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CN118067951B - Ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and ultrasonic energetic material detonating method - Google Patents

Ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and ultrasonic energetic material detonating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN118067951B
CN118067951B CN202410432222.4A CN202410432222A CN118067951B CN 118067951 B CN118067951 B CN 118067951B CN 202410432222 A CN202410432222 A CN 202410432222A CN 118067951 B CN118067951 B CN 118067951B
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ultrasonic
sample
detonation
antenna
sample base
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CN118067951A (en
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门志伟
肖俐君
崔丹阳
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22Fuels; Explosives

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and an ultrasonic energetic material detonating method. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device comprises an ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism, an ultrasonic antenna connector and a sample base, wherein the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic probe is electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator, one end part of the ultrasonic probe is provided with an ultrasonic antenna, the sample base is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic antenna along a first direction, and the ultrasonic antenna connector is respectively connected with the ultrasonic probe and the sample base. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in maintenance and miniaturization and centralization compared with the traditional detonating device.

Description

Ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and ultrasonic energetic material detonating method
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and an ultrasonic energetic material detonating method, and belongs to the technical field of detonating test equipment.
Background
The traditional pressure detonating device generally adopts modes such as an air cannon, a booster circuit and the like for detonating, and the air cannon has high cost due to huge volume and high manufacturing cost, so that the detonating device has high manufacturing cost and huge volume and is not suitable for being widely used in laboratories. The initiation mode of initiating by adopting the high voltage generated by the booster circuit requires more energy to start, so that the mode has the defects of complex structure and large energy requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device and an ultrasonic energetic material detonating method, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
The invention provides an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device, which comprises an ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism, an ultrasonic antenna connector and a sample base, wherein the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic probe is electrically connected with the ultrasonic generator, one end part of the ultrasonic probe is provided with an ultrasonic antenna, and the sample base is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic antenna along a first direction;
The ultrasonic antenna connector is respectively connected with the ultrasonic probe and the sample base, and has at least the following functions:
a. holding the sample base on one side of the ultrasonic horn;
b. Restricting movement of the sample in a second direction, the second direction intersecting the first direction, and maintaining stable relative positions of the sample base and the ultrasonic antenna;
c. And enabling the sample base to generate a movement trend along the first direction close to the ultrasonic antenna, enabling the detonation sample on the sample base and the ultrasonic antenna to always keep a close contact state, and adjusting the pressure among the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample, wherein the pressure corresponds to the detonation time of the detonation sample.
Further, the ultrasonic antenna joint comprises a connecting joint and a plurality of limiting mechanisms, the connecting joint is fixedly arranged on the ultrasonic probe, the limiting mechanisms are fixedly connected with the connecting joint and the sample base respectively, the limiting mechanisms are circumferentially arranged around the ultrasonic probe, the limiting mechanisms are used for enabling the sample base to generate a movement trend along a first direction close to the ultrasonic antenna, enabling a detonation sample on the sample base to always keep a close contact state with the ultrasonic antenna, adjusting pressure among the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample, and the limiting mechanisms are used for limiting movement of the sample base along a second direction so as to keep the relative position of the sample base and the ultrasonic antenna stable.
In a more specific embodiment, the sample base is provided with a through positioning hole, the limiting mechanism comprises a rigid positioning rod and at least two limiting components, a first end part of the positioning rod is fixedly connected with the connecting joint, a second end part of the positioning rod is arranged in the positioning hole, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the positioning rod, at least two limiting components are respectively arranged on two sides of the sample base along the axial direction of the positioning rod and are connected with the positioning rod, the sample base is limited between at least two limiting components, the position of the limiting components on the positioning rod is adjustable, and the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonating sample can be changed by changing the position of the sample base on the positioning rod.
Further, the locating rod is a threaded rod, the limiting component is connected with the locating rod in a threaded connection mode, and the position of the limiting component on the locating rod can be changed by screwing the limiting component.
Further, the axial direction of the positioning rod is parallel to the first direction.
In another specific embodiment, the sample base is provided with a positioning hole, the limiting mechanism comprises a rigid positioning rod, a first end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected with the connecting joint, a second end of the positioning rod is arranged in the positioning hole and in interference fit with the positioning hole, the position of the sample base on the positioning rod can be changed under the action of external force, and the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonating sample can be changed by changing the position of the sample base on the positioning rod.
