CN118022500A - Ship carbon capture integrated circulating device and working method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A ship carbon capture integrated circulating device and a working method thereof belong to the technical field of ship energy application. The device comprises an exhaust gas connection carbon collecting unit, a seawater supply cooling unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate generating unit, a cylinder sleeve cooling water circulating unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition storage unit and the like. The high-temperature tail gas and the hydrate generation solution are cooled by the low-temperature seawater in the hydrate generation stage, heat is provided by the cylinder liner cooling water of the engine in the hydrate decomposition stage, and carbon dioxide generated by decomposition is stored, wherein the reaction solution can be recycled. The device is denitrified by the membrane separation device to enrich carbon dioxide gas, and then captures and stores carbon dioxide in waste gas by generating hydrate, so that the capturing efficiency is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the generation and decomposition of the carbon dioxide hydrate are realized by utilizing energy sources such as waste heat, low-temperature seawater and the like, so that the energy efficiency of a ship system is improved, and the energy waste is reduced.

Description

Ship carbon capture integrated circulation device and working method thereof

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of ship energy application, and is a ship carbon capture integrated circulation device.

Background technique

There is a growing global concern about environmental issues and carbon emissions. Ships, as an important means of transportation, are the backbone of global trade, but they are also one of the main sources of carbon emissions. Therefore, inventing a device that can capture and treat carbon dioxide on ships can reduce its impact on climate change. As global attention to climate change continues to increase, governments, organizations and companies are looking for ways to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions from international shipping operations continue to increase, and it has become particularly important to find ways to reduce carbon emissions due to environmental protection and regulatory requirements. In this context, the invention of a device that can capture, treat and store carbon dioxide on ships can be seen as an effective response to global climate change and environmental protection. Such a device is expected to reduce carbon emissions during ship operation and play an important role in the sustainable development of the shipping industry.

China started research on shipborne CCS relatively late, and only published a few related patents in recent years. For example, CN201410621722.9 discloses a technical solution for capturing and recycling _CO2 in ship exhaust gas with ethanolamine, CN201910217968.2 discloses absorbing _CO2 in exhaust gas with sodium hydroxide and regenerating sodium hydroxide with calcium hydroxide, and CN201710589328.5 discloses absorbing _CO2 with sodium hydroxide, regenerating the absorption liquid by electrolysis and collecting the precipitated high-concentration _CO2 . The above solutions generally have the problems of high cost and immature technology.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve the existing carbon dioxide emission problem, the present invention provides an integrated carbon capture circulation system for ships. The system uses a membrane separation denitrification process based on the analysis of the exhaust gas components of the ship and combines it with the ship's own desulfurization process to enrich the carbon dioxide gas, which can greatly improve the capture efficiency, thereby reducing costs and having certain environmental protection and feasibility.

To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a ship carbon capture integrated circulation device, which includes an exhaust gas receiving and carbon collection unit, a seawater supply cooling unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit, and a carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit;

The tail gas in the high-temperature tail gas tank in the exhaust gas receiving carbon collection unit is connected to the membrane separator after passing through the flue gas filter and the compressor, and the membrane separator is provided with a nitrogen concentration detector and a vent valve;

The tail gas in the seawater cooling unit after passing through the membrane separator enters the reactor through the tail gas pump, the first seawater heat exchanger, and the second seawater heat exchanger in sequence; the low-temperature seawater storage tank is connected to the first seawater heat exchanger through the first seawater pump, and is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger through the second seawater pump;

In the carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit, the hydrate generation solution enters the reactor from the hydrate generation solution tank through the third seawater heat exchanger; the low-temperature seawater storage tank is connected to the third seawater heat exchanger through the third seawater pump;

In the carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit, the carbon dioxide hydrate generated in the reactor enters the decomposition reactor through a pipeline, and the decomposed carbon dioxide gas enters the carbon dioxide storage tank through a carbon dioxide pump; the decomposition reactor is connected to the heat exchanger through a cylinder jacket heat exchange circulation pump to exchange heat with the engine.

The reactor is provided with an exhaust valve, a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor.

The reactor is provided with a compression refrigeration cycle device, which uses an evaporator to sequentially connect a compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve.

The decomposition reactor is provided with a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor.

The circulation device is also provided with a computer monitoring system, which is electrically connected with the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor.

The working method of the integrated carbon capture cycle device for ships comprises the following steps:

Carbon dioxide hydrate formation stage: the tail gas is cooled and then enters the reactor, the hydrate formation solution is cooled from the hydrate formation solution tank through the third seawater heat exchanger and then introduced into the reactor, the compression refrigeration cycle equipment provides cooling to the reactor, and the remaining tail gas that is not captured is discharged through the exhaust valve;

Carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage stage: After carbon dioxide hydrate is generated, it enters the decomposition reactor for decomposition. The carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition enters the carbon dioxide storage tank through the carbon dioxide pump. The reaction solution generated by the decomposition is passed into the hydrate generation solution tank for recycling and reuse. During the decomposition process of carbon dioxide hydrate, the required heat is provided by the engine cylinder liner cold circulating water, and the circulating water in the engine cylinder liner exchanges heat with the decomposition reactor through a heat exchanger.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a ship carbon capture integrated circulation system, which achieves the enrichment of carbon dioxide gas through denitrification, and efficiently captures and stores carbon dioxide from ship exhaust gas in the form of hydrates, and utilizes the ship's own waste heat and low-temperature seawater and other energy sources to achieve the decomposition and cooling of carbon dioxide hydrates.

The device uses waste heat and energy in the exhaust gas to decompose carbon dioxide and recirculate water for cooling, which can improve the energy efficiency of the ship system. At the same time, denitrification is carried out through a membrane separation device. The hollow fiber gas separation membrane is used in this device to achieve the enrichment of carbon dioxide gas in the exhaust gas, which greatly increases the proportion of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas and improves the efficiency of hydrate capture of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is converted into hydrates and decomposed again, and the hydrate-generated solution can be recycled again, realizing the recycling of carbon dioxide resources. By reducing the carbon dioxide emitted by ships, it helps to reduce the impact of ships on climate change.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a ship carbon capture integrated circulation device.

In the figure: 1, high temperature tail gas tank, 2, flue gas filter, 3, tail gas pump, 4, first valve, 5, first seawater heat exchanger, 6, second seawater heat exchanger, 7, low temperature seawater storage tank, 8, second valve, 9, third valve, 10, first seawater pump, 11, second seawater pump, 12, fourth valve, 13, third seawater pump, 14, third seawater heat exchanger, 15, hydrate formation solution tank, 16, reactor, 17, decomposition reactor, 18, fifth valve, 19, sixth valve, 20, carbon dioxide pump, 21, seventh valve , 22. Carbon dioxide storage tank, 23. Exhaust valve, 24. First temperature sensor, 25. First pressure sensor, 26. Second temperature sensor, 27. Second pressure sensor, 28. Computer monitoring system, 29. Compressor, 30. Condenser, 31. Throttle valve, 32. Evaporator, 33. Cylinder liner heat exchange circulation pump, 34. Heat exchanger, 35. Engine, 36 Compressor, 37. First intake valve, 38. First exhaust valve, 39. First nitrogen concentration detector, 40. First membrane separator, 41. Second intake valve, 42. Second exhaust valve, 43. Second nitrogen concentration detector, 44. Second membrane separator.

Detailed ways

Example

Figure 1 is an integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships, which captures and stores carbon dioxide in exhaust gas by generating hydrates, and uses energy such as waste heat and low-temperature seawater to achieve the generation and decomposition of carbon dioxide hydrates; the device includes an exhaust gas receiving and carbon collection unit, a seawater supply and cooling unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit, and a control and monitoring unit.

The exhaust gas receiving and carbon collecting unit includes a high-temperature tail gas storage tank 1, a flue gas filter 2, a compressor 36, a first air intake valve 37, a first nitrogen concentration detector 39, a first membrane separator 40, a second air intake valve 41, a second air release valve 42, a second nitrogen concentration detector 43, a second membrane separator 44, a first valve 4 and a tail gas pump 3. The seawater supply cooling unit includes a seawater filtration treatment device and a seawater heat exchanger; the seawater in the seawater filtration treatment device is connected to the heat exchanger through a pump, and the seawater flowing through the heat exchanger is discharged centrally; the carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit includes a reactor, a pipeline for injecting a hydrate generation solution into the reactor, an injection pipeline for high-temperature tail gas after cooling treatment, a hydrate generation solution tank, a hydrate generation solution cooling heat exchanger, and a compression refrigeration cycle device for stopping the supply of cold to the reactor; the compression refrigeration cycle device includes a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, and a throttle valve;

The carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit includes a cylinder jacket cooling water circulation device, a hydrate decomposition reactor, a reaction solution recovery pipeline, and a carbon dioxide gas storage tank.

The high-temperature exhaust gas is stored in the high-temperature exhaust gas tank 1, and then passes through the flue gas filter 2 to filter the solid particles in the flue gas. The filtered high-temperature exhaust gas is boosted to the corresponding separation pressure by the compressor 36 and enters the two parallel first membrane separators 40 and second membrane separators 44. Then the nitrogen in the exhaust gas is separated by the membrane assembly. When the first nitrogen concentration detector 39 and the second nitrogen concentration detector 43 reach the set value, the nitrogen is discharged through the first vent valve 38 and the second vent valve 42 to enrich the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. The remaining gas in the high-temperature exhaust gas passes through the first valve 4 and is pressurized by the exhaust pump 3 to enter the seawater supply cooling unit.

The remaining high-temperature exhaust gas is cooled and heat-exchanged through the first seawater heat exchanger 5 and the second seawater heat exchanger 6. The low-temperature seawater enters the first seawater heat exchanger 5 and the second seawater heat exchanger 6 from the low-temperature seawater storage tank 7 through the second valve 8 and the third valve 9 via the first seawater pump 10 and the second seawater pump 11 as a low-temperature medium to exchange heat with the high-temperature flue gas. Finally, the seawater after heat exchange is discharged in a centralized manner.

The high-temperature tail gas is cooled and then enters the reactor 16, and the hydrate formation solution is cooled from the hydrate formation solution tank 15 to the corresponding temperature through the third seawater heat exchanger 14 and then introduced into the reactor, wherein the reactor is provided with cold energy through the compression refrigeration cycle, and the remaining tail gas not captured is discharged through the vent valve 23. The compression refrigeration cycle includes a compressor 29, a condenser 30, an evaporator 32, and a throttle valve 31.

After being generated at the corresponding temperature and pressure, the carbon dioxide hydrate enters the decomposition reactor 17 and is decomposed at a relatively high temperature. The carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition enters the carbon dioxide storage tank 22 through the carbon dioxide pump 20 and waits for recovery after the ship docks.

During the decomposition process of carbon dioxide hydrate, the required heat is provided by the cylinder jacket cooling water circulation, and the high-temperature cooling water in the cylinder jacket of the engine 35 exchanges heat with the decomposition reactor through the heat exchanger 34.

The control and monitoring unit includes a first temperature sensor 24 and a first pressure sensor 25 located on the generation reactor, and a second temperature sensor 26 and a second pressure sensor 27 located on the decomposition reactor, all of which are connected to a computer monitoring system 28 via a data transmission line.

When the above technical solution is used, the following steps are included:

Carbon dioxide hydrate formation stage: the high-temperature tail gas enters the reactor 16 after being cooled, and the hydrate formation solution is cooled from the hydrate formation solution tank 15 to the corresponding temperature through the third seawater heat exchanger 14 and then introduced into the reactor, wherein the reactor is provided with cold energy through the compression refrigeration cycle, and the remaining tail gas that is not captured is discharged through the vent valve 23.

Carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage stage: After carbon dioxide hydrate is generated under corresponding temperature and pressure, it enters the decomposition reactor 17 and is decomposed at a relatively high temperature. The carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition enters the carbon dioxide storage tank 22 through the carbon dioxide pump 20, and the reaction solution generated by the decomposition is passed into the hydrate generation solution tank 15 for recycling and reuse. During the decomposition process of carbon dioxide hydrate, the required heat is provided by the cylinder jacket cooling water circulation, and the high-temperature cooling water in the cylinder jacket of the engine 35 exchanges heat with the decomposition reactor through the heat exchanger 34.

Claims (6)

1. A ship carbon capture integrated circulation device, characterized in that it includes an exhaust gas receiving and carbon collection unit, a seawater supply and cooling unit, a carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit, and a carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit; The tail gas in the high-temperature tail gas tank (1) in the exhaust gas receiving carbon collection unit passes through a flue gas filter (2) and a compressor (36) and is then connected to a membrane separator, on which a nitrogen concentration detector and a vent valve are provided; The tail gas in the seawater cooling unit that has passed through the membrane separator passes through the tail gas pump (3), the first seawater heat exchanger (5), and the second seawater heat exchanger (6) in sequence and enters the reactor (16); the low-temperature seawater storage tank (7) is connected to the first seawater heat exchanger (5) through the first seawater pump (10), and is connected to the second seawater heat exchanger (6) through the second seawater pump (11); In the carbon dioxide hydrate generation unit, the hydrate generation solution enters the reactor (16) from the hydrate generation solution tank (15) through the third seawater heat exchanger (14); the low-temperature seawater storage tank (7) is connected to the third seawater heat exchanger (14) through the third seawater pump (13); In the carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage unit, the carbon dioxide hydrate generated in the reactor (16) enters the decomposition reactor (17) through a pipeline, and the decomposed carbon dioxide gas enters the carbon dioxide gas storage tank (22) through a carbon dioxide pump (20); the decomposition reactor (17) is connected to the heat exchanger (34) through a cylinder jacket heat exchange circulation pump (33) to exchange heat with the engine (35). 2. The integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: an exhaust valve (23), a first temperature sensor (24) and a first pressure sensor (25) are arranged on the reactor (16). 3. The integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships according to claim 2 is characterized in that: a compression refrigeration circulation device is arranged on the reactor (16), and the compression refrigeration circulation device uses an evaporator (32) to sequentially connect a compressor (29), a condenser (30) and a throttle valve (31). 4. The integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships according to claim 3, characterized in that: a second temperature sensor (26) and a second pressure sensor (27) are provided on the decomposition reactor (17). 5. The integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships according to claim 4, characterized in that: the circulation device is also provided with a computer monitoring system (28), and the computer monitoring system (28) is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor (24), the first pressure sensor (25), the second temperature sensor (26), and the second pressure sensor (27). 6. The working method of the integrated carbon capture circulation device for ships according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Carbon dioxide hydrate generation stage: the tail gas is cooled and then enters the reactor (16); the hydrate generation solution is cooled from the hydrate generation solution tank (15) through the third seawater heat exchanger (14) and then introduced into the reactor (16); the reactor (16) is provided with cold energy through the compression refrigeration cycle device, and the remaining tail gas that is not captured is discharged through the exhaust valve (23); Carbon dioxide hydrate decomposition and storage stage: After the carbon dioxide hydrate is generated, it enters the decomposition reactor (17) for decomposition. The carbon dioxide generated by the decomposition enters the carbon dioxide storage tank (22) through the carbon dioxide pump (20). The reaction solution generated by the decomposition is passed into the hydrate generation solution tank (15) for recycling and reuse. During the decomposition process of the carbon dioxide hydrate, the required heat is provided by the engine cylinder liner cold circulating water. The circulating water in the cylinder liner of the engine (35) exchanges heat with the decomposition reactor (17) through the heat exchanger (34).