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CN118182553B - A rail passenger car air duct with airflow adaptive flow limiting function - Google Patents

A rail passenger car air duct with airflow adaptive flow limiting function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118182553B
CN118182553B CN202410613010.6A CN202410613010A CN118182553B CN 118182553 B CN118182553 B CN 118182553B CN 202410613010 A CN202410613010 A CN 202410613010A CN 118182553 B CN118182553 B CN 118182553B
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China
Prior art keywords
fixedly connected
air duct
reset
air
adaptive
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CN202410613010.6A
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CN118182553A (en
Inventor
王海阳
魏艳宾
刘闯
徐晓阳
刘芪杉
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Jilin Province Hongxing Rail Vehicle & Equipment Co ltd
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Jilin Province Hongxing Rail Vehicle & Equipment Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61DBODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/009Means for ventilating only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a railway passenger car air duct with an air flow self-adaptive flow limiting function, which comprises an air duct pipe body, a baffle, an air flow self-adaptive adjusting component and a reset compensation component, wherein the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component is arranged in the air duct pipe body and comprises a driving adjusting structure and a flow limiting structure, the driving adjusting structure is connected with the flow limiting structure, the reset compensation component is arranged in the air duct pipe body, and the reset compensation component is connected with the driving adjusting structure. The invention belongs to the technical field of railway coaches, and particularly relates to an air duct of a railway coach with an air flow self-adaptive current limiting function; according to the invention, the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component is arranged, so that self-adaptive adjustment can be performed according to the actual air flow condition in the air duct, the stability of the air flow in the air duct when the passenger car runs is further maintained, and the problems of large air flow fluctuation in the air duct, unstable air flow in the carriage and poor passenger riding experience are solved.

Description

Railway passenger car air duct with airflow self-adaptive current limiting function
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway coaches, and particularly relates to an air duct of a railway coach with an air flow self-adaptive current limiting function.
Background
Along with the continuous development of the technology of the railway passenger car, the requirements on the comfort level of the internal environment of the passenger car are higher and higher, the air duct is used as a key component for the ventilation of the internal air of the railway passenger car, the design of the air duct directly influences the quality of the air in the car, and the air flow fluctuation in the air duct is larger in the running process of the railway passenger car, such as the acceleration, the deceleration or the passage of a train, so that the ventilation in the carriage is changed, and the comfort level of passengers is influenced.
The current railway passenger car air duct can not carry out self-adaptive adjustment according to actual air flow conditions, so that the air circulation in the carriage changes, the air circulation in the carriage is unstable, and the riding experience of passengers is influenced, so that the passenger car air duct with the air flow self-adaptive flow limiting function is provided for carrying out self-adaptive adjustment on the actual air flow conditions of the air duct in the driving process of the passenger car, and the riding experience of the passengers is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the railway passenger car air duct with the air flow self-adaptive flow limiting function, and the air flow self-adaptive adjusting assembly is arranged to realize self-adaptive adjustment of the actual air flow situation in the air duct, so that the stability of the air flow in the air duct is maintained when a passenger car runs, the comfort level of the passenger in the air duct can be effectively improved, and the problems that the current railway passenger car air duct cannot be self-adaptively adjusted according to the actual air flow situation, the air flow in a carriage is unstable and the passenger riding experience is poor are effectively solved.
The invention provides a railway passenger car air duct with an air flow self-adaptive flow limiting function, which comprises an air duct pipe body, a baffle, an air flow self-adaptive adjusting component and a reset compensation component, wherein the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component is arranged in the air duct pipe body and comprises a driving adjusting structure and a flow limiting structure, the driving adjusting structure is connected with the flow limiting structure, the reset compensation component is arranged in the air duct pipe body and is connected with the driving adjusting structure, when the air flow in the air duct changes, the air flow can be self-adaptively adjusted according to the change of the air flow in the air duct pipe body, so that the actual ventilation quantity in the air duct is stable, and the riding comfort of passengers is improved.
