CN118129970A - Atmospheric pressure measurement system - Google Patents
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- CN118129970A CN118129970A CN202410543676.9A CN202410543676A CN118129970A CN 118129970 A CN118129970 A CN 118129970A CN 202410543676 A CN202410543676 A CN 202410543676A CN 118129970 A CN118129970 A CN 118129970A
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- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/02—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning
- G01L9/06—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means by making use of variations in ohmic resistance, e.g. of potentiometers, electric circuits therefor, e.g. bridges, amplifiers or signal conditioning of piezo-resistive devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/42—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation
- G06F13/4282—Bus transfer protocol, e.g. handshake; Synchronisation on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H17/00—Networks using digital techniques
- H03H17/02—Frequency selective networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F2213/0016—Inter-integrated circuit (I2C)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H17/00—Networks using digital techniques
- H03H2017/0072—Theoretical filter design
- H03H2017/009—Theoretical filter design of IIR filters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric pressure measurement system, and relates to the field of ocean observation. The atmospheric pressure measurement system comprises a pressure sensor, a measurement circuit and a power supply system; the measuring circuit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, an IIC data bus, a data processor, a digital-to-analog converter and a universal asynchronous data transmitter; the data processor is used for controlling the analog-to-digital converter to execute a pressure measurement oversampling method and converting an analog voltage value acquired by the pressure sensor into a high-precision digital voltage value; the analog-to-digital converter sends the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor through the IIC data bus; the data processor carries out IIR filter algorithm processing on the high-precision digital voltage value and converts the high-precision digital voltage value into a digital air pressure value, the obtained atmospheric pressure data error is smaller than +/-0.3 hPa, and the atmospheric pressure data error is superior to the +/-0.5 hPa index common to pressure sensors in the market, so that the high-precision and low-power consumption atmospheric pressure measurement system is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ocean observation, in particular to an atmospheric pressure measurement system.
Background
The air pressure sensor adopted in the current China ocean observation field mainly comprises SETRA278 type inlet air pressure sensors, and the inlet equipment has the problems of long supply period, high cost and involuntary and controllable core technology. The domestic air pressure sensor generally has the problems of high power consumption and low precision. There is therefore a need in the art for a high-precision, low-power consumption barometric pressure measurement method and system.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure measurement system to improve atmospheric pressure measurement accuracy and reduce power consumption.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
In one aspect, the present invention provides an atmospheric pressure measurement system comprising: a pressure sensor, a measurement circuit, and a power supply system; the measuring circuit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, an IIC data bus, a data processor, a digital-to-analog converter and a universal asynchronous data transmitter; the power supply system comprises an input power supply and a stabilized voltage power supply; the input power supply is connected with the measuring circuit to supply power; the stabilized voltage power supply is connected with the pressure sensor to supply power;
The pressure sensor is connected with the analog-to-digital converter and is used for sending the acquired atmospheric pressure analog voltage value to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the data processor through an IIC data bus; the data processor is used for controlling the analog-to-digital converter to execute a pressure measurement oversampling method and converting the analog voltage value into a high-precision digital voltage value; the analog-to-digital converter sends the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor through an IIC data bus; the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected with the data processor and the universal asynchronous data transmitter; the data processor is also used for carrying out IIR filter algorithm processing on the high-precision digital voltage value and converting the high-precision digital voltage value into a digital air pressure value; the digital-to-analog converter converts the digital air pressure value to an analog air pressure value and converts the analog air pressure value to a serial bus output via the universal asynchronous data transmitter.
Optionally, the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
Optionally, the IIC data bus is configured to transmit the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor via IIC protocol.
Optionally, the universal asynchronous data transmitter provides an RS232 communication mode.
Optionally, the input power supply provides a 3.3V voltage input to the measurement circuit.
Optionally, the regulated power supply provides ±0.1% reference power to the pressure sensor.
Optionally, the analog-to-digital converter performs a pressure measurement oversampling method that is 16 times oversampling.
