CN118160567B - A method for growing organic bacteria - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机菌种植方法，该方法利用有机共晶技术改善菌菇生长环境，通过精确控制培养条件，如温度、湿度、光照和pH值，显著提升菌菇生长效率和产量。该方法采用特定比例的硝酸钾、蔗糖、去离子水、镁硫酸盐和柠檬酸制备共晶培养基，并在菌丝体表面形成突起时调整条件以促进子实体发育。共晶培养基的制备过程包括超声破碎、结晶成核、离心分离和真空干燥等步骤。本发明的标准化培养流程适合大规模工业化生产。此方法适用于多种菌菇种植，展现出广泛的应用潜力。The present invention discloses an organic mushroom cultivation method, which utilizes organic eutectic technology to improve the mushroom growth environment, and significantly improves the mushroom growth efficiency and yield by precisely controlling culture conditions such as temperature, humidity, light and pH value. The method uses potassium nitrate, sucrose, deionized water, magnesium sulfate and citric acid in a specific proportion to prepare a eutectic culture medium, and adjusts the conditions to promote fruiting body development when protrusions are formed on the mycelium surface. The preparation process of the eutectic culture medium includes the steps of ultrasonic crushing, crystallization nucleation, centrifugal separation and vacuum drying. The standardized culture process of the present invention is suitable for large-scale industrial production. This method is applicable to the cultivation of a variety of mushrooms and shows a wide range of application potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom planting, in particular to an organic strain planting method.
Background
In China, the field of mushroom cultivation has undergone remarkable development in recent years, and becomes an important component in agricultural economy. With the increase of the demands of consumers for health foods and the favor of organic products, the mushroom is used as a food with rich nutrition and unique taste, and the market demands continue to rise. Domestic growers have employed a variety of modern techniques, such as the control of the environmental agriculture (CEA) system, and the use of biotechnology to improve seed production and quality. In addition, the large-scale and standardized production mode of mushroom cultivation is also continuously popularized, so that the requirements of the market on efficient and stable supply are met.
However, despite certain advances in the area of mushroom cultivation, challenges remain. First, the conventional mushroom planting method relies on natural environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, which limits the productivity and the stability of yield. Second, the growth of mushrooms is susceptible to insect pests, and overuse of chemical pesticides can pose potential risks to the environment and human health. In addition, the nutritional substrates required for the growth of mushrooms are generally derived from organic matter, such as crop residues, and the quality and availability of these substrates have a direct impact on the growth of mushrooms. Finally, resource utilization efficiency and environmental friendliness in the process of mushroom cultivation are also issues to be solved urgently, especially in the large background of pursuing sustainable development.
Although the domestic fungus mushroom planting field is developed rapidly, innovative technology is still needed to solve the problems, and the fungus mushroom production efficiency, stability and sustainability are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In summary, in order to meet the market demand, the invention provides an organic strain planting method, which aims to improve the growth environment of mushrooms through an organic eutectic technology and realize precise control of culture conditions, thereby remarkably improving the growth efficiency and yield of mushrooms. The method not only can reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides and reduce the environmental pollution risk, but also can improve the quality and consistency of the nutrient matrix and promote the sustainable development of the mushroom industry.
An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A1: inoculating selected fungus strain to eutectic culture medium under aseptic condition, and culturing at constant temperature under conditions of temperature of 22-28deg.C, relative humidity of 80-90%, illumination condition of 10.5-13.5 hr/day, and illumination intensity of 1900-3100 Lux; the eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of potassium nitrate, 85-95 parts of sucrose, 190-210 parts of deionized water, 8-12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4-6 parts of citric acid;
A2: monitoring growth condition every 10-12 hr, and maintaining the mycelium state without obvious change
The existing condition parameters are continuously cultivated;
a3: when white or light brown protrusions with a diameter of 0.8-2.2 cm appear on the surface of mycelium, the indicator
Forming solid, adjusting temperature to 18-24deg.C, and lighting for 7-11 hr/day, and other conditions
Parameters are unchanged, and culturing is continued;
a4: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 2.5-5.5 cm, the diameter of the fungus handle is 0.4-1.2 cm, and the color of fungus pleat or fungus tube is the same as that of the fungus cover
In the case of dark yellow or olive green, it indicates that the fruiting body is mature, the cultivation is stopped and picking is performed.
