Background
In reality, steel plants, cement plants and the like have the technical problems of energy conservation and waste heat utilization, so how to most efficiently utilize the discharged flue gas to recycle heat energy is a subject of continuous reform of technicians. In the steel production process, the energy consumption of the sintering process is about 10% of the total energy consumption, and the second process is next to the iron-making process. Of the total energy consumption of the sintering process, approximately 50% of the heat energy is discharged to the atmosphere in the form of sensible heat of the sintering machine flue gas and the cooler off gas. Since the temperature of the sintering cooler exhaust gas is not high, the heat is not recovered in the normal case, or only a simple heat exchanger is used for waste heat absorption, so that the recovery efficiency is low, and the amount of generated steam is small.
In the actual flue gas waste heat utilization technology, two or more flue gases with different temperatures are mixed in advance and then enter a waste heat boiler or a heat exchanger for heat exchange. This approach makes very low energy utilization of the flue gas due to the lack of sufficient use of the high quality heat of the high temperature flue gas.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN101017059A discloses a method and a device for utilizing the waste heat of the flue gas, which are characterized in that various flue gases with different temperatures enter a waste heat boiler or a heat exchanger through separate channels/inlets, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced through a high-temperature heat exchange surface/area/cavity, and when the temperature is reduced to be equal to the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas, the flue gas is mixed, and the flue gas flows through the low-temperature heat exchange surface together, so that the waste heat of the flue gas with different temperatures is recycled to the greatest extent. The method of the invention is that various flue gases with different temperatures enter a boiler or a heat exchanger in a split way, the high-temperature flue gases are cooled through a high-temperature heat exchange surface/area/cavity, and when the temperature is reduced to be equal to the temperature of the low-temperature flue gases, the flue gases are mixed, wherein the temperature difference between the high-temperature flue gases and the low-temperature flue gases is more than 50 ℃, so that the waste heat of the flue gases is recovered and utilized to the maximum extent. The invention also comprises a device for realizing the method, which consists of a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas inlet, a high-temperature heat exchange surface/area/cavity, a low-temperature heat exchange surface/area/cavity, a mixed heat exchange surface/area/cavity and a flue gas discharge port. The Chinese patent application publication No. CN101598506A discloses a cold and hot water exchange device utilizing waste heat of waste gas. The device comprises an exhaust gas pool, an air inlet pipe and a heating water pipe, wherein the air inlet pipe is inserted into the exhaust gas pool, hot exhaust gas is introduced into the air inlet pipe, the heating water pipe is a plurality of circulating water pipes which are spirally bent, two ends of the heating water pipe extend out of the exhaust gas pool (1), one end of the heating water pipe is a water inlet, the other end of the heating water pipe is a water outlet, water is filled in the exhaust gas pool, and an air outlet of the air inlet pipe and the circulating water pipe are immersed under the water surface. The Chinese patent publication No. CN105485915A discloses a flue gas waste heat recovery device for an oil-fired and gas-fired boiler, so as to solve the problems of large occupied area and difficult installation of the existing flue gas waste heat recovery device. The support tube, the inner wall and the outer wall are coaxially arranged from inside to outside in sequence, an inner chamber is arranged between the support tube and the inner wall, an outer chamber is arranged between the inner wall and the outer wall, the economizer annular header is arranged at the upper ends of the inner wall and the outer wall, the bottom flue is arranged at the lower ends of the inner wall and the outer wall, the lower end of the smoke outlet pipe is communicated with the inner chamber, the upper end of the economizer annular header is communicated with the atmosphere, an annular smoke inlet communicated with the smoke inlet channel is arranged on the inner ring side wall of the economizer annular header, the upper end of the economizer tube bundle is communicated with the economizer annular header, the lower end of the economizer tube bundle is communicated with the bottom flue, the upper end of the light pipe air preheater tube bundle is communicated with the smoke outlet pipe, the lower end of the economizer annular header is communicated with the bottom flue, the inner chamber flue baffles are spirally arranged in the inner chamber from top to bottom, and the outer chamber flue baffles are spirally arranged between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate from bottom to top. The invention is used for the oil-gas boiler.