Further, the drive adjusting structure comprises a fixed ring, a cross beam, a moving block, a wind shield, a resistance spring, a first synchronous pulley, a second synchronous pulley, a driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear and a driving gear, wherein the fixed ring is fixedly connected in an air duct pipe body, the cross beam is fixedly connected to the fixed ring, the moving block slides on the cross beam, the wind shield is fixedly connected with the moving block, a first spring seat is fixedly connected to the moving block, a second spring seat is fixedly connected to the fixed ring, two ends of the resistance spring are respectively and fixedly connected to the first spring seat and the second spring seat, the first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley are respectively and rotatably connected to the fixed ring, a synchronous belt is arranged between the first synchronous pulley and the second synchronous pulley, the bottom edge of the synchronous belt is fixedly connected to the moving block, and the driving bevel gear is fixedly connected with the second synchronous pulley.
Further, driven bevel gear rotates to be connected on the solid fixed ring, driven bevel gear is connected with the initiative bevel gear meshing, driving gear and driven bevel gear fixed connection, fixedly connected with front limiting block on the solid fixed ring, fixedly connected with back limiting block on the crossbeam.
Further, flow limiting structure includes fixed disk, current-limiting plate and rolling disc, fixed disk fixed connection is on the baffle, arc spout has been seted up on the fixed disk, the current-limiting plate is provided with a plurality of and is located between rolling disc and the fixed disk, one side that the current-limiting plate is close to the fixed disk is equipped with the drive slider, in the arc spout was located to the drive slider, spacing spout has been seted up to one side that keeps away from the fixed disk of current-limiting plate, fixedly connected with spacing post on the rolling disc, spacing post sliding connection is in spacing spout, the spread groove has been seted up on the rolling disc, fixedly connected with connecting block on the fixed disk, connecting block sliding connection is in the spread groove, and the pressure that the wind shield received produces when undulant on the crossbeam moves to drive flow limiting structure motion, change flow limiting structure's flow area, and then realize the inside stability of carrying out self-adaptation to the actual air current condition in the wind channel, improvement passenger train wind channel ventilation volume.
Further, driven teeth are arranged on the rotating disc and are connected with the driving gear in a meshed mode.
Further, the reset compensation assembly comprises a main shaft, a spiral blade, a threaded rod, a reset moving plate, a reset spring and a spiral spring, wherein the main shaft is rotationally connected in the air duct tube body, the spiral blade is fixedly connected to the main shaft, the threaded rod is fixedly connected with the main shaft, a threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the reset moving plate, the threaded sleeve is meshed with the threaded rod, and reset sliding blocks are fixedly connected to two sides of the reset moving plate.
Further, reset sliding grooves are formed in the cross beam, the reset sliding blocks are in sliding connection in the reset sliding grooves, two ends of the reset spring are respectively and fixedly connected to the reset moving plate and the wind shield, when the air volume flow is integrally enlarged, the spiral blades drive the threaded rods to rotate, so that the reset moving plate is driven to move along the cross beam, resistance is increased for the movement of the wind shield on the cross beam, the flow limiting structure is in a state with smaller flow area after the air volume is integrally enlarged, the integral air volume flow is influenced, and the adjusting capacity of the air flow self-adaptive adjusting assembly is guaranteed under the condition that the integral air volume flow is large.
Further, the wind channel body includes air-supply line, back tuber pipe, mount and fixed bolster, the mount is connected inside the air-supply line, fixed bolster fixed connection is inside the back tuber pipe, baffle fixed connection is on the air-supply line, back tuber pipe and baffle fixed connection, the one end of air-supply line is equipped with the air intake, the diameter of air intake is less than the diameter of air-supply line, the diameter of air intake is about the diameter of air-supply line one half.
Further, the fixed ring is fixedly connected with the fixed frame, and the fixed disc is fixedly connected on the baffle.