Preferably, the cultivation temperature in the step A1 is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 85%, the illumination condition is 12 hours/day, and the illumination intensity is 2500Lux.
Preferably, the eutectic culture medium in the step A1 consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid.
Preferably, the temperature in the step A3 is 21 ℃, and the illumination condition is 9 hours/day.
The method for planting the organic strain provides the optimal growth environment for the mushrooms by accurately controlling the culture conditions including temperature, humidity, illumination time and illumination intensity. In the step A1, the fungus mushroom strain is inoculated to a carefully proportioned eutectic culture medium under the aseptic condition, and the culture medium consists of potassium nitrate, sucrose, deionized water, magnesium sulfate and citric acid, so that nutrition and proper pH environment required by the growth of the fungus mushroom are ensured. By periodic monitoring every 10-12 hours, the culture conditions can be adjusted in time to accommodate the growth phase of the mycelium, as described in step A2. When protrusions of a specific size appear on the mycelium surface, i.e. signs of fruiting body formation, the development of fruiting body is promoted by adjusting the temperature and illumination time as described in step A3. Finally, according to the sizes of the fungus cover and the fungus handle and the color of the fungus folds or fungus tubes, the maturity of the fruiting bodies is accurately judged and timely picked as described in the step A4. The method not only improves the growth efficiency and yield of the mushrooms, but also ensures the quality of the mushrooms through fine management, and embodies the innovation and practicability of the invention in the field of organic strain planting.
Preferably, the preparation method of the eutectic medium in the step A1 is as follows:
B1: under the aseptic condition, 28-32 parts of potassium nitrate and 85-95 parts of sucrose are weighed, and the potassium nitrate and the sucrose are mixed
Respectively mixing with 190-210 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution are subjected to ultrasonic crushing for 20-40 minutes under the conditions of the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 190-210W, and then the two solutions are mixed, and are heated in a water bath for 1.5-2.5 hours under the conditions of the stirring speed of 950-1050RPM and the temperature of 35-45 ℃ to obtain
Mixing the solutions;
B2: cooling the mixed solution to 20-30 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic crushing for 20-40 minutes under the conditions of 20kHz and 90-110W of power so as to induce crystallization nucleation; at a power of 40-60
Ultrasonic crushing for 40-80 min under the condition of unchanged W and other condition parameters to promote the knot
Growing crystals;
b3: centrifuging the mixed solution for 8-12 minutes under the condition of the rotating speed of 7500-8500RPM to obtain eutectic precipitation; precipitating the eutectic at 45-55deg.C under pressure
Vacuum drying under 0.05-0.15 atm for 4-8 hr to obtain eutectic;
b4: adding 110-130 parts of wood chips into 190-210 parts of deionized water, soaking for 25-35 minutes, and filtering
Obtaining pretreated wood chips;
b5: mixing the eutectic crystal with the pretreated wood chip, adding 8-12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4-6 parts of lemon
Stirring citric acid until uniformity, adjusting pH=5.3-5.7, subpackaging according to 15-25 g/each standard, and autoclaving at 115-125deg.C under 0.95-1.15 atm for 10-20 min to obtain the eutectic culture medium.
Preferably, the ultrasonic power in the step B1 is 200W, and the ultrasonic crushing time is 30 minutes.
Preferably, the stirring speed in the step B1 is 1000RPM, the temperature is 40 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours.
