CN118143425A - Laser optical path system and 3D printing equipment with same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application provides a laser optical path system and a 3D printing device having the same, wherein the laser optical path system comprises a light source module capable of outputting infrared light and green light, a beam expander module, a galvanometer module, a field lens module applicable to both infrared light and green light, and a laser processing table. When the field lens module focuses the infrared laser and the green laser, the focal positions of the infrared laser and the green laser can be adjusted so that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser are simultaneously projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table, thereby controlling the infrared laser and the green laser to perform high-quality laser processing operations.

Description

Laser optical path system and 3D printing device having the same

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to a dual-wavelength laser optical path system and a 3D printing device having the same.

Background technique

At present, the mainstream laser optical path system used for laser welding, cutting, 3D printing equipment, etc. on the market uses 1064-nanometer infrared fiber lasers or 532-nanometer green lasers, and then configures galvanometers and field mirrors suitable for the corresponding wavelengths to achieve laser welding, cutting, 3D printing and other functions. However, if you want to switch between green lasers and infrared lasers on the same device or use them at the same time, you need to configure infrared lasers, infrared galvanometers, infrared field mirrors and green lasers, green galvanometers, green field mirrors, etc. separately, which takes up a lot of space, is inconvenient to install, and increases equipment costs.

If the green laser and the infrared laser are generated by the same light source, after the green laser and the infrared laser pass through the same set of galvanometers and field lenses, the focus of the green laser and the infrared laser cannot be projected onto the same work platform at the same time, and it will be difficult to control the green laser and the infrared laser at the same time, which will lead to the poor quality of the products generated by laser processing. Especially when switching or using the green laser and the infrared laser at the same time on the same 3D printing device, since the current 3D printed products are generally generated by layer-by-layer tiling, if the green laser and the infrared laser are generated by the same light source, after the green laser and the infrared laser pass through the same set of galvanometers and field lenses, the focus of the green laser and the infrared laser cannot be projected onto the same work platform at the same time, and the dual-wavelength laser 3D printing processing cannot be controlled, which will lead to the poor quality of the products generated by 3D printing. Therefore, the current laser equipment with green laser and infrared laser usually chooses to configure infrared laser, infrared galvanometer, infrared field lens and green laser, green galvanometer, green field lens separately in laser processing applications such as laser welding, cutting, and 3D printing, so that the focus of the green laser and the infrared laser can be adjusted separately, so that the focus of the green laser and the infrared laser can be projected onto the same work platform at the same time. Equipment with this configuration structure cannot avoid problems such as large equipment space occupation, inconvenient installation, and increased equipment costs.

Based on this, it is necessary to invent a dual-wavelength laser optical path system and a 3D printing device having the same. When the green laser and the infrared laser of the laser optical path system and the 3D printing device are generated by the same light source, the green laser and the infrared laser pass through the same set of galvanometers and field lenses, so that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser can be projected onto the same work platform at the same time.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present application is that, in view of the deficiencies in the prior art, a dual-wavelength laser optical path system and a 3D printing device having the same are provided, wherein the laser optical path system can switch or simultaneously output infrared laser and green laser, and can be used to switch or simultaneously perform laser welding, cutting, and 3D printing of materials suitable for infrared laser and/or green laser, so as to facilitate the addition of various process parameters suitable for the materials, add multiple functions to the equipment, and at the same time reduce the installation space of the equipment optical path system, reduce the equipment cost, and promote the application of infrared laser and green laser after integration in laser welding, cutting, 3D printing and other fields.

In order to solve the above technical problems, this application adopts the following technical solutions.

A dual-wavelength laser optical path system comprises a light source module capable of outputting infrared light and green light, a beam expander module capable of expanding both infrared light and green light, a galvanometer module capable of using both infrared light and green light, a field lens module capable of allowing both infrared light and green light to pass, and a laser processing table; the light source module can output in free space or be coupled to an optical fiber for output; the beam expander module is used to adjust the divergence angle and spot size of the infrared light or green light emitted by the light source module; the infrared light and/or green light adjusted by the beam expander module is incident from the light port of the galvanometer module; through scanning by the galvanometer module and focusing by the field lens module, the optical path system capable of switching or using infrared laser and green laser at the same time can perform laser processing operations such as welding, cutting, 3D printing, etc. within the range of the work table.

