CN118148568B - Method for integrally sealing carbon dioxide and displacing and exploiting hydrate by ocean - Google Patents
Method for integrally sealing carbon dioxide and displacing and exploiting hydrate by ocean Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 304
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C=O VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical class C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 CO2 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000827703 Homo sapiens Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100233916 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) KAR5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
- C01B32/55—Solidifying
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/007—Underground or underwater storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
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Abstract
本发明属于环保领域,尤其涉及一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法,该方法利用海洋钻井平台和多分支水平井将二氧化碳注入浅海海底沉积层中,前期以天然气水合物置换开采为主,中期置换开采与二氧化碳封存兼顾,后期水合物衰竭后打开注入井另一分支,实现二氧化碳在枯竭水合物沉积层和深部咸水层中的封存。本发明提供的方法不仅能够实现海洋水合物的置换开采,收获一定的经济效益,并且能够在一定程度上避免水合物分解引起的地层沉降和出砂问题,同时后期在深部咸水层中对二氧化碳进行封存,节约了单独建造封存设备的成本,解决了水合物沉积层封存量小和封存效率不高的问题,实现水合物置换开采与二氧化碳沉积层封存的一体化双赢。
The present invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular, relates to a method for integrating marine carbon dioxide storage and replacement exploitation of hydrates. The method uses an offshore drilling platform and a multi-branch horizontal well to inject carbon dioxide into a shallow seabed sedimentary layer. In the early stage, natural gas hydrate replacement exploitation is the main method, and in the mid-term, replacement exploitation and carbon dioxide storage are taken into account. After the hydrate is exhausted in the later stage, another branch of the injection well is opened to realize the storage of carbon dioxide in the depleted hydrate sedimentary layer and the deep saline layer. The method provided by the present invention can not only realize the replacement exploitation of marine hydrates and reap certain economic benefits, but also avoid the formation settlement and sand production problems caused by hydrate decomposition to a certain extent. At the same time, carbon dioxide is stored in the deep saline layer in the later stage, saving the cost of building a separate storage equipment, solving the problems of small storage capacity and low storage efficiency of hydrate sedimentary layer, and realizing the integrated win-win situation of hydrate replacement exploitation and carbon dioxide sedimentary layer storage.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于环保领域,尤其涉及一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法。The present invention belongs to the field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a method for integrating marine carbon dioxide storage with replacement and hydrate exploitation.
背景技术Background technique
为缓解全球变暖问题,二氧化碳减排是世界各国普遍关注的焦点之一,碳捕集与封存技术是实现二氧化碳减排的有效手段。目前,全球开展的二氧化碳封存工作主要在咸水层或废弃油气藏进行,其主要思路是将捕集分离后的二氧化碳气体压缩至超临界状态后通过管道注入到地下具备封存条件的地层中,并依靠地质结构(包括深部咸水层、枯竭油气藏和深部不可开采煤层等)进行永久性封存,一般是封存在深度大于800 m的地层,此时地下的温压条件被认为可以使二氧化碳保持超临界状态。In order to alleviate the problem of global warming, carbon dioxide emission reduction is one of the focuses of universal concern in all countries in the world, and carbon capture and storage technology is an effective means to achieve carbon dioxide emission reduction. At present, the carbon dioxide storage work carried out globally is mainly carried out in saline aquifers or abandoned oil and gas reservoirs. The main idea is to compress the captured and separated carbon dioxide gas to a supercritical state and then inject it into underground strata with storage conditions through pipelines, and rely on geological structures (including deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and deep unminable coal seams, etc.) for permanent storage. Generally, it is sealed in strata with a depth greater than 800 m. At this time, the temperature and pressure conditions underground are believed to keep carbon dioxide in a supercritical state.
