CN117989044A

CN117989044A - Dynamic amplification, storage and regeneration system and method using tides, waves and/or winds

Info

Publication number: CN117989044A
Application number: CN202311477899.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 诺姆·伊恩·马瑟斯
Original assignee: Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Mathers Hydraulics Technologies Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2022-11-07
Filing date: 2023-11-07
Publication date: 2024-05-07

Abstract

A method, system and apparatus are disclosed that include a system and method that may be used to operate a water turbine, such as one or more flow channels along a tidal estuary, to generate electricity. The water turbine may be located in one or more flow channels and may be rotated by the flow of water from the estuary.

Description

Dynamic amplification, storage and regeneration system and method using tides, waves and/or winds

Priority statement

The present application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 63/423,193, 63/439,754 AND 63/507,026, entitled "POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING TIDES, WAVES AND/OR WIND", filed on day 11, day 18, 2023, AND day 6, 2023, month 18, AND day 21, 2022, month 12, 2023, AND 2023, respectively, U.S. provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 63/432,245, 63/439,763 AND 63/461,084, entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS", each of which is incorporated herein by reference IN its entirety.

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present application relates to international application number PCT/AU2016/050967 entitled "Turbine Power Storage and Regeneration", publication number WO/2017/066826, U.S. publication number US/2018/0298881, filed 10/14 in 2016; international application No. PCT/AU2007/000772, publication No. WO/2007/140114, entitled "Vane Pump for Pumping Hydraulic Fluid" filed on 1/6/2007; international application No. PCT/AU2006/000623, publication No. WO/2006/119574, entitled "Improved Vane Pump" filed on month 5 and 12 of 2006; international application No. PCT/AU2004/00951, publication No. WO/2005/005782, entitled "A Hydraulic Machine", filed on 7.15 of 2004; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/510,643, U.S. publication No. 2013/0067899, entitled "Hydraulically Controlled Rotator Couple," filed 12/5/2012; international application No. PCT/AU2020/050389, publication No. WO 2020/215118, entitled "TIDAL POWER HARNESSING, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", filed on 22 th month 4 of 2020; and U.S. application Ser. No. 17/860,842, entitled "RIVER VENTURIPOWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", filed on 7/8 of 2022, the entire description of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

This document relates generally to, but is not limited to, systems and techniques for generating and regenerating electricity from tidal, wave, and/or wind energy in various combinations.

Background

Current systems for generating electricity may include turbines to utilize energy from flowing water and/or wind energy to convert into electrical energy. For centuries, rivers have been used to perform a variety of tasks. Turbines, such as those used in dams, are known. However, the flow of water from the dam varies depending on the height of the water behind the dam. If the water level behind the dam is low, the water flow from the dam may be shut off for a long period of time. Existing wind turbines experience periods when wind conditions require shutdown. Likewise, tidal turbines and other systems that utilize waves are known, but suffer from periodic periods of calm, where energy extraction drops or is not possible.

Drawings

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. Like numerals having different letter suffixes may represent different instances of similar components. The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example and not limitation, various embodiments discussed in this document.

FIG. 1 is a highly schematic view of a tidal estuary being modified and a power generation system including one or more fluid powered turbines that can derive power from the water stream exiting the estuary.

FIG. 1A is a highly schematic view of several tidal estuary systems in an interleaved arrangement.

FIG. 2 is a highly schematic view of another system of several tidal estuaries arranged in a parallel fashion.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example of an entry area of an estuary and filling of the estuary during high tides.

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the entry area during low tides, wherein water held within the estuary by gates or dams or other flow regulating objects during high tides has entered the estuary.

FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of the inlet area during evacuation of water from the estuary and through the water turbine for power generation.

Fig. 4 is a highly schematic view of a system such as for a reservoir including a barrel that can be selectively raised and lowered into the reservoir to change the height of water within the reservoir.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a dam according to an embodiment, which may include various components of the system of fig. 1.