The difference between the present application and the existing laser optical path system is that the field mirror module of the present application at least includes: a first field mirror lens and a second field mirror lens, the first field mirror lens is a convex lens, the second field mirror lens is a concave lens, the refractive index of the first field mirror lens is n1, the refractive index of the second field mirror lens is n2, and the refractive index between the first field mirror lens and the second field mirror lens is in the relationship of n1＜n2. When focusing the infrared laser and the green laser, the focal position of the infrared laser and the green laser can be adjusted by the field mirror module, so that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser are simultaneously projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table, and then the infrared laser and the green laser are controlled to perform high-quality laser processing operations.

In a dual-wavelength laser optical path system disclosed in the present application, the light source module is located at the front end of the entire optical path system. When the light source module emits light, it is output through free space or optical fiber to the beam expander module. Under the action of the beam expander module, the required laser spot size can be guaranteed, and then output to the galvanometer light hole. The laser is adjusted by using the high-speed scanning galvanometer module and the field lens module for focusing, so that the dual-wavelength laser optical path system can realize laser welding, cutting, and 3D printing of products or powders on the workbench. Compared with the prior art, the present application constructs a dual-wavelength laser optical path system, which can use infrared lasers or green lasers for processing operations, has more process options, and at the same time reduces the installation space of the equipment optical path system, reduces equipment costs, and better meets the current market application needs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

FIG1 is an overall schematic diagram of a laser optical path system provided by the present application;

FIG2 is a first structural schematic diagram of a field lens module provided by the present application;

FIG3 is a second structural schematic diagram of the field lens module provided by the present application;

FIG4 is a first structural schematic diagram of a light source module provided in the present application;

FIG5 is a second structural schematic diagram of a light source module provided in the present application;

FIG6 is a third structural schematic diagram of the light source module provided in the present application;

Figure numerals: 1. light source module, 2. beam expander module, 3. galvanometer module, 4. field lens module, 5. laser processing table, 6. beam combining module, 7. frequency doubling module, 8. first collimation module, 9. second collimation module, 11. infrared light source module, 12. green light source module, 41. first field lens, 42. second field lens, L1. infrared laser, L2. green laser.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not limitations on the scope of the rights of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser optical path system provided by the present application. The laser optical path system is a dual-wavelength laser optical path system, including: a light source module 1, a beam expander module 2, a galvanometer module 3, a field lens module 4 and a laser processing table 5. The light source module 1 can output infrared laser L1 and green laser L2, and has a switching function, and can be output in free space or coupled to an optical fiber for output. The beam expander module 2 is used to adjust the divergence angle and spot size of the infrared light and/or green light emitted by the light source module 1. The infrared light and/or green light adjusted by the beam expander module 2 is incident from the light port of the galvanometer module 3, and after being scanned by the galvanometer module 3 and focused by the field lens module 4, it is irradiated from the light outlet of the laser optical path system to the laser processing table 5. It can be realized that the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 can be switched or used simultaneously to perform welding, cutting, 3D printing and other laser processing operations within the range of the laser processing table 5.

Please refer to FIG. 2, which is a first structural schematic diagram of the field mirror module provided by the present application. The field mirror module 4 at least includes: a first field mirror lens 41 and a second field mirror lens 42, wherein the first field mirror lens 41 is a convex lens, and the second field mirror lens 42 is a concave lens. The refractive index of the first field mirror lens 41 is n1, and the refractive index of the second field mirror lens 42 is n2. The refractive index between the first field mirror lens 41 and the second field mirror lens 42 is in the relationship of n1＜n2. As shown in FIG. 2, when the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 are focused by the field mirror module 4, the focal positions of the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 can be adjusted so that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser are simultaneously projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table 5, thereby controlling the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 to perform high-quality laser processing operations.

The above structure mainly uses the phase delay principle, that is, since the optical material has different refractive indexes for different wavelengths of colored light, the phase delay formula is summarized as δ=n*d/λ, where n is the refractive index of the dielectric material, d is the thickness of the dielectric material, and λ is the wavelength of the incident light, that is, the wavelength of the infrared laser L1 is λ1, and the wavelength of the green laser L2 is λ2. From this formula, it can be known that if only one piece of dielectric material is passed through the air, the wavelength λ1 of the infrared laser L1 and the wavelength λ2 of the green laser L2 are different, and the phase delays of the two lasers must be different, and thus it is impossible to achieve that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser are simultaneously projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table 5.