海洋CCUS是将CO2直接注入深海海水或海底沉积层,深海海水受温度、压力和洋流等影响较大,封存在海水中的CO2可能会逃逸出来导致局部海水酸化或重新释放到大气中,风险较大。相比之下,将CO2注入到海底沉积层中,由于深海地质条件属于高压低温,CO2可与水形成固态水合物,要比液态或溶解态形式封存更稳定,不容易发生泄漏,同时海水可提供额外保护作用,进一步降低了泄露风险和对盖层封闭性的要求。因此海底沉积层是一种比较合适的封存场地。海底沉积层可以分为咸水层、油气藏和水合物沉积层,其中水合物沉积层埋深较浅,在控制封存成本上具有较大优势,且注入水合物沉积层的CO2可以置换开采水合物,获得一定的收益,实现CO2封存与CH4开采的双赢,是一种潜力巨大的CO2封存技术。此外二氧化碳置换开采与其他水合物开采方法相比,二氧化碳水合物会替代甲烷水合物对沉积物颗粒进行胶结,一定程度上避免了地层沉降,保证了安全。Marine CCUS is to inject CO2 directly into deep seawater or submarine sediments. Deep seawater is greatly affected by temperature, pressure and ocean currents. CO2 stored in seawater may escape and cause local seawater acidification or be released back into the atmosphere, which is risky. In contrast, when CO2 is injected into submarine sediments, due to the high pressure and low temperature of deep sea geological conditions, CO2 can form solid hydrates with water, which is more stable than liquid or dissolved forms and is not prone to leakage. At the same time, seawater can provide additional protection, further reducing the risk of leakage and the requirements for the sealing of the caprock. Therefore, submarine sediments are a more suitable storage site. Submarine sediments can be divided into saline layers, oil and gas reservoirs and hydrate sediments. Among them, hydrate sediments are shallow in depth and have a greater advantage in controlling storage costs. In addition, CO2 injected into hydrate sediments can replace the exploited hydrates, obtain certain benefits, and achieve a win-win situation of CO2 storage and CH4 exploitation. It is a CO2 storage technology with great potential. In addition, compared with other hydrate mining methods, carbon dioxide replacement mining will use carbon dioxide hydrates to replace methane hydrates to cement sediment particles, thus avoiding formation subsidence to a certain extent and ensuring safety.
申请号为201710324606.4的中国发明专利公开了一种二氧化碳地质封存结构和封存方法,将二氧化碳注入地下300-500米废弃的油气田等井区,生成固态二氧化碳水合物,实现地质封存。但是该方法的结构简单,没有整体的注入封存系统和装备,且只涉及单一废弃油气田封存,不适用于在天然气水合物沉积层和深部咸水层中封存。The Chinese invention patent with application number 201710324606.4 discloses a carbon dioxide geological storage structure and storage method, which injects carbon dioxide into abandoned oil and gas fields and other well areas 300-500 meters underground to generate solid carbon dioxide hydrates to achieve geological storage. However, this method has a simple structure, no overall injection and storage system and equipment, and only involves the storage of a single abandoned oil and gas field, and is not suitable for storage in natural gas hydrate sediments and deep saline water layers.
申请号为201911206188.4的中国发明专利公开了一种水合物法海底封存二氧化碳的实验装置及方法,能够模拟二氧化碳在海底沉积物中的扩散以及水合物形成等一维动力学过程,了解二氧化碳在海底地层封存过程中的一般规律和运移机理。该专利公布的内容仅限于实验装置本身,只涉及在实验室中模拟二氧化碳注入高压反应釜后的气体水合物形成过程,且高压反应釜模拟的为海底沉积物,并非天然气水合物沉积层。The Chinese invention patent with application number 201911206188.4 discloses an experimental device and method for storing carbon dioxide on the seafloor by hydrate method, which can simulate the diffusion of carbon dioxide in seafloor sediments and one-dimensional kinetic processes such as hydrate formation, and understand the general laws and migration mechanisms of carbon dioxide in the process of storing carbon dioxide in seafloor formations. The content published in this patent is limited to the experimental device itself, and only involves the simulation of the gas hydrate formation process after carbon dioxide is injected into a high-pressure reactor in the laboratory, and the high-pressure reactor simulates seafloor sediments, not natural gas hydrate sediments.
申请号为202310149129.8的中国发明专利公开了一种在甲烷水合物储层封存二氧化碳的实验模拟装置,能够模拟甲烷水合物储层地层环境,以及二氧化碳在沉积物层的扩散、水合物形成以及封存情况,但公布内容也仅限于实验模拟装置,对于实际二氧化碳封存工程的设计没有很大帮助,无法直接应用。The Chinese invention patent with application number 202310149129.8 discloses an experimental simulation device for storing carbon dioxide in a methane hydrate reservoir. It can simulate the formation environment of the methane hydrate reservoir, as well as the diffusion, hydrate formation and storage of carbon dioxide in the sediment layer. However, the published content is limited to the experimental simulation device, which is not very helpful for the design of actual carbon dioxide storage projects and cannot be directly applied.