Further, the positioning hole is a through hole penetrating through the sample base or a slotted hole not penetrating through the sample base;
Further, the axial direction of the positioning rod is parallel to the first direction.
In another more specific embodiment, the sample base is provided with a positioning hole, the limiting mechanism comprises a first limiting mechanism and a second limiting mechanism,
The first limiting mechanism comprises a rigid positioning rod, a first end part of the positioning rod is fixedly connected with the connecting joint, a second end part of the positioning rod is correspondingly arranged in the positioning hole, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the positioning rod, in the process that the ultrasonic antenna contacts with a detonating sample on the sample base and detonates the detonating sample, the positioning rod is always in clearance fit with the bottom of the positioning hole, the second limiting mechanism comprises a spring, two ends of the spring are respectively arranged on the sample base and the connecting joint, and the spring is always in an elastically stretched state.
Further, the axial direction of the positioning rod and the axial direction of the spring are parallel to the first direction.
Still further, the restriction mechanism further comprises a first fixing support and a second fixing support, wherein the first fixing support is fixedly arranged on the connecting joint, the second fixing support is fixedly arranged on the sample base, and two ends of the spring are respectively detachably arranged on the first fixing support and the second fixing support.
Further, a sample groove for containing the detonating sample is formed in the sample base, and the positioning holes are formed around the sample groove in a surrounding mode.
Further, an observation window is further arranged on the sample base, and the observation window and the sample groove are arranged in a back-to-back mode.
Further, the connection joint is detachably connected with the ultrasonic probe.
Further, the connecting joint is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic probe in a threaded connection mode.
Further, the connecting joint is provided with an internal thread structure, and the ultrasonic probe is provided with an external thread structure matched with the internal thread structure.
Further, the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic antenna joint, the ultrasonic antenna and the sample tank are coaxially arranged.
Further, the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic antenna connector, the ultrasonic antenna and the central axis of the sample tank are positioned at the same horizontal height.
In a more specific embodiment, the ultrasonic energetic material detonating device further comprises a lifting frame, the ultrasonic probe is arranged on the lifting frame, and the lifting frame is used for supporting the ultrasonic probe and adjusting the horizontal height of the ultrasonic probe.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of detonating an ultrasonically energized material, the method of detonating being based on the ultrasonically energized material detonating device, and the method of detonating comprising:
Wrapping an energetic material in a flexible polymer material to form a detonating sample in the form of a sandwich, placing the detonating sample on the sample base, and adjusting the ultrasonic antenna joint to enable the ultrasonic antenna to be in close contact with the detonating sample;
And applying vibration impact to the detonation sample through the ultrasonic antenna by using the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism, so that the energetic material in the detonation sample continuously moves and continuously rubs with the flexible polymer to generate heat in the moving process until detonation.
Further, the detonation method further comprises the step of adjusting at least one of ultrasonic frequency output by the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism and pressure between the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample so as to change detonation time of the detonation sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in maintenance and miniaturization and centralization compared with the traditional detonating device.
The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention adopts the variable-frequency ultrasonic radiation source as a dynamic high-pressure loading means, so that the device has the unique advantages of controllable impact times and good repeatability, and simultaneously, the required starting energy is smaller and the detonating speed is faster.
The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention is more convenient to assemble and disassemble, and the sample base can be simply assembled and disassembled, so that repeated detonating operation can be more efficiently performed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a sample base in an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a sample base in an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device according to example 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ultrasonic energetic material initiation device provided in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In view of the shortcomings in the prior art, the inventor of the present invention has long studied and practiced in a large number of ways to propose the technical scheme of the present invention. The technical scheme, implementation process and principle of the ultrasonic energetic material detonation device and working principle thereof are further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it is to be noted that the embodiment of the present invention is intended to explain and explain the structural composition of the ultrasonic energetic material detonation device and working principle thereof, and unless specifically stated otherwise, the ultrasonic wave breaker adopted in the embodiment of the present invention is known to those skilled in the art, and can be obtained by commercial purchase, wherein a lifting frame, a spring, a sample base, an ultrasonic contact angle joint and the like can be obtained by commercial purchase or by adopting conventional processes known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device includes an ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism 100, an ultrasonic antenna joint 200 and a sample base 400, wherein the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism 100 includes an ultrasonic generator 110 and an ultrasonic probe 120, the ultrasonic generator 110 is electrically connected with the ultrasonic probe 120, the ultrasonic antenna joint 200 is fixedly arranged on the ultrasonic probe 120, and the sample base 400 is detachably arranged on the ultrasonic antenna joint 200.
