or toughness on the surface of the micro-nano plate or the fireproof heat absorption felt in an ALD, CVD or PVD mode, so that the heat insulation material with good vacuum degree is formed.
After the surface of the microporous nano plate 1 is coated with a film to form a film coating layer 2, the insulating layer 3 is used for vacuum hot-pressing packaging outside the film coating layer 2, so that the fireproof heat insulation pad keeps a vacuum state for a long time, and the fireproof heat insulation material has better heat insulation performance. The insulating layer 3 is the outermost layer of the fireproof heat insulation pad, has insulating properties, and can prevent the battery from leaking electricity. The insulating layer 3 in the embodiment of the application is preferably a PI film or a PET film.
Based on the first structure of the fireproof heat insulation pad shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the application, a fireproof heat absorption felt 4 is further arranged between the microporous nano plate 1 and the coating layer 2, as shown in fig. 2. Namely, after the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 is stuck on the surface of the microporous nano plate 1, the surface of the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 is vacuum coated to form a coating layer 2, and finally vacuum hot-pressing packaging is carried out through the insulating layer 3 to form an integral structure. At this time, the gas inside and on the surface of the microporous nano plate 1 and the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 can be pumped out, and the microporous nano plate 1 and the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 are vacuum sealed inside the coating layer 2, so that the powder falling condition can not exist. After the coating layer 2 is used for vacuum sealing the microporous nano plate 1 and the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4, the insulating layer 3 is encapsulated in a vacuum hot-pressing manner on the outer layer of the coating layer 2, so that a complete fireproof heat-insulating pad structure is formed.
Based on the first structure of the fireproof heat insulation pad shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the application, a fireproof heat absorption felt 4 is further arranged between the film coating layer 2 and the insulating layer 3, as shown in fig. 3. Namely, after the surface of the microporous nano plate 1 is vacuum-coated to form a coating layer 2, a fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 is stuck on the surface of the coating layer 2, and finally vacuum hot-pressing packaging is carried out through the insulating layer 3 to form an integral structure.
In the embodiment of the application, the fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 is prepared from inorganic ceramic fibers and inorganic heat-absorbing phase-change filler, and can also be prepared from other materials. Preferably, the thickness of the fireproof heat absorbing felt 4 is 0.5-6mm, and the density is 200-400kg/m 3.
Specifically, the preparation method of the fireproof heat absorbing felt 4 comprises the following steps:
S01: sequentially adding magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite, a proper amount of deionized water and a titanate coupling agent into a constant-temperature stirring kettle at 60-80 ℃, stirring for one hour, filtering, dehydrating, washing twice with deionized water, and drying at 100 ℃ to obtain surface modified hydrotalcite, wherein the surface modified hydrotalcite is the surface modified inorganic heat absorption phase change filler;
S02: uniformly mixing inorganic ceramic fibers with 20-30 times deionized water, adding the surface modified inorganic heat absorption phase change filler prepared by S01, potassium titanate whisker and acrylic emulsion, and stirring and dispersing for 30 minutes; then adding flocculant polyamide polyepichlorohydrin resin, stirring at a slow rotating speed lower than 30 rpm to react, waiting for the water body to become clear, and then increasing the stirring rate to continue stirring.
S03: and in the continuous stirring process, pumping the mixture into a pulp flow machine by adopting a pulp pump, and carrying out suction filtration molding to obtain the planar felt. The planar felt is subjected to drying and shaping at a drying temperature of not more than 150 ℃ to obtain the fireproof heat-absorbing felt after 40-50% of water is removed by a vacuum suction filter, and the final thickness is controlled by a reel pressure plate in a flattening way.
Based on the fireproof heat insulation pad with the second structure shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the application, a vermiculite fireproof coating 5 and a waterproof coating 6 are sequentially arranged between the film coating layer 2 and the insulating layer 3 from the microporous nano plate 1 to the insulating layer 3, as shown in fig. 4.
Based on the third structure of the fireproof heat insulation pad shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the application, a vermiculite fireproof coating 5 and a waterproof coating 6 are sequentially arranged between the fireproof heat absorption felt 4 and the insulating layer 3 from the microporous nano plate 1 to the insulating layer 3, as shown in fig. 5.
In the embodiment of the application, the vermiculite fireproof coating 5 is used in an amount of 40-45g/m 2. The preparation method of the vermiculite fireproof coating 5 comprises the following steps: mixing conventional commercial silica sol with 50-300 mesh powdery vermiculite powder to form the vermiculite fireproof coating with the vermiculite mass ratio of 15-25%. The vermiculite fire protection coating is painted in layers to form the vermiculite fire protection coating 5.
In the embodiment of the application, the waterproof coating 6 is a mixed coating of a silane coupling agent KH550 and CaCl 2, and the dosage is 5-10g/m 2. Specifically, caCl 2 is prepared into a CaCl 2 solution with the concentration of 10-30% and the volume of 100ml, then a silane coupling agent KH550 is added into the CaCl 2 solution, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to form the mixed paint of the silane coupling agent KH550 and CaCl 2. The mixed paint is applied in layers to form the water-impermeable coating 6. Wherein, the added volume of the silane coupling agent KH550 is 0.5-5% of CaCl 2 solution.
In addition, the embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the fireproof heat insulation pad used in the new energy battery pack, which comprises the following steps:
S01: uniformly mixing microporous nano alumina, nano silicon dioxide, a light screening agent and inorganic ceramic fibers, then placing the mixture into a mould, and pressing the mixture under the action of pressure to form the microporous nano plate.
Uniformly mixing 5-15% of microporous nano alumina, 40-60% of nano silica, 15-35% of opacifier and 3-15% of inorganic ceramic fiber by mass percent, and then placing into a mould to be pressed under the action of pressure to form the microporous nano plate. The pressure may be determined according to practical situations, and the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited.
In the embodiment of the application, the microporous nano alumina is prepared according to the preparation method of the gamma-alumina nano material disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN 104709932A; when the inorganic ceramic fiber is preferably alumina fiber, the alumina fiber is prepared according to the preparation method of the flexible long fiber disclosed in the patent with the publication number of CN 115925319A; the nano silicon dioxide adopts gas phase silicon materials produced commercially, and the grain diameter is 1-100nm; the opacifier adopts carbon black, titanium whisker, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide or silicon carbide, and the particle size of the opacifier is between 30nm and 5 mu m.
Specifically, the preparation method of the microporous nano alumina comprises the following steps: alum and urea are added into deionized water according to the mol ratio of 8:1-1:1, and are magnetically stirred and dissolved; transferring the obtained solution into a reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction to obtain a Ni-AL-LDH precursor; wherein the total volume of the solution is 1/2-3/4 of the volume of the reaction kettle; cooling the Ni-AL-LDH precursor to 20-30 ℃, and centrifugally separating to obtain a precipitate; alternately washing the precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water, and then drying the precipitate in vacuum at 60 ℃ to obtain an AlOOH precursor; and placing the AlOOH precursor in a corundum porcelain boat, and calcining for 2-10h in air at the temperature of 400-900 ℃ to obtain the microporous nano alumina.
The preparation method of the alumina fiber comprises the following steps: dissolving a water-soluble polymer in water to prepare a spinning aid solution; wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises one or more of polyethylene oxide PEO, polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and polyvinyl alcohol PVA; dissolving water-soluble aluminum salt in deionized water to prepare a salt solution; wherein the water-soluble aluminum salt comprises one or more of aluminum chloride hexahydrate or aluminum nitrate; slowly adding the salt solution into the spinning aid solution, and placing the solution on a magnetic stirrer for stirring and mixing to prepare a spinning precursor solution; adding the spinning precursor solution into an injector, extruding the spinning solution through a coaxial inner needle under the pushing of a mechanical pump, introducing gas through a coaxial outer needle, forming drawn fibers from the spinning solution under the action of air flow, and collecting the fibers in a collector; calcining the fiber filaments in a muffle furnace at high temperature to obtain alumina fibers; wherein the calcination condition is that the temperature is raised to 180-400 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min for 1-8 hours, and then the temperature is raised to 600-1600 ℃ at the speed of 1-20 ℃/min for 2-8 hours.
S02: and cutting the microporous nano plate according to the requirements, placing the cut microporous nano plate in vacuum packaging equipment, forming a coating layer on the surface of the microporous nano plate through ALD, CVD or PVD processing technology, and packaging the insulating layer to obtain the fireproof heat-insulating pad.
