CN118020762A - Stem cell storage protection extraction element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of stem cell storage, and discloses a stem cell storage protection extraction device, which comprises a special-shaped discharging structure and a pressure control type sealing structure, wherein a disc-shaped cover capable of being placed in a cover groove, and an inner elastic air film and an outer elastic air film for performing conflict type sealing on a relative movement gap are arranged in the special-shaped discharging structure; and the maximum air pressure control structure is internally provided with a valve plate which can block air in the pressure control type sealing structure and realize upward flow of the air when the air moves upwards and a spiral spring which generates damping effect on upward movement of the valve plate. This protection extraction element is stored to stem cell can enough guarantee when guaranteeing gas tightness in the storage process, can guarantee the sealed effect to nitrogen gas in getting the stem cell test tube of putting again, and then reduces when storing and getting the stem cell test tube and put, the leakage volume of nitrogen gas to reduce the temperature influence to nitrogen gas.

Description

A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of stem cell storage, and in particular to a stem cell storage, protection and extraction device.

Background technique

Stem cells are a type of multipotent cells with the ability to self-replicate. Under certain conditions, they can differentiate into a variety of functional cells. Therefore, for newborn babies, a certain amount of umbilical cord blood will be retained in order to extract hematopoietic stem cells for freezing. However, the existing containers for storing stem cells have insufficient protective performance, and when taking out the stem cell test tubes, the liquid nitrogen in the container will be lost in large quantities, causing the temperature inside the container to rise, affecting the storage of stem cells.

To this end, the Chinese patent with the publication number "CN208030123U" announced "a stem cell storage protection extraction device", whose main structure includes a storage box and a stem cell extraction mechanism installed in the storage box, a protective frame is installed in the storage box, and a stem cell extraction mechanism is installed in the protective frame. The stem cell extraction mechanism consists of an extraction tube, a handle, a fixed column and a storage plate. One end of the extraction tube is inserted into the protective frame, the handle is installed at the upper end of the extraction tube, and the fixed column is installed in the extraction tube. The storage plate includes an upper plate and a lower plate. The middle part of the upper plate and the lower plate has a hole, and the hole diameter matches the outer diameter of the fixed column. The upper plate and the lower plate are sequentially mounted on the fixed column and fixed by screw holes. The above-mentioned stem cell storage protection extraction device has a simple operation and convenient use throughout the process, which avoids the problem that when taking out the stem cell test tube, the liquid nitrogen in the container will be lost in large quantities, causing the temperature in the container to rise, affecting the storage of stem cells.

When the above-mentioned stem cell storage protection and extraction device is actually used, when it is necessary to extract a stem cell test tube, the handle is turned to disengage the pin from the groove, and the extraction tube is slowly pulled out. When a sound is heard when the pin presses against the groove again, the pulling action is stopped. At this time, the extraction tube is fixed outside the storage box, and the operator can take out the stem cell test tube placed in the extraction tube. However, when the stem cell extraction mechanism moves at the bottle mouth, nitrogen will still leak upward along the gap of the mechanism, resulting in a decrease in its sealing performance for nitrogen.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a stem cell storage, protection and extraction device, which can not only ensure gas sealing during the storage process, but also ensure the sealing effect of nitrogen when taking out and placing stem cell test tubes, thereby reducing the leakage of nitrogen when storing and taking out and placing stem cell test tubes, thereby reducing the temperature impact of nitrogen, and solving the above-mentioned technical problems.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a stem cell storage, protection and extraction device, comprising a liquid nitrogen storage tank for storing liquid nitrogen, a liquid nitrogen storage cavity arranged inside the liquid nitrogen storage tank, a special-shaped access opening arranged at the center of the top of the liquid nitrogen storage tank, a cover groove arranged at the top of the special-shaped access opening, and an annular embedding groove arranged at the periphery of the bottom of the special-shaped access opening, and also comprising a special-shaped discharge structure, wherein a test tube placement groove for placing stem cell test tubes and a bottom annular permanent magnet and a top annular permanent magnet for limiting the test tube placement groove to be fixed at a access position are arranged inside; a pressure-controlled sealing structure, wherein a disc-shaped cover that can be placed inside the cover groove and an inner elastic gas film and an outer elastic gas film for contact-type sealing of a relative motion gap are arranged inside; and a maximum air pressure control structure, wherein a valve plate that can block the gas inside the pressure-controlled sealing structure and realize the upward flow of gas when moving upward and a coil spring that produces a damping effect on the upward movement of the valve plate are arranged inside.