Further, the main shaft is rotatably connected to the fixed support, and two ends of the spiral spring are fixedly connected to the main shaft and the fixed support respectively.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention by adopting the structure are as follows:
(1) In order to solve the problem that the actual flow change in the air duct causes unstable ventilation flow in the carriage and influences riding experience of passengers, the invention can adaptively regulate the limitation of air according to the change of the air flow in the pipe body of the air duct by arranging the air flow adaptive regulating component, thereby stabilizing the actual ventilation quantity in the air duct and improving riding comfort of passengers;
(2) When the air quantity and the flow rate in the air duct fluctuate, the pressure received by the wind shield changes to move on the cross beam so as to drive the flow limiting structure to move, thereby changing the flow area of the flow limiting structure, realizing the self-adaptive regulation of the actual air flow condition in the air duct and improving the ventilation stability of the air duct of the passenger car;
(3) In addition, by arranging the reset compensation component, when the air volume flow is integrally enlarged, the spiral blade drives the threaded rod to rotate, so that the reset moving plate is driven to move along the cross beam, resistance is increased for the movement of the wind shield on the cross beam, the flow limiting structure is prevented from being in a state with smaller flow area after the air volume is integrally enlarged, the integral air volume flow is influenced, the adjusting capacity of the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component is ensured under the condition that the integral air volume flow is large, and the adaptability of the air duct to the air speed flow is improved;
(4) In order to prevent when just beginning to let in great wind in the wind channel, wind flow suddenly increases in the wind channel, when the compensation effect of compensation subassembly that resets does not act on the air current self-adaptation adjusting part, the movement of deep bead drive flow restriction structure leads to flow restriction structure's flow area to be too little and influence the air flow in the wind channel, through setting up the back stopper, carries out spacingly to the travel distance of deep bead, and then guarantees the compensation effect of compensation subassembly that resets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal perspective structure of a railway carriage air duct with an airflow self-adaptive flow limiting function;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a railway carriage air duct with an airflow self-adaptive flow limiting function;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the overall structure of a passenger train air duct with adaptive airflow restriction function according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive airflow regulating assembly with adaptive airflow limiting function for a passenger train air duct according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a drive adjustment structure;
FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of a drive adjustment structure;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view at A in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a flow restricting structure;
FIG. 9 is an exploded view of a flow restricting structure;
FIG. 10 is a second exploded view of the flow restricting structure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of the drive adjustment structure to the reset compensation assembly;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a reset compensation assembly.
1, An air duct body; the self-adaptive airflow adjusting component comprises a driving adjusting structure, a flow limiting structure, a resetting compensating component, a baffle plate, a 101, an air inlet pipe, a 102, a rear air pipe, a 103, a fixing frame, a104, a fixing bracket, a 105, an air inlet, a 301, a fixing ring, a 302, a cross beam, a 303, a moving block, a 304, a wind shield, a 305, a first spring seat, a 306, a second spring seat, a 307, a resistance spring, a 308, a first synchronous pulley, a 309, a second synchronous pulley, a 310, a synchronous belt, a 311, a driving bevel gear, a 312, a driven bevel gear, a 313, a driving gear, a 314, a front limiting block, a 315, a rear limiting block, a 316, a resetting sliding groove, a 401, a fixed disc, a 402, an arc sliding groove, a 403, a limiting plate, a 404, a transmission sliding block, a 405, a limiting sliding groove, a 406, a rotating disc, a 407, a limiting column, a 408, a connecting groove, a 409, a connecting block, a 410, a driven tooth, a 501, a main shaft, a 502, a spiral blade, a 503, a threaded rod, a 504, a resetting moving plate, a 505, a threaded sleeve, a 506, a resetting sliding block, a 507, a reset spring, a 508 and a scroll spring.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientation or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1-12, the invention provides a railway passenger car air duct with an air flow self-adaptive flow limiting function, which comprises an air duct pipe body 1, a baffle 6, an air flow self-adaptive adjusting component 2 and a reset compensation component 5, wherein the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component 2 is arranged in the air duct pipe body 1, the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component 2 comprises a driving adjusting structure 3 and a flow limiting structure 4, the driving adjusting structure 3 is connected with the flow limiting structure 4, the reset compensation component 5 is arranged in the air duct pipe body 1, and the reset compensation component 5 is connected with the driving adjusting structure 3.