Preferably, the mixed solution in the step B2 is cooled to 25 ℃, the ultrasonic crushing power for inducing crystallization nucleation is 100W, and the time is 30 minutes; ultrasonic disruption of the crystal growth was promoted at 50W for 60 minutes.
Preferably, the wood chips in the step B4 are 120 parts, and the soaking time is 30 minutes.
Preferably, the split-charging standard of the culture medium in the step B5 is 20 g/each.
The organic eutectic technique is a technique involving a crystal structure formed by non-covalent interactions of two or more organic molecules. The molecules are arranged in a certain proportion and geometry in the crystal lattice to form multicomponent crystals having specific physical and chemical properties. In the organic strain planting method, an organic eutectic technology is applied to preparing a eutectic culture medium, and components such as potassium nitrate, sucrose, magnesium sulfate, citric acid and the like are precisely proportioned, and uniform mixing and crystallization nucleation of the components in deionized water are promoted by utilizing ultrasonic energy. The eutectic culture medium not only provides necessary nutrient elements for the growth of the mushroom, but also can create a proper microenvironment by virtue of the unique crystal structure and chemical composition, and is beneficial to the expansion of mushroom mycelium and the development of fruiting bodies. Through the organic eutectic technology, the invention realizes the accurate control of physical and chemical properties of the culture medium, thereby remarkably improving the growth efficiency and yield of the mushrooms and showing great potential of the organic eutectic technology in modern agricultural application. The preparation method of the eutectic culture medium is carefully designed to ensure that the eutectic culture medium provides the fungus with optimal nutrition and growth environment. In the step B1, firstly, a proper amount of potassium nitrate and sucrose are weighed under the aseptic condition and mixed with deionized water to prepare a solution, and the process ensures the purity of the culture medium and the uniform distribution of nutrient components. Subsequently, with the aid of ultrasonication, the potassium nitrate solution and sucrose solution are mixed and heated to promote adequate dissolution and uniform mixing, creating favorable conditions for crystallization nucleation. In the step B2, the frequency and the power of ultrasonic disruption are precisely controlled to induce crystallization nucleation and promote crystallization growth, and the process is critical to the quality and the stability of the eutectic culture medium. And B3, obtaining eutectic precipitation through centrifugal separation, and then removing water in vacuum drying to ensure the drying and purity of the eutectic. In the step B4, the addition of the pretreated wood chips provides proper physical support for the growth of the mushrooms. Finally, in step B5, the co-crystals are mixed with the pretreated wood chips and magnesium sulphate and citric acid are added, the pH value is adjusted, the acid-base balance of the medium is ensured, and the sterility of the medium is ensured by autoclaving. The series of fine steps not only improves the bioavailability of the eutectic culture medium, but also obviously improves the growth efficiency and yield of the mushrooms by precisely controlling the preparation conditions, and embodies the innovation and the practicability of the invention in the field of organic strain planting.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. Optimized growth conditions: by precisely controlling environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, illumination, pH value and the like, an ideal growth environment is created for the mushrooms, so that the growth efficiency and yield of the mushrooms are improved.
2. Improving the nutrition utilization rate: the preparation method of the eutectic culture medium ensures even distribution and efficient utilization of nutrient components, so that the mushroom can better absorb the needed nutrition and promote healthy growth of the mushroom.
3. Enhancing disease resistance: the structure and chemical composition of the eutectic culture medium provide additional protection for the mushrooms, help to resist attack of diseases and pollutants, and reduce the risk of occurrence of diseases.
4. The product quality is improved: the culture medium prepared by the organic eutectic technology can provide a stable growth environment, so that the shape, size and color of the mushrooms are more consistent, and the market competitiveness of the final product is improved.
5. Environmental protection: the method reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, accords with the principle of organic planting, has small influence on the environment, and is beneficial to sustainable agriculture development.
6. Wide applicability: the method is not only suitable for a specific mushroom, but also can be adjusted according to specific requirements of different mushroom types, and has wide application prospects.