The boiler for realizing the recovery and utilization of the waste heat of the flue gas is feasible in principle, but has the following problems that 1, the boiler flue system is greatly improved, the investment is high, the occupied area of a flue gas treatment system is increased, 2, the system has more equipment, complex structure, great control difficulty and high operation failure rate, 3, a plurality of water pumps are arranged in the system, the energy consumption of the system and the recovery cost of wet flue gas water are increased, and 4, the recovery of water vapor in the flue gas is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a boiler provided with a low-energy-consumption flue gas waste heat recovery device, the device is used for reforming a horizontal flue of the boiler, and on the premise of not generating additional energy consumption, the natural convection of ambient air and saturated wet flue gas is realized by utilizing the self heat of the saturated wet flue gas, the cooling of the saturated wet flue gas is realized, and the purposes of recovering the waste heat and water of the saturated wet flue gas are achieved. The device can reduce the investment and the running cost of the flue gas waste heat recovery process.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A boiler of an anti-corrosion smoke waste heat recovery device comprises a horizontal flue, wherein the smoke waste heat recovery device is arranged in the horizontal flue, the smoke waste heat recovery device comprises a smoke cooling mechanism, the cooling mechanism comprises cooling pipes which are arranged in the vertical direction, the upper ends and the lower ends of the cooling pipes are respectively connected with a cooling pipe converging plate and pass through pipe holes of the cooling pipe converging plate, air enters the pipe holes at the lower ends of the cooling pipes and flows out of the pipe holes at the upper ends in a natural convection mode, smoke exchanges heat with the cooling pipes through the cooling pipes, the cooling pipes are divided into an upstream part and a downstream part along the smoke flow direction, the materials of the cooling pipes at the upstream part and the downstream part are different, and the corrosion resistance of the cooling pipes at the downstream part is higher than that of the cooling pipes at the upstream part.
As an improvement, the cooling tube at the downstream part has better corrosion resistance along the flow direction of the flue gas.
As an improvement, by separating the upstream and downstream cooling pipes, the upstream and downstream cooling pipes can be replaced individually.
As improvement, the upstream part carries out full waste heat utilization, can greatly improve waste heat utilization efficiency, outputs high-temperature air, and the downstream can utilize waste heat utilization and water recovery, outputs low-temperature air, can realize the waste heat utilization of different temperatures, outputs the air of different temperatures, also can separate waste heat utilization and water recovery simultaneously.
The flue gas cooling mechanism is inserted from the upper wall surface of the horizontal flue of the boiler, so that the flue gas cooling pipes penetrate through the horizontal flue of the boiler, and the cooling pipe converging plate is assembled and connected with the upper wall surface of the horizontal flue of the boiler by using a flange.
As an improvement, the water outlet is positioned in the geometric center of the bottom surface of the condensed water collecting tank and is connected with the outside through a pipeline and a valve so as to discharge condensed water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the invention, the upstream cooling pipe and the downstream cooling pipe are separated, so that different materials are arranged according to different conditions, and the cost can be greatly reduced under the conditions of efficiently absorbing waste heat and recycling water. .
2. The invention is based on the flue gas indirect condensation technology, and only the original horizontal flue of the boiler is modified, so that the investment is small. Compared with the prior art, the flue gas treatment system does not need to be additionally provided with equipment such as a spray tower and the like, and the occupied area of the flue gas treatment system can not be increased.
3. The invention utilizes the self heat of saturated wet flue gas to drive the natural convection of the ambient air and the saturated wet flue gas, thereby realizing the waste heat recovery of the wet flue gas and the recovery of water. Compared with the prior art, energy consumption equipment such as a water pump is not needed, and the cost of wet flue gas water recovery is reduced.
4. The invention changes the distribution density of the downstream cooling pipes, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of water on the whole, avoiding dry and too much water distribution on the cooling pipes, and ensuring the service life of the pipes and sufficient condensation recovery of water.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all directional indications (such as upper and lower..once.. Times.) in the embodiments of the present invention are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indication is changed accordingly.
Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
Moreover, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the embodiments, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that the combination of the technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
The utility model provides a set up low energy consumption flue gas waste heat recovery device's boiler, the boiler includes horizontal flue 5, set up flue gas waste heat recovery device in the horizontal flue 5, flue gas waste heat recovery device is as shown in fig. 1, including the flue gas cooling mechanism, cooling mechanism includes cooling tube 3 that vertical direction set up, and cooling tube 3 upper end and lower extreme are connected cooling tube respectively and are converged board 1 and pass from cooling tube's the tube hole that converges board 1, and the air flows from the tube hole of cooling tube lower extreme entering through the tube hole of upper end through natural convection's mode, flue gas exchanges heat with the cooling tube through the cooling tube.
The invention has small transformation and simple structure, is based on the flue gas indirect condensation technology, and only performs transformation on the original horizontal flue of the boiler, thereby having small investment. Compared with the prior art, the flue gas treatment system does not need to be additionally provided with equipment such as a spray tower and the like, and the occupied area of the flue gas treatment system can not be increased.
As an improvement, as shown in fig. 6, the beam-converging plate at the upper end of the cooling tube is arranged on the outer surface of the upper end of the flue, the beam-converging plate at the lower end of the cooling tube is of a box structure, the upper surface of the box is open, the other surfaces are closed, the lower surface of the box is arranged on the outer surface of the lower end of the flue, a certain distance is formed between the lower surface of the box and the outer surface of the lower end, a tube hole is formed in the lower surface of the box, and a water outlet 4 is formed in the middle of the lower surface of the box.
The Chinese patent inventions with publication numbers of CN 110124465B, CN 111974177A and CN 110124500B all adopt a mode of combining a water collecting tower with condensate water circulation to realize wet flue gas water recycling, and the principle is feasible. The boiler flue system is greatly improved, the investment is high, and the occupied area of the flue gas treatment system is increased. 2. The system has the advantages of more devices, complex structure, high control difficulty and high operation failure rate. 3. And a plurality of water pumps are arranged in the system, so that the energy consumption of the system and the wet flue gas water recovery cost are increased.
The invention is provided with the device for condensing and recycling the water in the flue gas, has small transformation and simple structure, is based on the indirect condensation technology of the flue gas, and has small investment by only transforming on the original horizontal flue of the boiler. Compared with the prior art, the flue gas treatment system does not need to be additionally provided with equipment such as a spray tower and the like, and the occupied area of the flue gas treatment system can not be increased. Can realize the recovery of waste heat and the recovery of water in the wet air at the same time. A significant improvement over prior art recovery systems.
As an improvement, the inside of the plurality of flue gas cooling pipes 3 is an air-homogenizing flow passage, the bottom end is an air inlet, the top end is an air outlet, and the flue is penetrated.
As an improvement, the temperature of the wet flue gas is 50-55 ℃, the relative humidity is 100%, and the temperature difference between the ambient air and the wet flue gas is 35-80 ℃.
As an improvement, the cooling pipe 3 is divided into an upstream portion and a downstream portion along the flow direction of the flue gas, the tank structure (condensate recovery tank) is disposed at the downstream portion, the air of the cooling pipe at the upstream portion exchanges heat with the flue gas by forced convection, and the air at the downstream portion exchanges heat by natural convection.
The cooling pipe is divided into two parts, the upstream part carries out full waste heat utilization, the waste heat utilization efficiency can be greatly improved, high-temperature air is output, and the downstream part can utilize the waste heat utilization and the water recovery. The low-temperature air is output, so that the waste heat utilization of different temperatures can be realized, the air with different temperatures can be output, the waste heat utilization and the water recovery can be separated, the full recovery of heat and the full recovery of water are ensured, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is improved.
As an improvement, the flue gas of the upstream portion is provided with a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the flue gas, and the air flow rate into the cooling pipe of the upstream portion is controlled by the detected flue gas temperature. The generation of condensed water at the upstream is avoided by detecting the temperature of the flue gas, and the recovery of heat and the collection of water are affected.
As a modification, the controller controls the blower to decrease the air flow rate into the upstream portion cooling pipe if the detected temperature of the upstream portion flue gas is lower than a set value, and controls the blower to increase the air flow rate into the upstream portion cooling pipe if the detected temperature of the upstream portion flue gas is higher than the set value. By means of automatic control, the temperature of the upstream flue gas is kept above the dew point, and condensation of water is avoided. Preferably, the temperature setting is higher than the dew point temperature.
As an improvement, the cooling tube material of the upstream portion and the downstream portion are different. The downstream cooling tube has a greater corrosion resistance than the upstream cooling tube. There is a problem of low temperature corrosion because condensate water is required downstream. By separating the upstream cooling pipe from the downstream cooling pipe, different materials are arranged according to different conditions, and the cost can be greatly reduced under the conditions of efficiently absorbing waste heat and recycling water.
As an improvement, the cooling pipes in the downstream portion are distributed more and more densely along the flow direction of the flue gas. The invention changes the distribution density of the downstream cooling pipes, thereby ensuring uniform distribution of water on the whole, avoiding dry and too much water distribution on the cooling pipes, and ensuring the service life of the pipes and sufficient condensation recovery of water.
As an improvement, the distribution density of the cooling pipes in the downstream portion is increasing in the flow direction of the flue gas. The arrangement can further meet the requirement that the condensate water is uniformly distributed.