Preferably, the special-shaped discharge structure includes a special-shaped column made of copper material and a top annular permanent magnet, the special-shaped column is provided with a plurality of test tube placement grooves in an annular array for placing stem cell test tubes at a position close to its circumferential surface, the bottom center of the special-shaped column is provided with a hollow groove recessed upward, the center of the upper end surface of the special-shaped column is provided with a limiting connecting column, a movable rod is fixedly installed on the top of the limiting connecting column, a limiting movable plate with an integral structure therewith is provided on the top of the movable rod, a limiting movable ring with an integral structure and protruding toward the periphery is provided on the periphery of the bottom of the special-shaped column, the upper end surface of the limiting movable ring and the inside of the annular embedding groove are respectively embedded with the bottom annular permanent magnet and the top annular permanent magnet.

Preferably, the structural shape of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column is consistent with the structural shape of the special-shaped access opening, both are plum blossom structures, and the structural dimensions of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column match the structural dimensions of the special-shaped access opening.

Preferably, the height of the special-shaped column is higher than the height of the special-shaped loading and unloading opening.

Preferably, the height of the limiting connection column is lower than the height of the special-shaped access opening, and the height of the limiting connection column is higher than the horizontal height of the top of the stem cell test tube after the stem cell test tube is placed in the test tube placement groove.

Preferably, the magnetic properties of the upper annular end surface of the bottom annular permanent magnet are opposite to the magnetic properties of the lower annular end surface of the top annular permanent magnet.

Preferably, the pressure-controlled sealing structure includes a disc-shaped cover that can be placed inside the cover groove, the center of the disc-shaped cover is provided with a rod hole for housing a movable rod, the interior of the disc-shaped cover is provided with an annular gas flow chamber, the disc-shaped cover is provided with an inner annular gas storage chamber connected to the rod hole on the inner side of the annular gas flow chamber, the disc-shaped cover is provided with an outer annular gas storage chamber connected to the outer circumferential surface of the disc-shaped cover on the outer side of the annular gas flow chamber, the annular gas flow chamber and the inner annular gas storage chamber are connected by a plurality of first gas flow holes, the annular gas flow chamber and the outer annular gas storage chamber are connected by a plurality of second gas flow holes, the disc-shaped cover is embedded with an inner elastic gas membrane at the intersection of the annular gas flow chamber and the rod hole, the disc-shaped cover is embedded with an outer elastic gas membrane at the circumferential edge of the outer annular gas storage chamber, the disc-shaped cover is provided with a gas injection hole connected to the annular gas flow chamber and having an air valve installed therein, and the disc-shaped cover is provided with an air vent connecting its upper end surface and the annular gas flow chamber.

Preferably, the inner elastic air membrane and the outer elastic air membrane are both made of elastic rubber material, and the elastic strength of the inner elastic air membrane is more than twice the elastic strength of the outer elastic air membrane.

Preferably, the maximum air pressure control structure includes a longitudinal hollow column, the bottom end of the longitudinal hollow column is provided with a bottom fixing plate which is an integral structure with the longitudinal hollow column and fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the disc-shaped cover, the interior of the longitudinal hollow column is provided with a component movable cavity, the bottom end of the longitudinal hollow column is provided with an air inlet hole connecting the component movable cavity and the air vent, the top end of the longitudinal hollow column is provided with an exhaust hole connecting the component movable cavity and its upper end surface, the longitudinal hollow column is provided with a valve plate which can move longitudinally along the component movable cavity, the edge of the valve plate is provided with an air pressure flow groove, and a coil spring in a compressed state is provided above the valve plate.

Preferably, the distance between the center line of the valve plate and the air pressure flow groove is greater than the structural radius of the air inlet hole.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a stem cell storage, protection and extraction device, which has the following beneficial effects:

The stem cell storage protection and extraction device can not only ensure gas sealing during the storage process, but also ensure the sealing effect of nitrogen when taking out and placing the stem cell test tube, thereby reducing the leakage of nitrogen when storing and taking out the stem cell test tube, thereby reducing the temperature impact on the nitrogen.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG3 is a perspective view of a special-shaped discharge structure in the present invention;

FIG4 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the special-shaped discharge structure of the present invention;

FIG5 is a perspective view of a pressure-controlled sealing structure of the present invention;

FIG6 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the pressure-controlled sealing structure of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the maximum atmospheric pressure control structure of the present invention.

Among them: 1. Liquid nitrogen storage tank; 2. Liquid nitrogen storage chamber; 3. Special-shaped access port; 4. Cover groove; 5. Annular embedded groove; 6. Special-shaped discharge structure; 61. Special-shaped column; 62. Test tube placement groove; 63. Hollow groove; 64. Limit connecting column; 65. Movable rod; 66. Limit movable plate; 67. Limit movable ring; 68. Bottom annular permanent magnet; 69. Top annular permanent magnet; 7. Pressure-controlled sealing structure; 71. Disc cover; 72. Rod hole; 73. Annular gas flow cavity; 74, inner annular gas storage cavity; 75, outer annular gas storage cavity; 76, first gas flow hole; 77, second gas flow hole; 78, inner elastic air membrane; 79, outer elastic air membrane; 710, gas injection hole; 711, air vent; 8, maximum air pressure control structure; 81, longitudinal hollow column; 82, bottom fixing plate; 83, component movable cavity; 84, air inlet hole; 85, exhaust hole; 86, valve plate; 87, air pressure flow groove; 88, coil spring.

Detailed ways

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 2, a stem cell storage, protection and extraction device includes a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1 for storing liquid nitrogen, a liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2 arranged inside the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1, a special-shaped access port 3 arranged at the top center of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1, a cover groove 4 arranged at the top of the special-shaped access port 3 and an annular embedded groove 5 arranged at the bottom periphery of the special-shaped access port 3. Liquid nitrogen is poured into the liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2, and the amount located inside the liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2 needs to meet actual needs.

In order to achieve a closed driving effect for the stem cell test tube, please refer to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. It is necessary to set a special-shaped discharge structure 6, which is provided with a test tube placement groove 62 for placing the stem cell test tube and a bottom annular permanent magnet 68 and a top annular permanent magnet 69 for limiting the test tube placement groove 62 to be fixed in the placement position. When taking and placing the stem cell test tube, it is necessary to pull up the limit movable plate 66. At this time, the special-shaped column 61 moves upward, and the upper end surface of the special-shaped column 61 will first be inserted into the interior of the special-shaped taking and placing port 3. Since the structural shape of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column 61 is consistent with the structural shape of the special-shaped taking and placing port 3, both are plum blossom structures, and the structural dimensions of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column 61 match the structural dimensions of the special-shaped taking and placing port 3, the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column 61 can achieve the isolation effect of the inner and outer spaces, thereby preventing nitrogen The nitrogen leaks along the moving gap and continues to move upward. Since the height of the limiting connecting column 64 is lower than the height of the special-shaped taking and placing port 3, and the height of the limiting connecting column 64 is higher than the horizontal height of the top of the stem cell test tube after the stem cell test tube is placed in the test tube placement groove 62, the limiting connecting column 64 will first contact the bottom of the disc-shaped cover 71 until the disc-shaped cover 71 is pushed open. At this time, the special-shaped column 61 can take over the sealing function of the disc-shaped cover 71, thereby preventing nitrogen from leaking along the moving gap and reducing the temperature impact on the nitrogen. Since the magnetism of the upper annular end face of the bottom annular permanent magnet 68 is opposite to the magnetism of the lower annular end face of the top annular permanent magnet 69, when the bottom annular permanent magnet 68 and the top annular permanent magnet 69 are in adsorption contact with each other, the special-shaped column 61 can be in a static state, thereby facilitating the taking and placing of the test tube.

As for the specific structure of the special-shaped discharge structure 6, please refer to Figures 3 and 4. It includes a special-shaped column 61 made of copper material and a top annular permanent magnet 69. In order to facilitate the placement of test tubes, it is necessary to make the height of the special-shaped column 61 higher than the height of the special-shaped placement port 3. The special-shaped column 61 is provided with a plurality of test tube placement grooves 62 in an annular array for placing stem cell test tubes at a position close to its circumferential surface. The bottom center of the special-shaped column 61 is provided with an upwardly concave hollow groove 63. A limited position connecting column 64 is provided at the center of the upper end surface of the special-shaped column 61. A movable rod 65 is fixedly installed on the top of the limit connecting column 64. A limit movable plate 66 with an integral structure therewith is provided on the top of the movable rod 65. A limit movable ring 67 with an integral structure and protruding toward the periphery is provided on the bottom periphery of the special-shaped column 61. A bottom annular permanent magnet 68 and a top annular permanent magnet 69 are respectively embedded in the upper end surface of the limit movable ring 67 and the inside of the annular embedding groove 5.

In order to prevent nitrogen leakage during the movement of the components, please refer to Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6. A pressure-controlled sealing structure 7 is required, in which a disc-shaped cover 71 that can be placed inside the cover groove 4 and an inner elastic gas membrane 78 and an outer elastic gas membrane 79 for contact-sealing the relative movement gap are provided. When working, a high-pressure gas is filled into the annular gas flow cavity 73 using an inflating device. Under the action of the gas pressure, the inner elastic gas membrane 78 expands toward the center, so that the inner surface of the inner elastic gas membrane 78 is in contact with the active gas flow cavity 73. The movable rod 65 is in closed contact to prevent nitrogen leakage caused by the movable rod 65 during movement. At the same time, since the inner elastic air membrane 78 and the outer elastic air membrane 79 are both made of elastic rubber materials, and the elastic strength of the inner elastic air membrane 78 is more than twice the elastic strength of the outer elastic air membrane 79, the outer elastic air membrane 79 contacts the inner wall of the cover groove 4 under the action of gas pressure, so that the disc-shaped cover 71 is in a closed state to prevent nitrogen leakage, thereby preventing nitrogen leakage caused by the movement of the components.

As for the specific structure of the pressure-controlled sealing structure 7, please refer to Figures 5 and 6, which include a disc-shaped cover 71 that can be placed inside the cover groove 4, a rod hole 72 for housing the movable rod 65 is provided at the center of the disc-shaped cover 71, an annular gas flow chamber 73 is provided inside the disc-shaped cover 71, an inner annular gas storage chamber 74 connected to the rod hole 72 is provided on the inner side of the annular gas flow chamber 73 of the disc-shaped cover 71, an outer annular gas storage chamber 75 connected to the outer circumferential surface of the disc-shaped cover 71 is provided on the outer side of the annular gas flow chamber 73 of the disc-shaped cover 71, and the annular gas flow chamber 73 and the inner annular gas storage chamber 74 are connected to each other. The annular gas flow chamber 73 and the outer annular gas storage chamber 75 are connected via a plurality of first gas flow holes 76, the annular gas flow chamber 73 and the outer annular gas storage chamber 75 are connected via a plurality of second gas flow holes 77, the disc-shaped cover 71 is embedded with an inner elastic gas membrane 78 at the intersection of the annular gas flow chamber 73 and the rod hole 72, the disc-shaped cover 71 is embedded with an outer elastic gas membrane 79 at the circumferential edge of the outer annular gas storage chamber 75, the disc-shaped cover 71 is provided with a gas injection hole 710 connected with the annular gas flow chamber 73 and having an air valve installed therein, and the disc-shaped cover 71 is provided with an air vent 711 connecting its upper end surface and the annular gas flow chamber 73.

In order to achieve the control effect of the maximum air pressure, please refer to Figures 1, 2 and 7. It is necessary to set up a maximum air pressure control structure 8, which is internally provided with a valve plate 86 that can block the gas inside the pressure control sealing structure 7 and realize the upward flow of gas when moving upward, and a coil spring 88 that produces a damping effect on the upward movement of the valve plate 86. When the air pressure inside the annular gas flow chamber 73 is greater than the elastic strength of the coil spring 88, the valve plate 86 will move upward. At this time, excess gas will be discharged outward along the vent 711, the air inlet 84, the air pressure flow groove 87 and the exhaust hole 85, thereby achieving the control effect of the maximum air pressure and preventing the occurrence of the phenomenon that the parts are difficult to move due to excessive air pressure.

As for the specific structure of the maximum air pressure control structure 8, please refer to Figure 7, which includes a longitudinal hollow column 81, the bottom end of which is provided with a bottom fixed plate 82 which is an integral structure with the longitudinal hollow column 81 and fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the disc-shaped cover 71, the interior of the longitudinal hollow column 81 is provided with a component movable cavity 83, the bottom end of the longitudinal hollow column 81 is provided with an air inlet hole 84 connecting the component movable cavity 83 and the air vent 711, the top of the longitudinal hollow column 81 is provided with an exhaust hole 85 connecting the component movable cavity 83 and its upper end surface, the longitudinal hollow column 81 is provided with a valve plate 86 which can move longitudinally along the component movable cavity 83, the edge of the valve plate 86 is provided with an air pressure flow groove 87, in order to play the necessary gas blocking role, it is necessary to make the distance between the center line of the valve plate 86 and the air pressure flow groove 87 greater than the structural radius of the air inlet hole 84, and a coil spring 88 in a compressed state is placed above the valve plate 86.

When in use, liquid nitrogen is poured into the liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2, and the amount of liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2 needs to meet actual needs;

The limit movable plate 66 is pulled upwards. At this time, the special-shaped column 61 moves upwards. The upper end surface of the special-shaped column 61 will first be inserted into the inside of the special-shaped access opening 3. The circumferential surface of the special-shaped column 61 can achieve the isolation effect of the inner and outer spaces. Continuing to move upwards will make the limit connecting column 64 first contact the bottom of the disc-shaped cover 71 until the disc-shaped cover 71 is pushed open. At this time, the special-shaped column 61 can take over the sealing function of the disc-shaped cover 71. When the bottom annular permanent magnet 68 and the top annular permanent magnet 69 are in adsorption contact with each other, the special-shaped column 61 can be in a static state, thereby facilitating the access to the test tube;