The driving adjusting structure 3 comprises a fixed ring 301, a cross beam 302, a moving block 303, a wind shield 304, a resistance spring 307, a first synchronous pulley 308, a second synchronous pulley 309, a driving bevel gear 311, a driven bevel gear 312 and a driving gear 313, wherein the fixed ring 301 is fixedly connected in the air duct tube body 1, the cross beam 302 is fixedly connected on the fixed ring 301, the moving block 303 slides on the cross beam 302, the wind shield 304 is fixedly connected with the moving block 303, a first spring seat 305 is fixedly connected on the moving block 303, a second spring seat 306 is fixedly connected on the fixed ring 301, two ends of the resistance spring 307 are respectively and fixedly connected on the first spring seat 305 and the second spring seat 306, the first synchronous pulley 308 and the second synchronous pulley 309 are both rotationally connected on the fixed ring 301, a synchronous belt 310 is installed between the first synchronous pulley 308 and the second synchronous pulley 309, the bottom edge of the synchronous belt 310 is fixedly connected on the moving block 303, and the driving bevel gear 311 is fixedly connected with the second synchronous pulley 309.
Wherein, driven bevel gear 312 rotates to be connected on solid fixed ring 301, driven bevel gear 312 is connected with initiative bevel gear 311 meshing, driving gear 313 and driven bevel gear 312 fixed connection, gu fixed ring 301 is last fixedly connected with preceding stopper 314, fixedly connected with back stopper 315 on the crossbeam 302, preceding stopper 314 and back stopper 315 can carry out spacing function to the travel distance of deep bead 304, and then when avoiding just beginning to let in great flow in the wind channel, wind flow increases suddenly in the wind channel, when the compensation effect of compensation subassembly 5 that resets does not act on air current self-adaptation adjusting part 2, the flow restriction structure 4's flow area is too little and influence the air flow in the wind channel, and then guarantee the compensation effect of compensation subassembly that resets.
In addition, flow restriction structure 4 includes fixed disk 401, current-limiting plate 403 and rolling disc 406, fixed disk 401 fixed connection is on baffle 6, arc spout 402 has been seted up on the fixed disk 401, current-limiting plate 403 is provided with a plurality of and is located between rolling disc 406 and the fixed disk 401, one side that current-limiting plate 403 is close to fixed disk 401 is equipped with drive slider 404, drive slider 404 locates in the arc spout 402, limit chute 405 has been seted up to one side that current-limiting plate 403 that keeps away from fixed disk 401, fixedly connected with spacing post 407 on the rolling disc 406, spacing post 407 sliding connection is in limit chute 405, the spread groove 408 has been seted up on the rolling disc 406, fixedly connected with connecting block 409 on the fixed disk 401, connecting block 409 sliding connection is in the spread groove 408, rolling disc 406 passes through between connecting block 409 and the spread groove 408 and the fixed disk 401 and rotates.
Wherein, the rotating disk 406 is provided with driven teeth 410, and the driven teeth 410 are engaged with the driving gear 313.
In addition, the reset compensation assembly 5 comprises a main shaft 501, a spiral blade 502, a threaded rod 503, a reset moving plate 504, a reset spring 507 and a scroll spring 508, wherein the main shaft 501 is rotationally connected in the air duct tube body 1, the spiral blade 502 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 501, the threaded rod 503 is fixedly connected with the main shaft 501, a threaded sleeve 505 is fixedly connected to the reset moving plate 504, the threaded sleeve 505 is meshed with the threaded rod 503, and reset sliding blocks 506 are fixedly connected to two sides of the reset moving plate 504.
Wherein, reset chute 316 has been seted up on crossbeam 302, reset slider 506 sliding connection is in reset chute 316, and reset spring 507's both ends are fixed connection respectively on reset movable plate 504 and deep bead 304, and messenger reset spring 507 promotes deep bead 304 when reset slider 506 removes, increases the resistance for the removal of deep bead 304 on crossbeam 302, guarantees the adjustment capability of air current self-adaptation adjusting part 2.
The air duct body 1 comprises an air inlet pipe 101, a rear air pipe 102, a fixing frame 103 and a fixing support 104, wherein the fixing frame 103 is connected inside the air inlet pipe 101, the fixing support 104 is fixedly connected inside the rear air pipe 102, a baffle 6 is fixedly connected on the air inlet pipe 101, the rear air pipe 102 is fixedly connected with the baffle 6, an air inlet 105 is formed in one end of the air inlet pipe 101, the diameter of the air inlet 105 is smaller than that of the air inlet pipe 101, the diameter of the air inlet 105 is about one half of that of the air inlet pipe 101, the diameter of the air inlet pipe 101 is larger than that of the air inlet 105, so that air can circulate from two sides of the driving adjusting structure 3, and the influence of the driving adjusting structure 3 on ventilation in an air duct is avoided.
