CN118189179A - Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof - Google Patents
Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118189179A CN118189179A CN202410606362.9A CN202410606362A CN118189179A CN 118189179 A CN118189179 A CN 118189179A CN 202410606362 A CN202410606362 A CN 202410606362A CN 118189179 A CN118189179 A CN 118189179A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- pyrolysis
- combustion chamber
- secondary combustion
- grate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator and a treatment process thereof, wherein the incinerator comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a feed inlet is arranged at the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber, and a stirring machine is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber; the feeding door is arranged at the feeding hole; the secondary combustion chamber is positioned at one side of the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the chamber wall of the secondary combustion chamber; the grate is arranged between the pyrolysis chamber and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, the outlet section of the pyrolysis chamber is connected with the inlet of the grate through a downward inclined surface, a combustion chamber is formed between the secondary combustion chamber and the grate, and a slag falling well is arranged at the tail end of the grate; a channel is formed in the upper portion of a side chamber wall of the pyrolysis chamber adjacent to the secondary combustion chamber, a heat-insulating furnace wall is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and an extraction chamber is formed between the wall surface of the pyrolysis chamber and the heat-insulating furnace wall. The small household garbage incinerator disclosed by the invention improves the tolerance to garbage moisture, reduces the ventilation amount of primary air, and greatly reduces the occupation area of small garbage incineration equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator and a disposal process thereof.
Background
The landfill occupies land, causes soil pollution, and does not meet the requirement of 'maximally reducing the landfill amount' in 'waste-free city' construction. Direct incineration is still a more common disposal means. Unlike large-scale incineration power generation projects, the miniaturized garbage incineration process is limited by the garbage disposal scale, the economical efficiency is difficult to ensure, and the disposal process is also greatly different from the large-scale garbage incineration projects. First, since the small garbage incinerator cannot perform fermentation pretreatment on garbage, it is necessary to provide a feature suitable for wet garbage, and the conventional small garbage incinerator has a requirement for the moisture content of garbage, so that it is necessary to develop a small disposal device suitable for high-moisture garbage. Secondly, in order to ensure the full combustion of organic volatile matters and fixed carbon in the garbage, excessive air is required to be introduced, so that the concentration of primary smoke pollutants is high, the smoke volume is increased, and the smoke purification treatment cost is further increased; in addition, the prior small garbage incinerator structure is designed along with a large-scale fire grate, and the fire grate is formed by splicing a large number of fire grate pieces, so that the occupied area of equipment is large. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of miniaturized garbage disposal apparatus capable of accommodating the above drawbacks.
Pyrolysis gasification is to heat the household garbage under the anaerobic or anaerobic condition, so that organic matters in the garbage are decomposed into combustible gas, tar, fixed carbon and the like with higher added value. The invention provides a method for pyrolyzing organic matters in garbage and gasifying fixed carbon, which converts most of organic volatile matters and the fixed carbon into combustible gas, and then burns out the rest of the fixed carbon on a fire grate. The generated combustible gas is burnt in a gas phase in a secondary combustion area in the furnace. In this way, the tolerance to the moisture of the garbage can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the primary air inlet amount is reduced, magnetized air (oxygen-enriched) is used for replacing primary air, and the Brown gas is used for catalytic combustion, so that the combustion is more sufficient, the concentration of pollutants is controlled, and the flue gas purification treatment cost is greatly reduced. In addition, compared with the existing miniaturized garbage incineration equipment, the equipment realized by the process only has part of fixed carbon to be burnt on the fire grate, so that the number of fire grate pieces can be greatly reduced, and the volume and the occupied area of the equipment are reduced.
The prior small household garbage heat treatment furnace has the following technical problems:
(1) The existing disposal means are difficult to adapt to high-water-content garbage, and particularly direct incineration is performed.
The moisture content in the garbage is higher, and the heat value is lower. And storing the household garbage in the large-scale incineration project in a garbage bin for 6-10 days, removing water through medium-temperature fermentation, and improving the heat value of the garbage. However, the miniaturization equipment is limited by the occupied area requirement and the cost control, and the fermentation pretreatment mode is difficult to realize, so that the water content of the garbage entering the furnace is higher. The high water content and low heat value garbage can cause difficult temperature control in the combustion process, and fuel is possibly required to carry out afterburning, so that higher running cost is caused;
(2) The concentration of pollutants in the flue gas is high, and the original concentration is difficult to control
In the existing miniaturized garbage incineration, garbage is burnt on a fire grate. In order to ensure the sufficiency of combustion, excessive air is required to be introduced, and the air excess coefficient is generally greater than 1.5. Excessive air factor causes an increase in the original pollutant concentration, and at the same time increases the amount of smoke, resulting in an increase in the cost of smoke purification and an increase in the volume of the apparatus.