7. Potential for industrial production: the standardized culture flow and accurate parameter control make the method of the invention suitable for large-scale industrialized production, and are beneficial to improving the production efficiency and economic benefit of the fungus mushroom industry.
Detailed Description
In the following specific examples, the experimental methods are as follows:
Culture experiment of mushroom: the cultivation was carried out by the methods of each example and comparative example using Lentinus edodes, agaricus bisporus, boletus as an example, 10 media were inoculated in each method, and the total days required for the cultivation of the mushrooms from inoculation to maturation were recorded as growth cycles (days). When the mushrooms were mature, the weight of each fruiting body was measured and recorded, and the total yield (grams) of 10 media was calculated.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples. The specific embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed implementation modes and operation processes are given. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedure, in which no specific conditions are noted in the examples below, is generally carried out according to conventional conditions. Unless otherwise indicated, proportions and percentages are by weight.
Example 1
An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1: inoculating the selected fungus strain to a eutectic culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature under the conditions of 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 85%, illumination condition of 12 hours/day and illumination intensity of 2500 Lux; the eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid;
a2: monitoring the growth condition every 11 hours, and when the mycelium morphology has no obvious change, maintaining the existing condition parameters for continuous culture;
A3: when white or light brown protrusions with the diameter of 1.5 cm appear on the surface of the mycelium, indicating that the fruiting body forms, adjusting the temperature to 21 ℃ and the illumination condition to 9 hours/day, keeping other condition parameters unchanged, and continuing culturing;
a4: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 4 cm, the diameter of the fungus handle is 0.8 cm, and the color of the fungus pleat or fungus tube is dark yellow or olive green, the fruiting body is mature, the culture is stopped and the picking is carried out.
The preparation method of the eutectic culture medium in the step A1 comprises the following steps:
B1: weighing 30 parts of potassium nitrate and 90 parts of sucrose, and respectively mixing the potassium nitrate and the sucrose with 200 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution for 30 minutes under the conditions of the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 200W, mixing the two solutions, and heating in a water bath for 2 hours under the conditions of the stirring speed of 1000RPM and the temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
B2: cooling the mixed solution to 25 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic crushing for 30 minutes under the conditions of 20kHz frequency and 100W power so as to induce crystallization nucleation; ultrasonic crushing is carried out for 60 minutes under the conditions of 50W of power and unchanged other condition parameters so as to promote the growth of crystals;
b3: centrifuging the mixed solution for 10 minutes at a rotating speed of 8000RPM to obtain eutectic precipitation; vacuum drying the eutectic precipitate for 6 hours at 50 ℃ under the pressure of 0.1 atmosphere to obtain eutectic;
b4: 120 parts of wood chips are added into 200 parts of deionized water to be soaked for 30 minutes, and the pretreated wood chips are obtained after filtration;
B5: mixing the eutectic crystal and the pretreated wood chips, adding 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 5.5, subpackaging according to the standard of 20 g/each, and performing high-pressure sterilization for 15 minutes under the conditions of the temperature of 120 ℃ and the pressure of 1 atmosphere to obtain the eutectic culture medium.
Example 2
An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A1: inoculating the selected fungus strain to a eutectic culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature under the conditions of temperature of 22 ℃ and relative humidity of 80%, illumination condition of 10.5 hours/day and illumination intensity of 1900 Lux; the eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of potassium nitrate, 85 parts of sucrose, 190 parts of deionized water, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4 parts of citric acid;
a2: monitoring the growth condition every 10 hours, and when the mycelium morphology has no obvious change, maintaining the existing condition parameters for continuous culture;
A3: when white or light brown protrusions with the diameter of 0.8 cm appear on the surface of the mycelium, the fruiting body forms, the temperature is adjusted to 18 ℃, the illumination condition is 7 hours/day, other condition parameters are unchanged, and the culturing is continued;
a4: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 2.5 cm, the diameter of the fungus handle is 0.4 cm, and the color of the fungus pleat or fungus tube is dark yellow or olive green, the fruiting body is mature, the culture is stopped and the picking is carried out.