In addition, solid fixed ring 301 and mount 103 fixed connection, fixed disk 401 fixed connection is on baffle 6, and baffle 6 can be convenient for installation between air-supply line 101 and the back tuber pipe 102, can guarantee simultaneously that wind channel body 1 forms confined pipeline, and main shaft 501 rotates to be connected on fixed bolster 104, and the both ends of spiral spring 508 are fixed connection respectively on main shaft 501 and fixed bolster 104.
When the air conditioner is specifically used, air in the air channel of the passenger car enters the air channel pipe body 1 from the air inlet 105, and when the air flow entering the air channel is unstable in the running process of the passenger car, the pressure of the wind shield 304 is changed through the flow of air in the air channel pipe body 1.
If the air flow rate of the air inlet pipe 101 is large, the pressure applied to the wind shield 304 is increased to compress the resistance spring 307 and move, the moving block 303 is driven to move along the cross beam 302 to drive the synchronous belt 310 to move, the synchronous belt pulley II 309 rotates, the driving gear 313 is driven to rotate by the transmission of the driving bevel gear 311 and the driven bevel gear 312, the driving gear 313 drives the rotating disc 406 to rotate by the driven gear 410, and when the rotating disc 406 rotates, the limiting post 407 is driven to move in the limiting chute 405 and the transmission sliding block 404 is driven to move in the arc-shaped chute 402, so that the arrangement between the limiting plates 403 is changed, the aperture formed between the limiting plates 403 is reduced, and the limitation of air flow rate is increased;
when the air flow rate at the air inlet pipe 101 is small, the moving block 303 moves reversely under the elasticity of the resistance spring 307, so that the flow limiting plates 403 move reversely, the aperture formed between the flow limiting plates 403 becomes large, and the limitation of air is reduced;
Furthermore, the air in the air inlet pipe 101 is regulated by the airflow self-adaptive regulating component 2 to realize the stability of the air flow, so that the stability of the ventilation flow in the carriage by the air channel of the passenger car is realized.
When the air volume flow is wholly enlarged, the spiral blade 502 rotates to drive the main shaft 501 and the threaded rod 503 to rotate, and the threaded rod 503 drives the reset moving plate 504 to move through meshing with the threaded sleeve 505, so that the reset spring 507 pushes the wind shield 304 to increase resistance for the movement of the wind shield 304 on the cross beam 302, the flow limiting structure 4 is in a state with smaller flow area after the flow is wholly enlarged, the whole air volume flow is influenced, and the adjusting capability of the air flow self-adaptive adjusting component 2 is ensured under the condition that the whole air volume flow is large.
The whole working flow of the invention is just the above, and the step is repeated when the invention is used next time.
