CN118171811A

CN118171811A - Engineering supervision method and system based on blockchain and BIM

Info

Publication number: CN118171811A
Application number: CN202410275039.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯聪; 冯恬惜
Original assignee: Tianjian Engineering Consulting Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianjian Engineering Consulting Co ltd
Priority date: 2024-03-09
Filing date: 2024-03-09
Publication date: 2024-06-11

Abstract

The application provides an engineering supervision method and system based on block chains and BIM, which are applied to the technical field of engineering management. The method of the application comprises the following steps: step 1, creating an engineering supervision block chain; step 2, building a BIM model; step 3, associating the BIM model with the blockchain; step 4, monitoring the engineering progress in real time; and 5, quality detection and acceptance inspection. The application can avoid the problems of easy data island, low efficiency, low construction quality and the like of the traditional supervision mode, and can improve the efficiency and the credibility of engineering supervision; meanwhile, the application combines the algorithm for optimizing the engineering progress and the sensor technology, and can improve the conservation of engineering resources.

Description

Engineering supervision method and system based on blockchain and BIM

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of engineering supervision and information, in particular to an engineering supervision method and system based on block chains and BIM.

Background

In the engineering construction process, supervision and supervision are important links for ensuring engineering quality and safety. Along with the increase of the engineering construction scale, the traditional supervision method is difficult to meet the requirement of project management, and meanwhile, the traditional supervision method has the problems of information island, opaque data and the like, so that the supervision effect is poor. Therefore, a new method is urgently needed to improve the current situation.

The application of Building Information Model (BIM) technology makes engineering data more accurate and detailed, more necessary in the construction process, and meanwhile, the non-tamper-resistant and decentralizing characteristics of the block chain (Blockchain) technology provide a safer and transparent means for engineering supervision. Thus, the development and integration of blockchain and BIM technologies provides new possibilities to solve these problems.

The traditional engineering supervision management generally needs to manually collect, analyze and report data, so that the problems of data entry errors, information lag, subjective judgment and the like are easy to occur. The data sources and formats of different participants may be inconsistent, so that data integration and comparison are difficult, and the accuracy of the supervision result is affected; traditional supervision mainly focuses on supervision and control of engineering construction processes, and has limited monitoring range in terms of engineering quality, safety, cost and the like.

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the supervision, an optimization constraint algorithm may be used to optimize the supervision process.

Through the optimization algorithm, the supervision resources such as time, manpower and expense can be reasonably distributed, so that supervision work can be efficiently carried out. And optimizing the construction plan by utilizing an optimization algorithm, so that the construction period is shortest, the cost is lowest, and the quality and safety requirements are met. The quality control can be optimized through an optimization algorithm, for example, the optimal detection frequency, the optimal sample number and the optimal detection method can be determined, so that the quality supervision effect can be improved.

The optimization constraint algorithm can be combined with the data acquisition and analysis technology, so that automation and intellectualization of the engineering supervision process are realized, and the supervision efficiency and accuracy are improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an engineering supervision and management method and system based on blockchain and BIM, which are combined with an optimization algorithm of engineering supervision and management and the existing sensor technology, and aim to improve the efficiency and the credibility of supervision and management.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

An engineering supervision method based on blockchain and BIM, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step1, creating a blockchain of engineering supervision, which comprises creating a blockchain special for engineering supervision in a blockchain network;

step 2, building a BIM model which is used as basic data of engineering supervision and management and comprises design drawings, equipment, pipe network pipeline information, construction progress and maintenance records; adding detailed attribute information for each element in the BIM model, wherein the attribute information comprises the type, cost, supplier and maintenance period of the material;

checking for errors or conflicts in the model using a BIM reconciliation tool, including spatial conflicts, material inconsistencies; performing real-time collaboration and information exchange by using a BIM collaboration tool;

step 3, associating the BIM model with the blockchain, wherein the step comprises associating the basic data in the BIM model with the blockchain;

Each time the BIM model is modified or updated, the data change is recorded in the blockchain to form a tamper-proof data history record; through encryption key management on the blockchain, ensuring that only authorized users can modify the BIM model, and each participant has a unique identity;

Step 4, monitoring the progress of the project in real time, wherein the monitoring of the construction progress of the project is realized by utilizing a sensor technology, monitoring data are uploaded to the blockchain, and a supervision manager checks the real-time data of the progress of the project through the blockchain to ensure that the project is carried out according to a plan;

Constraining and optimizing the engineering progress and the resource allocation by using a working-driving time cost optimization algorithm; calculating the working driving cost of each activity in the engineering progress, wherein the constraint function of the engineering progress is as follows:

∑w_i＝¹

Wherein cost _crush is the total project driving cost, w _i is the weight of the calculated cost allocated for the ith activity, i is the activity in the project construction progress, k is the total number of activities, cost _i-norm is the normal cost spent by the ith activity, cost _i-emer is the emergency cost spent by the ith activity, time _i-norm is the normal time spent by the ith activity, and time _i-emer is the emergency time spent by the ith activity;

And 5, quality detection and acceptance, namely carrying out quality detection and acceptance on the engineering, recording detection results and acceptance comments in the blockchain, and checking quality detection reports and acceptance comments of the engineering by supervision and supervision staff through the blockchain to ensure that the engineering quality meets the requirements.

