CN118198708A - Active shortwave antenna array applied to airborne platform - Google Patents
Active shortwave antenna array applied to airborne platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN118198708A CN118198708A CN202410473405.0A CN202410473405A CN118198708A CN 118198708 A CN118198708 A CN 118198708A CN 202410473405 A CN202410473405 A CN 202410473405A CN 118198708 A CN118198708 A CN 118198708A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005433 ionosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/285—Aircraft wire antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an active shortwave antenna array applied to an airborne platform, which relates to the technical field of antennas and comprises the following components: two pairs of short wave antennas and a radio frequency front-end receiving and transmitting assembly; the two short wave antennas are arranged on the front edge of the wing of the airplane; the radio frequency front-end transceiver component is provided with two paths of channels, and the two pairs of short-wave antennas respectively form a short-wave communication system through one path of channels and a short-wave radio station. According to the invention, the conformal antenna technology is adopted, and the antenna is mounted in conformal with the aircraft skin, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is maximized under the condition that the air movement and the intensity of the aircraft are not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an active shortwave antenna array applied to an airborne platform.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Short-wave communication is the only beyond-sight communication means which is not limited by a network hub and an active relay, and a short-wave radio station is one of important communication equipment of the existing airborne platform and provides important guarantee in long-distance combat and mission of the airborne platform. The short wave communication frequency range is 2-30MHz, compared with satellite communication which requires satellite relay to realize remote communication, the short wave realizes the remote communication in sky wave by utilizing an ionosphere under the condition of no need of active relay, the propagation loss of the sky wave is much smaller than that of the ground wave, and the short wave can reach extremely far places after single-hop or multiple-hop reflection (multi-hop propagation) between the ground and the ionosphere. The difference in principle enables the short wave communication system to have good stability, and the satellite can keep a normal working state even when being damaged in war or the enemy starts electronic interference, and the external interference resistance capability is obviously stronger than other communication means in extreme environments.
As the front end of the communication system, the quality of the antenna design determines to some extent the performance of the whole communication system. The working wavelength of the short-wave communication is 10-150 m, the short-wave communication is limited by an installation environment on an airborne platform, and the size of a short-wave antenna is generally not more than 5m, so that the short-wave antenna can be regarded as an electric small antenna, the performance of the electric small antenna is similar to that of an electric dipole, and the antenna has the characteristics of small radiation resistance and low antenna efficiency after tuning. Meanwhile, the short wave antenna utilizes sky waves and ionized layers to reflect propagation signals, the ionized layers are limited, the ionized layers can irregularly change along with day and night, seasons, geographic positions, sun blackness activities and the like, and the short wave antenna can influence short wave communication to different degrees. In order to improve the performance and stability of short-wave communication, the gain of the short-wave antenna is required to be started, and the improvement of the gain of the antenna is a main measure for improving the working distance of a short-wave communication system. Because the short wave antenna is limited by the installed size, the single antenna gain is lower, and the gain and out-of-roundness index are further reduced due to the shielding and coupling effect of the machine body after installation, so that the short wave communication distance is shortened, the voice quality is poor, the noise and error rate are increased, and the like.
In order to improve the short-wave communication performance, the invention provides a double-antenna array design of an onboard platform layout, and the short-wave signals are transmitted and received simultaneously or in diversity by using left and right short-wave antennas, so that the signal radiation gain and the receiving field intensity are maximized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the active short wave antenna array applied to the airborne platform is provided for solving the problems that the radiation gain of the current short wave antenna is low and the out-of-roundness of an antenna pattern is deteriorated due to the influence of shielding of a mounting machine, and the coverage and the directional gain of the antenna pattern are improved through double-antenna diversity receiving and transmitting and array beam forming, so that the problems are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform, comprising:
two pairs of short wave antennas and a radio frequency front-end receiving and transmitting assembly; the two short wave antennas are arranged on the front edge of the wing of the airplane; the radio frequency front-end transceiver component is provided with two paths of channels, and the two pairs of short-wave antennas respectively form a short-wave communication system through one path of channels and a short-wave radio station.