The actual operation process is very simple and feasible.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, and the actual construction is not limited to the embodiments of the invention as shown in the drawings. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:包括风道管体(1)、挡板(6)、气流自适应调节组件(2)和复位补偿组件(5),所述气流自适应调节组件(2)设于风道管体(1)的内部,所述气流自适应调节组件(2)包括驱动调节结构(3)和流量限制结构(4),所述驱动调节结构(3)和流量限制结构(4)连接,所述复位补偿组件(5)设于风道管体(1)的内部,所述复位补偿组件(5)与驱动调节结构(3)连接;1. A railway passenger car air duct with an airflow adaptive flow limiting function, characterized in that it comprises an air duct body (1), a baffle (6), an airflow adaptive adjustment component (2) and a reset compensation component (5), wherein the airflow adaptive adjustment component (2) is arranged inside the air duct body (1), the airflow adaptive adjustment component (2) comprises a drive adjustment structure (3) and a flow limiting structure (4), the drive adjustment structure (3) and the flow limiting structure (4) are connected, the reset compensation component (5) is arranged inside the air duct body (1), and the reset compensation component (5) is connected to the drive adjustment structure (3); 所述驱动调节结构(3)包括固定环(301)、横梁(302)、移动块(303)、挡风板(304)、阻力弹簧(307)、同步带轮一(308)、同步带轮二(309)、主动锥齿轮(311)、从动锥齿轮(312)和驱动齿轮(313),所述固定环(301)固定连接在风道管体(1)内,所述横梁(302)固定连接在固定环(301)上,所述移动块(303)滑动在横梁(302)上,所述挡风板(304)与移动块(303)固定连接,所述移动块(303)上固定连接有弹簧座一(305),所述固定环(301)上固定连接有弹簧座二(306),所述阻力弹簧(307)的两端分别固定连接在弹簧座一(305)和弹簧座二(306)上,所述同步带轮一(308)和同步带轮二(309)均转动连接在固定环(301)上,所述同步带轮一(308)和同步带轮二(309)之间安装有同步皮带(310),所述同步皮带(310)的底边固定连接在移动块(303)上,所述主动锥齿轮(311)与同步带轮二(309)固定连接;The driving adjustment structure (3) comprises a fixed ring (301), a crossbeam (302), a moving block (303), a windshield (304), a resistance spring (307), a synchronous pulley 1 (308), a synchronous pulley 2 (309), a driving bevel gear (311), a driven bevel gear (312) and a driving gear (313), wherein the fixed ring (301) is fixedly connected to the air duct body (1), the crossbeam (302) is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (301), the moving block (303) slides on the crossbeam (302), the windshield (304) is fixedly connected to the moving block (303), and the moving block (303) is provided with a plurality of gears. A spring seat 1 (305) is fixedly connected, a spring seat 2 (306) is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (301), two ends of the resistance spring (307) are respectively fixedly connected to the spring seat 1 (305) and the spring seat 2 (306), the synchronous pulley 1 (308) and the synchronous pulley 2 (309) are both rotatably connected to the fixed ring (301), a synchronous belt (310) is installed between the synchronous pulley 1 (308) and the synchronous pulley 2 (309), the bottom edge of the synchronous belt (310) is fixedly connected to the moving block (303), and the active bevel gear (311) is fixedly connected to the synchronous pulley 2 (309); 所述流量限制结构(4)包括固定盘(401)、限流板(403)和转动盘(406),所述固定盘(401)固定连接在挡板(6)上,所述固定盘(401)上开设有弧形滑槽(402),所述限流板(403)设置有多个且位于转动盘(406)与固定盘(401)之间,所述限流板(403)靠近固定盘(401)的一侧设有传动滑块(404),所述传动滑块(404)设于弧形滑槽(402)内,所述限流板(403)的远离固定盘(401)的一侧开设有限位滑槽(405),所述转动盘(406)上固定连接有限位柱(407),所述限位柱(407)滑动连接在限位滑槽(405)内,所述转动盘(406)上开设有连接槽(408),所述固定盘(401)上固定连接有连接块(409),所述连接块(409)滑动连接在连接槽(408)内;The flow limiting structure (4) comprises a fixed disk (401), a flow limiting plate (403) and a rotating disk (406); the fixed disk (401) is fixedly connected to the baffle (6); an arc-shaped slide groove (402) is provided on the fixed disk (401); a plurality of flow limiting plates (403) are provided and are located between the rotating disk (406) and the fixed disk (401); a transmission slider (404) is provided on a side of the flow limiting plate (403) close to the fixed disk (401); and the transmission slider (404) is provided on the fixed disk (401). In the arc-shaped slide groove (402), a limiting slide groove (405) is provided on a side of the limiting plate (403) away from the fixed disk (401); a limiting column (407) is fixedly connected to the rotating disk (406); the limiting column (407) is slidably connected in the limiting slide groove (405); a connecting groove (408) is provided on the rotating disk (406); a connecting block (409) is fixedly connected to the fixed disk (401); and the connecting block (409) is slidably connected in the connecting groove (408); 所述转动盘(406)上设有从动齿(410),所述从动齿(410)与驱动齿轮(313)啮合连接;The rotating disk (406) is provided with a driven tooth (410), and the driven tooth (410) is meshingly connected with the driving gear (313); 所述复位补偿组件(5)包括主轴(501)、螺旋叶(502)、螺纹杆(503)、复位移动板(504)、复位弹簧(507)和涡卷弹簧(508),所述主轴(501)转动连接在风道管体(1)内,所述螺旋叶(502)固定连接在主轴(501)上,所述螺纹杆(503)与主轴(501)固定连接,所述复位移动板(504)上固定连接有螺纹套筒(505),所述螺纹套筒(505)与螺纹杆(503)啮合连接,所述复位移动板(504)的两侧固定连接有复位滑块(506)。