Specifically, the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism 100 is used for providing ultrasonic waves, the sample base 400 is used for bearing an initiation sample, the ultrasonic probe 120 is abutted against the initiation sample on the sample base 400, and the generated ultrasonic waves can be transmitted to the initiation sample between the sample base 400 and the ultrasonic probe 120, so that energetic materials in the initiation sample continuously move, friction heat is generated between the energetic materials and flexible polymers wrapping the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism, and the temperature rises to be initiated finally.
Specifically, the ultrasonic generator 110 is used to supply power to the ultrasonic probe 120 and adjust the working parameters of the ultrasonic probe 120, and the ultrasonic probe 120 is used to convert the electric power input by the ultrasonic generator 110 into mechanical power (i.e. ultrasonic waves) and then transmit the mechanical power out, and the ultrasonic probe 120 may include a transducer, an amplitude transformer, etc., which are known to those skilled in the art, and details thereof will not be repeated here.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2-4 together, the ultrasonic antenna connector 200 includes a connection connector 210, a plurality of rigid positioning rods 230 and a plurality of springs 240, the connection connector 210 is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic probe 120, one end of the ultrasonic probe 120 has an ultrasonic antenna 121, the ultrasonic antenna 121 can be abutted against a sample disposed on the sample base 400, the plurality of rigid positioning rods 230 are circumferentially disposed around the ultrasonic probe 120, one end of each positioning rod 230 is fixedly connected with the connection connector 210, the other end of each positioning rod is movably inserted into the sample base 400, the plurality of springs 240 are circumferentially disposed around the ultrasonic probe 120, and two ends of each spring 240 are respectively connected with the connection connector 210 and the sample base 400.
Specifically, the connection connector 210 is detachably connected to the ultrasonic probe 120. More specifically, the connection joint 210 is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic probe 120 by means of threaded connection, and more specifically, the connection joint 210 has an internal thread structure, the ultrasonic probe 120 has an external thread structure matched with the internal thread structure, and the external thread structure on the ultrasonic probe 120 is wedged with the internal thread structure on the connection joint 210, so that the two are detachably and fixedly connected, and in the axial direction of the ultrasonic probe 120, the ultrasonic probe 120 and the connection joint 210 have good and stable binding force to ensure that the two cannot generate relative motion along the axial direction of the ultrasonic probe 120.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5 together, corresponding to the structure of the ultrasonic antenna connector 200, a sample groove 410, a plurality of positioning holes 420 and a visual observation window 430 are provided on the sample base 400, the sample groove 410 is used for accommodating a detonation sample, the plurality of positioning holes 420 are distributed around the sample groove 410, the observation window 430 is disposed opposite to the sample groove 410, and the state of the detonation sample in the sample groove 410 can be observed through the observation window 430. Preferably, the centers of the plurality of positioning holes 420 are located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is located on the central axis of the sample groove 410. Specifically, the positioning holes 420 are in one-to-one correspondence with the positioning rods 230, each positioning rod 230 is correspondingly embedded/inserted into one positioning hole 420, the ultrasonic antenna 121 corresponds to the sample slot 410 (the ultrasonic antenna 121 can extend into the sample slot 410 to ensure that the ultrasonic antenna is tightly abutted against the detonating sample in the sample slot 410), two ends of each spring 240 are respectively connected with the connecting joint 210 and the sample base 400, and the springs 240 are always in an elastic stretching state.
It can be appreciated that, by the positioning rod 230 and the positioning hole 420 being matched with each other, the positioning of the sample base 400 can be achieved, meanwhile, the positioning rod 230 is embedded into/inserted into the positioning hole 420, the sample base 400 and the connecting joint 210 can be limited to generate relative motion along the radial direction (i.e. the aforementioned second direction), the spring 240 arranged between the sample base 400 and the connecting joint 210 can not only limit the separation of the sample base 400 and the connecting joint 210 along the axis direction thereof, but also provide elastic restoring force, so that the ultrasonic antenna 121 always keeps an abutting state with the detonating sample in the sample tank 410, further, continuous and stable transmission of ultrasonic waves is ensured, the elastic restoring force is converted into pressure between the ultrasonic antenna 121 and the detonating sample, and the pressure between the ultrasonic antenna 121 and the detonating sample can be changed by adjusting the elasticity of the spring, thereby realizing adjustment of the detonating time of the detonating sample.
It should be noted that, the aperture of the positioning hole 420 is larger than the diameter of the positioning rod 230, and the positioning hole 420 may be a through hole penetrating along the axial direction of the sample base 400 or a non-penetrating slot, but when the positioning hole 420 is a slot, it is necessary to ensure that a gap exists between the end of the positioning rod 230 and the bottom of the positioning hole all the time in the process of contacting the ultrasonic antenna with the detonating sample, and if the end of the positioning rod 230 contacts the bottom of the positioning hole, the pressure between the ultrasonic antenna 121 and the detonating sample cannot be increased continuously.
Specifically, the connecting joint 210 and the sample base 400 are further fixedly provided with a plurality of bolts 250/260, the bolts 250/260 are in threaded connection with the connecting joint 210/the sample base 400, two ends of the spring 240 are provided with connecting lantern rings, and the connecting lantern rings at two ends of the spring 240 are sleeved on the bolts 250/260, so that the spring 240 is fixedly connected with the connecting joint 210 and the sample base 400 in the axial direction.
Specifically, to ensure the structural stability of the whole device and efficient transmission of the ultrasonic vibration, the ultrasonic probe 120, the ultrasonic antenna 121, the connection joint 210, and the sample groove 410 on the sample base 400 are coaxially disposed and located on the same horizontal line, more specifically, the plurality of positioning rods 230 are distributed on the same circumference, the center of the circumference where the plurality of positioning rods 230 are located is located on the central axis of the connection joint 210, the axis of the positioning rods 230 is parallel to the axis of the connection joint 210, and likewise, the plurality of springs 240 are also distributed on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference where the plurality of springs 240 are located is also located on the central axis of the connection joint 210.
Specifically, the ultrasonic energetic material detonating device further comprises a lifting bracket, the ultrasonic probe 120 is arranged on the lifting bracket, the lifting bracket is used for supporting the ultrasonic probe 120 and adjusting the horizontal height of the ultrasonic probe 120, more specifically, the lifting bracket can be a structure which can be stretched or lifted along the vertical direction, and the structure which can realize stretching or lifting of the lifting bracket can be in a form known by a person skilled in the art, and is not limited herein.
The device adopts an ultrasonic radiation source with variable frequency (20 KHz-20 MHz) as a dynamic high-pressure loading means, after an ultrasonic radiation source starting signal is given, ultrasonic waves continuously impact a sandwich sample in a sample tank (PEG material is coated on the outer surface of a micron-sized energetic material crystal and then heat treatment is carried out, after the surface coating is solidified, the sandwich sample is prepared in PDMS resin), so that the energetic material in the sample continuously moves, friction heat is generated between the energetic material and the flexible polymer in the moving process, and the temperature is increased and finally detonating is carried out.
Illustratively, the detonation samples of the present invention may be obtained by:
Coating different PEG (300,400,600) materials on the surface of the single crystal energetic material HMX, baking the single crystal energetic material HMX coated by the different PEG (300,400,600) materials at 120 ℃ for 15 minutes, and repeating the process until a coating layer with the thickness of about 20um is formed;
A layer of 300um thick PDMS was coated on a 25.4mm sapphire window and baked at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes to cure, then a second layer of 500um thick PDMS was applied, and when the second layer of PDMS was slightly cured, crystals of the different PEG (300,400,600) material coatings were immersed in PDMS with tweezers and baked at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes to cure. After curing the PDMS-crystal layer, a third 500um thick PDMS cover layer was applied over the crystals and baked at 100 ℃ for 60 minutes to cure to completely encapsulate the crystals, thus obtaining a "sandwich" type sample.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the structure of an ultrasonic energetic material detonating device in this embodiment is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the same parts are not repeated herein, and the difference between them is that the embodiment omits the spring, sets the portion of the positioning rod 230 matching with the sample base 400 as a threaded rod, sets the nut 270 matching with the threaded rod at intervals on the positioning rod 230, correspondingly sets the positioning hole 420 surrounding the sample groove on the sample base 400, the positioning hole 420 is a through hole, the positioning rod 230 is set in the positioning hole 420, the sample base 400 is limited between the two spaced nuts 270, the sample base 400 can be fixed on the positioning rod 230 by screwing the nut 270, and the position of the sample base 400 on the positioning rod 230 is changed, so as to realize the detachable fixation of the sample base 400 and the ultrasonic antenna connector 200.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 8, the structure of an ultrasonic energetic material priming device in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 2, and the difference between the two is that the positioning rod 230 in this embodiment is in interference fit with the positioning hole 420 on the sample base 400.
The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, miniaturization and centralization, and can be widely used in laboratories by modifying the probe of a breaker and combining the probe with a sample base, so that the device has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in maintenance and low manufacturing cost.
The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention can adopt a variable-frequency ultrasonic radiation source as a dynamic high-pressure loading means, has the unique advantages of controllable impact times and good repeatability compared with the traditional detonating device, and simultaneously has smaller required starting energy. The ultrasonic radiation source can repeatedly impact the sample for tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands times in one second, and the impact energy is the same, so that the device has the unique advantages of controllable impact times and good repeatability.
The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device provided by the invention can control the detonating time, detonating speed and detonating power of the energetic material, has wide application prospect in civilian use and military use, and simultaneously has great potential application to research under extreme conditions of nano-micron scale by adopting a dynamic high-pressure loading means.
It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and implement the same according to the present invention without limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1.一种超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于,包括:超声波振动发生机构、超声波触角接头和样品基座,所述超声波振动发生机构包括超声波发生器和超声波探头,所述超声波探头与所述超声波发生器电连接,所述超声波探头的一端部具有超声波触角,所述样品基座沿第一方向设置在所述超声波触角的一侧;1. An ultrasonic energetic material detonation device, characterized in that it comprises: an ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism, an ultrasonic antenna joint and a sample base, wherein the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic probe is electrically connected to the ultrasonic generator, one end of the ultrasonic probe has an ultrasonic antenna, and the sample base is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic antenna along a first direction; 所述超声波触角接头分别与所述超声波探头、所述样品基座连接,所述超声波触角接头至少具有如下功能:The ultrasonic antenna joint is connected to the ultrasonic probe and the sample base respectively, and the ultrasonic antenna joint has at least the following functions: a.将所述样品基座保持在所述超声波触角的一侧;a. Keeping the sample base on one side of the ultrasonic antenna; b.限制所述样品沿第二方向的运动,保持所述样品基座与所述超声波触角的相对位置稳定,所述第二方向与所述第一方向交叉;b. limiting the movement of the sample along the second direction, maintaining the relative position of the sample base and the ultrasonic antenna stable, the second direction intersecting the first direction; c.使所述样品基座产生沿所述第一方向靠近所述超声波触角的运动趋向,使所述样品基座上的起爆样品与所述超声波触角始终保持紧密接触状态,并调节所述样品基座、所述超声波触角与起爆样品之间的压力,其中,所述压力的大小与所述起爆样品的起爆时间相对应;c. causing the sample base to move toward the ultrasonic antenna along the first direction, so that the detonation sample on the sample base is always in close contact with the ultrasonic antenna, and adjusting the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample, wherein the magnitude of the pressure corresponds to the detonation time of the detonation sample; 所述超声波触角接头包括连接接头和多个限制机构,所述连接接头固定设置在所述超声波探头上,所述限制机构分别与所述连接接头、所述样品基座固定连接,多个所述限制机构环绕设置在所述超声波探头的四周,所述限制机构用于使所述样品基座产生沿所述第一方向靠近所述超声波触角的运动趋向,以及,使所述样品基座上的起爆样品与所述超声波触角始终保持紧密接触状态,并调节所述样品基座、所述超声波触角与起爆样品之间的压力,多个所述限制机构能够限制所述样品基座沿所述第二方向的运动,以保持所述样品基座与所述超声波触角的相对位置稳定;The ultrasonic antenna joint includes a connecting joint and a plurality of limiting mechanisms, wherein the connecting joint is fixedly arranged on the ultrasonic probe, and the limiting mechanisms are respectively fixedly connected to the connecting joint and the sample base, and the plurality of limiting mechanisms are arranged around the ultrasonic probe, and the limiting mechanisms are used to make the sample base move in the first direction close to the ultrasonic antenna, and to make the detonation sample on the sample base always keep in close contact with the ultrasonic antenna, and to adjust the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample, and the plurality of limiting mechanisms can limit the movement of the sample base in the second direction to keep the relative position of the sample base and the ultrasonic antenna stable; 所述样品基座上设置有贯通的定位孔,所述限制机构包括刚性的定位杆和至少两个限位部件,所述定位杆的第一端部与所述连接接头固定连接,第二端部设置在所述定位孔内,所述定位孔的孔径大于所述定位杆的直径,至少两个所述限位部件沿所述定位杆的轴向分别设置在所述样品基座的两侧且与所述定位杆连接,所述样品基座被限制在至少两个所述限位部件之间,其中,所述限位部件于所述定位杆上的位置可调,通过改变所述样品基座于所述定位杆上的位置,可以改变所述样品基座、所述超声波触角与起爆样品之间的压力,其中,所述定位杆为螺纹杆,所述限位部件与所述定位杆通过螺纹连接的方式连接,通过旋拧所述限位部件能够改变所述限位部件于所述定位杆上的位置,所述定位杆的轴向与所述第一方向平行;The sample base is provided with a through positioning hole, the limiting mechanism comprises a rigid positioning rod and at least two limiting components, the first end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the connecting joint, and the second end is arranged in the positioning hole, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the positioning rod, at least two limiting components are respectively arranged on both sides of the sample base along the axial direction of the positioning rod and connected to the positioning rod, the sample base is limited between at least two limiting components, wherein the position of the limiting component on the positioning rod is adjustable, and the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample can be changed by changing the position of the sample base on the positioning rod, wherein the positioning rod is a threaded rod, the limiting component is connected to the positioning rod by a threaded connection, the position of the limiting component on the positioning rod can be changed by screwing the limiting component, and the axial direction of the positioning rod is parallel to the first direction; 或者,所述样品基座上设置有定位孔,所述限制机构包括刚性的定位杆,所述定位杆的第一端部与所述连接接头固定连接,第二端部设置在所述定位孔内,并与所述定位孔过盈配合,所述样品基座于所述定位杆上的位置能够在外力作用下发生改变,通过改变所述样品基座于所述定位杆上的位置,可以改变所述样品基座、所述超声波触角与起爆样品之间的压力,其中,所述定位孔为贯通所述样品基座的通孔或未贯通所述样品基座的槽孔,所述定位杆的轴向与所述第一方向平行;Alternatively, a positioning hole is provided on the sample base, the limiting mechanism comprises a rigid positioning rod, a first end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the connecting joint, and a second end is arranged in the positioning hole and has an interference fit with the positioning hole, the position of the sample base on the positioning rod can be changed under the action of an external force, and the pressure between the sample base, the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample can be changed by changing the position of the sample base on the positioning rod, wherein the positioning hole is a through hole penetrating the sample base or a slotted hole not penetrating the sample base, and the axial direction of the positioning rod is parallel to the first direction; 或者,所述样品基座上设置有定位孔,所述限制机构包括第一限制机构和第二限制机构,所述第一限制机构包括刚性的定位杆,所述定位杆的第一端部与所述连接接头固定连接,第二端部对应设置在所述定位孔内,所述定位孔的孔径大于所述定位杆的直径,且在所述超声波触角与位于所述样品基座上的起爆样品接触以及起爆样品的起爆过程中,所述定位杆与所述定位孔的底部始终保持间隙配合;所述第二限制机构包括弹簧,所述弹簧的两端分别设置在所述样品基座、所述连接接头上,所述弹簧始终处于被弹性拉伸的状态,其中,所述定位杆的轴向、所述弹簧的轴向与所述第一方向平行。Alternatively, a positioning hole is provided on the sample base, and the limiting mechanism includes a first limiting mechanism and a second limiting mechanism, the first limiting mechanism includes a rigid positioning rod, a first end of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the connecting joint, and the second end is correspondingly arranged in the positioning hole, the aperture of the positioning hole is larger than the diameter of the positioning rod, and during the contact between the ultrasonic antenna and the detonating sample located on the sample base and the detonation of the detonating sample, the positioning rod and the bottom of the positioning hole always maintain a clearance fit; the second limiting mechanism includes a spring, two ends of the spring are respectively arranged on the sample base and the connecting joint, and the spring is always in an elastically stretched state, wherein the axial direction of the positioning rod and the axial direction of the spring are parallel to the first direction. 2.根据权利要求1所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述限制机构还包括第一固定支架和第二固定支架,所述第一固定支架固定设置在所述连接接头上,所述第二固定支架固定设置在所述样品基座上,所述弹簧的两端分别可拆卸地设置在所述第一固定支架、所述第二固定支架上。2. According to the ultrasonic energetic material detonating device of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the limiting mechanism also includes a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket, the first fixed bracket is fixedly set on the connecting joint, the second fixed bracket is fixedly set on the sample base, and the two ends of the spring are detachably set on the first fixed bracket and the second fixed bracket respectively. 