The present application sets the field mirror module 4 to include at least a first field mirror lens 41 and a second field mirror lens 42, wherein the first field mirror lens 41 is a convex lens and the second field mirror lens 42 is a concave lens, which can solve the above problems. Specifically, the thickness of the first field mirror lens 41 is d1, and the thickness of the second field mirror lens 42 is d2. Since the first field mirror lens 41 is a convex lens and the second field mirror lens 42 is a concave lens, when the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 pass through different positions of the first field mirror lens 41 and the second field mirror lens 42, the actual d1 and d2 are changed, but this does not affect our analysis of the working principle of the field mirror module 4 of the present application. In the field mirror module 4 provided in the present application, the phase delays generated by the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 after passing through the first field mirror lens 41 are δ1 and δ2, respectively, δ1=n1*d1/λ1, δ2=n1*d1/λ2; the phase delays generated by the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 after passing through the second field mirror lens 42 are δ3 and δ4, respectively, δ3=n2*d2/λ1, δ4=n2*d2/λ2. As long as δ1+δ3=δ2+δ4 is ensured (at this time, the additional error caused by the lens structure in front of the field mirror module 4 to the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 is not considered, and the error can be corrected according to the specific actual situation), the focus of the green laser and the infrared laser can be controlled to be projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table 5 at the same time.

In the embodiment of the field mirror module 4 shown in Figure 2, the first field mirror lens 41 and the second field mirror lens 42 of the field mirror module 4 are designed to be in a tightly fitted state, but this design is not a limiting condition of the present application. In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 3, which is a second structural schematic diagram of the field mirror module provided by the present application. The first field mirror lens 41 and the second field mirror lens 42 can also be in a separated state, and the required first field mirror lens 41 and second field mirror lens 42 can also be calculated based on the phase delay principle mentioned above.

Preferably, the first field lens 41 is made of magnesium fluoride (MgF2), and the second field lens 42 is made of quartz.

Preferably, the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 are projected onto the same work platform after passing through their respective galvanometer field lenses. When the two lasers, infrared laser L1 and green laser L2, are used for laser processing, one laser is used as the main laser and the other laser is used as the auxiliary laser. The main laser can make the material to be printed reach a molten state, and the auxiliary laser can only change the material properties of the material to be printed, but will not make the material to be printed reach a molten state. The auxiliary heating field can reduce the temperature gradient of the laser processing area and the surrounding area where the main laser acts, so as to reduce the spatter problem, and the products manufactured by laser processing are free of bubbles and cracks.

Preferably, the periphery of the processing area of the main laser and the auxiliary laser forms a circular or elliptical auxiliary heating field (it should be noted that the "circular or elliptical" here is not limited to a standard circle or ellipse, and can also be other shapes that are approximately circular or elliptical).

Please refer to Figure 4, which is a first structural schematic diagram of the light source module provided in the present application. The light source module 1 includes an infrared light source module 11, a green light source module 12 and a beam combining module 6. The infrared light source module 11 and the green light source module 12 can generate infrared laser L1 and green laser L2 respectively. The infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 are combined by the beam combining module 6 and enter the beam expander module 2.

In this embodiment, since the laser outputs of the infrared light source module 11 and the green light source module 12 can be independently controlled, it is easy to switch or use the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 simultaneously for laser processing.

Please refer to FIG5, which is a second structural schematic diagram of the light source module provided by the present application. The light source module 1 includes an infrared light source module 11, a frequency doubling module 7 and a first collimation module 8. The infrared light source module 11 generates an infrared laser L1, which generates a green laser L2 after passing through the frequency doubling module 7, and the remaining infrared laser L1 that has not been frequency doubling is collimated and adjusted by the first collimation module 8 before entering the beam expander module 2. At this time, the structure of the light source module 1 occupies a relatively small space, and the equipment cost is relatively low, so that the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 can be fully utilized to save energy.

In this embodiment, it is not too difficult to use the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 for laser processing at the same time. If it is necessary to switch between the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2, it can be achieved by adding a dichroic mirror behind the light source module 1 that can switch to block or pass the infrared laser L1 and the green laser L2 to meet the needs of more application scenarios.

Please refer to Figure 6, which is a third structural schematic diagram of the light source module provided by the present application. Based on the light source module 1 shown in Figure 5, the light source module 1 also includes a second collimation module 9. The second collimation module 9 is located between the infrared light source module 11 and the frequency doubling module 7. By collimating and adjusting the infrared laser L1, the conversion efficiency of the infrared laser L1 can be improved, and more green laser L2 can be generated. Generally, the absorption rate of the green laser L2 by the high-reflective material is much higher than that of the infrared laser L1. Increasing the proportion of the green laser L2 in the mixed laser can improve the laser processing accuracy, reduce the spatter problem in laser processing, and produce products with fewer bubbles and cracks.

Furthermore, the light source module 1 can switch or simultaneously output two wavelengths of laser light, one is 1064 nanometers wavelength infrared light, and the other is 532 nanometers wavelength green light.

Furthermore, the laser processing table 5 has a driving mechanism for moving the light outlet of the field lens module 4 and the material to be processed relative to each other on at least two different axes.

Furthermore, the light source module 1 may be a continuous laser, or a quasi-continuous laser, or a pulsed laser, which is not limited here.

Furthermore, the laser optical path system described in the present application can be used in various laser processing application fields such as laser cutting, laser welding, laser engraving, laser cleaning and laser 3D printing, with priority given to the additive manufacturing field of laser 3D printing composite materials.

The present application also provides a 3D printing device, which includes the above-mentioned laser optical path system, and the laser processing table 5 of the laser optical path system is a 3D printing platform.

It should be noted that the technical solutions of the above embodiments of the present application can be combined. If there is no inclusion relationship between the embodiments, unless there is an obviously contradictory solution, it is not limited to the scope described in a single embodiment, but can be combined into a new embodiment. In this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "include", "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements is inherent to the element. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements. In addition, the above-mentioned technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application is consistent with the corresponding technical solution in the prior art. The part of the principle is not described in detail to avoid excessive elaboration.

Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application, and the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application, and the various embodiments in the present application can be combined, and these improvements, modifications and combinations also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A laser optical path system, characterized in that it comprises: a light source module (1), a beam expander module (2), a galvanometer module (3), a field lens module (4) and a laser processing table (5); The light source module (1) can output infrared laser (L1) and green laser (L2), and can output in free space or be coupled to an optical fiber for output; The beam expander module (2) is used to adjust the divergence angle and spot size of the infrared light and/or green light emitted by the light source module (1); the infrared light and/or green light adjusted by the beam expander module (2) is incident from the light port of the galvanometer module (3), and after being scanned by the galvanometer module (3) and focused by the field lens module (4), is irradiated from the light outlet of the laser optical path system to the laser processing table (5); When focusing the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2), the field lens module (4) adjusts the focal positions of the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2) so that the focal points of the green laser and the infrared laser are projected onto the same working plane of the laser processing table (5). 2. The laser optical path system according to claim 1, characterized in that the field mirror module (4) comprises at least: a first field mirror lens (41) and a second field mirror lens (42); The first field lens (41) is a convex lens, and the second field lens (42) is a concave lens; The refractive index of the first field lens (41) is n1, the refractive index of the second field lens (42) is n2, and the refractive index between the first field lens (41) and the second field lens (42) is in the relationship of n1<n2. 3. The laser optical path system according to claim 2, characterized in that the wavelength of the infrared laser (L1) is λ1, the wavelength of the green laser (L2) is λ2, the thickness of the first field mirror lens (41) is d1, and the thickness of the second field mirror lens (42) is d2; The phase delays generated by the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2) after passing through the first field mirror lens (41) are δ1 and δ2 respectively, δ1=n1*d1/λ1, δ2=n1*d1/λ2, and the phase delays generated by the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2) after passing through the second field mirror lens (42) are δ3 and δ4 respectively, δ3=n2*d2/λ1, δ4=n2*d2/λ2, δ1+δ3=δ2+δ4. 4. The laser optical path system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first field mirror lens (41) and the second field mirror lens 42 of the field mirror module (4) are designed to be in a tightly fitted state or a separated state. 5. The laser optical path system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first field mirror lens (41) is made of magnesium fluoride, and the second field mirror lens (42) is made of quartz. 6. The laser optical path system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2) perform laser processing operations simultaneously, one laser serves as a main laser and the other laser serves as an auxiliary laser. 7. The laser optical path system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the light source module (1) comprises an infrared light source module (11), a green light source module (12) and a beam combining module (6), the infrared light source module (11) and the green light source module (12) can generate infrared laser (L1) and green laser (L2) respectively, and the infrared laser (L1) and the green laser (L2) are combined by the beam combining module (6) and enter the beam expander module (2). 8. The laser optical path system as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the light source module (1) includes an infrared light source module (11), a frequency doubling module (7) and a first collimation module (8), the infrared light source module (11) generates an infrared laser (L1), the infrared laser (L1) generates a green laser (L2) after passing through the frequency doubling module (7), and the remaining infrared laser (L1) that has not been frequency doubling is collimated and adjusted by the first collimation module (8) before entering the beam expander module (2). 9. The laser optical path system according to claim 8, characterized in that the light source module (1) further comprises a second collimation module (9), and the second collimation module (9) is located between the infrared light source module (11) and the frequency doubling module (7). 10. A 3D printing device, characterized in that it comprises the laser optical path system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the laser processing table (5) of the laser optical path system is a 3D printing platform.