The reset compensation component (5) comprises a main shaft (501), a spiral blade (502), a threaded rod (503), a reset movable plate (504), a reset spring (507) and a scroll spring (508); the main shaft (501) is rotatably connected to the air duct body (1); the spiral blade (502) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (501); the threaded rod (503) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (501); a threaded sleeve (505) is fixedly connected to the reset movable plate (504); the threaded sleeve (505) is meshedly connected to the threaded rod (503); and reset sliders (506) are fixedly connected to both sides of the reset movable plate (504). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:所述从动锥齿轮(312)转动连接在固定环(301)上,所述从动锥齿轮(312)与主动锥齿轮(311)啮合连接,所述驱动齿轮(313)与从动锥齿轮(312)固定连接,所述固定环(301)上固定连接有前限位块(314),所述横梁(302)上固定连接有后限位块(315)。2. A railway passenger car air duct with an airflow adaptive flow limiting function according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driven bevel gear (312) is rotatably connected to the fixed ring (301), the driven bevel gear (312) is meshedly connected to the active bevel gear (311), the driving gear (313) is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear (312), a front limit block (314) is fixedly connected to the fixed ring (301), and a rear limit block (315) is fixedly connected to the crossbeam (302). 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:所述横梁(302)上开设有复位滑槽(316),所述复位滑块(506)滑动连接在复位滑槽(316)内,所述复位弹簧(507)的两端分别固定连接在复位移动板(504)和挡风板(304)上。3. A railway passenger car air duct with an airflow adaptive flow limiting function according to claim 2, characterized in that: a reset slide groove (316) is provided on the crossbeam (302), the reset slider (506) is slidably connected in the reset slide groove (316), and the two ends of the reset spring (507) are respectively fixedly connected to the reset movable plate (504) and the wind shield (304). 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:所述风道管体(1)包括进风管(101)、后风管(102)、固定架(103)和固定支架(104),所述固定架(103)连接在进风管(101)内部,所述固定支架(104)固定连接在后风管(102)内部,所述挡板(6)固定连接在进风管(101)上,所述后风管(102)与挡板(6)固定连接,所述进风管(101)的一端设有进风口(105),所述进风口(105)的直径小于进风管(101)的直径。4. A railway passenger car air duct with an airflow adaptive flow limiting function according to claim 3, characterized in that: the air duct body (1) comprises an air inlet pipe (101), a rear air duct (102), a fixing frame (103) and a fixing bracket (104), the fixing frame (103) is connected to the inside of the air inlet pipe (101), the fixing bracket (104) is fixedly connected to the inside of the rear air duct (102), the baffle (6) is fixedly connected to the air inlet pipe (101), the rear air duct (102) is fixedly connected to the baffle (6), and an air inlet (105) is provided at one end of the air inlet pipe (101), and the diameter of the air inlet (105) is smaller than the diameter of the air inlet pipe (101). 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:所述固定环(301)与固定架(103)固定连接。5. The rail passenger car air duct with airflow adaptive flow limiting function according to claim 4, characterized in that: the fixing ring (301) is fixedly connected to the fixing frame (103). 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种具有气流自适应限流功能的轨道客车风道,其特征在于:所述主轴(501)转动连接在固定支架(104)上,所述涡卷弹簧(508)的两端分别固定连接在主轴(501)和固定支架(104)上。6. A railway passenger car air duct with an airflow adaptive flow limiting function according to claim 5, characterized in that: the main shaft (501) is rotatably connected to the fixed bracket (104), and the two ends of the scroll spring (508) are respectively fixedly connected to the main shaft (501) and the fixed bracket (104).
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