Optionally, the creating a blockchain dedicated to engineering supervision includes:

step 1-1: identifying the type of engineering information to be recorded, including engineering plans, design files, construction progress and quality detection reports; defining business processes from planning to completion; determining all parties of a blockchain network participating in engineering supervision, wherein the parties comprise a construction party, a construction unit, a supervision unit and a supplier;

Step 1-2: the specific type of the blockchain is a alliance chain, and the blockchain is built based on HYPERLEDGER FABRIC blockchain technology platforms;

Step 1-3: designing an intelligent contract to record and update engineering information, writing an intelligent contract code by using Solidity, and deploying the intelligent contract on a test network for testing;

Step 1-4: carrying out standardized processing on the engineering information in a JSON format; deploying the engineering information to a blockchain through the intelligent contract;

step 1-5: deploying participating nodes in a block chain network, and performing system pressure test;

step 1-6: and monitoring the running state of the system, and updating and optimizing in time according to the feedback and supervision requirements of all the parties.

Optionally, in said step 2,

The BIM coordination tool is Navisworks, which comprises:

importing the BIM model into Navisworks;

performing space alignment and position calibration on the imported BIM model;

Defining a checking rule;

Executing the defined inspection rules using the Navisworks inspection tool, navisworks automatically scans the model and marks the location of the error or conflict;

analyzing the cause and effect of the conflict using an analysis tool Navisworks; according to the analysis result, adopting corresponding solving measures;

navisworks generate detailed inspection reports including type, location, reason of conflict;

The BIM collaboration tool shares a model for BIM 360.

Optionally, uploading the BIM data to a blockchain network, and allowing a supervision manager to access the blockchain platform under the condition of being authorized to allow the supervision manager to execute an intelligent contract to check a quality detection report and acceptance comments of the engineering; the identity information is encrypted by zero knowledge proof.

Optionally, in said step 4,

The sensor technology comprises at least one of laser scanning LiDAR, UAVs, RFID, vibration sensor, environment sensor, optical fiber sensor, video monitoring system, measuring instrument and acoustic wave sensor;

The activities include at least one of project initiation, pre-preparation, bidding and contract signing, design phase, procurement and supply, construction phase, quality control, progress management, cost control, resource management, risk management, supervision and verification.

Optionally, in said step 4,

The optimizing engineering progress and resource configuration further includes using at least one of a critical path method, a spatial collision detection algorithm, a version control algorithm, a monte carlo modulo algorithm.

Optionally, the step5 further includes:

Step 5-1: recording quality detection reports, namely recording all links, results and evidences of the quality detection of the engineering in the blockchain;

Step 5-2: acceptance opinion records: recording each link and opinion of acceptance of the engineering, including acceptance criteria, acceptance time and acceptance results;

step 5-3: blockchain sharing: the supervision and supervision personnel check and verify the engineering quality detection report and acceptance opinion at any time;

Step 5-4: and (3) real-time monitoring: the supervision and supervision personnel know the progress situation of engineering quality detection and acceptance at any time, and timely find and solve the problems.

An engineering supervision system based on blockchain and BIM, the engineering supervision system comprising:

the block chain creation module is used for creating a block chain special for engineering supervision in the block chain network;

The BIM model building module is used for taking the built BIM model as basic data of engineering supervision and supervision, and comprises design drawings, equipment, pipe network pipeline information, construction progress and maintenance records; adding detailed attribute information for each element in the BIM model, wherein the attribute information comprises the type, cost, supplier and maintenance period of the material;

An association module for associating the BIM model with the blockchain, including associating the base data in the BIM model with the blockchain;

Each time the BIM model is modified or updated, the data change is recorded in the blockchain to form a tamper-proof data history record; through encryption key management on the blockchain, ensuring that only authorized users can modify the BIM model, and each participant has a unique identity; the identity information is encrypted through zero knowledge proof;

The monitoring module is used for monitoring the progress of the project in real time, including monitoring the construction progress of the project in real time by utilizing a sensor technology, uploading monitoring data to the blockchain, and checking the real-time data of the progress of the project by a supervision manager through the blockchain to ensure that the project is carried out according to a plan;

∑w_i＝1

And the acceptance module is used for quality detection and acceptance, and comprises the step of carrying out quality detection and acceptance on the engineering, recording the detection result and acceptance opinion in the blockchain, and checking the quality detection report and acceptance opinion of the engineering by a supervision manager through the blockchain to ensure that the engineering quality meets the requirements.

Optionally, the creating a blockchain dedicated to engineering supervision in the blockchain creating module includes:

Optionally, the system further comprises:

the display module is used for project progress display, resource allocation display, quality detection display, risk management display, cost control display and communication cooperation display.

According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides an engineering supervision method based on a blockchain and BIM, which improves the efficiency and the credibility of engineering supervision by utilizing a data model of the blockchain, which is not tamper-proof and BIM. The method can be widely applied to the field of supervision and supervision of various projects, and provides more reliable guarantee for engineering construction.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the data reliability is high, the authenticity and the integrity of engineering related data are ensured through the non-falsifiability of the block chain, and the problem of information asymmetry is reduced. The block chain records the history data related to the engineering, and is convenient for supervision and supervision personnel to trace the source and search the root of the problem.

2. And the real-time monitoring is to monitor the engineering progress in real time by using technologies such as sensors and the like, provide real-time data, and help supervision and management personnel to find problems in time and take measures.

3. Through the combination of BIM technology and blockchain, the centralized management and sharing of engineering information are realized, and the efficiency of supervision and supervision is improved.

4. By using an optimization algorithm, the improvement of supervision work efficiency and the acceleration of engineering progress are realized.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an engineering supervision method in the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the project supervision system of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example json file for BIM integrated blockchain post-output in accordance with the present application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Other advantages and effects of the present application will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present application with reference to specific examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. The application may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, apparatus may be implemented and/or methods practiced using any number and aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concept of the present application by way of illustration, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the drawings and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.

In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

The invention aims to provide an engineering supervision method and system based on blockchain and BIM, aiming at improving the efficiency and the credibility of supervision.

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.

Referring to FIG. 1, a blockchain and BIM based engineering supervision method in accordance with an embodiment of the application is shown. The method comprises the following steps:

Step1, creating a blockchain of the engineering supervision, wherein the step comprises creating a blockchain special for the engineering supervision in a blockchain network.

step 1-6: and monitoring the running state of the system, and timely updating and optimizing according to feedback and supervision requirements of all the parties.

Optionally, creating a blockchain in the blockchain network that is dedicated to engineering supervision involves a number of steps including demand analysis, selecting the appropriate blockchain type, designing the blockchain structure, developing smart contracts, deployment and testing.

1. Demand analysis and planning: the purpose of the blockchain application is clarified, and the type of engineering information (such as engineering plan, design file, construction progress, quality detection report and the like) needing to be recorded is identified. Analyzing participants to determine parties (constructors, construction units, supervision units, suppliers, etc.) participating in an engineering supervision and supervision blockchain network

2. The blockchain type is selected, typically including a public chain, a private chain, or a federated chain. And selecting the most suitable block chain type according to the requirement. Private or federation chains are more suitable in engineering supervision because they provide better privacy protection and speed.

A mature blockchain technology platform, such as Ethereum, HYPERLEDGER FABRIC, etc., is selected that supports smart contracts and can be customized according to actual needs.

3. The block chain structure is designed. The method comprises the following steps of: the data structures stored on the blockchain are designed to ensure that all necessary engineering information can be recorded efficiently.

Intelligent contract design: intelligent contracts are designed to automate the supervisory process, such as automatically verifying the authenticity of project progress reports, automatically releasing payments, and the like.

4. Development and testing. The method comprises the following steps of building a development environment: and building a development environment according to the selected block chain platform.

Writing intelligent contracts: intelligent contracts are developed to implement predetermined business logic.

Front-end and back-end development: user interfaces and backend services are developed so that users can interact with the blockchain system.

And (3) testing: comprehensive tests are performed, including unit tests, integration tests and performance tests, to ensure the stability and reliability of the system.

5. Deployment and maintenance. The method comprises the following steps of network deployment: and deploying the developed blockchain system to a server or cloud environment.

Monitoring and maintaining: the system is monitored to ensure the normal operation of the system, and the system is updated regularly to repair the loopholes and improve the performance.

6. And (5) a winding process. Data chaining: and recording the information related to the engineering into the system through a developed front-end interface or API interface, and storing the information on the blockchain after processing the information through the intelligent contract.

And (3) data verification: the intelligent closing date in the system automatically verifies the validity of the uplink data, and ensures the authenticity and credibility of the data.

Consensus mechanism: according to the type of the blockchain, the non-falsification and consistency of the data are ensured through a corresponding consensus mechanism.

7. User training and support. The training method comprises the following steps: providing training to the parties using the system ensures that they know how to operate the system.

The technical support is as follows: technical support is provided, and the problems encountered by users in the using process are solved.

In the embodiment of the application, the intelligent contract written by Solidity is used for recording and updating engineering information, and the framework codes of engineering monitoring are as follows:

A Project structure is defined in the contract, containing the Project information. New projects can be added by addProject functions and construction progress and quality inspection reports can be updated by updateConstructionProgress and updateQualityReports functions. The getProjectDetails function is used to obtain detailed information about the project.

Step 2, building a BIM model which is taken as basic data of engineering supervision and comprises design drawings, equipment, pipe network pipeline information, construction progress and maintenance records; adding detailed attribute information for each element in the BIM model, wherein the attribute information comprises the type, cost, supplier and maintenance period of the material;

Checking for errors or conflicts in the model using a BIM reconciliation tool, including spatial conflicts, material inconsistencies; real-time collaboration and information exchange are performed using a BIM collaboration tool.

Specifically, building the BIM not only covers three-dimensional geometric information of engineering projects, but also includes related information in terms of time management (4D), cost management (5D), sustainability evaluation (6D), facility management (7D) and the like.

Optionally, the step of building a BIM model:

1. demand collection and analysis: first, communication with interested parties to the project is required to define the requirements, goals and expected output of the project. This includes knowing the size, function, budget, time constraints of the project, specific information requirements, and so on.

2. Establishing a project execution plan (BEP): and according to the collected requirements, a BIM project execution plan is formulated. This schedule details the goals of the project, the purpose of BIM use, deliveries, team members involved and their responsibilities, software tool selection, data exchange criteria, etc.

3. Model creation: and (3) establishing a geometric model: using BIM software (e.g., revit, archiCAD, etc.), an accurate three-dimensional model is created from the architectural design drawings or concepts. This includes the structure, appearance and interior layout of the building

Modeling of systems and components: based on the geometric model, various systems and components of the building are added, such as Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC), plumbing, electrical systems, and the like. This step requires detailed technical specifications and manufacturer information.

4. And (3) adding information: detailed attribute information such as type of material, cost, vendor, maintenance period, etc. is added for each element in the model. This information is important for cost estimation, construction management, and later facility management of the project.

5. Model checking and coordination: using BIM reconciliation tools, preferably Navisworks, errors or conflicts in the model are checked, such as spatial conflicts, material inconsistencies, and the like. This step helps to reduce errors and delays in the actual construction process.

Specifically, navisworks is a BIM collaboration tool for checking and reconciling model errors and conflicts in engineering projects. In using Navisworks for error or conflict checking, the following steps are to be followed:

And (3) importing a model: first, the relevant BIM model is imported Navisworks. These models may come from different design software, such as Revit, autoCAD, etc.

Coordination model: the introduced model is spatially aligned and positionally calibrated using the Navisworks coordination function to ensure the correctness of the model.

Defining a checking rule: according to project requirements, corresponding checking rules are defined. These rules may include aspects of spatial conflicts, material inconsistencies, and the like.

Performing model checking: using the Navisworks inspection tool, defined inspection rules are executed. Navisworks automatically scan the model and mark the location of the error or conflict.

Analysis and resolution of conflicts: once the inspection is complete, the cause and effect of the conflict may be further analyzed using Navisworks's analysis tool. And according to the analysis result, adopting corresponding solving measures.

Generating a report: navisworks can generate detailed inspection reports including information on the type, location, cause, etc. of the conflict. These reports may be shared with project teams to help them learn about and solve problems.

Through the steps, navisworks can help engineering project team to timely find and solve errors and conflicts in the model, and quality and efficiency of project supervision are improved.

6. Sharing and collaboration of models: real-time collaboration and information exchange among project team members are achieved through a cloud platform or BIM collaboration tool, preferably a BIM 360 sharing model. Ensuring that all have access to the latest model and project data.

Specifically, BIM 360 is a cloud platform for collaboration and sharing Building Information Models (BIMs) that can help team members share model data at different stages of a project. General procedure for sharing model using BIM 360:

Logging in BIM 360: the web page or application of BIM 360 is opened and logged in using a personal account.

Creating an item: a new item is created in BIM 360 and information such as the name, location, etc. of the item is set. The existing item may also be selected for addition.

Uploading a model: the model file selected for sharing may be Revit, navisworks or another format file. The model file is uploaded to BIM 360 via a drag and drop or upload button.

Setting access rights: and setting the access authority of the model according to the requirement. The model may be chosen to be private, only accessible to specific team members, or public, allowing access to all project members.

Sharing links: the sharing link of the generated model can be shared to project members in a mode of copying the link or generating the two-dimensional code. Through the links, others can access and view the model.

Accessing and viewing the model: item members may access the shared model by clicking on the shared link or scanning the two-dimensional code. They can use the view tool of BIM 360 to view the model and do labeling, measurement, etc.

Updating and synchronizing: if the model is updated, the new version may be uploaded in BIM 360. The project members may receive notification of the update and download the latest model files.

7. Application of the model: the BIM model can be used for a variety of purposes, including construction simulation, cost estimation, construction management, energy efficiency analysis, etc., as required by the project. By utilizing information in the model, project teams can make more informed decisions.

8. Maintenance and update: in the project construction process, the design change is updated according to the actual condition: when the engineering design is changed, the BIM model needs to be updated correspondingly. This includes updating information of building elements, spatial layout, material specifications, etc. to keep the model consistent with the actual design.

Updating the construction progress: along with the progress of engineering construction, the BIM model needs to update construction progress information in time to reflect the completion condition of actual engineering. This includes updating information such as the construction process, the construction period, the construction sequence, and the like.

Updating device information: if the engineering involves equipment installation, equipment operation and the like, the BIM model needs to update the information of the position, the state, the parameters and the like of the equipment in time so as to keep the model consistent with the actual equipment.

Updating material information: the BIM model needs to update information such as the type, the quantity, the specification and the like of materials in time so as to purchase, manage and use the materials.

Updating maintenance information: once the project is completed, the BIM model needs to update maintenance information, including maintenance plans, maintenance records, maintenance history, etc., in order to perform the operation and maintenance of the project.

The process of maintaining and updating the BIM model needs to cooperate with related parties, so that the accuracy of the model in time is ensured, and the efficiency of engineering management and operation is improved.

In the embodiment of the application, step 3, associating the BIM model with the blockchain comprises associating the basic data in the BIM model with the blockchain;

Each time the BIM model is modified or updated, the data change is recorded in the blockchain to form a tamper-proof data history record; through encryption key management on the blockchain, ensuring that only authorized users can modify the BIM model, and each participant has a unique identity; the identity information is encrypted by zero knowledge proof.

BIM is associated with blockchain technology, the primary purpose of which is to ensure the integrity and non-tamper-ability of model data.

Alternatively, model integration is typically achieved by:

1. defining a data structure: it is first necessary to ascertain which data in the BIM model needs to be associated with the blockchain. This includes, but is not limited to, design drawings, bill of materials, construction progress, maintenance records, and the like.

2. Selecting a blockchain platform: and selecting a proper blockchain platform according to project requirements. For example, ethernet (Ethereum) supports smart contracts that can be used to automate the execution of certain operations.

3. Developing intelligent contracts: an intelligent contract is a computer program that automatically executes the terms of the contract. In BIM integration, smart contracts can be used to automatically record each modification, update, or access to a model.

4. Data hashing and chaining: data in the BIM model is converted to hash values, which are then stored on the blockchain. In this way, the integrity and non-tamper resistance of the data is guaranteed even if the data is stored outside the blockchain.

5. Authentication and rights management: ensuring that only authorized users can modify the BIM model. This may be accomplished by encryption key management over the blockchain, with each user or party having a unique identity.

6. Updating and synchronizing in real time: each time the BIM model is updated, the relevant data changes are recorded in real time on the blockchain, ensuring that all parties can access the latest, untampered information.

7. Auditing and verifying: the blockchain provides a transparent data history record that can be traced back and validated every time the BIM model is modified. This is useful for resolving disputes, audits and compliance checks.

8. Interface and integrated development: interfaces with existing BIM software and tools are developed to facilitate user operations and data exchange. This may require custom development or use of existing APIs.

9. Testing and deployment: before the actual deployment of the project, thorough testing is required to be carried out, so that the stability and the safety of the system are ensured.

Through the steps, the BIM model and the blockchain technology can be effectively combined, the safety and the reliability of data are enhanced, and a transparent and non-tamperable working environment is provided for participants of the building project.

In the embodiment of the application, step 4, the engineering progress is monitored in real time, including monitoring the construction progress of the engineering in real time by utilizing a sensor technology, uploading the monitoring data to the blockchain, and checking the real-time data of the engineering progress by a supervision manager through the blockchain to ensure that the engineering is carried out according to a plan.

Alternatively, monitoring engineering progress in real-time requires the use of multiple sensor technologies to collect different types of data. These sensors can monitor information in various ways, from structural safety to construction progress, environmental conditions, etc.

Preferred sensor technologies are for example:

1. laser scanning (LiDAR): the laser scanning can generate a high-precision 3D model of the engineering site, and the high-precision 3D model can be used for monitoring the construction progress and ensuring the construction quality by comparing the high-precision 3D model with a preset BIM model.

2. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): the unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with the camera can shoot the engineering site from the air, gathers video and photo data. These data can be used to monitor the progress and safety of the job site.

An rfid sensor: by installing RFID tags on materials and equipment, their location and status can be tracked in real time, thereby monitoring supply chains and logistics, ensuring timely supply of materials.

4. Vibration sensor: vibration sensors can monitor the vibration of the structure and are useful for early identification of structural problems and safety risks.

5. Environmental sensor: the environmental sensor can monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and the like, which is important to ensure the safety of a construction site and the suitability of a working environment.

6. Optical fiber sensor: fiber optic sensors may be used to monitor the health of building structures, including deformation, cracking, stress, and the like.

7. Video monitoring system: the video camera can provide real-time images for monitoring the safety, construction quality and progress of workers.

8. Measuring instrument: conventional measuring tools such as distance meters, level gauges, and the like, while not as high-tech as other sensors, are still very useful in some cases for accurately measuring the progress of a particular section of construction.

9. Acoustic wave sensor: acoustic wave sensors can be used to monitor the curing process of concrete or detect defects inside the structure.

The sensor technologies can be independently used or comprehensively applied, and can be integrated into an intelligent system to realize real-time monitoring and management of construction progress. By applying the techniques, the construction efficiency can be improved, the construction quality can be ensured, and the problems can be found and solved in time.

In the embodiment of the application, a working time cost optimization algorithm is used for restraining and optimizing the engineering progress and resource allocation; calculating the working driving cost of each activity in the engineering progress, wherein the constraint function of the engineering progress is as follows:

∑w_i＝1

Wherein cost _crush is the total project driving cost, w _i is the weight of the calculated cost allocated for the ith activity, i is the activity in the project construction progress, k is the total number of activities, cost _i-norm is the normal cost spent by the ith activity, cost _i-emer is the emergency cost spent by the ith activity, time _i-norm is the normal time spent by the ith activity, and time _i-emer is the emergency time spent by the ith activity.

Optionally, the project construction progress generally includes the following links and activities:

Project starting: determining the targets and the ranges of the projects, compiling project plans and project rules, determining the time and resource constraints of the projects and the like.

Early preparation: performing project feasibility study and concept design, evaluating technical, economic and legal feasibility of the project, preparing detailed design and bidding documents of the project, and the like.

Sign and contract signing: and issuing a bid announcement, accepting the bid and evaluating the bid, selecting a proper contractor, and signing a contract.

The design stage: the detailed design is carried out according to project requirements, including building design, structural design, electromechanical design and the like.

Purchasing and supplying: and purchasing materials and equipment according to project requirements, so as to ensure on-time supply and meet quality requirements.

And (3) construction stage: and carrying out engineering construction according to the design drawing, including civil engineering construction, installation construction, debugging and the like.

And (3) quality control: quality inspection and quality control are carried out, so that engineering quality is ensured to meet design requirements and standards.

And (3) progress management: and tracking the construction progress of engineering, and timely adjusting resources and plans to ensure that projects are completed on time.

Cost control: project cost is monitored, and engineering construction is guaranteed to be completed within a budget range.

And (3) resource management: and the manpower, material resources and financial resources required by the project are effectively managed, and the smooth operation of the project is ensured.

Risk management: and identifying and evaluating project risks, and taking corresponding measures to control and deal with the risks.

Proctoring and checking acceptance: and (5) supervising the engineering construction process to ensure that the construction meets the specification and contract requirements. And checking and accepting after the engineering is finished, so that the engineering quality and functions are ensured to reach expectations.

The above is some links and activities of the construction progress of general engineering projects, and specific projects can be different, and corresponding adjustment and supplement are performed according to the characteristics and requirements of the projects.

Preferably, when the BIM model is applied, some optimization algorithms can be combined to improve the efficiency of supervision of each link of the engineering and the precision of data management, for example:

1. In the design auditing and change management link

The BIM model is used for carrying out collision Detection (Clash Detection) in the design stage, so that problems possibly occurring in construction are prevented. In addition, BIM can also efficiently manage design changes, ensuring that all interested parties work on the most current design.

Preferably, spatial analysis algorithms, such as collision detection algorithms, and version control algorithms are applied for handling design changes.

2. In the engineering progress management and construction simulation links

By combining the BIM model with the project progress plan, the construction process can be simulated, the construction scheme is optimized, the field resource conflict is avoided, and the project progress is monitored in real time.

Preferably, algorithms such as critical path methods or time to drive cost optimization are used to optimize engineering progress and resource configuration.

Preferably, the engineering cost problem in the engineering progress monitoring link generally includes:

Calculating the engineering quantity: and calculating the quantity of each project, such as the earthwork quantity, the concrete quantity, the steel bar quantity and the like according to the construction drawing and the specification requirement.

Calculating unit price: according to the contract and price index of the engineering project, calculating the unit price of each engineering, such as unit cost, labor cost, material cost, etc.

Total price calculation: the engineering quantity is multiplied by the unit price, and the total price of each engineering, including total cost, total labor cost, total material cost and the like, is calculated.

Budgeting: budgets for the engineering project are set according to requirements and limits of the engineering project, including budgets for various fees and total budgets.

Cost control: and according to the actual construction condition and the budget requirement, carrying out cost control of the engineering project, including comparison and analysis of actual cost and budget.

3. In the cost estimation and control link

Through the BIM model, the quantity list can be automatically extracted, and more accurate cost prediction and control are realized.

The material requirement is calculated mainly based on the attribute of the model element, and geometric calculation formulas such as volume, area and the like, and calculation of unit price and total cost of the material can be involved.

4. In the quality management link

And performing quality control by using the BIM model, including verifying whether construction quality meets design requirements, and performing vision and parameter inspection according to model accuracy and detail.

5. In the links of facility management and maintenance

The BIM model is useful not only in the building phase, but also plays an important role in the operation and maintenance phases of the building, providing detailed information on facility management.

Preferably, the calculation of facility management may include equipment life prediction, maintenance cost estimation, etc., which are typically based on manufacturer data and historical repair records.

6. In the resource management link

BIM technology can be used to optimize the distribution of materials, equipment and personnel, reduce waste and improve efficiency.

Preferably, the project risk is assessed using a resource optimization algorithm, such as a linear program or using monte carlo simulation.

The optimization algorithm is only related to the whole engineering monitoring process, and the optimization is required to be selected and adjusted correspondingly according to the characteristics and requirements of the project.

In the embodiment of the application, the step 5 of quality detection and acceptance comprises the steps of carrying out quality detection and acceptance on the engineering, recording the detection result and acceptance opinion in the blockchain, and checking the quality detection report and acceptance opinion of the engineering by a supervision manager through the blockchain to ensure that the engineering quality meets the requirements.

Optionally, the supervisory supervisor can implement details related to quality detection and acceptance of the project through the blockchain platform. Specific details include:

Quality detection report record: and recording all links and results of engineering quality detection and relevant evidence in a blockchain to ensure the authenticity and non-tamper property of data.

Acceptance opinion records: recording each link and opinion of engineering acceptance, including acceptance standard, acceptance time, acceptance result, etc. to ensure that engineering quality meets the requirements.

Blockchain sharing: the blockchain platform can realize sharing and transparency of information, and supervision personnel can check and verify the authenticity and accuracy of engineering quality detection reports and acceptance opinions at any time.

And (3) real-time monitoring: the blockchain platform can provide a real-time monitoring function, and supervision personnel can know the progress condition of engineering quality detection and acceptance at any time, and timely find and solve the problems.

Privacy protection: the blockchain platform can adopt a proper encryption algorithm to ensure the privacy and safety of sensitive information, and only authorized personnel can access and view related information.

By recording and sharing the engineering quality detection report and acceptance opinion through the blockchain platform, the efficiency and accuracy of supervision and supervision can be improved, the engineering quality is ensured to meet the requirements, and the quality risk and disputes are reduced.

Referring to fig. 2, there is shown an engineering supervision system based on blockchain and BIM according to an embodiment of the present application, the engineering supervision system including:

And the blockchain creation module is used for creating a blockchain special for engineering supervision in the blockchain network.

Step 1-6: monitoring the running state of the system, and updating and optimizing in time according to the feedback and supervision requirements of all the parties;

∑w_i＝1

Wherein costcrush is the total project driving cost, wi is the weight of the calculation cost allocated to the ith activity, i is the activity in the project construction progress, k is the total number of activities, costi-norm is the normal cost spent by the ith activity, costi-emer is the emergency cost spent by the ith activity, timei-norm is the normal time spent by the ith activity, timei-emer is the emergency time spent by the ith activity;

Optionally, the system further comprises:

Specifically, the display module in the engineering supervision and management system comprises the following contents:

and (5) project progress display: the progress of the project is displayed, including completed work, ongoing work and work to be completed, as well as predicted construction periods and milestone nodes.