Based on coating layers of different materials, different coating modes and coating layer precursors can be selected in the embodiment of the application, so long as the vacuum coating can be performed on the surface of the microporous nano plate. If the coating layer is a PET film layer, a PET solution or melt can be prepared first, or PET can be mixed with some organic materials which are easy to volatilize and have good thermal stability to form a PET precursor before vacuum coating, so that vacuum coating is facilitated. For another example, when the coating layer is a PI coating layer, a polyamide acid solution, a PI resin solution, a PI composite material, or the like may be used as a precursor to prepare the PI coating solution. For another example, when the coating layer is a PBI coating layer, a precursor of PI, i.e., a polyamic acid (PAA) solution or a precursor of PBI, and a specific example is 3,3 '-diaminobenzobenzene-2, 2' -dicarboxylic dianhydride (DABPDA) may be used.
In addition, when the fireproof heat-insulating mat 4 used in the new energy battery pack provided by the embodiment of the application is included, that is, when the fireproof heat-insulating mat is in the structural form shown in fig. 2 and 3, the fireproof heat-insulating mat 4 can be adhered to the surface of the microporous nano plate 1, then a coating layer 2 is formed by vacuum coating on the surface of the fireproof heat-insulating mat 4, and finally vacuum hot-pressing packaging is performed through the insulating layer 3. Or, after the surface of the microporous nano plate 1 is vacuum-coated to form a coating layer 2, a fireproof heat-absorbing felt 4 is stuck on the surface of the coating layer 2, and finally vacuum hot-pressing packaging is carried out through the insulating layer 3.
Furthermore, based on the difference of the setting positions of the fireproof heat-insulating mat 4 in the fireproof heat-insulating mat, the fireproof coating and the waterproof coating are attached to the surface of the film coating layer 2 or the fireproof heat-insulating mat 4 in a rolling or silk screen mode, so that the fireproof heat-insulating mat with the structural modes shown in figures 4 and 5 is formed.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. A fire protection and heat insulation mat for use in a new energy battery pack, comprising: the micro-pore nano plate (1) and insulating layers (3) arranged on two sides of the micro-pore nano plate (1); the surface of the microporous nano plate (1) is subjected to vacuum coating to form a coating layer (2); the coating layer (2) is a silicon dioxide ceramic deposition film layer, an aluminum oxide ceramic deposition film layer, a PBI film layer, a PET film layer, a PI film layer, a melamine film layer, a polypropylene film layer, a parylene film layer or a silicon carbide film layer;
The preparation method of the fireproof heat insulation pad comprises the following steps:
Uniformly mixing microporous nano alumina, nano silicon dioxide, a light screening agent and inorganic ceramic fibers, then placing the mixture into a mold, and pressing the mixture under the action of pressure to form a microporous nano plate;
The microporous nano plate is cut according to the requirements and then placed in vacuum packaging equipment, a raw material precursor for preparing the coating layer is heated in vacuum to form a gaseous material, the gaseous material is gradually deposited on the surface of the microporous nano plate through a CVD or PVD processing technology to form a coating layer, an integrated structure is formed, and the fireproof heat insulation pad is obtained after the insulating layer is packaged.
2. The fireproof heat insulation pad for the inside of the new energy battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the microporous nano plate (1) is 1-10mm, and the thickness of the coating layer (2) is 0.5-20 μm.
3. The fireproof heat insulation pad for the inside of the new energy battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the inner side of the coating layer (2) is provided with a fireproof heat absorption felt (4).
4. The fireproof heat insulation pad for the new energy battery pack according to claim 1, wherein one or more of a fireproof heat absorption felt (4), a vermiculite fireproof coating (5) and a waterproof coating (6) are further arranged between the coating layer (2) and the insulating layer (3).
5. The fire-proof heat insulation mat for use in a new energy battery pack according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the fire-proof heat-absorbing felt (4) is 0.5-6mm and the density is 200-400kg/m 3.
6. The fire protection and heat insulation mat for use in a new energy battery pack according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the vermiculite fire protection coating (5) is used in an amount of 40-45g/m 2; the waterproof coating (6) is a mixed coating of a silane coupling agent KH550 and CaCl 2, and the dosage is 5-10g/m 2.
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CN117246001A (en) * 2023-09-21 2023-12-19 安翼陶基新材料科技(淄博)有限公司 Fireproof heat insulation pad for lithium ion battery and preparation method

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DE102020002098A1 (en) * 2020-04-02 2021-10-07 Diehl Aviation Laupheim Gmbh Aircraft interior panel with an insulation layer, aircraft cabin with the aircraft interior panel and aircraft with the aircraft cabin and / or the aircraft interior panel
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