CN118185642A - Porous carbon material and carbonization device thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a porous carbon material and a carbonization device thereof, which solves the problems of inconvenience in loading and unloading of the carbonization device, and includes a buffer mechanism and a feeding mechanism connected to the buffer mechanism, the feeding mechanism is connected to a carbonization furnace, a bearing frame is rotatably installed inside the carbonization furnace, a plurality of independent heating chambers are arranged between the bearing frame and the carbonization furnace, the heating chamber is equipped with a heating component and a sealing component, and a blanking component opposite to the heating chamber is installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace. The present invention has the advantages of convenient loading and unloading, stable operation, etc.

Description

A porous carbon material and a carbonization device thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber processing, and in particular relates to a porous carbon material and a carbonization device thereof.

Background technique

Biomass pyrolysis carbonization means that the pyrolysis product is mainly coke. It mainly uses carbonization equipment to pyrolyze biomass at a certain temperature and heating rate, and further processes it into solids in the shape of honeycomb coal, rods, particles, etc. For subsequent carbon fiber processing by users, the existing carbonization device can adopt moving bed, fixed bed, fluidized bed and other types, usually including feeding system, carbonization system and heating system. However, in the actual processing process, the existing carbonization device is not sealed enough, so that small particles of processed materials fly around, affecting the quality of the carbonized product. In addition, for large quantities of biomass, the existing carbonization device cannot achieve rapid loading and unloading, which affects the efficiency of continuous carbonization processing.

In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, people have conducted long-term explorations and proposed various solutions. For example, a Chinese patent document discloses a carbonization device [201810493805.2], which rotates around a central axis, and an inlet and an outlet are respectively provided at both ends in an axial direction parallel to the central axis. The heating unit heats the object to be processed in the furnace body. The stirring unit is arranged in a stirring area axially away from the outlet in the inner side surface of the furnace body, and the object to be processed is stirred by a plurality of stirring blades as the furnace body rotates. The discharge conveying unit is arranged in a discharge conveying area axially located between the stirring area and the outlet in the inner side surface, and a spiral blade whose inclination angle relative to the axial direction of the portion in contact with the inner side surface is greater than the inclination angle of the above-mentioned stirring blade is used to deliver the object to the outlet as the furnace body rotates.