(3) The existing miniaturized garbage disposal equipment has long furnace row and large occupied area
The existing miniaturized garbage incinerator still adopts the design concept of the original large garbage incinerator, a large number of fire grate sheets are stacked at the bottom, garbage is incinerated on the fire grate, the fire grate is long, and the occupied area is large. Part of the existing pyrolysis gasification incineration small garbage disposal equipment has the problems that pyrolysis and gasification sections mainly occur on fire grates, the quantity of fire grates is required to be large, the air quantity uniformity is difficult to control, the occupied area is large, and the equipment investment is large.
The patent with publication number CN114923185A provides a two-stage organic garbage pyrolysis device, which comprises an air magnetizing device, a reciprocating grate, a burnout chamber and the like, wherein magnetized air is introduced on the reciprocating grate to carry out primary pyrolysis, the burnout chamber carries out secondary pyrolysis, and the higher activity of the magnetized air is utilized to reduce pyrolysis temperature and the smoke of the burnout chamber at the tail part to provide heat so as to reduce energy consumption. Garbage is pyrolyzed on the reciprocating grate, the pyrolysis temperature is reduced through magnetized wind, and pyrolysis is performed on the grate, so that a larger grate area is still needed, and the equipment is larger in volume: in addition, combustion on the fire grate belongs to solid-phase combustion, and a larger air excess coefficient is still needed, so that the concentration of pollutants is larger and the control is not easy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator and a disposal process thereof, wherein the incinerator integrates pyrolysis gasification and direct combustion in small-sized garbage disposal equipment, and the advantages of pyrolysis gasification are utilized: the water is evaporated into water vapor which is used as a gasifying agent for gasifying reduction reaction, so that the tolerance of the water content of the garbage is improved. Pyrolysis and gasification are carried out in a pyrolysis chamber, fixed carbon combustion is carried out on a fire grate, and generated gas-phase combustible materials are combusted in a secondary combustion chamber. The method reduces the inlet amount of primary air by utilizing pyrolysis gasification and fixed carbon combustion separation, and utilizes the characteristic that magnetized air replaces primary air and brown gas for catalytic combustion so as to control the concentration of pollutants in the furnace. Meanwhile, the fixed carbon after pyrolysis and gasification needs less fire grate area for burning on the fire grate, thereby greatly reducing the occupation area of the miniaturized garbage incineration equipment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical means:
a pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator, comprising:
the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed inlet at the upper end and a kick-out machine at the bottom;
the feeding door is arranged at the feeding hole and used for sealing the feeding hole;
The secondary combustion chamber is positioned at one side of the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the chamber wall of the secondary combustion chamber;
The grate is arranged between the pyrolysis chamber and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, the outlet section of the pyrolysis chamber is connected with the inlet of the grate through a downward inclined slope, a combustion chamber is formed between the secondary combustion chamber and the grate, and a slag falling well is arranged at the tail end of the grate;
The upper part of the wall of one side of the pyrolysis chamber adjacent to the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a combustible gas outlet channel, the secondary combustion chamber is internally provided with a heat-insulating furnace wall, and an extraction chamber is formed between the wall surface of the pyrolysis chamber and the heat-insulating furnace wall;
A brown gas nozzle and a magnetized wind nozzle are arranged on the wall of one side of the secondary combustion chamber opposite to the extraction chamber;
And the combustible pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber flows from the combustible gas outlet channel to the extraction chamber and then enters the secondary combustion chamber, and is subjected to catalytic combustion with brown gas arranged at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, so that 850 ℃/2s of flue gas is ensured.
And a lifting machine is arranged outside the wall of one side chamber of the pyrolysis chamber, and the garbage can is lifted by the lifting machine until the garbage can topples over at the position of the feeding hole.
At least two gate valves are arranged between the feeding gate and the pyrolysis chamber.
An annular guide plate is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber and positioned at the position of the flammable gas outlet channel, and the length of the guide plate is 1/3 of the radius of the pyrolysis chamber.
The fire grate is a reciprocating fire grate and comprises a fixed fire grate and a sliding fire grate, and a drop of 4 cm-10 cm is arranged between the fixed fire grate piece and the next stage of sliding fire grate piece, so that combustible materials play a role in stirring and stirring;
the outside of the bottom of the incinerator is provided with a magnetizing air supply pipeline which is used for supplying oxygen-enriched magnetizing air serving as primary air to the bottom of the grate.
An access door is arranged at the top of the extraction chamber.
The material stirring machine is a double-roller material stirring machine, and the two rollers rotate in opposite directions.
The furnace back wall is provided with a corner between the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber to form a throat, and the brown gas and magnetized wind burner nozzle is arranged above the throat.
And a brown gas vent is arranged in the combustion chamber.
The invention further discloses a disposal process realized based on the pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator,
The collected garbage is not required to be pretreated, and is lifted to a feed inlet through a garbage can lifting machine to finish dumping;
Two gate valves are arranged between the feeding door and the pyrolysis chamber, a first gate valve is opened after the feeding door is closed, a second gate valve is kept closed, the second gate valve is opened after the first gate valve is closed, and the second gate valve is closed after blanking is completed, so that the blanking speed is controlled, internal and external gases are isolated, cold air is prevented from entering the pyrolysis chamber, the gas in the pyrolysis chamber is prevented from leaking, and the anoxic or anaerobic state in the pyrolysis chamber is maintained;
Controlling the pressure distribution of the combustion chamber, so that the fixed carbon is combusted on the fire grate to generate hot flue gas, a part of the hot flue gas enters the pyrolysis chamber along the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber to move upwards, and the added garbage moves downwards to form a countercurrent reaction process; the added garbage is subjected to drying, pyrolysis and gasification reactions in turn in the downward movement process; during the drying process, the evaporated moisture moves downwards together with the dry waste; the pyrolysis process volatilizes organic volatile matters in the dry garbage, and the macromolecular organic volatile matters are cracked into CO, CH 4 and H 2 micromolecular combustible gas; the fixed carbon after the organic volatile matters overflow is gasified with CO 2 generated by combustion on a fire grate and water vapor generated by evaporation of the water-containing garbage to generate CO and H 2 combustible gas; the combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber enters the secondary combustion chamber through the extraction chamber, and is catalytically combusted with Brown gas arranged at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, so that 850 ℃/2s of flue gas is ensured;
The lower part of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a double-roller stirring machine, the two rollers rotate in opposite directions, the two rollers are driven by the roller fins to discharge materials from the furnace wall sides at two sides to the fire grate, and meanwhile, effective stirring of pyrolysis gasification products in the pyrolysis chamber is realized, and the stay time of garbage in the pyrolysis chamber is controlled by controlling the double-roller stirring machine, so that the garbage is fully pyrolyzed;
Magnetized wind is introduced as primary wind at the bottom of the fire grate, so as to play a role in oxygen-enriched combustion; the brown gas is introduced into the upper part of the material layer and fully combusted with the fixed carbon;
The brown gas generated by the brown gas generating device respectively enters a combustion chamber according to a certain air quantity proportion to catalyze and burn fixed carbon, and enters a secondary combustion chamber to catalyze and burn combustible gas in a gas phase manner;
slag generated by combustion falls into a slag falling well along with the movement of the fire grate;
The flue gas generated by combustion on the fire grate is divided into two parts, one part of the flue gas enters the pyrolysis chamber to participate in the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the garbage, and the other part of the flue gas directly enters the secondary combustion chamber to be mixed with combustible gas from the extraction chamber and then is catalytically combusted by Brown gas and magnetized wind, and the adiabatic secondary combustion chamber ensures 850 ℃/2s and inhibits the generation of dioxin.
The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The miniaturized garbage incineration equipment has high tolerance to moisture
After the high-water-content garbage is added into the garbage treatment equipment provided by the invention, the water-containing garbage is dried in the pyrolysis chamber, and the evaporated moisture and the fixed carbon are subjected to gasification reaction in the reduction layer, so that the tolerance to the moisture of the garbage is improved. Therefore, the garbage does not need fermentation pretreatment, and can adapt to garbage with higher water content.
The original concentration of the outlet pollutant is low, and the control is easy
By separating pyrolysis gasification and direct combustion, the garbage added into the furnace is firstly pyrolyzed and gasified to generate combustible gas, and the rest of fixed carbon is subjected to layer combustion on the fire grate. The amount of solid phase combustion is smaller but the heating value is higher. The combustible gas generated after the pyrolysis and gasification of the garbage is subjected to gas-phase combustion in the secondary combustion chamber. Compared with the traditional fire grate direct combustion mode, the method can greatly reduce the amount of air introduced, thereby reducing the concentration of original pollutants.
Magnetized wind oxygen-enriched combustion and brown gas catalytic combustion to improve combustion efficiency
The invention uses the magnetized wind to replace the original air, thereby improving the oxygen content of the primary wind and forming oxygen-enriched combustion. And meanwhile, brown gas is introduced to perform catalytic combustion, so that the combustion rate of fixed carbon is promoted, and the combustion efficiency and the burnout rate are improved.
Pyrolysis gasification and direct combustion integrated arrangement, compact structure, small furnace body volume and floor space saving
The invention realizes pyrolysis gasification and direct combustion in one furnace body, and the pyrolysis chamber, the combustion chamber, the extraction chamber and the two combustion chambers are tightly connected, thereby having compact structure. Part of hot flue gas generated by burning fixed carbon on the grate furnace provides heat for the pyrolysis chamber, and the energy utilization rate is high. And only part of the fixed carbon is subjected to solid-phase layer combustion on the fire grate, so that the fire grate can fully burn with less area, thereby reducing the volume of equipment, saving the occupied area of the equipment and reducing the investment cost. Meanwhile, the mobility of the equipment is improved, and the flexibility of the equipment is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis incineration of small garbage according to the present invention;
Wherein, 1-garbage bin; 2-a lifting machine; 3-a feed gate; 4-a first gate valve; 5-a second gate valve; a 6-pyrolysis chamber; 7-a deflector; 8-a combustible gas outlet channel; 9-an extraction chamber; 10-a double-roller stirring machine; 11-access door; 12-insulating furnace wall; 13-brown gas vent; 14-magnetizing separation device; 15-magnetizing wind inlet; 16-fire grate; 17-a slag falling well; 18-brown gas and magnetized wind burner; 19-a combustion chamber; 20-secondary combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the pyrolysis incinerator hearth structure is provided with a pyrolysis chamber, an extraction chamber, a combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, and is an adiabatic hearth. The collected garbage does not need to be pretreated, and is lifted to the feed inlet through the garbage can lifting machine to finish dumping the garbage. The feeding port is arranged above the pyrolysis chamber, two gate valves are arranged between the feeding port and the pyrolysis chamber, the first gate valve 4 is opened, the second gate valve 5 is kept closed after the feeding port is closed, the second gate valve 5 is opened after the first gate valve 4 is closed, and the second gate valve 5 is closed after blanking is finished, so that the blanking speed is controlled, the internal and external gases are isolated, cold air is prevented from entering the pyrolysis chamber, the gas in the pyrolysis chamber is prevented from leaking, and the anoxic or anaerobic state in the pyrolysis chamber is maintained;
the upper section of the pyrolysis chamber 6 is provided with an annular guide plate 7, and the guide plate has the functions of:
(1) Prevent pyrolysis airflow from wrapping up with a large amount of solids and entering the extraction chamber.
(2) The length of the deflector directly influences the gasification degree.
The wall surface of the pyrolysis chamber 6 and the heat-insulating furnace wall 12 form an extraction chamber 9, and pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber 6 flows from the combustible gas outlet channel 8 to the extraction chamber 9 and then enters the secondary combustion chamber 20.
The pressure distribution of the combustion chamber is controlled so that the fixed carbon burns on the grate 16 to produce hot flue gas, a portion of which enters the pyrolysis chamber 6 along the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 6 to move upward, and the added waste moves downward to form a countercurrent reaction process. The added garbage is subjected to drying, pyrolysis and gasification reactions in sequence in the downward movement process. During the drying process, the evaporated moisture moves downward together with the dry waste. The pyrolysis process volatilizes organic volatile matters in the dry garbage, and the macromolecular organic volatile matters are cracked into small molecular combustible gases such as CO, CH 4, H 2 and the like. The fixed carbon after the organic volatile matters overflow and CO 2 generated by combustion on the fire grate and water vapor generated by evaporation of the water-containing garbage are gasified to generate combustible gases such as CO, H 2 and the like.
The combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber enters the secondary combustion chamber 20 through the extraction chamber 9 after passing through the guide plate 7, and is catalytically combusted with the Brown gas arranged at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, so that 850 ℃/2s of flue gas is ensured.
An access door 11 is arranged above the extraction chamber 9, so that the extraction chamber can be cleaned regularly, and the blockage of the extraction chamber is prevented.
The lower part of the pyrolysis chamber 6 is provided with a double-roller stirring machine 10, the two rollers rotate in opposite directions, the two rollers are driven by the roller fins to discharge materials from the furnace wall sides to the fire grate 16, and the effective stirring of pyrolysis gasification products in the pyrolysis chamber is realized while the materials are discharged. The residence time of the garbage in the pyrolysis chamber can be controlled by controlling the double-roller stirring machine 10, so that the pyrolysis and gasification of the garbage are more sufficient.
The outlet section of the pyrolysis chamber 6 is linked to the inlet of the grate 16 by a ramp channel.
The fixed carbon slides down by gravity from the end of the pyrolysis chamber 6 onto the hydraulically driven grate 16 for solid phase stratified combustion.
Preferably, the grate 16 is a reciprocating grate, and is composed of a fixed grate and a sliding grate, and a larger drop is formed between the fixed grate and the sliding grate of the next stage, so that the combustible material plays a role in stirring and stirring.
Magnetized wind is introduced as primary wind at the bottom of the grate 16, brown gas is introduced at the upper part of the material layer, and the brown gas is fully combusted with fixed carbon. The air forms oxygen-enriched magnetized wind after passing through the magnetized separation device, and plays a role in oxygen-enriched combustion; brown gas generated by the Brown gas generating device respectively enters a combustion chamber 19 according to a certain air quantity proportion to catalyze and burn fixed carbon; and the fuel gas enters a secondary combustion chamber to carry out gas-phase catalytic combustion on the combustible gas. Slag generated by combustion falls into the slag well 17 along with the movement of the fire grate.
The flue gas generated by combustion on the fire grate is divided into two parts, and one part of the flue gas enters the pyrolysis chamber 6 to participate in the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the garbage. The other part of the gas directly enters the secondary combustion chamber 20 and is mixed with the combustible gas from the extraction chamber, and the heat-insulating secondary combustion chamber ensures 850 ℃/2s under the catalytic combustion of brown gas and magnetized wind, so that the generation of dioxin is inhibited. The furnace back wall is provided with a corner between the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber to form a throat, the radiation heat exchange of the main combustion area is enhanced, the dust content in the smoke is reduced, and the brown gas and magnetized wind burner 18 is arranged above the throat to replace the traditional auxiliary combustion equipment.
Claims (10)
1. A pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator, comprising:
the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed inlet at the upper end and a kick-out machine at the bottom;
the feeding door is arranged at the feeding hole and used for sealing the feeding hole;
The secondary combustion chamber is positioned at one side of the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber, and a flue gas outlet is formed in the upper part of the chamber wall of the secondary combustion chamber;
The grate is arranged between the pyrolysis chamber and the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber, the outlet section of the pyrolysis chamber is connected with the inlet of the grate through a downward inclined slope, a combustion chamber is formed between the secondary combustion chamber and the grate, and a slag falling well is arranged at the tail end of the grate;
a flammable gas outlet channel (8) is formed in the upper part of the wall of one side of the pyrolysis chamber adjacent to the secondary combustion chamber, a heat-insulating furnace wall (12) is arranged in the secondary combustion chamber, and an extraction chamber is formed between the wall surface of the pyrolysis chamber and the heat-insulating furnace wall;
A brown gas nozzle and a magnetized wind nozzle are arranged on the wall of one side of the secondary combustion chamber opposite to the extraction chamber;
And the combustible pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber flows from the combustible gas outlet channel (8) to the extraction chamber and then enters the secondary combustion chamber to be catalytically combusted with the Brown gas arranged at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, so that 850 ℃/2s of flue gas is ensured.
2. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a lifting machine is arranged outside a side chamber wall of the pyrolysis chamber, and a garbage can is lifted to the position of the feed inlet through the lifting machine to be dumped.
3. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein at least two gate valves are arranged between the feeding gate and the pyrolysis chamber.
4. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a guide plate (7) is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber close to the combustible gas outlet channel (8) on the extraction chamber (9), and the length of the guide plate is 1/3 of the radius of the pyrolysis chamber.
5. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the grate is a reciprocating grate and comprises a fixed grate and a sliding grate, and a drop of 4 cm-10 cm is formed between the fixed grate and the sliding grate at the next stage, so that combustible materials play a role in stirring and stirring;
the outside of the bottom of the incinerator is provided with a magnetizing air supply pipeline which is used for supplying oxygen-enriched magnetizing air serving as primary air to the bottom of the grate (16).
6. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein an access door is arranged at the top of the extraction chamber.
7. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the material stirring machine is a double-roller material stirring machine, and the two rollers rotate in opposite directions.
8. The pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a furnace back wall is provided with a corner between the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber to form a throat, and the brown gas and magnetized wind burner is arranged above the throat.
9. A pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator according to claim 1 wherein brown gas vents (13) are provided in the combustion chamber.
10. A disposal process based on the pyrolysis gasification small-sized household garbage incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized in that,
The collected garbage is not required to be pretreated, and is lifted to a feed inlet through a garbage can lifting machine to finish dumping;
Two gate valves are arranged between the feeding gate and the pyrolysis chamber, a first gate valve (4) is opened after the feeding gate is closed, a second gate valve (5) is kept closed, the second gate valve (5) is opened after the first gate valve (4) is closed, and the second gate valve (5) is closed after blanking is completed, so that the blanking speed is controlled, internal and external gases are isolated, cold air is prevented from entering the pyrolysis chamber, the gas in the pyrolysis chamber is prevented from leaking, and the anoxic or anaerobic state in the pyrolysis chamber is maintained;
Controlling the pressure distribution of the combustion chamber to enable the fixed carbon to burn on the fire grate (16) to generate hot flue gas, wherein a part of the hot flue gas enters the pyrolysis chamber (6) along the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber (6) to move upwards, and the added garbage moves downwards to form a countercurrent reaction process; the added garbage is subjected to drying, pyrolysis and gasification reactions in turn in the downward movement process; during the drying process, the evaporated moisture moves downwards together with the dry waste; the pyrolysis process volatilizes organic volatile matters in the dry garbage, and the macromolecular organic volatile matters are cracked into CO, CH 4 and H 2 micromolecular combustible gas; the fixed carbon after the organic volatile matters overflow is gasified with CO 2 generated by combustion on a fire grate and water vapor generated by evaporation of the water-containing garbage to generate CO and H 2 combustible gas; combustible gas generated in the pyrolysis chamber enters a secondary combustion chamber (20) through an extraction chamber (9), and is catalytically combusted with brown gas arranged at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber, so that 850 ℃/2s of flue gas is ensured;
The lower part of the pyrolysis chamber (6) is provided with a double-roller stirring machine (10), the two rollers rotate in opposite directions, the two rollers are driven by the roller fins to discharge materials from the furnace wall sides to the fire grate (16), and meanwhile, effective stirring of pyrolysis gasification products in the pyrolysis chamber is realized, and the stay time of garbage in the pyrolysis chamber can be controlled by controlling the double-roller stirring machine (10), so that the garbage is fully pyrolyzed and gasified;
the magnetized wind is used as primary wind to be introduced into the bottom of the fire grate (16), so as to play a role in oxygen-enriched combustion; the brown gas is introduced into the upper part of the material layer and fully combusted with the fixed carbon;
Brown gas generated by the brown gas generating device is prepared according to the following ratio of 5:5, respectively entering a combustion chamber (19) to catalyze and burn fixed carbon and entering a secondary combustion chamber to catalyze and burn flammable gas in a gas phase mode;
Slag generated by combustion falls into a slag falling well (17) along with the movement of the fire grate;
The flue gas generated by combustion on the fire grate is divided into two parts, one part of the flue gas enters the pyrolysis chamber (6) to participate in the pyrolysis gasification reaction of the garbage, the other part of the flue gas directly enters the secondary combustion chamber (20) to be mixed with combustible gas from the extraction chamber, and the heat-insulating secondary combustion chamber ensures 850 ℃/2s under the catalytic combustion of Brown gas and magnetized wind, so that the generation of dioxin is inhibited.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410606362.9A CN118189179B (en) | 2024-05-16 | 2024-05-16 | Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410606362.9A CN118189179B (en) | 2024-05-16 | 2024-05-16 | Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN118189179A true CN118189179A (en) | 2024-06-14 |
| CN118189179B CN118189179B (en) | 2024-08-27 |
Family
ID=91400699
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410606362.9A Active CN118189179B (en) | 2024-05-16 | 2024-05-16 | Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN118189179B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113983454A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-28 | 张大林 | Method for improving combustion efficiency of stove |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000039123A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-02-08 | Ekoo Kk | Method and device for incinerating waste using blown gas |
| US6152050A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 2000-11-28 | Pyrogenesis Inc. | Lightweight compact waste treatment furnace |
| KR20050094657A (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-28 | 김상남 | Brown gas high temperature pyrolysis melting incinerator |
| CN107120658A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-01 | 重庆航天机电设计院 | A kind of chamber isolated small-sized rubbish pyrolytic gasification combustion furnace |
| CN209622801U (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-11-12 | 河北智乐环境技术有限公司 | A kind of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation processing system |
| CN110469855A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-19 | 重庆航天工业有限公司 | A kind of refuse pyrolysis combustion furnace |
| CN114923185A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-08-19 | 洛阳亚联环境科技有限公司 | Two segmentation organic garbage pyrolysis device |
-
2024
- 2024-05-16 CN CN202410606362.9A patent/CN118189179B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6152050A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 2000-11-28 | Pyrogenesis Inc. | Lightweight compact waste treatment furnace |
| JP2000039123A (en) * | 1998-07-24 | 2000-02-08 | Ekoo Kk | Method and device for incinerating waste using blown gas |
| KR20050094657A (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-28 | 김상남 | Brown gas high temperature pyrolysis melting incinerator |
| CN107120658A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-09-01 | 重庆航天机电设计院 | A kind of chamber isolated small-sized rubbish pyrolytic gasification combustion furnace |
| CN209622801U (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-11-12 | 河北智乐环境技术有限公司 | A kind of house refuse low temperature pyrogenation processing system |
| CN110469855A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-19 | 重庆航天工业有限公司 | A kind of refuse pyrolysis combustion furnace |
| CN114923185A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-08-19 | 洛阳亚联环境科技有限公司 | Two segmentation organic garbage pyrolysis device |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113983454A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2022-01-28 | 张大林 | Method for improving combustion efficiency of stove |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118189179B (en) | 2024-08-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101650025B (en) | Decoupling combustion furnace and decoupling combustion method | |
| CN105423306B (en) | Double-deck stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification incinerator and its processing method | |
| CN118189179B (en) | Pyrolysis gasification small household garbage incinerator and disposal process thereof | |
| CN105402736B (en) | Double-deck stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification CIU and its processing method | |
| CN102705832B (en) | Solid waste incinerator without emission of flue gas | |
| CN114508757A (en) | Air distribution system for small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator and incinerator thereof | |
| CN201272768Y (en) | Household waste conversion system and equipment without combustion supported by conventional fuel | |
| CN116293703A (en) | Multi-hearth forward and backward pushing combined grading gasification combustion furnace | |
| CN210568447U (en) | Grate garbage pyrolysis gasification combustion integrated system | |
| CN105402735B (en) | Stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification incinerator and its processing method | |
| CN105627322B (en) | Stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification CIU and its processing method | |
| CN2906375Y (en) | A dual-purpose stove for cooking and heating with biomass pellet fuel | |
| CN114857586A (en) | Small household garbage pyrolysis gasification incinerator and pyrolysis gasification method | |
| CN105465792B (en) | Circulating air supply system of mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator | |
| CN212644629U (en) | Middle and small-sized domestic garbage incinerator | |
| CN108916877A (en) | A kind of domestic waste incineration that rolling type is small-sized and the incinerating method that rolls | |
| CN205261568U (en) | Mechanical stoker formula waste gasification system of burning | |
| CN205560766U (en) | Double -deck mechanical stoker formula waste gasification incineration boiler system | |
| CN105402738B (en) | Double-deck stoker fired grate formula refuse gasification incinerator and its double boiler system | |
| CN205261569U (en) | Double -deck mechanical stoker formula waste gasification system of burning | |
| CN205261572U (en) | Mechanical stoker formula waste gasification burns burning furnace's circular air supplying system | |
| CN205261570U (en) | Double -deck mechanical stoker formula waste gasification burns burning furnace | |
| CN205560762U (en) | Mechanical stoker formula waste gasification incineration boiler system | |
| CN218269085U (en) | Waste incineration device with low nitrogen emission | |
| CN205261571U (en) | Mechanical stoker formula waste gasification burns burning furnace |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |