CN118167570B - Wind turbine shafting centering detection method and system - Google Patents
Wind turbine shafting centering detection method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN118167570B CN118167570B CN202410581329.5A CN202410581329A CN118167570B CN 118167570 B CN118167570 B CN 118167570B CN 202410581329 A CN202410581329 A CN 202410581329A CN 118167570 B CN118167570 B CN 118167570B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
- F03D17/027—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the component being monitored or tested
- F03D17/031—Shafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
- F03D17/005—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics using computation methods, e.g. neural networks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
- F03D17/009—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
- F03D17/009—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose
- F03D17/015—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics characterised by the purpose for monitoring vibrations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The invention provides a centering detection method and system for a wind turbine generator system shafting, and belongs to the technical field of wind turbine generator system detection. The method for detecting the centering of the wind turbine shafting comprises the following steps: acquiring a vibration acceleration signal and a rotation speed signal of a measured shaft; analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft. The shafting centering detection result can be obtained more accurately. The device can rapidly, qualitatively and quantitatively perform centering detection, avoid the influence of air density, temperature and humidity and structural deformation in the operation process of a large-scale unit on measurement, and improve the accuracy and reliability of detection results.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine generator system detection, in particular to a wind turbine generator system shafting centering detection method and a wind turbine generator system shafting centering detection system.
Background
The transmission chain is an important component of the wind turbine, and the shafting of the transmission chain plays a role in transmitting torque among the impeller, the gearbox and the generator. For the wind driven generator with large-size flexible blades, the problems of unbalanced load, unbalanced air force and the like generated in the rotation process of the blades can possibly cause the misalignment of a shaft system, and further cause uneven dynamic load of a bearing and a gear transmission, so that the engagement faults of the bearing, a bolt, a coupler and gear teeth can be caused, the safety and the reliability of long-term operation of a unit are influenced, and therefore, the shaft system centering monitoring of the wind driven generator is very necessary. Shafting misalignment is classified as angular misalignment, parallel misalignment, and integrated misalignment.
The early shafting misalignment fault phenomenon of the wind turbine generator is hidden, the common vibration amplitude early warning cannot be perceived, the shafting alignment detection method of the wind turbine generator at present mainly relies on a laser type centering instrument to detect, but the laser beam is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as air density, temperature and humidity and the like and structural deformation of the wind turbine generator in the laser alignment measurement process, and the accuracy and reliability of detection results are not high.
Therefore, the existing shafting centering detection method of the wind turbine generator has the problem that the accuracy and reliability of the detection result are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a wind turbine generator system shafting centering detection method and a wind turbine generator system shafting centering detection system.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine, including:
Acquiring a vibration acceleration signal and a rotation speed signal of a measured shaft;
analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value;
based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained;
The centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft.
In the embodiment of the present application, the analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain the centering judgment feature value includes:
Determining to obtain the current rotating speed based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft;
Calculating an amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft based on the current rotating speed and a preset rated rotating speed;
Analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration orders by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value;
and obtaining a centering judgment characteristic value based on the first characteristic value and the second characteristic value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by using the order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value includes:
Determining the ratio of the sum of even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the tested shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value;
And determining the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication by adopting an order analysis method based on the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a second characteristic value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the determining, by using an order analysis method, a ratio of a sum of even-numbered frequency-doubled vibration amplitudes to a vibration amplitude of a rotation fundamental frequency of the measured shaft based on an amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft, to obtain a first eigenvalue includes:
Based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the detected shaft;
And calculating the ratio of the sum of the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude and the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the tested shaft based on the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the determining, by using an order analysis method, an average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiples on the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a second characteristic value includes:
based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain even frequency multiplication phase values of the rotating fundamental frequency of the detected shaft;
And calculating the average phase difference between even frequency multiplication based on the even frequency multiplication phase value to obtain a second characteristic value.
In the embodiment of the present application, the obtaining the centering detection result based on the centering determination feature value includes:
Comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;
comparing the second characteristic value with a preset second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result;
and obtaining a centering detection result based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result.
In the embodiment of the application, the first characteristic value comprises a plurality of axial amplitude ratio values and a plurality of radial amplitude ratio values;
Comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result, wherein the first comparison result comprises:
respectively calculating the average value of the axial amplitude values and the average value of the radial amplitude values to obtain an average axial amplitude value ratio and an average radial amplitude value ratio;
And comparing the average axial amplitude ratio and the average radial amplitude ratio with a preset first threshold value respectively to obtain a first comparison result.
In the embodiment of the application, the method for detecting the centering of the shafting of the wind turbine generator further comprises the following steps:
determining and obtaining a judgment standard value based on the centering detection result;
And determining to obtain a fault grade and/or maintenance suggestion based on the evaluation standard value and a preset range threshold value.
The second aspect of the application provides a wind turbine shafting centering detection system, which is used for realizing the wind turbine shafting centering detection method, and comprises the following steps: a data acquisition component and a data processing module;
The data acquisition component is used for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft and sending the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for carrying out shafting centering detection on the wind turbine generator based on the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, and comprises an acquisition module, a determination module and a detection module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring and collecting the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft; the determining module is used for analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; the detection module obtains a centering detection result based on the centering judgment characteristic value; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft.
In the embodiment of the application, the data acquisition assembly comprises an AD conversion module, and an axial vibration sensor and a radial vibration sensor which are arranged at two ends of a measured shaft;
The axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor are used for collecting analog vibration acceleration signals and sending the analog vibration acceleration signals to the AD conversion module;
the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog vibration acceleration signal into a digital signal to obtain a vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft.
According to the technical scheme, the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal of the detected shaft are obtained; analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft. The vibration order amplitude and phase are analyzed by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value, so that centering state judgment based on vibration order analysis can be realized. The centering judgment characteristic value respectively represents the misalignment degree and the misalignment type, so that the shafting centering detection result can be obtained more accurately. Based on vibration order analysis, the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order are comprehensively analyzed, the device is simple to install, the machine set does not need to stop, and quick qualitative and quantitative centering detection can be realized, so that the detection result of the shaft centering state can be quickly obtained on line. Based on vibration order analysis, the influence of air density, temperature and humidity and structural deformation in the running process of the large-scale unit on measurement can be avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of detection results are improved. The scheme is convenient to implement, and reduces the detection cost without installing equipment such as a laser centering instrument, a bracket or a strain gauge on the measured shaft body when the unit is stopped.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a flow chart of a method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a vibration sensor installation schematic according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates amplitude and phase extraction of fundamental and even multiples of a frequency for a frequency conversion in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the basic steps involved in a centering detection method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of the centering detection system components according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following describes the detailed implementation of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the application. The embodiment provides a method for detecting centering of a wind turbine shafting, which comprises the following steps:
step 210: acquiring a vibration acceleration signal and a rotation speed signal of a measured shaft;
In this embodiment, the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft may be obtained by a vibration sensor on the measured shaft. The rotating speed signal of the detected shaft can be obtained from a main control system of the unit. In the implementation, after the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft is converted into digital quantity, the digital quantity and the rotation speed signal of the detected shaft sent by the main control system of the unit are transmitted to the data processing module so as to obtain the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal of the detected shaft.
In some embodiments, in order to accurately acquire the vibration acceleration signal, an axial vibration sensor and a radial vibration sensor may be respectively installed at two ends of the measured shaft, where the acquiring the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft includes: and obtaining a vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft through the axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor.
In this embodiment, the axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor may be mounted by using a magnetic attraction base, and the vibration acceleration signals of the measured shaft are obtained by collecting voltage analog signals of the vibration accelerations of the measured shaft in the axial direction and the radial direction, and then performing analog-to-digital conversion. The installation of the specific vibration sensor can be determined according to practical situations, for example, please refer to fig. 2, and axial and radial vibration sensors can be respectively installed at two ends of the measured shaft to obtain vibration acceleration data. Specifically, vibration acceleration sensors A, B and C, D which are axially parallel to each other are respectively installed at both ends of a shaft to be measured (the main bearing and the gear box are perpendicular to the installation surface of the shaft to be measured), and vibration sensors a ', B', C 'and D' are installed at both ends of the shaft to be measured (the generator and the gear box are perpendicular to the installation surface of the shaft to be measured) if a high-speed shaft alignment state is detected.
The axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor are respectively arranged at the two ends of the detected shaft, so that an accurate vibration acceleration signal can be obtained, and accurate centering detection of the wind turbine shafting is facilitated.
Step 220: analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the tested shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the tested shaft;
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned order analysis is based on the rotation axis vibration order analysis, and the amplitude and phase of the vibration order are comprehensively analyzed. The centering judgment characteristic value comprises two characteristic values, one is used for judging the misalignment degree of the tested shaft, and the other is used for judging the misalignment type of the tested shaft, so that the detection result can be determined from the two directions of the misalignment degree and the type through the centering judgment characteristic value.
In some embodiments, to facilitate order analysis, the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal may be calculated first to facilitate extraction of amplitude and phase information. The vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal based on the measured shaft are analyzed by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining and obtaining the current rotating speed based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft;
In this embodiment, the current rotational speed may be determined from the rotational speed signal of the shaft under test.
Then, calculating an amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft based on the current rotating speed and a preset rated rotating speed;
In this embodiment, the preset rated rotation speed may be predetermined, the sampling frequency and the sampling time are set according to the current rotation speed and the rated rotation speed of the measured shaft, and then the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration sensor signal acquired in the sampling time are calculated by a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Taking the measured shaft shown in fig. 3 as an example, in the practical implementation, the data processing module is used for processing the current rotation speed of the measured shaft And rated rotational speedSetting a sampling frequencyAnd sampling time T, calculating amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of the A, B, C, D vibration acceleration sensor signal acquired in the sampling time T through a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, wherein:
。
Then, based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft, analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value;
in this embodiment, after the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis are obtained, the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order may be further analyzed, and specifically, the rotation fundamental frequency of the measured axis in the amplitude spectrum, the amplitude of the even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration component, and the corresponding phase value in the phase spectrum may be identified by the rotation speed signal. Namely:
In some embodiments, the analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by using an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value includes the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of firstly, determining the ratio of the sum of even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of a tested shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value;
Firstly, based on a rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying an amplitude spectrum of a vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain a rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and an even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the detected shaft;
And then, calculating the ratio of the sum of the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude and the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the tested shaft based on the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned identification of the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft refers to calculating the rotational frequency through the current rotational speed of the measured shaft, and then finding the corresponding rotational frequency and the frequency-doubled amplitude thereof in the amplitude spectrum, where the corresponding rotational frequency includes the fundamental frequency and the even frequency-doubled frequency, so as to obtain the rotational fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and the even frequency-doubled vibration amplitude of the measured shaft. The even frequency multiplication can find out whether the signal is clipped or not and deviate from the sine signal in a normal state, and because the higher harmonic wave represents the change of the signal form, the change of the signal form can be represented by calculating the sum of the vibration amplitudes of the even frequency multiplication, and the calculated first characteristic value can be used for judging the misalignment degree of the measured shaft.
The misalignment degree of the measured shaft can be effectively represented by calculating the ratio of the sum of the even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the measured shaft, and the misalignment detection can be accurately facilitated.
And a second step of determining an average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication by adopting an order analysis method based on the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain a second characteristic value.
Specifically, firstly, based on a rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying a phase spectrum of a vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain an even frequency multiplication phase value of a rotation fundamental frequency of the detected shaft;
And then, calculating the average phase difference between even frequency multiplication based on the even frequency multiplication phase value to obtain a second characteristic value.
In this embodiment, the above-mentioned identification of the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft refers to calculating the rotational frequency through the current rotational speed of the measured shaft, and then finding the corresponding rotational frequency and the frequency-doubled phase thereof in the phase spectrum, where the corresponding rotational frequency includes even frequency-doubled of the fundamental frequency, so as to obtain an even frequency-doubled phase value. The even frequency multiplication can find out whether the signal is clipped or not and deviates from the sine signal in a normal state, so that the state of signal morphology change can be represented by calculating the average phase difference between the even frequency multiplication, and the calculated second characteristic value can be used for judging the misalignment type of the measured shaft.
By calculating the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication, the misalignment condition of the measured shaft can be effectively represented, and the misalignment detection can be accurately facilitated.
Referring to FIG. 3, the data processing module determines the current rotational speed of the shaft according to the detected rotational speedAnd rated rotational speedSetting the sampling frequencyAnd sampling time T, calculating amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of A, B, C, D vibration acceleration sensor signal collected in sampling time T by means of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm, and using rotating speed signalIdentifying measured axis rotation fundamental frequency in amplitude spectrumEven number of multiplesThe amplitude values A1, A2 of the vibration component and the corresponding phase values Φ1, Φ2 in the phase spectrum are shown in fig. 3. Sampling frequency fs, rotation fundamental frequencySampling time T and even frequency multiplicationThe calculation method of (2) is as follows:
。
Then, the ratio of the sum of the vibration amplitudes of the even-numbered multiples to the vibration amplitude of the rotational fundamental frequency of the measured shaft and the average phase difference between the even-numbered multiples are calculated as the centering judgment characteristic value. The data processing module calculates the average phase difference of even frequency multiplication in the signals of the vibration sensors A and B, C and D 、And the ratio of the sum of the even-numbered multiplied amplitudes of the sensor A, B, C, D to the amplitude of the fundamental component、、And。
The phase difference and amplitude ratio calculating method comprises the following steps:
，
Wherein: ，，， The even doubled phase values of vibration sensor A, B, C, D, ，，，For the amplitude of the even multiple of vibration sensor A, B, C, D,For maximum calculation of the even order, it may be predetermined,，，AndIs the amplitude of the fundamental component of the vibration sensor A, B, C, D.
And finally, based on the first characteristic value and the second characteristic value, obtaining a centering judgment characteristic value.
Step 230: based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained;
In this embodiment, after the centering determination feature value is obtained, the centering state may be determined according to a logical combination of the centering determination feature value and the set threshold, and specifically, the first feature value and the second feature value may be respectively compared with the corresponding threshold, so as to obtain a final centering detection result.
In some embodiments, the obtaining the centering detection result based on the centering determination feature value includes the following steps:
firstly, comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;
in some embodiments, the first characteristic value includes a plurality of axial amplitude ratios and a plurality of radial amplitude ratios; comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result, wherein the first comparison result comprises:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, respectively calculating the average value of a plurality of axial amplitude values and the average value of a plurality of radial amplitude values to obtain an average axial amplitude value ratio and an average radial amplitude value ratio;
and secondly, comparing the average axial amplitude ratio and the average radial amplitude ratio with a preset first threshold value respectively to obtain a first comparison result.
Then, comparing the second characteristic value with a preset second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result;
and finally, based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result, obtaining a centering detection result.
In this embodiment, the first threshold may be a ratio threshold, the second threshold may be one or more angle thresholds, and both the first threshold and the second threshold may be preset. For example, the angle threshold is set to a1 and a2, the ratio threshold is set to b, and the phase difference can be obtainedSum amplitude ratioAnd respectively combining with the magnitude relation of the threshold values a1, a2 and b, and judging the centering state of the shaft, wherein the centering detection result comprises angle misalignment, parallel misalignment or comprehensive misalignment of the two. Specifically, the centering detection result can be obtained by determining the centering state judgment logic table, referring to the following table1, and combining a preset centering state judgment logic table after the first comparison result and the second comparison result are obtained.
Table 1 centering status determination logic table
And comparing the first characteristic value and the second characteristic value with corresponding threshold values respectively, so that a final centering detection result can be obtained rapidly and accurately.
In the implementation process, the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal of the detected shaft are obtained; analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft. The vibration order amplitude and phase are analyzed by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value, so that centering state judgment based on vibration order analysis can be realized. The centering judgment characteristic value respectively represents the misalignment degree and the misalignment type, so that the shafting centering detection result can be obtained more accurately. Based on vibration order analysis, the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order are comprehensively analyzed, the device is simple to install, the machine set does not need to stop, and quick qualitative and quantitative centering detection can be realized, so that the detection result of the shaft centering state can be quickly obtained on line. Based on vibration order analysis, the influence of air density, temperature and humidity and structural deformation in the running process of the large-scale unit on measurement can be avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of detection results are improved. The centering state detection efficiency based on vibration order analysis is high, the detection instantaneity is good, the centering state detection system is sensitive to early centering faults, and the angle misalignment, parallel misalignment and comprehensive misalignment states can be rapidly judged. The scheme is convenient to implement, and reduces the detection cost without installing equipment such as a laser centering instrument, a bracket or a strain gauge on the measured shaft body when the unit is stopped.
In some embodiments, the method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine further includes: and determining to obtain a fault grade and/or maintenance suggestion based on the centering detection result.
In this embodiment, after the centering detection result is obtained, a fault level or maintenance advice, or a combination of both, may be further determined. The specific steps can be as follows:
firstly, determining and obtaining a judgment standard value based on the centering detection result;
In this embodiment, the evaluation criterion value may be obtained based on the first feature value, that is, a difference value between the first feature value and the corresponding first threshold value is calculated.
And then, determining to obtain a fault grade and/or maintenance suggestion based on the evaluation standard value and a preset range threshold value.
In this embodiment, the preset range threshold may be a product of a preset failure level flag value and a preset first threshold. Such as: fault level flag valueAndThe first threshold isThe preset range threshold isAnd. And comparing the judging standard value with a preset range threshold value to determine the fault grade and the maintenance suggestion.
For determining the fault level, a fault level mark value is set, a judgment standard value is calculated through centering the detection result, and then the judgment standard value is compared with the product of the fault level mark value and a preset first threshold value to determine the fault level.
For example: in the above example, the fault level flag value is setAndThe centering detection result of the data processing module is displayed through the centering state display module, and if the centering state in the table 1 is abnormal, the centering state display module displays the data processing module according to the following conditionsOr (b)Exceeding a first thresholdPart of (2)And gives the corresponding failure level. Wherein, the standard value is judgedThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
Angle misalignment: ；
parallel misalignment: ；
Comprehensive misalignment: 。
The judgment strategy of the fault level is as follows: if 0< <The failure level is: slight misalignment; if it is<<The failure level is: are generally not centered; if it is>The failure level is: severe misalignment. Wherein, the case of comprehensive misalignment can be thatAndThe larger one is evaluated according to the evaluation strategy of the fault level, and the detailed evaluation process is not repeated here.
Accordingly, for the determination of the maintenance suggestion, after the above-mentioned evaluation standard value is calculated, the determination may be performed according to the maintenance suggestion policy, where the maintenance suggestion policy is: if 0<<The maintenance recommendation is: periodically detecting; if it is<<The maintenance recommendation is: continuously monitoring; if it is>The maintenance recommendation is: the centering is adjusted immediately. Wherein, the case of comprehensive misalignment can be thatAndThe larger one is evaluated, and the specific evaluation process is evaluated according to the maintenance recommended strategy, which is not described herein.
Accordingly, the fault level and the maintenance suggestion may be determined at the same time, and after the evaluation standard value is calculated, the fault level and the maintenance suggestion evaluation policy are as follows: 0<<-Slight misalignment-periodic detection;<< -general misalignment-continuous monitoring; > -severe misalignment-immediate adjustment of centering. To integrate the situation of misalignment to AndThe larger of these is evaluated as shown in table 2.
Table 2 fault level and maintenance recommendation evaluation strategy
In the implementation process, the fault grade and/or the maintenance suggestion are determined based on the centering detection result, so that the angle misalignment, parallel misalignment and comprehensive misalignment states can be rapidly judged, the fault grade detection and the maintenance suggestion are given, the unit transmission chain shafting is prevented from running in the misalignment state for a long time, and the running safety and reliability of the unit are ensured.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 schematically illustrates basic steps involved in a centering detection method according to an embodiment of the present application. Axial and radial vibration sensors are respectively arranged at two ends of a detected shaft to acquire vibration acceleration signals; and then converting the vibration acceleration signal into digital quantity and transmitting the digital quantity and the detected shaft rotating speed signal sent by the main control system of the unit to a data processing module. And calculating the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal, and extracting the rotation fundamental frequency of a detected shaft and the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude and the phase in the vibration acceleration signal. The calculated vibration acceleration signal section is obtained by sampling in real time by a data processing module according to the rotation fundamental frequency at the moment of calculation; calculating the ratio of the sum of the vibration amplitudes of the even frequency multiplication of the centering judgment characteristic value and the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the tested shaft and the average phase difference between the even frequency multiplication, judging the centering state according to the logic combination of the centering judgment characteristic value and the set threshold value, evaluating the centering fault level, and displaying the detection result and the maintenance suggestion. And setting a judgment strategy according to the range that the judgment standard value exceeds the set threshold value.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting shaft centering of a wind turbine generator system according to an embodiment. It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in sequence as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited to the order of execution unless explicitly recited herein, and the steps may be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in fig. 1 may include multiple sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, nor do the order in which the sub-steps or stages are performed necessarily performed in sequence, but may be performed alternately or alternately with at least a portion of other steps or sub-steps of other steps.
The embodiment provides a wind turbine shafting centering detection system, which is used for realizing the wind turbine shafting centering detection method, and comprises the following steps: a data acquisition component and a data processing module;
The data acquisition component is used for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft and sending the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to the data processing module;
the data processing module is used for carrying out shafting centering detection on the wind turbine generator based on the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, and comprises an acquisition module, a determination module and a detection module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring and collecting the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft; the determining module is used for analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; the detection module obtains a centering detection result based on the centering judgment characteristic value; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the measured shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the measured shaft.
The data acquisition assembly comprises an AD conversion module, and an axial vibration sensor and a radial vibration sensor which are arranged at two ends of the measured shaft, wherein the axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor are used for acquiring analog vibration acceleration signals and sending the analog vibration acceleration signals to the AD conversion module, and the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog vibration acceleration signals into digital signals to obtain the vibration acceleration signals of the measured shaft.
In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 5, fig. 5 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a module of a centering detection system according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, two ends of a detected shaft are respectively provided with an axial vibration sensor a, an axial vibration sensor B, a radial vibration sensor C and a radial vibration sensor D, an analog vibration acceleration signal is collected through the axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor, and then is converted into a digital signal through an AD conversion module, so as to obtain a vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, and then the vibration acceleration signal is sent to a data processing module, and meanwhile, the data processing module may also obtain a rotation speed signal of the detected shaft from a unit main control system, further analyze the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal of the detected shaft by adopting an order analysis method, obtain a centering judgment feature value, and obtain a centering detection result based on the centering judgment feature value. In the implementation, the centering detection result can be output to the centering state display module so as to display the centering detection result, and meanwhile, the fault grade judgment and the maintenance suggestion can be displayed. The data processing module may be a device or a chip having a data processing function, such as a computer, a CPU, etc.
In the implementation process, the centering detection system of the wind turbine generator system shafting comprises the data acquisition assembly and the data processing module, equipment such as a laser centering instrument, a bracket or a strain gauge is not required to be installed on the measured shaft body when the wind turbine generator system is stopped, the system is easy to debug, the system is built in a modularized mode, the detection efficiency is improved, and the detection cost and the economic loss are reduced. Meanwhile, the influence of air density, temperature and humidity and structural deformation in the running process of the large-scale unit on measurement can be avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of detection results are improved. The system is not limited by the installation space, is convenient to assemble and disassemble, can be reused, and can flexibly measure the centering state of the high-speed shaft and the low-speed shaft of the transmission chain.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are to be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The method for detecting the centering of the shafting of the wind turbine generator is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Acquiring a vibration acceleration signal and a rotation speed signal of a measured shaft;
analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value;
based on the centering judgment characteristic value, a centering detection result is obtained;
The centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the tested shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the tested shaft;
The vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal based on the measured shaft are analyzed by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value, and the method comprises the following steps:
Determining to obtain the current rotating speed based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft;
Calculating an amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft based on the current rotating speed and a preset rated rotating speed;
Analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration orders by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value;
based on the first characteristic value and the second characteristic value, obtaining a centering judgment characteristic value;
The method for analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value comprises the following steps:
Determining the ratio of the sum of even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the tested shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value;
based on the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, determining the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a second characteristic value;
the method for determining the ratio of the sum of the even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the measured shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft to obtain a first characteristic value comprises the following steps:
Based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the detected shaft;
calculating the ratio of the sum of the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude and the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the tested shaft based on the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value;
The phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected axis is determined by an order analysis method, and the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication is obtained, so that a second characteristic value is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps:
based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain even frequency multiplication phase values of the rotating fundamental frequency of the detected shaft;
And calculating the average phase difference between even frequency multiplication based on the even frequency multiplication phase value to obtain a second characteristic value.
2. The method for detecting the centering of the shafting of the wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the centering detection result based on the centering judgment feature value comprises:
Comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;
comparing the second characteristic value with a preset second threshold value to obtain a second comparison result;
and obtaining a centering detection result based on the first comparison result and the second comparison result.
3. The method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine according to claim 2, wherein the first characteristic value includes a plurality of axial amplitude ratio values and a plurality of radial amplitude ratio values;
Comparing the first characteristic value with a preset first threshold value to obtain a first comparison result, wherein the first comparison result comprises:
respectively calculating the average value of the axial amplitude values and the average value of the radial amplitude values to obtain an average axial amplitude value ratio and an average radial amplitude value ratio;
And comparing the average axial amplitude ratio and the average radial amplitude ratio with a preset first threshold value respectively to obtain a first comparison result.
4. The method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining and obtaining a judgment standard value based on the centering detection result;
And determining to obtain a fault grade and/or maintenance suggestion based on the evaluation standard value and a preset range threshold value.
5. A system for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine, configured to implement the method for detecting shafting alignment of a wind turbine according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising: a data acquisition component and a data processing module;
The data acquisition component is used for acquiring a vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft and sending the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to the data processing module;
The data processing module is used for carrying out shafting centering detection on the wind turbine generator based on the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, and comprises an acquisition module, a determination module and a detection module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring and collecting the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft; the determining module analyzes the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method based on the vibration acceleration signal and the rotating speed signal of the measured shaft to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value; the detection module obtains a centering detection result based on the centering judgment characteristic value; the centering judgment characteristic value comprises a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, wherein the first characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment degree of the tested shaft, and the second characteristic value is used for representing the misalignment type of the tested shaft; the vibration acceleration signal and the rotation speed signal based on the measured shaft are analyzed by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a centering judgment characteristic value, and the method comprises the following steps: determining to obtain the current rotating speed based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft; calculating an amplitude spectrum and a phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft based on the current rotating speed and a preset rated rotating speed; analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration orders by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum and the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured axis to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value; based on the first characteristic value and the second characteristic value, obtaining a centering judgment characteristic value; the method for analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the vibration order by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value comprises the following steps: determining the ratio of the sum of even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the tested shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value; based on the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft, determining the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication by adopting an order analysis method to obtain a second characteristic value; the method for determining the ratio of the sum of the even-numbered frequency multiplication vibration amplitudes to the vibration amplitude of the rotation fundamental frequency of the measured shaft by adopting an order analysis method based on the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the measured shaft to obtain a first characteristic value comprises the following steps: based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the amplitude spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the detected shaft; calculating the ratio of the sum of the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude and the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude of the tested shaft based on the rotation fundamental frequency vibration amplitude and the even frequency multiplication vibration amplitude of the tested shaft to obtain a first characteristic value; the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected axis is determined by an order analysis method, and the average phase difference between even-numbered frequency multiplication is obtained, so that a second characteristic value is obtained, and the method comprises the following steps: based on the rotating speed signal of the detected shaft, identifying the phase spectrum of the vibration acceleration signal of the detected shaft to obtain even frequency multiplication phase values of the rotating fundamental frequency of the detected shaft; and calculating the average phase difference between even frequency multiplication based on the even frequency multiplication phase value to obtain a second characteristic value.
6. The wind turbine shafting centering detection system of claim 5, wherein the data acquisition assembly comprises an AD conversion module, and an axial vibration sensor and a radial vibration sensor which are arranged at two ends of a detected shaft;
The axial vibration sensor and the radial vibration sensor are used for collecting analog vibration acceleration signals and sending the analog vibration acceleration signals to the AD conversion module;
the AD conversion module is used for converting the analog vibration acceleration signal into a digital signal to obtain a vibration acceleration signal of the tested shaft.
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