The eutectic culture medium in the step A1 consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid.
The preparation method of the eutectic culture medium in the step A1 comprises the following steps:
B1: weighing 28 parts of potassium nitrate and 85 parts of sucrose, and respectively mixing the potassium nitrate and the sucrose with 190 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution for 20 minutes under the conditions of the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 190W, mixing the two solutions, and heating in a water bath for 1.5 hours under the conditions of the stirring speed of 950RPM and the temperature of 35 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
B2: cooling the mixed solution to 20 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic crushing for 20 minutes under the conditions of 20kHz frequency and 90W power so as to induce crystallization nucleation; ultrasonic crushing is carried out for 40 minutes under the conditions of 40W of power and unchanged other condition parameters so as to promote the growth of crystals;
B3: centrifuging the mixed solution for 8 minutes under the condition of the rotating speed of 7500RPM to obtain eutectic precipitation; vacuum drying the eutectic precipitate for 4 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃ and the pressure of 0.05 atmosphere to obtain eutectic;
B4: adding 110 parts of wood chips into 190 parts of deionized water, soaking for 25 minutes, and filtering to obtain pretreated wood chips;
B5: mixing the eutectic crystal and the pretreated wood chips, adding 8 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4 parts of citric acid, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 5.3, subpackaging according to the standard of 15 g/each, and autoclaving for 10 minutes under the conditions of 115 ℃ and 0.95 atmosphere pressure to obtain the eutectic culture medium.
Example 3
An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1: inoculating the selected fungus strain to a eutectic culture medium, and performing constant temperature culture under the conditions that the temperature is 28 ℃, the relative humidity is 90%, the illumination condition is 13.5 hours/day and the illumination intensity is 3100 Lux; the eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 32 parts of potassium nitrate, 95 parts of sucrose, 210 parts of deionized water, 12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 6 parts of citric acid;
a2: monitoring the growth condition every 12 hours, and when the mycelium morphology has no obvious change, maintaining the existing condition parameters for continuous culture;
A3: when white or light brown protrusions with the diameter of 2.2 cm appear on the surface of the mycelium, the fruiting body forms, the temperature is adjusted to 24 ℃, the illumination condition is 11 hours/day, other condition parameters are unchanged, and the culturing is continued;
A4: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 5.5 cm, the diameter of the fungus handle is 1.2 cm, and the color of the fungus pleat or fungus tube is olive green, the fruiting body is mature, the culture is stopped and the picking is carried out.
The eutectic culture medium in the step A1 consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid.
The preparation method of the eutectic culture medium in the step A1 comprises the following steps:
B1: weighing 32 parts of potassium nitrate and 95 parts of sucrose, and respectively mixing the potassium nitrate and the sucrose with 210 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution for 40 minutes under the conditions of the frequency of 20kHz and the power of 210W, mixing the two solutions, and heating in a water bath for 2.5 hours under the conditions of the stirring speed of 1050RPM and the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
B2: cooling the mixed solution to 30 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic crushing for 40 minutes under the conditions of 20kHz frequency and 110W power so as to induce crystallization nucleation; ultrasonic crushing is carried out for 80 minutes under the conditions of 60W of power and unchanged other condition parameters so as to promote the growth of crystals;
B3: centrifuging the mixed solution for 12 minutes at a rotating speed of 8500RPM to obtain eutectic precipitation; vacuum drying the eutectic precipitate for 8 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃ and the pressure of 0.15 atmosphere to obtain eutectic;
B4: adding 130 parts of wood chips into 210 parts of deionized water, soaking for 35 minutes, and filtering to obtain pretreated wood chips;
B5: mixing the eutectic crystal and the pretreated wood chips, adding 12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 6 parts of citric acid, stirring uniformly, adjusting the pH value to be 5.7, subpackaging according to 25 g/each standard, and autoclaving for 20 minutes at the temperature of 125 ℃ and the pressure of 1.15 atm to obtain the eutectic culture medium.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the medium used is wheat grain medium, which is formulated of 75 parts of wheat grain powder and 100 parts of deionized water.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that the culture medium used is cotton seed hull culture medium, and the formula of the cotton seed hull culture medium comprises 85 parts of cotton seed hull, 15 parts of corn flour and 100 parts of deionized water.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the culture medium used is wood chip culture medium, and the formulation of the wood chip culture medium is 65 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of wheat grain powder and 100 parts of water.
Comparative example 4
An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A1: inoculating the selected fungus strain to a non-eutectic culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature under the conditions of 25 ℃ and relative humidity of 85%, illumination condition of 12 hours/day and illumination intensity of 2500 Lux; the non-eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid;
a2: monitoring the growth condition every 11 hours, and when the mycelium morphology has no obvious change, maintaining the existing condition parameters for continuous culture;
A3: when white or light brown protrusions with the diameter of 1.5 cm appear on the surface of the mycelium, indicating that the fruiting body forms, adjusting the temperature to 21 ℃ and the illumination condition to 9 hours/day, keeping other condition parameters unchanged, and continuing culturing;
a4: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 4 cm, the diameter of the fungus handle is 0.8 cm, and the color of the fungus pleat or fungus tube is dark yellow or olive green, the fruiting body is mature, the culture is stopped and the picking is carried out.
The preparation method of the non-eutectic culture medium in the step A1 comprises the following steps:
b1: weighing 30 parts of potassium nitrate and 90 parts of sucrose, and respectively mixing the potassium nitrate and the sucrose with 200 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; stirring and mixing the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution for 2 hours under the conditions of stirring speed of 1000RPM and temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
b2: cooling the mixed solution to 25 ℃, and then directly stirring and mixing for 90 minutes;
B3: standing the mixed solution at room temperature, and then performing centrifugal separation for 10 minutes to obtain a precipitate;
b4: mixing the precipitate with 120 parts of wood chips, and not carrying out the steps of soaking and filtering the pretreated wood chips;
B5: 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid are added, stirred until uniform, and after adjusting the pH=5.5, subpackaging is carried out according to the standard of 20 g/each, and autoclaving is carried out for 15 minutes under the conditions that the temperature is 120 ℃ and the pressure is 1 atmosphere, so that the non-eutectic culture medium is obtained.
The difference from example 1 is that the medium used is a non-eutectic medium.
Experiment 1
Cultivation experiments of mushrooms in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of experiments on culturing the mushrooms of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4
As shown in table 1, comparative examples 1 to 4 showed significant growth cycle and yield differences compared to examples 1 to 3. The wheat grain medium used in comparative example 1 mainly provided a carbon source, and lacked key nutrient elements such as potassium nitrate in the eutectic medium, which resulted in an extended growth cycle and reduced yield of mushrooms. The cotton seed hull medium of comparative example 2, while providing a carbon source and a nitrogen source, was insufficient in uniformity and availability of nutrients, reflected in a longer growth period and lower yield. The wood chip medium of comparative example 3 provides physical support but lacks sufficient soluble nutrients, which is why its yield and growth cycle are less than ideal than the examples. Comparative example 4, although approaching to the eutectic medium in formulation, lacks key steps such as ultrasonic crushing and pretreatment of wood chips, which affects physical and chemical properties of the medium, thereby affecting the growth environment of the mushrooms, resulting in shortening the growth cycle but not significantly improving the yield. These data underscores the rationality and effectiveness of the co-crystal medium formulation of the examples, providing balanced nutrition and optimized growth environment through precisely controlled formulation and preparation process, and significantly improving the growth efficiency and yield of mushrooms. The embodiment has the advantages of reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides, reducing the environmental pollution risk, improving the quality and consistency of the nutrient matrix and promoting the sustainable development of the mushroom industry.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An organic strain planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A1: inoculating the selected strain to eutectic culture medium, and culturing at constant temperature at 22-28deg.C under conditions of relative humidity 80-90%, illumination for 10.5-13.5 hr/day, and illumination intensity 1900-3100 Lux; the eutectic culture medium consists of the following components in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of potassium nitrate, 85-95 parts of sucrose, 190-210 parts of deionized water, 8-12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4-6 parts of citric acid;