The above solution solves the problem of material scattering to a certain extent, but the solution still has many shortcomings, such as the inability to load and unload materials quickly.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization device with reasonable design and rapid loading and unloading capabilities in view of the above problems.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a porous carbon material with good carbonization quality in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a carbonization device, including a cache mechanism and a feeding mechanism connected to the cache mechanism, the feeding mechanism is connected to the carbonization furnace, a supporting frame is rotatably installed inside the carbonization furnace, a plurality of independent heating chambers are arranged between the supporting frame and the carbonization furnace, the heating chamber is equipped with a heating assembly and a sealing assembly, and a blanking assembly opposite to the heating chamber is installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the carbonization furnace includes a cylindrical main furnace body, a feed port is opened at the upper end of the main furnace body, a discharge port is opened at the lower end of the main furnace body, a heating component is installed on the main furnace body, and a sealing component is respectively arranged in the feed port and the discharge port.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the supporting frame includes a supporting shaft which is rotatably installed in the main furnace body and whose central axis coincides with the central axis of the main furnace body. A rotating bearing is installed at the junction of the supporting shaft and the main furnace body. A supporting plate parallel to the end of the main furnace body is fixed on the supporting shaft. A partition frame plate extending radially is slidably inserted and fixed between the supporting plates. A partition net is installed on the partition frame plate. A supporting cylinder which circumferentially surrounds the supporting shaft is connected between the supporting plates. The supporting cylinder has mesh holes evenly distributed on it. A rotation drive assembly and a rotation limit assembly are arranged between the main furnace body and the supporting plate.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the rotation drive component includes a driving gear ring arranged around the circumference of the supporting plate, and a driving gear meshing with the driving gear ring is rotatably installed at the end of the main furnace body, and the driving gear is connected to the driving motor through a speed change gear set; the rotation limit component includes limiting ribs fixed on the supporting plate and arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner, and an electric push rod is installed on the main furnace body, and the electric push rod is connected to the limiting baffle and the limiting baffle is opposite to the limiting rib.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the heating component includes an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe connected to the main furnace body, radial heat conduction pipes are arranged in the carrier plate, and a heat conduction port connected to the heat conduction pipe is opened on the side of the carrier plate opposite to the heating chamber; the sealing component includes a sealing plate arranged along the circumference of the carrier plate and rotatably connected to the carrier plate, an elastic reset part is installed between the sealing plate and the carrier plate, a sealing groove is opened on the inner side of the feed port, a sealing sheet for closing the feed port is slidably installed in the sealing groove, and the sealing sheet is meshed with the opening and closing motor through a gear rack for transmission; a discharge frame is slidably installed at the discharge port, a lifting screw for driving the discharge frame to move up and down is installed between the discharge frame and the discharge port, and a plurality of discharge plates are fixed on the inner side of the discharge frame, the upper ends of the discharge plates are pressed against the sealing plates, and gaps are left between the discharge plates.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the buffer mechanism includes a buffer box, the buffer box is equipped with a tipping hopper, a tipping drive assembly is arranged between the tipping hopper and the buffer box, and a screening assembly is built into the buffer box.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the flipping drive assembly includes a flipping lever arm rotatably connected to the cache box and both sides of the flipping hopper, the flipping lever arm is rotatably connected to the limiting lever arm, and the limiting groove is opened on the limiting lever arm. Limiting protrusions slidably connected to the limiting groove are fixed on both sides of the flipping hopper. A hydraulic push rod is installed on the side of the cache box opposite to the flipping hopper, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod is rotatably connected to the flipping hopper; the screening assembly includes a screening net stacked on the upper end of the cache box, the middle part of the screening net is connected by a linkage gear set, the linkage gear set is connected to the swing motor, and the swing directions of adjacent screening nets are opposite, a slag discharge port is opened at the edge of the screening net, and a slag collecting trough opposite to the slag discharge port is installed on the outside of the cache box.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the feeding mechanism includes a funnel-shaped collecting plate arranged inside the cache box, and an inclined feeding frame is installed outside the cache box. The feeding frame is equipped with transmission sprockets and transmission chains that are meshed with each other and transmission-connected to the transmission motor, and a transmission hopper is installed between the transmission chains.

In the above-mentioned carbonization device, the blanking assembly includes a blanking port installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace, an inclined blanking plate is installed at the lower end of the blanking port, an ultrasonic transducer is installed at the lower end of the blanking plate, and a vibration damper is installed between the blanking plate and the blanking port.

A porous carbon material is processed by using the above-mentioned carbonization device.

Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are: the supporting frame rotates to adjust the direction of the heating chamber, and the opening and closing of the sealing component and the blanking component control the loading and unloading of the carbonization furnace, thereby improving the carbonization processing efficiency of large quantities of materials; the heating chamber is arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner relative to the supporting frame, and a channel for guiding the uniform transmission of hot air is provided between adjacent heating chambers, thereby ensuring the uniformity of biomass carbonization; the buffer mechanism cooperates with the feeding mechanism to realize smooth material transmission, and the screening component therein performs secondary screening of the material to ensure that the material entering the carbonization furnace can be evenly stacked.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbonization furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the carbonization furnace of the present invention.

FIG3 is a structural cross-sectional view of the carbonization furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is another structural cross-sectional view of the carbonization furnace of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the buffer mechanism and the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the buffer mechanism and the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