Further, the two pairs of short wave antennas are divided into a left short wave antenna and a right short wave antenna, and are respectively arranged on a left wing and a right wing of the airborne platform; the radomes of the two pairs of short wave antennas are mounted conformally to the aircraft wing leading edge as part of the aircraft wing leading edge structure.
Further, the radome is made of epoxy glass fiber composite material, and the dielectric constant epsilon=5.
Further, the radio frequency front-end transceiver component includes: antenna tuning, T/R components, beam forming network.
Further, each pair of short wave antennas is connected with an antenna phase modulation in the radio frequency front-end receiving and transmitting assembly through a feeder line; tuning antenna impedance by an internal matching network; the T/R component consists of a phase-shifting attenuation amplification multifunctional chip and is used for controlling the amplitude and the phase of the radio frequency signals of each channel; the beam forming network performs beam forming or power distribution on the two paths of radio frequency signals.
Further, the impedance of the antenna after tuning is 50Ω.
Further, the radio frequency front-end transceiver component further comprises: and the switch network realizes the diversity receiving and transmitting and beam forming work of the two pairs of short wave antennas through switch switching.
Further, the total of three switch networks are used for switching the working modes of the antenna.
Further, the three switching networks are a first switching network, a second switching network and a third switching network respectively; wherein,
A first switching network comprising: a switch 1, an A 'contact and a B' contact;
a second switching network comprising: a switch 2, a "contact, B" contact;
A third switching network, comprising: a switch 3, an A contact, a B contact, and a C contact;
One end of the switch 1 is connected with the T/R component of one path of channel, and one end of the switch 2 is connected with the T/R component of the other path of channel; the contact B 'is connected with the contact B' and is connected with the input end of the beam forming network; the A 'contact is connected with the A contact, the A' contact is connected with the C contact, and the output end of the beam synthesis network is connected with the contact B; one end of the switch 3 is connected with the short-wave radio station.
Further, the switching the antenna working modes through the three switch networks includes:
when the switch 1 is switched to the contact A', the switch 3 is switched to the contact A, and the antenna array is in a single receiving and transmitting working mode of the left short wave antenna;
When the switch 2 is switched to the contact A ", the switch 3 is switched to the contact C, and the antenna array is in an independent receiving and transmitting working mode of the right short wave antenna;
When the platform needs a high-gain short wave antenna, dual-antenna beam synthesis can be adopted, namely, the switch 1 is switched to the B 'contact, the switch 2 is switched to the B' contact, and the switch 3 is switched to the B contact, and the dual-antenna gain synthesis is utilized to form a directional beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the conformal antenna technology, and the antenna is mounted conformal with the aircraft skin, so that the radiation efficiency of the antenna is maximized under the condition that the air power and the intensity of the aircraft are not influenced.
2. According to the invention, two pairs of short wave antennas are assembled, and the coverage of the azimuth plane is effectively improved by utilizing the complementation of the left and right short wave antenna patterns.
3. The invention adopts the wave beam synthesis technology, utilizes the T/R component and the wave beam synthesis network to lead the two pairs of short wave antennas to form directional wave beams in azimuth, and improves the gain of the front and back directions by 3.5dB.
4. According to the invention, the switch network is added into the radio frequency front end, and the working mode of the antenna is switched by adopting the switch, so that the omnidirectional high-gain coverage of the short wave function can be realized by only one radio station.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a short wave antenna array layout of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the shortwave system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a gain pattern for diversity transceiving and beam forming of a short wave antenna array in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, an active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform includes:
two pairs of short wave antennas and a radio frequency front-end receiving and transmitting assembly; the two short wave antennas are arranged on the front edge of the wing of the airplane; the radio frequency front-end transceiver component is provided with two paths of channels, and the two pairs of short-wave antennas respectively form a short-wave communication system through one path of channels and a short-wave radio station.
In this embodiment, specifically, the two pairs of short wave antennas are divided into a left short wave antenna and a right short wave antenna, which are respectively installed on a left wing and a right wing of the airborne platform; the radomes of the two short wave antennas are conformally installed with the front edge of the aircraft wing and are used as a part of the front edge structure of the aircraft wing;
the left short wave antenna and the right short wave antenna adopt antennas with the same configuration;
In this embodiment, specifically, the material of the radome is an epoxy glass fiber composite material, and the dielectric constant epsilon=5;
Namely, the radome material is an epoxy glass fiber composite material with high strength and Gao Tou wave property, the dielectric constant epsilon=5, the length of the short wave antenna in the embodiment is 3400mm, and the working frequency range is 2 MHz-30 MHz.
In this embodiment, specifically, the radio frequency front end transceiver component includes: antenna tuning, T/R components, beam forming network.
In this embodiment, specifically, each pair of short wave antennas is connected to an antenna phase modulation in the radio frequency front-end transceiver component through a feeder; tuning antenna impedance by an internal matching network; the T/R component consists of a phase-shifting attenuation amplification multifunctional chip and is used for controlling the amplitude and the phase of the radio frequency signals of each channel; the beam forming network performs beam forming or power distribution on the two paths of radio frequency signals.
In this embodiment, specifically, the impedance of the tuned antenna is 50Ω.
In this embodiment, specifically, the radio frequency front end transceiver component further includes: and the switch network realizes the diversity receiving and transmitting and beam forming work of the two pairs of short wave antennas through switch switching.
In this embodiment, specifically, the switching networks are three, and the antenna working modes are switched by the three switching networks;
the short wave radio station selects the left antenna and the right antenna to work according to the airplane inertial navigation information and the ground station position information.
Further, the three switching networks are a first switching network, a second switching network and a third switching network respectively; wherein,
A first switching network comprising: a switch 1, an A 'contact and a B' contact;
a second switching network comprising: a switch 2, a "contact, B" contact;
A third switching network, comprising: a switch 3, an A contact, a B contact, and a C contact;
One end of the switch 1 is connected with the T/R component of one path of channel, and one end of the switch 2 is connected with the T/R component of the other path of channel; the contact B 'is connected with the contact B' and is connected with the input end of the beam forming network; the A 'contact is connected with the A contact, the A' contact is connected with the C contact, and the output end of the beam synthesis network is connected with the contact B; one end of the switch 3 is connected with the short-wave radio station.
In this embodiment, specifically, the switching the antenna operating mode through the three switch networks includes:
when the switch 1 is switched to the contact A', the switch 3 is switched to the contact A, and the antenna array is in a single receiving and transmitting working mode of the left short wave antenna;
When the switch 2 is switched to the contact A ", the switch 3 is switched to the contact C, and the antenna array is in an independent receiving and transmitting working mode of the right short wave antenna;
When the platform needs a high-gain short wave antenna, dual-antenna beam synthesis can be adopted, namely, the switch 1 is switched to the B 'contact, the switch 2 is switched to the B' contact, and the switch 3 is switched to the B contact, and the dual-antenna gain synthesis is utilized to form a directional beam, so that the local directional gain of the antenna is improved, and the radiation efficiency is maximized.
The embodiment is also based on a finite element algorithm, and the three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation software is utilized to carry out layout simulation design on the aircraft platform and the short-wave antenna array. As shown in FIG. 3, the left antenna and the right antenna are influenced by the shielding of the machine body, only the left half airspace and the right half airspace can be covered respectively, the single-antenna Gain coverage rate is 40% according to the statistical coverage rate of Gain not less than-6 dBi, a communication blind area can exist theoretically, the coverage rate is improved to 85% after diversity receiving and transmitting, and the success rate of short-wave communication is improved.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the beam forming network and the T/R module are used to control the amplitude and phase of two short wave antennas to form a beam formed by one antenna array, and compared with the diversity receiving technology, the gain of the beam formed pattern is improved by about 3.5dB within the range of ±10° in the forward direction and backward direction.
In this embodiment, specifically, the short-wave radio station confirms the azimuth of the communication object according to the aircraft inertial navigation information and the ground station position information, and selects the array working mode, so as to control the switch network to select different antenna working modes, thereby ensuring the omnidirectional radiation requirement of the short-wave function:
When the communication object is positioned at the azimuth plane of 10-170 degrees, the right short wave antenna is adopted for receiving and transmitting, and when the communication object is positioned at the azimuth plane of 190-350 degrees, the left short wave antenna is adopted for receiving and transmitting; when the communication object is positioned at the azimuth plane of 170-190 degrees and-10 degrees, the antenna array is adopted to synthesize beam receiving and transmitting, and the left and right short wave antennas are used to simultaneously receive and transmit short wave signals, so that the signal radiation gain is maximized.
The above examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it is possible for a person skilled in the art to make several variants and modifications without departing from the technical idea of the application, which fall within the scope of protection of the application.
This background section is provided to generally present the context of the present invention and the work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as the description of the present section as not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform, comprising:
two pairs of short wave antennas and a radio frequency front-end receiving and transmitting assembly; the two short wave antennas are arranged on the front edge of the wing of the airplane; the radio frequency front-end transceiver component is provided with two paths of channels, and the two pairs of short-wave antennas respectively form a short-wave communication system through one path of channels and a short-wave radio station.
2. The active short wave antenna array applied to the airborne platform according to claim 1, wherein the two pairs of short wave antennas are divided into a left short wave antenna and a right short wave antenna, and are respectively installed on a left wing and a right wing of the airborne platform; the radomes of the two pairs of short wave antennas are mounted conformally to the aircraft wing leading edge as part of the aircraft wing leading edge structure.
3. An active shortwave antenna array applied to an airborne platform according to claim 2, wherein the radome is made of epoxy glass fiber composite material, and the dielectric constant epsilon=5.
4. The active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency front-end transceiver assembly comprises: antenna tuning, T/R components, beam forming network.
5. An active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform as in claim 4, wherein each shortwave antenna is connected to an antenna phase modulation in the rf front-end transceiver assembly by a feeder; tuning antenna impedance by an internal matching network; the T/R component consists of a phase-shifting attenuation amplification multifunctional chip and is used for controlling the amplitude and the phase of the radio frequency signals of each channel; the beam forming network performs beam forming or power distribution on the two paths of radio frequency signals.
6. An active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform as in claim 5, wherein the tuned impedance of the antenna is 50Ω.
7. The active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform of claim 4, wherein the radio frequency front-end transceiver module further comprises: and the switch network realizes the diversity receiving and transmitting and beam forming work of the two pairs of short wave antennas through switch switching.
8. An active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform as in claim 7, wherein the switching networks are three in total, and the antenna operation mode is switched by the three switching networks.
9. The active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform of claim 7, wherein the three switching networks are a first switching network, a second switching network, and a third switching network, respectively; wherein,
A first switching network comprising: a switch 1, an A 'contact and a B' contact;
a second switching network comprising: a switch 2, a "contact, B" contact;
A third switching network, comprising: a switch 3, an A contact, a B contact, and a C contact;
One end of the switch 1 is connected with the T/R component of one path of channel, and one end of the switch 2 is connected with the T/R component of the other path of channel; the contact B 'is connected with the contact B' and is connected with the input end of the beam forming network; the A 'contact is connected with the A contact, the A' contact is connected with the C contact, and the output end of the beam synthesis network is connected with the contact B; one end of the switch 3 is connected with the short-wave radio station.
10. The active shortwave antenna array for an airborne platform of claim 9, wherein the switching the antenna operation mode through the three switch networks comprises:
when the switch 1 is switched to the contact A', the switch 3 is switched to the contact A, and the antenna array is in a single receiving and transmitting working mode of the left short wave antenna;
When the switch 2 is switched to the contact A ", the switch 3 is switched to the contact C, and the antenna array is in an independent receiving and transmitting working mode of the right short wave antenna;
When the platform needs a high-gain short wave antenna, dual-antenna beam synthesis can be adopted, namely, the switch 1 is switched to the B 'contact, the switch 2 is switched to the B' contact, and the switch 3 is switched to the B contact, and the dual-antenna gain synthesis is utilized to form a directional beam.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410473405.0A CN118198708A (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2024-04-19 | Active shortwave antenna array applied to airborne platform |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410473405.0A CN118198708A (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2024-04-19 | Active shortwave antenna array applied to airborne platform |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN118198708A true CN118198708A (en) | 2024-06-14 |
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| CN202410473405.0A Pending CN118198708A (en) | 2024-04-19 | 2024-04-19 | Active shortwave antenna array applied to airborne platform |
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- 2024-04-19 CN CN202410473405.0A patent/CN118198708A/en active Pending
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