3.根据权利要求1所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述样品基座上设置有用于容置起爆样品的样品槽,所述定位孔环绕设置在所述样品槽的四周。3. The ultrasonic energetic material detonation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a sample groove for accommodating the detonation sample is provided on the sample base, and the positioning holes are arranged around the four sides of the sample groove. 4.根据权利要求3所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述样品基座上还设置有观察窗口,所述观察窗口与所述样品槽背对设置。4. The ultrasonic energetic material detonation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: an observation window is also provided on the sample base, and the observation window is arranged back to back with the sample slot. 5.根据权利要求1所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述连接接头与所述超声波探头可拆卸地连接。5. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting joint is detachably connected to the ultrasonic probe. 6.根据权利要求5所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述连接接头与所述超声波探头通过螺纹连接的方式固定连接。6. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device according to claim 5, characterized in that the connecting joint and the ultrasonic probe are fixedly connected by a threaded connection. 7.根据权利要求6所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述连接接头具有内螺纹结构,所述超声波探头上具有与所述内螺纹结构匹配的外螺纹结构。7. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting joint has an internal thread structure, and the ultrasonic probe has an external thread structure matching the internal thread structure. 8.根据权利要求1所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述超声波探头、所述超声波触角接头、所述超声波触角以及样品槽同轴设置。8. The ultrasonic energetic material detonation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic antenna joint, the ultrasonic antenna and the sample slot are coaxially arranged. 9.根据权利要求8所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述超声波探头、所述超声波触角接头、所述超声波触角以及样品槽的中轴线位于同一水平高度。9. The ultrasonic energetic material detonation device according to claim 8, characterized in that the central axis of the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasonic antenna joint, the ultrasonic antenna and the sample tank are located at the same horizontal height. 10.根据权利要求1所述超声波含能材料起爆装置,其特征在于:所述超声波含能材料起爆装置还包括:升降架,所述超声波探头设置在所述升降架上,所述升降架用于支撑所述超声波探头以及调节所述超声波探头的水平高度。10. The ultrasonic energetic material detonating device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ultrasonic energetic material detonating device also includes: a lifting frame, the ultrasonic probe is arranged on the lifting frame, and the lifting frame is used to support the ultrasonic probe and adjust the horizontal height of the ultrasonic probe. 11.一种超声波含能材料的起爆方法,其特征在于,所述起爆方法是基于权利要求1-10中任一项所述的超声波含能材料起爆装置实施的,并且,所述起爆方法包括:11. A method for initiating an ultrasonic energetic material, characterized in that the method is implemented based on the ultrasonic energetic material initiating device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and the method comprises: 将含能材料包裹在柔性聚合物材料内形成“三明治”夹层类的起爆样品,并将所述起爆样品置于所述样品基座上,调节所述超声波触角接头,以使所述超声波触角与所述起爆样品保持紧密接触;Wrapping the energetic material in the flexible polymer material to form a "sandwich" type detonation sample, placing the detonation sample on the sample base, and adjusting the ultrasonic antenna joint to keep the ultrasonic antenna in close contact with the detonation sample; 以所述超声波振动发生机构经所述超声波触角对起爆样品施加振动冲击,使得起爆样品中的含能材料不断运动,且在运动的过程中不断与柔性聚合物摩擦生热,直至起爆。The ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism applies vibration impact to the detonation sample through the ultrasonic antenna, so that the energetic material in the detonation sample moves continuously, and in the process of movement, it continuously generates heat by friction with the flexible polymer until detonation. 12.根据权利要求11所述超声波含能材料的起爆方法,其特征在于:所述的起爆方法还包括:调节所述超声波振动发生机构输出的超声波频率以及所述超声波触角与起爆样品之间的压力中的至少一者,以改变起爆样品的起爆时间。12. The method for detonating ultrasonic energetic materials according to claim 11 is characterized in that: the detonation method further comprises: adjusting at least one of the ultrasonic frequency output by the ultrasonic vibration generating mechanism and the pressure between the ultrasonic antenna and the detonation sample to change the detonation time of the detonation sample.
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