And (3) resource allocation display: and displaying the allocation conditions of various resources in the engineering project, including the allocation conditions of human resources, material resources and equipment resources, and the utilization rate and the utilization efficiency of the resources.

And (3) quality detection and display: and displaying quality detection activities and detection results of engineering projects, wherein the quality detection activities and detection results comprise standard reaching conditions, existing problems and improvement measures of various quality indexes.

Risk management display: and displaying risk management conditions of the engineering project, including the identified risk, risk assessment results, risk coping strategies and execution conditions of risk control measures.

Fee control display: and displaying the cost control conditions of the engineering project, including comparison of budget and actual cost, itemized detail of cost and hyperbranched early warning.

And (3) communication collaboration display: and displaying the communication and collaboration conditions among engineering project team members, including meeting records, file sharing, task allocation and the like.

Through the display module, supervision and supervision personnel can comprehensively know the condition of the engineering project, discover problems in time and take corresponding measures, and ensure that the engineering project is carried out according to a plan and reaches an expected target.

Preferably, after BIM data is integrated with a blockchain technology, full-flow supervision and supervision are carried out on engineering projects, and supervision personnel can check and accept data by inquiring and reading related files.

Referring to fig. 3, a full flow supervisory supervision message for an engineering project is shown, in accordance with one embodiment of the present application. Including project information, start and end times of each phase, and activity, start time, end time, status, and remark information for each phase. Such json formatted output files may assist the supervisory manager in the tracking and management of project progress.

In this specification, identical and similar parts of the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the description is relatively simple for the embodiments described later, and reference is made to the description of the foregoing embodiments for relevant points.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should be included in the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An engineering supervision method based on blockchain and BIM, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

Step 4, monitoring the progress of the project in real time, wherein the monitoring of the construction progress of the project is realized by utilizing a sensor technology, monitoring data are uploaded to the blockchain, and a supervision manager checks the real-time data of the progress of the project through the blockchain to ensure that the project is carried out according to a plan; constraining and optimizing the engineering progress and the resource allocation by using a working-driving time cost optimization algorithm; calculating the working driving cost of each activity in the engineering progress, wherein the constraint function of the engineering progress is as follows:

∑w_i＝¹

2. The blockchain and BIM-based engineering supervision method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the creating a blockchain dedicated to engineering supervision includes:

3. The blockchain and BIM-based engineering supervision method of claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the BIM coordination tool is Navisworks, including:

importing the BIM model into Navisworks;

performing space alignment and position calibration on the imported BIM model;

Defining a checking rule;

analyzing the cause and effect of the conflict using an analysis tool Navisworks;

According to the analysis result, adopting corresponding solving measures; navisworks generate detailed inspection reports including type, location, reason of conflict;

The BIM collaboration tool shares a model for BIM 360.

4. The blockchain and BIM-based engineering supervision method of claim 1, wherein the data of the BIM model is uploaded into a blockchain network, and a supervision manager accesses a blockchain platform to execute an intelligent contract to check quality inspection reports and acceptance comments of engineering if authorized.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4,

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 4,

7. The engineering supervision method based on blockchain and BIM according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 further includes:

Step 5-2: the acceptance opinion records record all links and opinions of acceptance of the engineering, including acceptance criteria, acceptance time and acceptance results;

Step 5-3: blockchain sharing, and checking and verifying engineering quality detection reports and acceptance comments by supervision and supervision staff;

Step 5-4: and (3) monitoring in real time, checking the progress conditions of engineering quality detection and acceptance by supervision and supervision personnel, and finding and solving the problems in time.

8. An engineering supervision system based on blockchain and BIM for implementing an engineering supervision method based on blockchain and BIM as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the engineering supervision system comprises:

The monitoring module is used for monitoring the progress of the project in real time, including monitoring the construction progress of the project in real time by utilizing a sensor technology, uploading monitoring data to the blockchain, and checking the real-time data of the progress of the project by a supervision manager through the blockchain to ensure that the project is carried out according to a plan; constraining and optimizing the engineering progress and the resource allocation by using a working-driving time cost optimization algorithm; calculating the working driving cost of each activity in the engineering progress, wherein the constraint function of the engineering progress is as follows:

∑w_i＝1

9. The engineering supervision system based on blockchain and BIM according to claim 8,

The block chain creation module comprises the following steps of:

10. The blockchain and BIM based project supervision system of claim 8, further comprising: