CN118028685B - Preparation method of high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and relates to a preparation method of high-speed tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder steel of high-end special steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting raw material powder; step 2, mixing the raw material powder and then performing special hot isostatic pressing; and step 3, performing special heat treatment to obtain the high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel. The invention improves the hardness, strength and toughness through a multiple strengthening mechanism of the cobalt-tungsten-containing high-speed steel, and can exert friction self-antifriction property at high temperature. The material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention belongs to high-end products in the special steel, has the advantages of uniform carbide distribution, small size, good material molding and excellent comprehensive performance, is particularly suitable for occasions with higher requirements on comprehensive performances such as hardness, wear resistance and the like, and is easy to realize industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, and relates to a preparation method of high-speed tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder steel of high-end special steel.
Background
It is known in the art that powder high-speed steel has the characteristics of fine dispersion of carbide, excellent mechanical and wear-resistant properties, long service life and the like, and is commonly used as a component such as a broach, a milling cutter, a screw and the like in industries such as powder metallurgy, machining, building materials and the like. The common high-speed steel preparation process comprises electroslag remelting, casting, surface layer electroplating, extrusion, vacuum quenching, surface nitriding and other processes, and the product prepared by the processes has lower hardness, strength, wear resistance and other performances, can only meet lower service performance requirements, and is difficult or even impossible to apply to occasions with higher overall mechanical and wear resistance and other comprehensive performance requirements.
The hot isostatic pressing process has the advantages of high compactness of the high-speed steel material, capability of greatly improving the overall mechanical property and the like, and the high-speed steel subjected to heat treatment shows obvious performance advantages (see literature, mater. Design 2023;230: 111991), so that the powder high-speed steel subjected to hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment is commonly used for preparing high-end workpieces. For example, in the hot isostatic pressing powder high-speed steel, the cobalt-tungsten-based powder high-speed steel has the remarkable advantages of excellent high-temperature hardness, high-temperature strength, high-temperature wear resistance and the like after heat treatment, and is an ideal material in the fields of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, die processing and the like. However, the related technology of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel which can realize industrialization and has the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and high performance by a hot isostatic pressing method in the prior art is still blank.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel, when the raw material is tungsten-based or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder, cobalt element in the tungsten-based or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is distributed in an iron matrix, so that the high-speed steel has good high-temperature performance; in addition, when the raw material is a mixture formed by tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder in a specific mass ratio, the metal ceramic powder (such as Cr 2 AlC powder, moSi 2N4 powder or Cr 2AlB2 powder) is relatively stable, and the friction self-antifriction performance can be exerted at high temperature due to the multi-layer lamellar structure similar to graphite, so that the effect of dual-lifting high-temperature wear resistance can be achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The preparation method of the high-speed steel with the high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting raw materials:
The raw materials are tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder with the grain diameter of 5-150 mu m;
or the raw material is a mixture of tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, or the raw material is a mixture of cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, and the particle sizes of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder, the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure are all 5-150 mu m;
step 2, putting the raw materials into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath;
And step 3, quenching and tempering heat treatment are carried out on the tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath for 2-4 times, so that the high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel is obtained.
Specifically, the mass percentage of W element in the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder is 5% -20%, and the mass percentage of Co element is 2% -10%.
Specifically, the mass percentage of W element in the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is 5% -10%, and the mass percentage of Co element is 6% -12%.
Specifically, when the raw material is a mixture of tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, or when the raw material is a mixture of cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder to the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure is 7:3-19:1, and the mixture is uniformly mixed by a mixer according to the mass ratio and then placed into a sheath.
Specifically, in step2, the hot isostatic pressing process includes:
firstly, heating to 900-1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 100-200 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5-3 h;
then cooling to 700-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.5-4.5 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 30-100 MPa, and maintaining the temperature for 0.5-3 hours;
And finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
Specifically, in the step 3, the quenching process comprises the following steps: controlling the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace to be within the range of 1X 10 -5Pa~1×10-2 Pa;
firstly, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-8 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 10-30 minutes;
heating to 1100-1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 5-15 min;
and finally quenching in quenching liquid to room temperature.
Specifically, the quenching liquid is oil or molten salt.
Specifically, in step 3, in the tempering heat treatment for 2-4 times, the process of each tempering heat treatment is as follows: and (3) heating to 500-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 0.5-1.5 h, and air cooling to room temperature.
Specifically, the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure is Cr 2 AlC powder. Alternatively, the Cr 2 AlC powder may be replaced with MoSi 2N4 powder or Cr 2AlB2 powder.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) When the raw materials only select tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder, cobalt element in the tungsten-based or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is distributed in the iron matrix, and some formed tiny carbide is dissolved in austenite in the iron matrix, so that the high-speed steel has good high-temperature performance;
2) A cermet powder having a multi-layered flake structure (e.g., cr 2 AlC powder) was selected as one of the raw materials because: the metal ceramic powder is stable at relatively high temperature, can keep a multilayer lamellar structure, can prevent crack growth, improves fracture toughness, has high-temperature friction self-antifriction property, and can increase high-temperature wear resistance of powder high-speed steel. Meanwhile, cr 2 AlC powder can be decomposed at a higher temperature to generate Cr-containing carbide and Al 2O3, and once cracks are generated, the Cr-containing carbide and Al 2O3 can be filled into the cracks to form crack self-recovery behaviors, so that the sudden failure of the material at a high temperature can be prevented;
3) On the basis of the raw material of tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder, the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder contains cobalt element, and the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder (such as Cr 2 AlC powder) with a multilayer lamellar structure can play a role in dual-lifting high-temperature mechanical property and wear resistance at a higher temperature; in addition, after the self-recovery of cracks at higher temperature, the strength of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is slightly reduced or leveled compared with that before the cracks are generated, and even the strength of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is beyond the original level, so that the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder has incomparable thermal shock resistance advantages;
4) The hot isostatic pressing speed, temperature, time and pressure within a specific numerical range are selected, so that the current material can be effectively ensured to be well molded, and cracks and micropores are avoided;
5) The heat treatment process with a specific numerical range is selected, so that cracking and hole generation of the material can be effectively avoided, carbide can be re-dissolved and uniformly precipitated and distributed, and the carbide is controlled within a certain size range (0.5-2 mu m), so that the hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of the powder high-speed steel are greatly improved;
6) The high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel prepared by the method belongs to high-end products in special steel, has excellent normal-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties and wear resistance, and has good combination of tungsten-based or cobalt-based Gao Sugang phases and Cr 2 AlC interfaces and excellent comprehensive performance, thereby being particularly suitable for occasions with higher requirements on comprehensive properties such as hardness and wear resistance, and being easy to realize industrial production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate principles of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing high-speed steel by using high-end special steel tungsten-based powder;
FIG. 2 is a 500-time scanning electron microscope image of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a drawing of a 2000-fold scanning electron microscope of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a 10000-fold scanning electron microscope image of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the invention. Rather, they are merely examples of certain aspects of the invention that are consistent with the details of the claims below.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, this embodiment provides a method for preparing a high-speed steel with high-end special steel tungsten-based powder, which includes the following steps:
step 1, selecting tungsten-based high-speed steel powder as a raw material; the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder comprises the following main alloy components: 20% of W, 10% of Co and 150 μm in particle size;
Step 2, putting the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder in the step 1 into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain the tungsten-based high-speed steel with the sheath; the hot isostatic pressing process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 200MPa, preserving heat and pressure for 3h, then cooling to 900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 4.5 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 100MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 3h; finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
Step 3, quenching and tempering the high-speed steel with the tungsten-based powder with the sheath obtained in the step 2 for 4 times;
The quenching process comprises the following steps: the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace is 1 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa, the temperature is firstly increased to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and the heat is preserved for 30min; then heating to 1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 15min; finally quenching in oil to room temperature;
The 4 tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5h, cooling to room temperature by air, repeating the heat treatment process for 4 times to obtain the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (I), wherein the hardness is HRC66 and the fracture toughness is 25 MPa.m 1/2 through test.
Fig. 2 is a 500-time scanning electron microscope image of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (one) prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the material is relatively compact, a large number of white carbide particles (mainly containing W) are uniformly distributed in most areas, gray carbide particles are distributed in a small part of areas, and cobalt is contained in the black iron matrix.
Fig. 3 is a drawing of a 2000-fold scanning electron microscope of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (one) prepared in this example, and it is clear from fig. 3 that the white carbide particles are fine in size and irregular in shape, and gray carbide particles can be found near the white particles, and the white carbide particles are also fine in size and irregular in shape.
Fig. 4 is a 10000-fold scanning electron microscope image of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (one) prepared in the embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the sizes of white and gray carbides are about 1 μm or less, the shape is polygonal, the functions of fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening are achieved, and high hardness and high wear resistance can be provided for the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel.
Example 2
The embodiment provides another preparation method of high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and Cr 2 AlC powder as raw materials; the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder comprises the following main alloy components: 5% of W, 2% of Co, 5 mu m of grain size and 5 mu m of grain size of Cr 2 AlC powder;
Step 2, mixing the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and Cr 2 AlC powder in the step 1 by a mixer (the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder to the Cr 2 AlC powder is 7:3), then putting the mixture into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath; the hot isostatic pressing process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min, pressurizing to 100MPa, preserving heat and pressure for 0.5h, then cooling to 700 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 30MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5h; finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
step 3, quenching and tempering the high-speed steel with the tungsten-based powder with the sheath obtained in the step 2 for 2 times;
The quenching process comprises the following steps: the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace is 1X 10 -5 Pa, the temperature is firstly increased to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, the heat is preserved for 10min, then the temperature is increased to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of5 ℃/min, and the heat is preserved for 5min; finally quenching in oil to room temperature;
the 2 tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 500 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5h, cooling to room temperature by air, repeating the heat treatment process for 2 times to obtain high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (II), wherein the hardness is HRC63 and the fracture toughness is 28 MPa.m 1/2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and Cr 2 AlC powder as raw materials; the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder comprises the following main alloy components: 12.5 percent of W, 6 percent of Co, the grain diameter is 77.5 mu m, and the grain diameter of Cr 2 AlC powder is 77.5 mu m;
Step 2, mixing the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and Cr 2 AlC powder in the step 1 by a mixer (the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder to the Cr 2 AlC powder is 33:7), then putting the steel into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath; the hot isostatic pressing process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃/min, pressurizing to 150MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 1.75h; then cooling to 800 ℃ at a cooling rate of 2.5 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 65MPa, and preserving the heat and the pressure for 1.75 hours; finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
step 3, quenching and tempering the high-speed steel with the tungsten-based powder with the sheath obtained in the step 2 for 3 times;
The quenching process comprises the following steps: the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace is 5.005 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, the temperature is firstly increased to 850 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per minute, and the heat is preserved for 20 minutes; then heating to 1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 10min; finally quenching in oil to room temperature;
The 3 tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, cooling to room temperature by air, repeating the heat treatment process for 3 times to obtain high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (III), wherein the hardness is HRC68 and the fracture toughness is 27MPa m 1/2.
Example 4
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, selecting cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and MoSi 2N4 powder as raw materials; the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder comprises the following main alloy components: 6% of W, 8% of Co, 100 mu m of grain size and 75 mu m of grain size of MoSi 2N4 powder;
Step 2, mixing the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and the MoSi 2N4 powder in the step 1 by a mixer (the mass ratio of the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder to the MoSi 2N4 powder is 19:1), then putting the mixture into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain the cobalt-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath; the hot isostatic pressing process comprises the following steps: firstly, heating to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, pressurizing to 130MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 2 hours; then cooling to 850 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 60MPa, and preserving the heat and the pressure for 2 hours; finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
step 3, quenching and tempering the high-speed steel with the wrapped cobalt-based powder obtained in the step 2 for 4 times;
the quenching process comprises the following steps: the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, the temperature is firstly increased to 860 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and the heat is preserved for 25min; heating to 1140 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8min; finally quenching in oil to room temperature;
The 4 tempering heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating to 560 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.8h, cooling to room temperature by air, repeating the heat treatment process for 4 times to obtain high-end special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (IV), wherein the hardness is HRC64 and the fracture toughness is 26 MPa.m 1/2.
Example 5
This embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: replacing the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder in the first step with cobalt-based high-speed steel powder: the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder mainly comprises 8% of Co element by mass and 6% of W element by mass. A high-grade, special steel, tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (five) was obtained in the same manner as in example 1, and was tested to have a hardness of HRC65 and a fracture toughness of 28 MPa.m 1/2.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the embodiment 3, the comparative example provides a preparation method of special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (six), which is different from the embodiment 3 in that:
The tungsten-based high-speed steel powder in the raw materials comprises the following main alloy components: 12% of W, 5% of Co, the grain diameter is 150 mu m, and the grain diameter of Cr 2 AlC powder is 75 mu m; and the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder to the Cr 2 AlC powder is 1:1.
The other preparation processes are the same as in example 3, and a special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (six) is prepared, wherein the hardness is HRC61 and the fracture toughness is 18MPa m 1/2.
Comparative example 2
On the basis of example 3, this comparative example provides a method for producing a special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (seven), which is different from example 3 in that: the hot isostatic pressing process is different.
The hot isostatic pressing process used in this comparative example is:
Heating to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, pressurizing to 150MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 2h; and finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace.
The other preparation processes are the same as in example 3, and a special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (seven) is prepared, wherein the hardness is HRC63 and the fracture toughness is 22MPa m 1/2.
Comparative example 3
On the basis of example 3, this comparative example provides a method for producing a special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (eight), which differs from example 3 in that: the quenching process is different.
The quenching process adopted in this comparative example is as follows:
The vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa, the temperature is raised to 1210 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and the heat is preserved for 10min; finally quenching in oil to room temperature.
The other preparation processes are the same as in example 3, and a special steel tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (eight) is prepared, wherein the hardness is HRC64 and the fracture toughness is 21MPa m 1/2.
By comparing comparative example 1 with example 3, it is known that: although the content of the cermet powder of the multilayered flake structure of comparative example 1 was higher (50% by weight), the higher content of the cermet powder increased the production cost of the current tungsten-based powder high-speed steel. In addition, too much cermet powder made the particles not effectively dispersed, resulting in agglomeration, and the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (six) produced in comparative example 1 was lower in hardness and fracture toughness (comparative example 1: hardness HRC61, fracture toughness 18mpa·m 1/2; example 3: hardness HRC68, fracture toughness 27mpa·m 1/2).
By comparing comparative example 2 with example 3, it is known that: comparative example 2 adopts a hot isostatic pressing process of ' directly heating to a target hot isostatic pressing temperature, then pressurizing, preserving heat and maintaining pressure and then cooling, but ' direct furnace cooling without controlling cooling rate ' can cause excessive rapid transition of carbide in high-speed steel and a matrix to generate thermal stress, so that holes and cracks are easy to generate, and the hardness and toughness of the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (seven) prepared in comparative example 2 are lower (comparative example 2: the hardness is HRC63, the fracture toughness is 22 MPa.m 1/2; example 3: the hardness is HRC68, and the fracture toughness is 27 MPa.m 1/2).
By comparing comparative example 3 with example 3, it is known that: the comparative example 3 adopts a fast heating rate to directly heat up to the heat treatment quenching temperature, and the excessive fast heating rate causes larger thermal stress of carbide and matrix in the high-speed steel, and crack generation is easy to occur, so that the hardness and toughness of the tungsten-based powder high-speed steel (eight) prepared in the comparative example 3 are lower (the hardness is HRC64, the fracture toughness is 21 MPa-m 1/2, the hardness is HRC68, and the fracture toughness is 27 MPa-m 1/2 in the comparative example 3).
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to what has been described above and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the high-speed steel with the high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, selecting raw materials:
The raw materials are a mixture of tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, and the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder to the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure is 7:3-19:1; or the raw material is a mixture of cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and metal ceramic powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, and the mass ratio of the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder to the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure is 7:3-19:1; the particle sizes of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder, the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure are all 5-150 mu m;
Wherein the mass percentage of W element in the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder is 5% -20%, and the mass percentage of Co element is 2% -10%; the mass percentage of the W element in the cobalt-based high-speed steel powder is 5% -10%, and the mass percentage of the Co element is 6% -12%; the metal ceramic powder with the multilayer lamellar structure is Cr 2 AlC powder;
step 2, putting the raw materials into a sheath for degassing, and performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath; the hot isostatic pressing process comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating to 900-1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, pressurizing to 100-200 MPa, and preserving heat and pressure for 0.5-3 h;
then cooling to 700-900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.5-4.5 ℃/min, reducing the pressure to 30-100 MPa, and maintaining the temperature for 0.5-3 hours;
Finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;
Step 3, quenching and tempering heat treatment are carried out on the tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel with the sheath for 2-4 times to obtain high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel; wherein,
The quenching process comprises the following steps: controlling the vacuum degree of the heat treatment furnace to be within the range of 1X 10 -5Pa~1×10-2 Pa;
firstly, heating to 800-900 ℃ at a heating rate of 2-8 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 10-30 minutes;
heating to 1100-1300 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃ per minute, and preserving heat for 5-15 min;
Finally quenching in quenching liquid to room temperature;
In the tempering heat treatment for 2-4 times, the process of each tempering heat treatment is as follows: and (3) heating to 500-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-15 ℃ per minute, preserving heat for 0.5-1.5 h, and air cooling to room temperature.
2. The method for preparing high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder high-speed steel according to claim 1, wherein when the raw material is a mixture of tungsten-based high-speed steel powder and cermet powder with a multilayer lamellar structure or when the raw material is a mixture of cobalt-based high-speed steel powder and cermet powder with a multilayer lamellar structure, the mixture is uniformly mixed by a mixer according to the mass ratio of the tungsten-based high-speed steel powder or cobalt-based high-speed steel powder to the cermet powder with the multilayer lamellar structure and then put into a sheath.
3. The method for producing high-speed steel of high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder according to claim 1, wherein the quenching liquid is oil or molten salt.
4. The method for preparing high-speed steel with high-end special steel tungsten-based or cobalt-based powder according to claim 1, wherein the Cr 2 AlC powder is replaced by MoSi 2N4 powder or Cr 2AlB2 powder.
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| AT409389B (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-07-25 | Boehler Edelstahl | PM high-speed steel with a high resistance to heat |
| KR100835387B1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-06-04 | 한국야금 주식회사 | PDF multilayer film cutting tool with high hardness and high temperature oxidation resistance |
| CN103667873B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-24 | 长沙市萨普新材料有限公司 | P/m high speed steel and preparation method thereof |
| TW201542337A (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-11-16 | Buss Ag | Self-lubricating composite material and method for the production thereof |
| CN107267877B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-10-02 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | A kind of clean fuel engine powder metallurgy high-speed steel valve seat and its preparation process |
| CN109570508B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2022-03-29 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of oxide dispersion strengthened ferrite steel with double-grain size distribution |
| DE102019122638A1 (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-02-25 | Voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Tool steel for cold work and high speed applications |
| WO2022011721A1 (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-20 | 南京江东实业总公司中保公司 | Powder metallurgy high-speed steel for large-sized complex tool and preparation method therefor |
| CN114457291A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-05-10 | 江苏天工工具新材料股份有限公司 | Composite component powder high-speed steel |
| CN115502391B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-01-09 | 浙江省冶金研究院有限公司 | A method for preparing surface ceramic hardened powder high-speed steel |
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| CN1215091A (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 1999-04-28 | 熔炉材料公司 | High hardness powder metallurgy high-speed steel article |
| CN105908052A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-08-31 | 北京建筑大学 | A Cr2AlC reinforced Fe-based composite material and its preparation method by pressureless sintering |
| CN117089775A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-11-21 | 湖南泰嘉智能科技有限公司 | High-hardness high-wear-resistance powder high-speed steel and preparation method thereof |
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