Optionally, in the IIR filter algorithm performed by the data processor, a difference equation of the IIR filter is; Wherein x (n) is the input sequence; y (n) is the output sequence; /(I)AndIs a filter coefficient; n and M are filter orders.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
The atmospheric pressure measurement system provided by the invention comprises a pressure sensor, a measurement circuit and a power supply system; the measuring circuit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, an IIC data bus, a data processor, a digital-to-analog converter and a universal asynchronous data transmitter; the data processor is used for controlling the analog-to-digital converter to execute a pressure measurement oversampling method and converting an analog voltage value acquired by the pressure sensor into a high-precision digital voltage value; the analog-to-digital converter sends the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor through the IIC data bus; the data processor carries out IIR filter algorithm processing on the high-precision digital voltage value and converts the high-precision digital voltage value into a digital air pressure value, the obtained atmospheric pressure data error is smaller than +/-0.3 hPa, and the atmospheric pressure data error is superior to the +/-0.5 hPa index common to pressure sensors in the market, so that the high-precision and low-power consumption atmospheric pressure measurement system is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an atmospheric pressure measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement process of the atmospheric pressure measurement system of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a filtering effect of the IIR filter algorithm of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An object of the present invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure measurement system to improve atmospheric pressure measurement accuracy and reduce power consumption.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an atmospheric pressure measurement system comprising: pressure sensor, measurement circuit and electrical power generating system. The pressure sensor consists of a piezoresistive pressure sensing element and an application specific integrated circuit thereof and is used for outputting an atmospheric pressure analog voltage value. The piezoresistive pressure sensor is constructed by utilizing the piezoresistive effect of monocrystalline silicon. A monocrystalline silicon wafer is used as an elastic element, a group of equivalent resistors are diffused in a specific direction of monocrystalline silicon on a monocrystalline silicon membrane by utilizing the process of an integrated circuit, the resistors are connected into a bridge, and the monocrystalline silicon wafer is placed in a sensor cavity. When the atmospheric pressure changes, the monocrystalline silicon generates strain, so that the strain resistor directly diffused on the monocrystalline silicon generates a change in direct proportion to the measured atmospheric pressure, and then a corresponding voltage output signal is obtained by a resistor bridge circuit. In other embodiments, the pressure sensor may also employ a pressure sensor whose primary component is a positive displacement silicon bellows. When the external atmospheric pressure changes, the thimble of the positive-displacement silicon capsule acts, and the single crystal silicon capsule elastically deforms along with the change of the capacitance of the parallel plate capacitor of the silicon capsule so as to control the change of an analog voltage signal output by the pressure sensor.
The measurement circuit includes an analog-to-digital converter (Analog to Digital Converter, ADC), an IIC data bus, a data processor, a digital-to-analog converter (Digital to Analog Converter, DAC), and a universal asynchronous receiver/Transmitter (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, UART). The pressure sensor is connected with the analog-to-digital converter and is used for sending the acquired atmospheric pressure analog voltage value to the analog-to-digital converter and providing a measuring range of 0-5V for the system. The analog-to-digital converter is connected with the data processor through an IIC data bus. The data processor is used for controlling the analog-to-digital converter to execute a pressure measurement oversampling method and converting the analog voltage value into a high-precision digital voltage value. The analog-to-digital converter sends the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor through an IIC data bus and an IIC protocol. The digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected with the data processor and the universal asynchronous data transmitter. The data processor is also used for carrying out IIR filter algorithm processing on the high-precision digital voltage value and converting the high-precision digital voltage value into a digital air pressure value. The digital-to-analog converter converts the digital air pressure value into an analog air pressure value, and converts the analog air pressure value into a serial bus output through the universal asynchronous data transmitter, thereby providing an RS232 communication mode for the system.
The power supply system comprises an input power supply and a high-precision stabilized voltage power supply. The input power supply is connected with the measuring circuit and provides 3.3V voltage input for the measuring circuit. The high-precision stabilized power supply is connected with the pressure sensor and provides +/-0.1% reference power supply for the pressure sensor.