When the device needs to be closed, the disc-shaped cover 71 needs to be inserted into the cover groove 4 first, and then the limiting movable plate 66 is pressed downward to allow the special-shaped column 61 to extend into the liquid nitrogen storage chamber 2.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device, comprising a liquid nitrogen storage tank (1) for storing liquid nitrogen, a liquid nitrogen storage chamber (2) arranged inside the liquid nitrogen storage tank (1), a special-shaped access opening (3) arranged at the top center of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (1), a cover groove (4) arranged at the top of the special-shaped access opening (3), and an annular embedding groove (5) arranged at the periphery of the bottom of the special-shaped access opening (3), characterized in that: it also includes, A special-shaped discharge structure (6), wherein a test tube placement groove (62) for placing a stem cell test tube is provided inside the structure, and a bottom annular permanent magnet (68) and a top annular permanent magnet (69) for limiting the test tube placement groove (62) to be fixed at a placement position; A pressure-controlled sealing structure (7), wherein a disc-shaped cover (71) capable of being placed inside the cover groove (4) and an inner elastic air film (78) and an outer elastic air film (79) for contact-sealing the relative motion gap are arranged inside the structure; and a maximum air pressure control structure (8), wherein a valve plate (86) is provided inside the maximum air pressure control structure (8) and is capable of blocking the gas inside the pressure control sealing structure (7) and enabling the gas to flow upward when moving upward, and a coil spring (88) that produces a damping effect on the upward movement of the valve plate (86). 2. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special-shaped discharge structure (6) comprises a special-shaped column (61) made of copper material and a top annular permanent magnet (69), the special-shaped column (61) is provided with a plurality of test tube placement grooves (62) in an annular array for placing stem cell test tubes at a position close to its circumferential surface, the bottom center of the special-shaped column (61) is provided with a hollow groove (63) recessed upward, a limit connecting column (64) is provided at the center of the upper end surface of the special-shaped column (61), a movable rod (65) is fixedly installed at the top end of the limit connecting column (64), and a limit movable plate (66) with an integral structure is provided at the top end of the movable rod (65), a limit movable ring (67) with an integral structure and protruding toward the periphery is provided at the bottom periphery of the special-shaped column (61), and the upper end surface of the limit movable ring (67) and the inside of the annular embedding groove (5) are respectively embedded with a bottom annular permanent magnet (68) and a top annular permanent magnet (69). 3. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the structural shape of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column (61) is consistent with the structural shape of the special-shaped access opening (3), both are plum blossom structures, and the structural dimensions of the circumferential surface of the special-shaped column (61) match the structural dimensions of the special-shaped access opening (3). 4. The stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 3, characterized in that the height of the special-shaped column (61) is higher than the height of the special-shaped taking and placing opening (3). 5. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the height of the limiting connecting column (64) is lower than the height of the special-shaped access opening (3), and the height of the limiting connecting column (64) is higher than the horizontal height of the top of the stem cell test tube after the stem cell test tube is placed inside the test tube placement groove (62). 6. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 5, characterized in that the magnetism of the upper annular end surface of the bottom annular permanent magnet (68) is opposite to the magnetism of the lower annular end surface of the top annular permanent magnet (69). 7. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the pressure-controlled sealing structure (7) comprises a disc-shaped cover (71) that can be placed inside the cover groove (4), the center of the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with a rod hole (72) for housing the movable rod (65), the inside of the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with an annular gas flow chamber (73), the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with an inner annular gas storage chamber (74) connected to the rod hole (72) on the inner side of the annular gas flow chamber (73), the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with an outer annular gas storage chamber (75) connected to the outer circumferential surface of the disc-shaped cover (71) on the outer side of the annular gas flow chamber (73), the annular gas flow chamber (73) and the inner annular gas storage chamber (74) are provided. The gas storage chambers (74) are connected to each other via a plurality of first gas flow holes (76), the annular gas flow chamber (73) and the outer annular gas storage chamber (75) are connected to each other via a plurality of second gas flow holes (77), the disc-shaped cover (71) is embedded with an inner elastic gas membrane (78) at the intersection of the annular gas flow chamber (73) and the rod hole (72), the disc-shaped cover (71) is embedded with an outer elastic gas membrane (79) at the circumferential edge of the outer annular gas storage chamber (75), the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with a gas injection hole (710) connected to the annular gas flow chamber (73) and having a gas valve installed therein, and the disc-shaped cover (71) is provided with a vent (711) inside thereof that is connected to its upper end surface and the annular gas flow chamber (73). 8. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the inner elastic air membrane (78) and the outer elastic air membrane (79) are both made of elastic rubber material, and the elastic strength of the inner elastic air membrane (78) is more than twice the elastic strength of the outer elastic air membrane (79). 9. A stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the maximum air pressure control structure (8) comprises a longitudinal hollow column (81), the bottom end of the longitudinal hollow column (81) is provided with a bottom fixing plate (82) which is integrally structured with the longitudinal hollow column (81) and fixedly mounted on the upper end surface of the disc-shaped cover (71), a component movable cavity (83) is provided inside the longitudinal hollow column (81), an air inlet hole (84) connecting the component movable cavity (83) and the vent (711) is provided at the bottom end of the longitudinal hollow column (81), an exhaust hole (85) connecting the component movable cavity (83) and the upper end surface thereof is provided at the top end of the longitudinal hollow column (81), a valve plate (86) which can move longitudinally along the component movable cavity (83) is arranged inside the longitudinal hollow column (81), an air pressure flow groove (87) is provided on the edge of the valve plate (86), and a helical spring (88) in a compressed state is arranged above the valve plate (86). 10. The stem cell storage, protection and extraction device according to claim 9, characterized in that: the distance between the center line of the valve plate (86) and the air pressure flow groove (87) is greater than the structural radius of the air inlet hole (84).