In the figure, a cache mechanism 1, a cache box 11, a tipping hopper 12, a tipping arm 13, a limiting arm 14, a limiting groove 15, a limiting protrusion 16, a hydraulic push rod 17, a feeding mechanism 2, a collecting plate 21, a feeding frame 22, a transmission motor 23, a transmission sprocket 24, a transmission chain 25, a transmission hopper 26, a carbonization furnace 3, a main furnace body 31, a feed port 32, a discharge port 33, a bearing frame 4, a bearing shaft 41, a bearing plate 42, a partition frame plate 43, a bearing cylinder 44, a driving gear ring 45, a driving gear 46, Driving motor 47, limiting ribs 48, electric push rod 49, heating chamber 5, heating component 6, air inlet pipe 61, air outlet pipe 62, heat conduction pipe 63, sealing component 7, sealing plate 71, sealing groove 72, sealing sheet 73, opening and closing motor 74, discharging frame 75, lifting screw 76, discharging plate 77, blanking component 8, blanking port 81, blanking plate 82, ultrasonic transducer 83, vibration damping 84, screening component 9, screening net 91, linkage gear set 92, swing motor 93, slag discharge port 94, slag collecting trough 95.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 1-7, a carbonization device includes a buffer mechanism 1 and a feeding mechanism 2 connected to the buffer mechanism 1, wherein the feeding mechanism 2 is connected to the carbonization furnace 3, and the feeding mechanism 2 uniformly conducts the material in the buffer mechanism 1 to the carbonization furnace 3. A carrier body 4 is rotatably installed inside the carbonization furnace 3, and a plurality of independent heating chambers 5 are arranged between the carrier body 4 and the carbonization furnace 3. The heating chambers 5 are arranged symmetrically in the center, and after one heating chamber 5 is loaded or unloaded, the carrier body 4 rotates to switch to another heating chamber 5, thereby realizing continuous loading and unloading of the carbonization furnace 3. The heating chamber 5 is equipped with a heating component 6 and a sealing component 7, wherein the heating component 6 uses an external heating method to pass a high-temperature inert gas toward the heating chamber 5, and the sealing component 7 maintains the sealing of the carbonization furnace 3 during the carbonization process, and a blanking component 8 is installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace 3 opposite to the heating chamber 5, and finally the blanking component 8 uniformly guides the carbon material out.

Specifically, unlike a conventional single-channel furnace body, the carbonization furnace 3 in the present application includes a cylindrical main furnace body 31, the central axis of which extends in the horizontal direction. A feed port 32 is provided at the upper end of the main furnace body 31, and the material is fed into the feed port 32 by the feeding mechanism 2. A discharge port 33 is provided at the lower end of the main furnace body 31, the heating assembly 6 is mounted on the main furnace body 31, and the sealing assembly 7 is respectively arranged in the feed port 32 and the discharge port 33. When the sealing assembly 7 in the discharge port 33 is opened, the discharge port 33 is opened to discharge the material.

In depth, the main furnace body 31 and the support frame body 4 are usually built with a heat insulation layer. The support frame body 4 is made of high temperature resistant material, specifically including a support shaft 41 that is rotatably installed in the main furnace body 31 and whose central axis coincides with the central axis of the main furnace body 31. A rotating bearing is installed at the intersection of the support shaft 41 and the main furnace body 31 to ensure its rotational lubricity. A support plate 42 parallel to the end of the main furnace body 31 is fixed on the support shaft 41, and a radially extending partition frame plate 43 is slidably inserted and fixed between the support plates 42. A partition net is installed on the partition frame plate 43. A support cylinder 44 circumferentially surrounding the support shaft 41 is connected between the support plates 42, and mesh holes are evenly distributed on the support cylinder 44. A rotation drive component and a rotation limit component are arranged between the main furnace body 31 and the support plate 42. Each heating chamber 5 realizes normal heat exchange through the partition net and the mesh holes, wherein the support cylinder 44 reduces the dead angle of the heating chamber 5 and ensures the uniformity of heat transfer when the heating component 6 is ventilated.

Furthermore, the rotating drive assembly drives the supporting frame 4 to rotate circumferentially, specifically including a driving gear ring 45 arranged circumferentially along the supporting plate 42, and a driving gear 46 meshing with the driving gear ring 45 is rotatably installed at the end of the main furnace body 31, and the driving gear 46 is connected to the driving motor 47 through a speed change gear set, and an angle sensor is also arranged between the supporting plate 42 and the main furnace body 31, so as to monitor the flipping angle of the supporting frame 4 in real time; the rotating limit assembly includes a limit rib 48 fixed on the supporting plate 42 and arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner, and an electric push rod 49 is installed on the main furnace body 31, and the electric push rod 49 is connected to the limit baffle and the limit baffle is opposite to the limit rib 48. When the heating chamber 5 rotates and is opposite to the feed port 32 or the discharge port 33, the electric push rod 49 pushes the limit baffle so that it is pressed against the limit rib 48 to achieve angle fixing.

Furthermore, the heating assembly 6 is introduced with high-temperature inert gas, and includes an air inlet pipe 61 and an air outlet pipe 62 connected to the main furnace body 31, and the air inlet pipe 61 is connected to the chamber inside the carrier tube 44. A radial heat pipe 63 is arranged in the carrier plate 42, and a heat conduction port connected to the heat pipe 63 is opened on the side of the carrier plate 42 opposite to the heating chamber 5, and the carrier tube 44 ensures that heat is evenly transferred to all directions of the heating chamber 5.