申请号为202210634156.X的中国发明专利公开了一种二氧化碳封存方法,该方法将灌满高浓度盐水的二氧化碳储存容器置于不小于3000米深度的海水中,将液态二氧化碳通过输送管道注入储存容器中,利用溢出容器的CO2与海水接触生成CO2水合物封堵容器的进液管和排液管实现水合物封存。该方法对二氧化碳储存容器的建造和下放要求都很高,相应的成本也高且没有收益,实用性不高。The Chinese invention patent with application number 202210634156.X discloses a carbon dioxide storage method, which places a carbon dioxide storage container filled with high-concentration salt water in seawater at a depth of not less than 3,000 meters, injects liquid carbon dioxide into the storage container through a delivery pipeline, and uses the CO2 overflowing the container to contact with seawater to generate CO2 hydrates to block the liquid inlet and outlet pipes of the container to achieve hydrate storage. This method has high requirements for the construction and lowering of carbon dioxide storage containers, and the corresponding cost is also high and there is no benefit, so it is not very practical.
申请号为202310162515.0的中国发明专利公开了一种开采天然气水合物和封存二氧化碳的方法,先将氮气注入待开采区域的天然气水合物储层中,驱替储层孔隙流体,待水合物采空后停止注入氮气,改注二氧化碳进行封存。该方法没有考虑水合物储层渗透率低且松散,水合物采空后沉积层会由于失去胶结而发生沉降甚至坍塌,将无法进行后续二氧化碳注入工作,可行性有待考究。The Chinese invention patent with application number 202310162515.0 discloses a method for exploiting natural gas hydrates and storing carbon dioxide. Nitrogen is first injected into the natural gas hydrate reservoir in the area to be exploited to displace the reservoir pore fluid. After the hydrates are exhausted, the nitrogen injection is stopped and carbon dioxide is injected instead for storage. This method does not take into account the low permeability and looseness of the hydrate reservoir. After the hydrates are exhausted, the sedimentary layer will settle or even collapse due to the loss of cementation, and subsequent carbon dioxide injection will be impossible. The feasibility needs to be studied.
申请号为202320945134.5的中国发明专利公开了一种用于海底咸水层封存二氧化碳的同井抽注系统,通过注气分支井和抽水分支井形成双水平井结构,并设置储层监测系统监测咸水层的压力和地层破裂压力,实现二氧化碳的快速封存。但是现有海上平台和井的目标层均不是咸水层,需要单独钻井,大幅增加了封存成本,可行性不高。The Chinese invention patent with application number 202320945134.5 discloses a system for extracting and injecting carbon dioxide in a submarine saline layer. The system forms a double horizontal well structure by using gas injection branch wells and water extraction branch wells, and sets up a reservoir monitoring system to monitor the pressure of the saline layer and the formation fracture pressure, so as to achieve rapid storage of carbon dioxide. However, the target layers of existing offshore platforms and wells are not saline layers, and separate drilling is required, which greatly increases the storage cost and is not feasible.
目前,大部分二氧化碳封存方案仍停留在实验阶段,没有针对海底沉积层封存二氧化碳的系统方法和设备,无法直接应用。并且少有的几个针对海底沉积层封存二氧化碳的方法只涉及在单一沉积层或海水中进行,可行性和实用性不高,同时存在以下问题:一方面,只在水合物沉积层中封存效率不高且封存量有限;另一方面,只在海底咸水层中封存可能需要专门建造封存装置,成本高。阻碍了大规模海底沉积层封存二氧化碳工作的开展。At present, most CO2 storage schemes are still in the experimental stage. There are no systematic methods and equipment for storing CO2 in seafloor sediments, so they cannot be directly applied. In addition, the few methods for storing CO2 in seafloor sediments only involve a single sediment layer or seawater, which is not feasible and practical. There are also the following problems: On the one hand, the efficiency of storing CO2 only in hydrate sediments is not high and the storage volume is limited; on the other hand, storing CO2 only in seafloor saline layers may require the construction of special storage equipment, which is costly. This has hindered the development of large-scale storage of CO2 in seafloor sediments.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法,该方法不仅能够实现海洋水合物的置换开采,收获一定的经济效益,并且能够在一定程度上避免水合物分解引起的地层沉降和出砂问题,同时后期在深部咸水层中对二氧化碳进行封存,节约了单独建造封存设备的成本,解决了封存量小和封存效率不高的问题,实现水合物置换开采与二氧化碳沉积层封存的一体化双赢。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for integrating marine carbon dioxide storage and replacement hydrate exploitation, which method can not only realize the replacement exploitation of marine hydrates and reap certain economic benefits, but also can avoid the formation subsidence and sand production problems caused by hydrate decomposition to a certain extent. At the same time, carbon dioxide is stored in deep saline layers at a later stage, saving the cost of building a separate storage equipment, solving the problems of small storage volume and low storage efficiency, and realizing the integrated win-win situation of hydrate replacement exploitation and carbon dioxide sediment storage.