The data processor is used for driving the whole measuring circuit, acquiring pressure sensor data, and finally obtaining the atmospheric pressure data with the error less than +/-0.3 hPa through the processes of data acquisition, processing, optimization, IIR filtering and the like. The data processor mainly comprises a singlechip MCU, and comprises a high-speed memory, a multi-channel flash memory interface, a plurality of enhanced I/O interfaces connected to a 32-bit APB bus and an AHB bus matrix and peripheral equipment. The data processor of the invention selects the ultra-low power consumption microcontroller based on the high-performance Arm Cortex-M4 32 bit RISC core, and the working frequency is as high as 80 MHz. The Cortex-M4 kernel has floating point unit ((Floating Point Unit, FPU) single precision, supporting all Arm single precision data processing instructions and data types. A complete set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (Memory Protection Unit, MPU) that enhances application security are implemented.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement process of the atmospheric pressure measurement system of the present invention. When the atmospheric pressure measurement system works, firstly, an atmospheric pressure analog voltage value is obtained through the pressure sensor, then, a pressure measurement oversampling method is executed through the analog-to-digital converter, the atmospheric pressure analog voltage value is converted into a high-precision digital voltage value, the pressure measurement precision is effectively improved, and the measurement error is reduced; the high-precision digital voltage value is transmitted to a data processor through an IIC bus, the data processor eliminates noise interference through an IIR filter algorithm, and accurate air pressure data are finally obtained. As shown in fig. 2, the measurement process generally includes: starting measurement; configuring working parameters including an oversampling parameter and an IIR filter parameter; starting an analog-to-digital converter to work; measuring an analog voltage value, and improving measurement accuracy by using an oversampling method; enabling the IIR filter function and initializing the setting, wherein the IIR filter can effectively inhibit high-frequency noise interference in output data of the ADC analog-to-digital converter; enabling the FIFO data buffer to provide a sufficient amount of sample data; carrying out smooth filtering optimization processing on the sample data to reduce fluctuation errors; the measurement is terminated after completion.
In the working process of the ADC in the atmospheric pressure measuring system, the analog voltage signal value output by the pressure sensor can be continuously sampled to obtain sample data. Oversampling refers to the process of sampling a signal at a sampling frequency that is significantly higher than the nyquist rate. Theoretically, a bandwidth limited signal can be perfectly reconstructed if sampled at or above the nyquist rate. Oversampling can improve resolution and signal-to-noise ratio and help avoid aliasing and phase distortion by relaxing the performance requirements of the anti-aliasing filter. If a signal is sampled at a rate K times the nyquist rate, it is said to be over-sampled K times.
The over-sampling method in the atmospheric pressure measurement system is characterized in that a data processor sets parameters, an ADC is responsible for sampling, an original low-precision ADC measured value is converted into a high-precision measured value, and the ADC starts the pressure measurement over-sampling method in the working process. The oversampling coefficient is set to 16, that is, 16 times of oversampling, each oversampling step reduces noise and improves the output resolution by one bit, so that the accuracy of + -0.17 Pa can be achieved after the analog voltage value of the ADC is converted into the digital voltage value.
Table 1 pressure oversampling settings versus measurement resolution table
As shown in Table 1, the relation among the system power consumption, the oversampling multiple and the measurement resolution is shown, 7 steps are shared, the higher the pressure oversampling multiple is, the higher the pressure measurement precision is, the larger the system power consumption is, and the larger the generated high-frequency interference noise wave is. Thus, measurement accuracy and system power consumption and noise require balanced processing, and the noise wave generated by the ADC operation depends on the selected oversampling and filter settings. The noise generated by over-sampling can be reduced in a controlled pressure environment by a method based on the average standard deviation of the 32 consecutive measurement points acquired at the highest sampling rate. Finally, the ADC in the atmospheric pressure measurement system effectively improves the measurement precision of the analog pressure through an oversampling method. The problem of high-frequency noise interference caused by over-sampling multiple is solved by an IIR filter algorithm.
Although the system measurement accuracy is improved by the pressure oversampling mode, noise interference can be generated due to the influence of high-frequency sampling and temperature change, and in order to inhibit the high-frequency noise interference in ADC output data without causing additional work load of a data processor, the bandwidth of an oversampled output signal is effectively reduced by adopting an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter algorithm, so that the complementary effect is achieved.
The implementation of the IIR filter algorithm is mainly completed by a data processor, the data processor adopts a Cortex-M4 kernel MCU, has single precision of a floating point unit, supports all Arm single precision data processing instructions and data types, and realizes a complete set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit for enhancing the safety of application programs.
The IIR filter has infinite length unit impulse response, and has recursion in result, i.e. the output of the IIR filter is related to the input and the past output, and has the characteristics of simple structure, small operand, economy and high efficiency. The general expression of the IIR filter differential equation is:
Wherein x (n) is the input sequence; y (n) is the output sequence; And/> Is a filter coefficient; n and M are filter orders. The second order IIR filter equation can be expanded as: . In the invention, the input sequence x (n) of the IIR filter is a high-precision digital voltage value time sequence obtained after being processed by a pressure measurement oversampling method. Noise interference exists under high-precision oversampling, and the invention eliminates the interference through an IIR filter algorithm.
Specifically, an IIR low-pass filter coefficient can be generated through simulation of a MATLAB tool box FILTERDESIGNER, the order is selected to be second order, a DSP library function provided by an ARM is used for designing a c-language file of the low-pass filter, the c-language file is finally applied to the atmospheric pressure measurement system, floating point number calculation and differential equation are completed by a data processor, and a filtering effect is achieved. The filtering effect of the IIR filter algorithm is shown in figure 3, and the fact that after the measuring frequency is larger than 120Hz, the noise wave signal is attenuated obviously and greatly, namely the function of a low-pass filter is realized, the signal with high frequency is restrained, and the high-frequency noise interference is eliminated. The working frequency of the ADC is about 50Hz when the oversampling multiple of the ADC is set to be 16, and high-frequency interference larger than 200Hz can be effectively filtered, so that high-precision measurement of pressure oversampling is ensured, and high-frequency noise is eliminated.
The atmospheric pressure measuring system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the pressure sensitive element is integrated, the output signal of the pressure sensitive element is processed through the design of the measuring circuit, the measuring error is effectively reduced through the pressure measurement oversampling method and the IIR filter algorithm, the atmospheric pressure data error is smaller than +/-0.3 hPa, the index of +/-0.5 hPa which is better than the index of the common +/-0.5 hPa of the sensors on the market is obtained, the measuring range is wider, the 500-1100hPa is supported, and the atmospheric pressure measuring system is high-precision and low-power consumption.
The atmospheric pressure measuring system has the advantages that the structure and the hardware circuit design are completed, the pressure measurement oversampling method and the IIR filter algorithm are realized, the atmospheric pressure in the range of 500-1100hPa can be measured, the measuring precision is +/-0.3 hPa, the two output modes of RS232C digital output format and 0-5V analog output are provided, the core technology is independently controllable, the parameter index can replace the same type of import equipment, the sensor technology is popularized and applied in the marine observation system, the independent research and development and innovation of the sensor technology are realized, and a new thought and method are provided for forming the domestic air pressure sensor.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An atmospheric pressure measurement system, comprising: a pressure sensor, a measurement circuit, and a power supply system; the measuring circuit comprises an analog-to-digital converter, an IIC data bus, a data processor, a digital-to-analog converter and a universal asynchronous data transmitter; the power supply system comprises an input power supply and a stabilized voltage power supply; the input power supply is connected with the measuring circuit to supply power; the stabilized voltage power supply is connected with the pressure sensor to supply power;
The pressure sensor is connected with the analog-to-digital converter and is used for sending the acquired atmospheric pressure analog voltage value to the analog-to-digital converter; the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the data processor through an IIC data bus; the data processor is used for controlling the analog-to-digital converter to execute a pressure measurement oversampling method and converting the analog voltage value into a high-precision digital voltage value; the analog-to-digital converter sends the high-precision digital voltage value to the data processor through an IIC data bus; the digital-to-analog converter is respectively connected with the data processor and the universal asynchronous data transmitter; the data processor is also used for carrying out IIR filter algorithm processing on the high-precision digital voltage value and converting the high-precision digital voltage value into a digital air pressure value; the digital-to-analog converter converts the digital air pressure value to an analog air pressure value and converts the analog air pressure value to a serial bus output via the universal asynchronous data transmitter.
2. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
3. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the IIC data bus is configured to transmit high precision digital voltage values to the data processor via IIC protocol.
4. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the universal asynchronous data transmitter provides RS232 communication.
5. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the input power source provides a 3.3V voltage input to the measurement circuit.
6. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the regulated power supply provides ± 0.1% reference power to the pressure sensor.
7. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the analog-to-digital converter performs a pressure measurement oversampling method that is 16 times oversampling.
8. The atmospheric pressure measurement system of claim 1, wherein the data processor performs an IIR filter algorithm wherein the difference equation of the IIR filter is; Wherein x (n) is the input sequence; y (n) is the output sequence; /(I)And/>Is a filter coefficient; n and M are filter orders.
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