The sealing assembly 7 includes a sealing plate 71 arranged along the circumference of the carrier plate 42 and rotatably connected to the carrier plate 42. An elastic reset member is installed between the sealing plate 71 and the carrier plate 42. Under normal conditions, the sealing plate 71 is in a closed state and presses against the inside of the carbonization furnace 3. When it rotates to the feed port 32 or the discharge port 33, it resets, so that the heating chamber 5 is in an open state. A sealing groove 72 is opened on the inside of the feed port 32. A sealing sheet 73 that closes the feed port 32 is slidably installed in the sealing groove 72. The sealing sheet 73 is meshed with the opening and closing motor 74 through a gear rack. When the opening and closing motor 74 is started, the feed port 32 is opened and closed; a discharge frame 75 is slidably installed at the discharge port 33. A lifting screw 76 that drives the discharge frame 75 to rise and fall is installed between the discharge frame 75 and the discharge port 33. A plurality of discharge plates 77 are fixed on the inside of the discharge frame 75. The upper ends of the discharge plates 77 are pressed against the sealing plate 71, and gaps are left between the discharge plates 77. When the discharging frame 75 is driven down by the lifting screw 76, the discharging plate 77 of the grid structure is separated from the sealing plate 71, and the sealing plate 71 is also reset, so that the discharging port 33 is in an open state.

In addition, the cache mechanism 1 is arranged adjacent to the carbonization furnace 3, and specifically includes a cache box 11, the cache box 11 is equipped with a flip hopper 12 to transfer materials, a flip drive assembly is arranged between the flip hopper 12 and the cache box 11, and the cache box 11 has a built-in screening assembly 9. The material is placed in the flip hopper 12, lifted and flipped by the flip drive assembly, so that the material falls into the cache box 11.

At the same time, the flipping drive assembly includes a flipping arm 13 rotatably connected to the cache box 11 and the flipping hopper 12 on both sides, the flipping arm 13 is rotatably connected to the limiting arm 14, the limiting arm 14 is provided with a limiting groove 15, and limiting protrusions 16 slidably connected to the limiting groove 15 are fixed on both sides of the flipping hopper 12. A hydraulic push rod 17 is installed on the side of the cache box 11 opposite to the flipping hopper 12, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod 17 is rotatably connected to the flipping hopper 12; as the hydraulic push rod 17 is driven, the flipping hopper 12 rotates relative to the flipping arm 13, and the internal material is poured into the cache box 11 as the flipping hopper 12 tilts, thereby realizing quantitative transmission of materials and preventing blockage caused by excessive material input into the heating chamber 5.

The screening component 9 vibrates the compacted material to ensure that the diameter tends to be consistent, including a screening net 91 stacked on the upper end of the buffer box 11, the middle of the screening net 91 is connected by a linkage gear set 92, the linkage gear set 92 is connected to the swing motor 93, and the swing directions of adjacent screening nets 91 are opposite, a slag discharge port 94 is opened at the edge of the screening net 91, and a slag collection tank 95 opposite to the slag discharge port 94 is installed on the outside of the buffer box 11. When there is volume material, the linkage gear set 92 drives the screening net 91 to swing excessively, and then pours it into the slag collection tank 95 for centralized processing.

It can be seen that, similar to the existing sprocket transmission structure, the feeding mechanism 2 in the present application includes a funnel-shaped collecting plate 21 arranged inside the buffer box 11, and an inclined feeding frame 22 is installed outside the buffer box 11. The feeding frame 22 is equipped with a transmission sprocket 24 and a transmission chain 25 that are meshed with each other and transmission-connected to the transmission motor 23, and a transmission hopper 26 is installed between the transmission chains 25. The material is lifted by the transmission hopper 26, so that it is uniformly transmitted to the inside of the carbonization furnace 3. If emergency braking occurs, the sprocket structure can rotate to return the material to the buffer box 11 for temporary storage.

Obviously, the blanking assembly 8 guides the carbon material to be uniformly discharged, and specifically includes a blanking port 81 installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace 3, a blanking plate 82 arranged obliquely is installed at the lower end of the blanking port 81, an ultrasonic transducer 83 is installed at the lower end of the blanking plate 82, and a vibration damper 84 is installed between the blanking plate 82 and the blanking port 81. The blanking plate 82 vibrates to reduce the adsorption of carbon powder and particulate matter, reduce the carbon material residue at the blanking port 81, and prevent long-term accumulation and oxidation from affecting the quality of the carbon material.