The preparation method of the eutectic culture medium comprises the following steps:
B1: weighing 28-32 parts of potassium nitrate and 85-95 parts of sucrose, and respectively mixing the potassium nitrate and the sucrose with 190-210 parts of deionized water to prepare a potassium nitrate solution and a sucrose solution; carrying out ultrasonic crushing on the potassium nitrate solution and the sucrose solution for 20-40 minutes under the conditions of the frequency of 20 kHz and the power of 190-210W, mixing the two solutions, and heating in a water bath for 1.5-2.5 hours under the conditions of the stirring speed of 950-1050 RPM and the temperature of 35-45 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution;
B2: cooling the mixed solution to 20-30 ℃, and performing ultrasonic crushing for 20-40 minutes under the conditions of 20 kHz of frequency and 90-110W of power so as to induce crystallization nucleation; performing ultrasonic crushing for 40-80 minutes under the conditions of 40-60W of power and unchanged other condition parameters so as to promote crystal growth;
B3: centrifugally separating the mixed solution for 8-12 minutes under the condition of the rotating speed of 7500-8500 RPM to obtain eutectic precipitation; vacuum drying the eutectic precipitate at 45-55deg.C under 0.05-0.15 atm for 4-8 hr to obtain eutectic;
B4: adding 110-130 parts of wood chips into 190-210 parts of deionized water, soaking for 25-35 minutes, and filtering to obtain pretreated wood chips;
B5: mixing the eutectic crystal and the pretreated wood chips, adding 8-12 parts of magnesium sulfate and 4-6 parts of citric acid, stirring to be uniform, adjusting the pH value to be 5.3-5.7, subpackaging according to the standard of 15-25 g/each, and sterilizing under the conditions of the temperature of 115-125 ℃ and the pressure of 0.95-1.15 atm for 10-20 minutes to obtain the eutectic culture medium;
A2: when fruiting body with diameter of 0.8-2.2 cm appears on mycelium surface, culturing under conditions of 18-24deg.C, relative humidity of 80-90%, illumination condition of 7-11 hr/day, and illumination intensity of 1900-3100 Lux;
A3: when the diameter of the fungus cover is 2.5-5.5 cm and the diameter of the fungus handle is 0.4-1.2 cm, the fruiting body is mature, the culture is stopped and the picking is carried out.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation temperature in the step A1 is 25 ℃, the relative humidity is 85%, the light condition is 12 hours/day, and the light intensity is 2500 Lux.
3. The method for planting organic bacteria according to claim 1, wherein the eutectic medium in the step A1 is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of potassium nitrate, 90 parts of sucrose, 200 parts of deionized water, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and 5 parts of citric acid.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the step A3 is 21℃and the light condition is 9 hours/day.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic power in the step B1 is 200W and the ultrasonic disruption time is 30 minutes.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed in the step B1 is 1000 RPM, the temperature is 40 ℃, and the heating time is 2 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed solution in the step B2 is cooled to 25 ℃, and the ultrasonic breaking power for inducing crystallization nucleation is 100W for 30 minutes; ultrasonic disruption to promote crystal growth was 50W for 60 minutes.
8. The method for cultivating organic bacterial according to claim 1, wherein the wood chips in the step B4 are 120 parts and the soaking time is 30 minutes.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the split-charging standard of the culture medium in the step B5 is 20 g/g.
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