As an improvement, the cooling tube at the downstream part has better corrosion resistance along the flow direction of the flue gas. The cooling water is not excessive due to low downstream temperature, so that the overall corrosion resistance can be increased by increasing the corrosion resistance of the downstream cooling pipe, the cost is further reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
By separating the upstream and downstream cooling pipes, the upstream and downstream cooling pipes can be replaced individually. For example, the downstream corrosion performance results in a short cooling tube life, and therefore a high replacement frequency, and by separating the upstream from the downstream, the overall replacement is avoided, and efficiency is improved.
As an example, as shown in fig. 1-6, a low energy wet flue gas heat and water recovery device includes a flue gas cooling mechanism and a condensate collection mechanism. The flue gas cooling mechanism consists of a cooling pipe converging plate 1 and a plurality of flue gas cooling pipes 3, and the condensed water collecting mechanism comprises a condensed water collecting tank 2 and a water outlet 4. The low-energy-consumption wet flue gas water recovery device is arranged in the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler, can be modified on the original horizontal flue, is connected with the horizontal flue 5 in an assembling way through a flange, or is manufactured along with a new flue.
The flue gas cooling pipes 3 are arranged in staggered mode and form 90 degrees with the flow direction of wet flue gas, and the arrangement mode of the flue gas cooling pipes is shown in figure 3.
As shown in fig. 5, a plurality of flue gas cooling pipes 3 are fixed on a cooling pipe converging plate 1 to form a flue gas cooling mechanism. The flue gas cooling mechanism is inserted from the upper wall surface of the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler, so that the flue gas cooling pipe 3 penetrates through the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler, and the cooling pipe converging plate 1 is assembled and connected with the upper wall surface of the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler by using a flange. The condensate water collecting mechanism is assembled and connected with the wall surface of the lower part of the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler by using a flange, and each flue gas cooling pipe is matched with a pipe bundle mounting hole of the condensate water collecting tank, so that the tightness of a flue gas flow channel is ensured. The water outlet 4 is positioned in the geometric center of the bottom surface of the condensed water collecting tank and is connected with the outside through a pipeline and a valve to discharge condensed water.
The specific heat and water recovery process is as follows:
The saturated wet flue gas after wet desulfurization flows into the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler through the flue gas inlet 5-1, the air in the flue gas cooling pipe 3 is heated by the saturated wet flue gas in the horizontal flue 5 of the boiler, the ambient air is heated and the density is reduced. The density difference between the air in the flue gas cooling pipe 3 and the ambient air below the air inlet 3-1 enables the air to generate upward self-ventilation wind power, the ambient air spontaneously flows in from the air inlet 3-1 and flows out from the air outlet 3-2, and natural convection is formed between the ambient air and saturated wet flue gas. The saturated wet flue gas continuously releases heat in the convective heat transfer process, and the water vapor therein releases the latent heat of vaporization and condenses into water on the surface of the flue gas cooling tube 3. Because the flue gas cooling pipe 3 and the flue gas flow direction are 90 degrees, the water condensed on the outer surface of the flue gas cooling pipe 3 flows into the condensed water collecting tank 2 under the action of gravity and is discharged through the water outlet 4, and the water recovery is completed.
Examples
Taking a 600 MW unit with a smoke flow rate of 200 Nm3/h and a smoke flow rate of 15 m/s as an example, the temperature of a smoke inlet is 50 ℃ and the relative humidity is 100%. By adopting the low-energy-consumption flue gas water recovery device, flue gas cooling pipes with DN 40 size are selected, the flue gas cooling pipes are arranged in staggered mode, and 16 rows of pipe bundles (39 first rows and 38 second rows) are arranged in total, and 616 flue gas cooling pipes are arranged in total. The device can realize water recovery of 5.13 t/day in spring/autumn (environment air temperature of 10 ℃), 4.59 t/day in summer (environment temperature of 20 ℃) and 5.98 t/day in winter (environment temperature of-20 ℃).
The water recovery amounts achievable by the low energy flue gas water recovery device using flue gas cooling pipes of different pipe diameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Water recovery of Low energy Wet flue Water recovery device (t/day)
(Note: spring/autumn temperature is 10 ℃, summer temperature is 20 ℃, winter temperature is-20 ℃;
when DN 32 steel pipes are selected, the first row of 45 pipes and the second row of 44 pipes are used, and the total number of the devices is 712;
When DN 40 steel pipes are selected, 39 pipes in the first row and 38 pipes in the second row are used, and 616 pipes are arranged in the device;
When DN 50 steel pipes are selected, the first row of 31 pipes and the second row of 10 pipes are arranged, and 488 pipes are arranged;
when DN 70 steel pipes are selected, 25 pipes are arranged in the first row, 24 pipes are arranged in the second row, and 392 pipes are arranged in the device. )
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the invention is not so limited. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.