A porous carbon material is processed by the above-mentioned carbonization device. The biomass is input into the feeding mechanism 2 by the buffer mechanism 1 and then transferred to the carbonization furnace 3. Multiple heating chambers 5 inside the carbonization furnace 3 ensure uniform distribution of the material. The heating chamber 5 is introduced with high-temperature inert gas by the heating component 6. After the carbonization is completed, the sealing component 7 is opened and the carbon material is discharged batch by batch by the blanking component 8.

Embodiment 1

In this embodiment, the support frame 4 rotates relative to the carbonization furnace 3, each heating chamber 5 is completely filled with biomass, and the sealing component 7 remains closed. The heating component 6 is started to pass high-temperature inert gas, so that the organic matter is volatilized and discharged, and the pyrolysis reaction inside the material begins and a small amount of combustion occurs. As the pyrolysis reaction proceeds and the volatile matter is precipitated, the remaining solid matter is the porous carbon material, and the porous carbon material in this state is mostly a block structure.

Embodiment 2

The structure, principle and specific implementation steps of this embodiment are similar to those of the first embodiment, except that the heating chamber 5 is not completely filled with biomass, and a portion of the cavity is still retained. As the support frame 4 rotates, the heating chamber 5 flips, and the material therein flips accordingly. This movement mode ensures that the material is fully in contact with the inert gas, thereby increasing the heat transfer rate and the pyrolysis reaction rate. The final finished carbon material has a small block structure.

Although this article uses more cache mechanism 1, cache box 11, flip hopper 12, flip lever 13, limit lever 14, limit groove 15, limit protrusion 16, hydraulic push rod 17, feeding mechanism 2, collecting plate 21, feeding frame 22, transmission motor 23, transmission sprocket 24, transmission chain 25, transmission hopper 26, carbonization furnace 3, main furnace body 31, feed port 32, discharge port 33, bearing frame 4, bearing shaft 41, bearing plate 42, partition frame plate 43, bearing cylinder 44, drive gear ring 45, drive gear 46, drive motor 47, etc. , limiting ribs 48, electric push rods 49, heating chamber 5, heating assembly 6, air inlet pipe 61, air outlet pipe 62, heat conducting pipe 63, sealing assembly 7, sealing plate 71, sealing groove 72, sealing sheet 73, opening and closing motor 74, discharging frame 75, lifting screw 76, discharging plate 77, blanking assembly 8, blanking port 81, blanking plate 82, ultrasonic transducer 83, vibration damping 84, screening assembly 9, screening net 91, linkage gear set 92, swing motor 93, slag outlet 94, slag collecting tank 95 and other terms, but the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is only for the purpose of more conveniently describing and explaining the essence of the present invention; interpreting them as any additional restrictions is contrary to the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A carbonization device, comprising a buffer mechanism (1) and a feeding mechanism (2) connected to the buffer mechanism (1), wherein the feeding mechanism (2) is connected to a carbonization furnace (3), characterized in that a support frame (4) is rotatably mounted inside the carbonization furnace (3), a plurality of independent heating chambers (5) are arranged between the support frame (4) and the carbonization furnace (3), the heating chamber (5) is equipped with a heating component (6) and a sealing component (7), and a blanking component (8) opposite to the heating chamber (5) is installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace (3). 2. A carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonization furnace (3) comprises a cylindrical main furnace body (31), a feed port (32) is formed at the upper end of the main furnace body (31), a discharge port (33) is formed at the lower end of the main furnace body (31), the heating component (6) is mounted on the main furnace body (31), and the sealing component (7) is respectively arranged in the feed port (32) and the discharge port (33). 3. A carbonization device according to claim 2, characterized in that the support frame (4) includes a support shaft (41) rotatably mounted in the main furnace body (31) and the central axis coincides with the central axis of the main furnace body (31), a rotating bearing is installed at the intersection of the support shaft (41) and the main furnace body (31), a support plate (42) parallel to the end of the main furnace body (31) is fixed on the support shaft (41), a partition frame plate (43) extending radially is slidably inserted and fixed between the support plates (42), a partition net is installed on the partition frame plate (43), a support tube (44) circumferentially surrounding the support shaft (41) is connected between the support plates (42), mesh holes are evenly distributed on the support tube (44), and a rotation drive component and a rotation limit component are arranged between the main furnace body (31) and the support plate (42). 4. A carbonization device according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotation drive assembly includes a driving gear ring (45) arranged circumferentially along the supporting plate (42), and a driving gear (46) meshing with the driving gear ring (45) is rotatably installed at the end of the main furnace body (31), and the driving gear (46) is connected to the driving motor (47) through a speed change gear set; the rotation limit assembly includes a limit rib (48) fixed on the supporting plate (42) and arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner, and an electric push rod (49) is installed on the main furnace body (31), and the electric push rod (49) is connected to a limit baffle plate, and the limit baffle plate is opposite to the limit rib (48). 5. A carbonization device according to claim 3, characterized in that the heating assembly (6) comprises an air inlet pipe (61) and an air outlet pipe (62) connected to the main furnace body (31), the support plate (42) is provided with radially arranged heat-conducting pipes (63), and a heat-conducting port connected to the heat-conducting pipe (63) is provided on the side of the support plate (42) opposite to the heating chamber (5); the sealing assembly (7) comprises a sealing plate (71) arranged along the circumference of the support plate (42) and rotatably connected to the support plate (42), an elastic reset member is installed between the sealing plate (71) and the support plate (42), and the feed port (32) is provided with a heat-conducting port (63) in the feed port (32). A sealing groove (72) is opened on the side, and a sealing sheet (73) for closing the feed port (32) is slidably installed in the sealing groove (72), and the sealing sheet (73) is meshed with the opening and closing motor (74) through a gear rack for transmission; a discharging frame (75) is slidably installed at the discharging port (33), and a lifting screw (76) for driving the discharging frame (75) to move up and down is installed between the discharging frame (75) and the discharging port (33), and a plurality of discharging plates (77) are fixed on the inner side of the discharging frame (75), and the upper ends of the discharging plates (77) are pressed against the sealing plate (71), and gaps are left between the discharging plates (77). 6. A carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cache mechanism (1) comprises a cache box (11), the cache box (11) is equipped with a tipping hopper (12), a tipping drive assembly is arranged between the tipping hopper (12) and the cache box (11), and the cache box (11) has a built-in screening assembly (9). 7. A carbonization device according to claim 6, characterized in that the flipping drive assembly comprises a flipping lever arm (13) rotatably connected to both sides of the buffer box (11) and the flip hopper (12), the flipping lever arm (13) is rotatably connected to a limiting lever arm (14), a limiting groove (15) is formed on the limiting lever arm (14), limiting protrusions (16) slidably connected to the limiting grooves (15) are fixed on both sides of the flip hopper (12), and a hydraulic push rod (17) is installed on the side of the buffer box (11) opposite to the flip hopper (12), The telescopic end of the hydraulic push rod (17) is rotatably connected to the tipping hopper (12); the screening assembly (9) comprises screening nets (91) stacked and arranged on the upper end of the buffer box (11); the middle of the screening nets (91) is transmission-connected via a linkage gear set (92); the linkage gear set (92) is transmission-connected to a swing motor (93); and the swing directions of adjacent screening nets (91) are opposite; a slag discharge port (94) is provided at the edge of the screening net (91); and a slag collecting trough (95) opposite to the slag discharge port (94) is installed on the outer side of the buffer box (11). 8. A carbonization device according to claim 7, characterized in that the feeding mechanism (2) includes a funnel-shaped collecting plate (21) arranged inside the buffer box (11), and an inclined feeding frame (22) is installed outside the buffer box (11), and a transmission sprocket (24) and a transmission chain (25) that are meshed with each other and transmission-connected to the transmission motor (23) are installed on the feeding frame (22), and a transmission hopper (26) is installed between the transmission chains (25). 9. A carbonization device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blanking assembly (8) comprises a blanking port (81) installed at the lower end of the carbonization furnace (3), an inclined blanking plate (82) is installed at the lower end of the blanking port (81), an ultrasonic transducer (83) is installed at the lower end of the blanking plate (82), and a vibration damper (84) is installed between the blanking plate (82) and the blanking port (81). 10. A porous carbon material, characterized in that it is processed by using the carbonization device described in any one of claims 1 to 9.