本发明提供了一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法,包括以下步骤:The present invention provides a method for integrating marine carbon dioxide storage and hydrate replacement exploitation, comprising the following steps:
S1)捕集运输二氧化碳:从二氧化碳排放源处捕集的二氧化碳通过陆上管道和海上漂浮软管输送到海洋钻采平台;所述海洋钻采平台设置有注入井和生产井;其中,所述注入井包括两个分支,第一分支向下深入到地层的海底水合物沉积层,第二分支进一步向下深入到地层的深部咸水层,所述第一分支和第二分支之间设置有封隔器;所述生产井向下深入到地层的海底水合物沉积层,位于注入井第一分支的上方;S1) Capture and transport of carbon dioxide: The carbon dioxide captured from the carbon dioxide emission source is transported to the offshore drilling platform through onshore pipelines and offshore floating hoses; the offshore drilling platform is provided with an injection well and a production well; wherein the injection well includes two branches, the first branch goes down to the seabed hydrate deposit layer of the formation, and the second branch goes down further to the deep saline layer of the formation, and a packer is provided between the first branch and the second branch; the production well goes down to the seabed hydrate deposit layer of the formation, and is located above the first branch of the injection well;
S2)二氧化碳置换开采天然气水合物:根据目标区温度压力条件,在海洋钻采平台上对输送来的二氧化碳进行加压加热,随后二氧化碳通过海洋钻采平台的注入井第一分支注入海底水合物沉积层中,二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层中的甲烷水合物进行反应,将甲烷分子置换出来,之后置换出来的甲烷分子经由生产井流向海洋钻采平台;S2) Carbon dioxide replacement for natural gas hydrate exploitation: According to the temperature and pressure conditions of the target area, the transported carbon dioxide is pressurized and heated on the offshore drilling platform, and then the carbon dioxide is injected into the seabed hydrate sediment layer through the first branch of the injection well of the offshore drilling platform. The carbon dioxide reacts with the methane hydrate in the seabed hydrate sediment layer to replace the methane molecules, and then the replaced methane molecules flow to the offshore drilling platform through the production well;
S3)水合物沉积层封存:继续向海底水合物沉积层中注入二氧化碳,一部分二氧化碳继续与海底水合物沉积层中的甲烷水合物发生置换,另一部分二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层孔隙中的水形成固态二氧化碳水合物,实现二氧化碳的封存;S3) Storage in hydrate sediments: Continue to inject carbon dioxide into the seabed hydrate sediments. Part of the carbon dioxide continues to replace the methane hydrate in the seabed hydrate sediments, and the other part of the carbon dioxide forms solid carbon dioxide hydrate with the water in the pores of the seabed hydrate sediments to achieve carbon dioxide storage;
S4)深部咸水层封存:当海底水合物沉积层中的甲烷水合物置换开采结束后,打开海洋钻采平台注入井的封隔器,继续注入二氧化碳,控制注入压力,实现二氧化碳在深部咸水层中的封存;S4) Storage in deep saline water layers: When the replacement exploitation of methane hydrate in the seabed hydrate sediment layer is completed, the packer of the injection well of the offshore drilling and production platform is opened, and carbon dioxide is continuously injected while controlling the injection pressure to achieve the storage of carbon dioxide in deep saline water layers;
S5)关井:监测地层压力,当地层压力恢复至初始地层压力后,停止注入二氧化碳,关闭海洋钻采平台的注入井,完成二氧化碳封存与水合物开采一体化工程。S5) Well shut-in: Monitor the formation pressure. When the formation pressure returns to the initial formation pressure, stop injecting carbon dioxide and close the injection wells of the offshore drilling and production platform to complete the integrated project of carbon dioxide storage and hydrate extraction.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S1)中,注入井第一分支优选在海底水合物沉积层中沿水平方向延伸,其水平段上设置有射孔;注入井第二分支优选在深部咸水层中沿水平方向延伸,其水平段上设置有射孔;生产井优选在海底水合物沉积层中沿水平方向延伸,其水平段上设置有射孔。In the method provided by the present invention, in step S1), the first branch of the injection well preferably extends horizontally in the seabed hydrate sediment layer, and perforations are arranged on its horizontal section; the second branch of the injection well preferably extends horizontally in the deep saline water layer, and perforations are arranged on its horizontal section; the production well preferably extends horizontally in the seabed hydrate sediment layer, and perforations are arranged on its horizontal section.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S2)中,二氧化碳置换甲烷气体后以固态二氧化碳水合物的形式封存于原来水合物赋存的孔隙中,并对海底水合物沉积层中的颗粒起一定的胶结作用。In the method provided by the present invention, in step S2), carbon dioxide replaces methane gas and is sealed in the pores where the hydrate originally existed in the form of solid carbon dioxide hydrate, and plays a certain cementing role on the particles in the seabed hydrate sediment layer.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S2)优选包括以下过程:In the method provided by the present invention, step S2) preferably includes the following process:
S21)确定目标区甲烷水合物赋存区域的温度压力条件,根据二氧化碳水合物和甲烷水合物的相平衡条件计算注入温度压力的范围;S21) determining the temperature and pressure conditions of the methane hydrate occurrence area in the target area, and calculating the injection temperature and pressure range based on the phase equilibrium conditions of carbon dioxide hydrate and methane hydrate;
S22)在海洋钻采平台上对二氧化碳进行加热加压,使其温度和压力值在所述注入温度压力的范围内,随后二氧化碳通过海洋钻采平台的注入井第一分支注入海底水合物沉积层;S22) heating and pressurizing the carbon dioxide on the offshore drilling platform so that its temperature and pressure values are within the injection temperature and pressure range, and then injecting the carbon dioxide into the seabed hydrate sediment layer through the first branch of the injection well of the offshore drilling platform;
S23)二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层中的甲烷水合物进行反应,将甲烷分子置换出来。S23) Carbon dioxide reacts with methane hydrates in seafloor hydrate sediments, displacing methane molecules.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S2)优选还包括以下过程:In the method provided by the present invention, step S2) preferably also includes the following process:
S24)甲烷气体和过量的二氧化碳向上运移并通过海洋钻采平台的生产井产出,随气体流向生产井的沉积层颗粒通过设置在生产井套管处的防砂装置留在地层中,产出的气体在海洋钻采平台进行初步分离,将过量的二氧化碳重新加热加压回注至海底水合物沉积层。S24) Methane gas and excess carbon dioxide migrate upward and are produced through the production wells of the offshore drilling platform. The sediment particles that flow with the gas to the production well are retained in the formation by the sand control device installed at the casing of the production well. The produced gas is initially separated on the offshore drilling platform, and the excess carbon dioxide is reheated and pressurized to be injected back into the seabed hydrate deposits.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S3)中,注入海底水合物沉积层的一部分二氧化碳通过置换反应形成固态水合物,另一部分与地层水形成固态水合物实现封存。In the method provided by the present invention, in step S3), a portion of the carbon dioxide injected into the seabed hydrate sediment layer forms solid hydrate through replacement reaction, and the other portion forms solid hydrate with formation water to achieve storage.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S4)优选包括以下过程:In the method provided by the present invention, step S4) preferably includes the following process:
S41)在海洋钻采平台的生产井井口进行气体检测,当甲烷气体含量低于期望值时,打开海洋钻采平台注入井的封隔器;S41) Perform gas detection at the wellhead of the production well of the offshore drilling and production platform. When the methane gas content is lower than the expected value, open the packer of the injection well of the offshore drilling and production platform;
S42)打开封隔器后,一部分二氧化碳将继续流入海底水合物沉积层,与海底水合物沉积层孔隙水形成固态水合物,另一部分二氧化碳流入下部的深部咸水层中进行封存;S42) After the packer is opened, part of the CO2 will continue to flow into the submarine hydrate sediment layer and form solid hydrate with the pore water of the submarine hydrate sediment layer, while the other part of the CO2 will flow into the deep saline water layer below for storage;
S43)当海底水合物沉积层压力恢复至初始状态时,关闭该层段的注入井第一分支和生产井,只向深部咸水层的注入井第二分支注入二氧化碳,并控制注入压力。S43) When the pressure of the seabed hydrate sediment layer returns to its initial state, the first branch of the injection well and the production well in this layer are closed, and only carbon dioxide is injected into the second branch of the injection well in the deep saline layer, and the injection pressure is controlled.
在本发明提供的方法中,步骤S2)~S4)中,二氧化碳的注入压力需要根据目标区的地层压力进行调整;若封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物的地点为琼东南地区,则二氧化碳的注入压力优选为20000~30000kPa,具体可为25000kPa。In the method provided by the present invention, in steps S2) to S4), the injection pressure of carbon dioxide needs to be adjusted according to the formation pressure of the target area; if the location for storing carbon dioxide and replacing hydrate production is the southeastern area of Qiong, the injection pressure of carbon dioxide is preferably 20000~30000kPa, specifically 25000kPa.
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法,该方法利用海洋钻井平台和多分支水平井将二氧化碳注入浅海海底沉积层中,前期以天然气水合物置换开采为主,中期置换开采与二氧化碳封存兼顾,后期水合物衰竭后打开注入井另一分支,实现二氧化碳在枯竭水合物沉积层和深部咸水层中的封存。本发明提供的技术方案至少具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for integrating marine carbon dioxide storage and replacement hydrate exploitation. The method uses an offshore drilling platform and multi-branch horizontal wells to inject carbon dioxide into shallow seabed sediments. In the early stage, natural gas hydrate replacement exploitation is the main method, and replacement exploitation and carbon dioxide storage are taken into account in the mid-term. After the hydrate is exhausted in the later stage, another branch of the injection well is opened to realize the storage of carbon dioxide in the depleted hydrate sediments and deep saline water layers. The technical solution provided by the present invention has at least the following advantages:
1)固态二氧化碳水合物的形成对沉积层起到胶结支撑作用,可以有效防止天然气水合物开采引起的地层沉降和出砂问题;1) The formation of solid carbon dioxide hydrate plays a cementing and supporting role on the sedimentary layer, which can effectively prevent the formation subsidence and sand production caused by natural gas hydrate exploitation;
2)开采水合物收获一定的经济效益的同时,实现了对二氧化碳进行了海底沉积层(水合物沉积层和深部咸水层)封存,节约了单独建造封存设备的成本,实现能源开采和二氧化碳封存的双赢。2) While reaping certain economic benefits from hydrate exploitation, carbon dioxide can also be stored in seabed sediments (hydrate sediments and deep saline layers), saving the cost of building separate storage equipment and achieving a win-win situation for energy exploitation and carbon dioxide storage.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.
图1是本发明实施例提供的海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化方法的流程图;FIG1 is a flow chart of an integrated method for storing carbon dioxide in the ocean and replacing hydrates for mining provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化方法的实施示意图;FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of an integrated method for storing carbon dioxide in the ocean and replacing hydrates for production provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的海洋水合物沉积层置换开采与封存的模拟结果图;FIG3 is a diagram showing simulation results of replacement mining and storage of marine hydrate sediments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的深部咸水层封存的模拟结果图;FIG4 is a diagram showing simulation results of deep saline water layer storage provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的两个阶段的封存量曲线图。FIG. 5 is a graph showing the storage volume in two stages according to an embodiment of the present invention.
附图2标记说明:1-二氧化碳排放源,2-液态二氧化碳,3-陆上管道和海上漂浮软管,4-海洋钻井平台,5-二氧化碳储罐,6-加压加热装置,7-加压加热后的二氧化碳,8-注入井套管,9-注入井,10-海洋水合物沉积层,11-注入井第一分支,12-注入井第一分支的射孔,13-生产井水平段,14-生产井套管,15-生产井,16-甲烷与二氧化碳混合气,17-分离器,18-封隔器,19-注入井第二分支,20-注入井第二分支的射孔,21-深部咸水层。Explanation of the markings in Figure 2: 1-carbon dioxide emission source, 2-liquid carbon dioxide, 3-onshore pipelines and offshore floating hoses, 4-offshore drilling platforms, 5-carbon dioxide storage tanks, 6-pressurized heating device, 7-pressurized and heated carbon dioxide, 8-injection well casing, 9-injection well, 10-marine hydrate sediment layer, 11-first branch of the injection well, 12-perforation of the first branch of the injection well, 13-horizontal section of the production well, 14-production well casing, 15-production well, 16-methane and carbon dioxide mixture, 17-separator, 18-packer, 19-second branch of the injection well, 20-perforation of the second branch of the injection well, 21-deep saline layer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供了一种海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的方法,如图1~2所示,具体过程如下:This embodiment provides a method for integrating ocean storage of carbon dioxide and replacement and exploitation of hydrates, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , and the specific process is as follows:
S1)捕集运输二氧化碳:S1) Capture and transport of carbon dioxide:
从二氧化碳排放源1处捕集的二氧化碳压缩为液态二氧化碳2后,通过陆上管道和海上漂浮软管3输送到海洋钻采平台4的二氧化碳储罐5中。The carbon dioxide captured from the carbon dioxide emission source 1 is compressed into liquid carbon dioxide 2 and then transported to the carbon dioxide storage tank 5 of the offshore drilling and production platform 4 through an onshore pipeline and an offshore floating hose 3.
S2)二氧化碳置换开采天然气水合物:S2) Carbon dioxide displacement to extract natural gas hydrates:
根据目标区温度压力条件,利用平台上的加压加热装置6将二氧化碳加压加热至适当状态,随后加压加热后的二氧化碳7进入注入井9(外层设置有注入井套管8)中,并通过注入井第一分支注11上的射孔12注入海底水合物沉积层10中,二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层10中的甲烷水合物充分反应,将甲烷分子置换出来,同时二氧化碳以固态水合物形式封存在原来天然气水合物赋存的孔隙中。According to the temperature and pressure conditions of the target area, the carbon dioxide is pressurized and heated to an appropriate state by using the pressurized heating device 6 on the platform. Then, the pressurized and heated carbon dioxide 7 enters the injection well 9 (the outer layer of which is provided with an injection well casing 8), and is injected into the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 through the perforations 12 on the first branch injection well 11. The carbon dioxide fully reacts with the methane hydrate in the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 to replace the methane molecules. At the same time, the carbon dioxide is sealed in the pores where the natural gas hydrate originally existed in the form of solid hydrate.
在本实施例中,步骤S2)更具体的过程包括:In this embodiment, the more specific process of step S2) includes:
S21)确定目标区水合物赋存区域(以琼东南区域为例)的温度压力条件,根据二氧化碳水合物和甲烷水合物的相平衡条件计算注入温度和压力,具体为52℃、25000kPa;S21) Determine the temperature and pressure conditions of the target area where hydrates are stored (taking the southeastern region of Qiong as an example), and calculate the injection temperature and pressure based on the phase equilibrium conditions of carbon dioxide hydrates and methane hydrates, specifically 52°C and 25,000 kPa;
S22)在平台上利用加压加热装置6对二氧化碳进行加热加压至计算状态,通过注入井9注入海底水合物沉积层10中;S22) heating and pressurizing the carbon dioxide to a calculated state using a pressurizing and heating device 6 on the platform, and injecting the carbon dioxide into the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 through an injection well 9;
S23)等待二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层10中的甲烷水合物充分反应,将甲烷分子置换出来,同时二氧化碳以固态水合物形式封存在原来甲烷水合物赋存的孔隙中;S23) waiting for the carbon dioxide to fully react with the methane hydrate in the seafloor hydrate sediment layer 10 to displace the methane molecules, while the carbon dioxide is sealed in the pores where the methane hydrate originally existed in the form of solid hydrate;
S24)甲烷气体和过量的二氧化碳向上运移并通过上部的生产井水平段13产出,随气体流向生产井15的沉积层颗粒通过设置在生产井套管14处的防砂装置留在地层中,产出的甲烷与二氧化碳混合气16在平台上的分离器17中进行初步分离,将过量的二氧化碳重新加热加压回注至海底水合物沉积层10。S24) Methane gas and excess carbon dioxide migrate upward and are produced through the upper horizontal section 13 of the production well. Sedimentary layer particles flowing with the gas to the production well 15 are retained in the formation by the sand control device set at the production well casing 14. The produced methane and carbon dioxide mixed gas 16 is initially separated in the separator 17 on the platform, and the excess carbon dioxide is reheated and pressurized to be reinjected into the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10.
S3)水合物沉积层封存:S3) Hydrate Sediment Storage:
继续向海底水合物沉积层10中注入二氧化碳,一部分二氧化碳继续与海底水合物沉积层10中的甲烷水合物发生置换,另一部分二氧化碳与海底水合物沉积层10孔隙中的水形成固态二氧化碳水合物,实现二氧化碳的封存。Continue to inject carbon dioxide into the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10, a part of the carbon dioxide continues to replace the methane hydrate in the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10, and the other part of the carbon dioxide forms solid carbon dioxide hydrate with water in the pores of the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10, thereby realizing the storage of carbon dioxide.
S4)深部咸水层封存:S4) Deep saline aquifer storage:
当海底水合物沉积层10中的甲烷水合物置换开采结束后,打开注入井下部的封隔器18,继续注入二氧化碳,控制注入压力,实现二氧化碳在深部咸水层21中的封存。When the methane hydrate displacement exploitation in the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 is completed, the packer 18 at the lower part of the injection well is opened, and carbon dioxide is continuously injected while controlling the injection pressure to realize the sealing of carbon dioxide in the deep saline water layer 21 .
在本实施例中,步骤S4)更具体的过程包括:In this embodiment, the more specific process of step S4) includes:
S41)在生产井15的井口进行气体检测,当甲烷气体含量低于期望值时,说明地层中的甲烷水合物已经充分分解,打开注入井下部的封隔器18;S41) Performing gas detection at the wellhead of the production well 15, when the methane gas content is lower than the expected value, it indicates that the methane hydrate in the formation has been fully decomposed, and the packer 18 at the lower part of the injection well is opened;
S42)由于水合物分解和二氧化碳注入,地层压力分布情况发生变化,打开封隔器18后,一部分二氧化碳将继续经由注入井第一分支注11的射孔12流入海底水合物沉积层10,与层中孔隙水形成固态水合物从而填充开采形成的孔隙,保持地层稳定;另一部分二氧化碳经由注入井第二分支注19的射孔20流入深部咸水层21中进行封存;S42) Due to the decomposition of hydrates and the injection of carbon dioxide, the formation pressure distribution changes. After the packer 18 is opened, a part of the carbon dioxide will continue to flow into the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 through the perforations 12 of the first branch injection well 11, and form solid hydrates with the pore water in the layer to fill the pores formed by mining and maintain the stability of the formation; another part of the carbon dioxide will flow into the deep saline water layer 21 through the perforations 20 of the second branch injection well 19 for storage;
S43)当海底水合物沉积层10的压力恢复至初始状态时,关闭该层段的注入井第一分支注11和生产井15,只通过注入井第二分支注19向深部咸水层21注入二氧化碳,并控制注入压力。S43) When the pressure of the seabed hydrate sediment layer 10 returns to the initial state, the first branch injection well 11 and the production well 15 of the layer section are closed, and carbon dioxide is only injected into the deep saline water layer 21 through the second branch injection well 19, and the injection pressure is controlled.
S5)关井:S5) Well Closure:
监测地层压力,当地层压力恢复至初始地层压力后,停止注入二氧化碳,关闭注入井9,完成二氧化碳封存与水合物开采一体化工程。The formation pressure is monitored. When the formation pressure returns to the initial formation pressure, the injection of carbon dioxide is stopped and the injection well 9 is closed, thus completing the integrated project of carbon dioxide storage and hydrate exploitation.
实施例2Example 2
采用数值模拟方法对实施例1的海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物的过程进行验证:以琼东南区域为例,利用油藏数值模拟软件CMG建立海洋封存二氧化碳与置换开采水合物一体化的二维对称模型,对CO2一体化封存进行了模拟计算;其中,目标区域上部为海底水合物沉积层(顶部深度600m,厚度为100m),下部为深部咸水层(顶部深度1100m,厚度为100m),两层间距400m,注入井和生产井均为水平井,CO2注入压力为25000kPa,注入周期为2年。A numerical simulation method was used to verify the process of marine storage of carbon dioxide and replacement of hydrate production in Example 1: Taking the southeastern Qiong area as an example, a two-dimensional symmetrical model of integrated marine storage of carbon dioxide and replacement of hydrate production was established using the reservoir numerical simulation software CMG, and the integrated CO2 storage was simulated and calculated; wherein, the upper part of the target area is a submarine hydrate sediment layer (top depth 600m, thickness 100m), and the lower part is a deep saline layer (top depth 1100m, thickness 100m), the distance between the two layers is 400m, the injection well and the production well are both horizontal wells, the CO2 injection pressure is 25000kPa, and the injection cycle is 2 years.
结果如图3~图5所示,图3是本发明实施例提供的海洋水合物沉积层置换开采与封存的模拟结果图,图4是本发明实施例提供的深部咸水层封存的模拟结果图,图5是本发明实施例提供的两个阶段的封存量曲线图,一体化的总封存量约为4.11×109kg。模拟结果证明了本发明提供的方法可以实现二氧化碳封存与置换开采水合物一体化工程,且与只在水合物层进行二氧化碳封存相比,置换开采与咸水层封存一体化可大幅提高二氧化碳封存量,一定程度上解决了水合物沉积层封存量小和封存效率不高的问题。The results are shown in Figures 3 to 5. Figure 3 is a simulation result diagram of replacement mining and storage of marine hydrate sediments provided by an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is a simulation result diagram of deep saline water layer storage provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5 is a two-stage storage capacity curve diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and the total integrated storage capacity is about 4.11×10 9 kg. The simulation results prove that the method provided by the present invention can realize the integrated engineering of carbon dioxide storage and replacement mining of hydrates, and compared with carbon dioxide storage only in the hydrate layer, the integration of replacement mining and saline water layer storage can greatly increase the carbon dioxide storage capacity, which solves the problem of small storage capacity and low storage efficiency of hydrate sediments to a certain extent.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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