Fig. 6A-6E are schematic diagrams of various examples of devices contemplated herein that may be used as a hydro turbine or a wave generator.

Fig. 7A to 7B are perspective views of further examples of devices that may be used as wave power generators according to embodiments.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of waves striking the wall of an obstacle and rebounding according to an embodiment.

Fig. 9-10 are perspective views of naturally occurring tidal estuaries according to embodiments, which may be retrofitted with human activity to generate electricity.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a turbine according to one embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a system diagram of a turbine including a power split transmission coupling for regeneration according to an embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a variable power split drive coupling according to an embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary power split transmission coupling.

FIG. 15A illustrates an example tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the present application.

Fig. 15B shows the system of fig. 15A with the water flow capture device shown in cross-section.

Fig. 15C is a plan view of the front end of the water flow capture device and also shows other components of the system of fig. 15A.

FIG. 15D is a top view showing a water flow capture device with a diverter gate hinged to a first position and also showing some of the components of the system of FIG. 15A.

Fig. 15E is a top view showing a water flow capture device with a diverter gate hinged to a second position and also showing some of the components of the system of fig. 15A.

FIG. 15F is a top view showing a water flow capture device having a water diversion gate hinged to a third position and also showing some of the components of the system of FIG. 15A.

FIG. 16A is a schematic illustration of a tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system similar to FIG. 15A during a power storage (charging) mode of operation.

Fig. 16B is a highly schematic illustration of the system of fig. 16A during a power storage (charging) mode of operation.

Fig. 16C is a schematic diagram of the system of fig. 16A during a regeneration (discharge) mode of operation.

Fig. 16D is a highly schematic illustration of the system of fig. 16C during a regeneration (discharge) mode of operation.

FIG. 17A is a perspective view of an exemplary tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the present application.

FIG. 17B is a plan view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A.

FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A.

FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A during high tides.

FIG. 19 illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A for capturing water during periods of low tide.

FIG. 20 illustrates the operation of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A for releasing water during low and/or small tides.

FIG. 21 is a highly schematic view of a system of several tidal estuaries with the tidal estuary power, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 17A.

FIG. 22 is a schematic illustration of a process of filling and draining a reservoir with a barrel that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to change the level of water within the reservoir.

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of another process of filling and draining a reservoir with a barrel that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to change the level of water within the reservoir.

FIG. 24A is a perspective view of an exemplary tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the present application.

FIG. 24B is a plan view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 24A.

FIG. 24C is a cross-sectional view of the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 24A.

Fig. 25 is a perspective view of an exemplary wave power system according to the present application, including a water wheel and other components and features.

FIG. 26A is a plan view of a system having the tidal estuary power generation, storage and regeneration system of FIG. 24A and several tidal estuaries of the wave power system of FIG. 25 according to examples of the application.

Fig. 26B is a perspective view of the system of fig. 26A.

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a tidal Power System that uses multiple artificial dams, and naturally occurring or partially artificial islands, to create estuaries for use in power generation, storage and regeneration systems, as discussed herein.

FIG. 28 shows the naturally occurring tidal estuary of FIG. 9 now modified by human activity for power generation using a plurality of artificial dams in accordance with the principles of FIG. 27.

Fig. 29 is a perspective view of waves striking a wall (such as a rock front) and rebounding with an inflow force and/or an outflow force captured using a water wheel according to an embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a highly schematic view of an artificially modified wave pooling channel with a power system that includes one or more water wheels that may derive power from wave action in the intake channel and after striking the walls of the channel.

Fig. 31A is a side plan view of an exemplary waterwheel apparatus according to an embodiment.

Fig. 31B is an end view of the waterwheel apparatus of fig. 31A.

Fig. 32 is a schematic diagram of various example devices that may be used as a wave generator with a water wheel as contemplated herein.

Fig. 33 shows an example wave power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the application.

Fig. 34A shows an example wave power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the application.

Fig. 34B is a plan view of the wave power, storage and regeneration system of fig. 34A.

Fig. 35 shows an example wave power generation, storage and regeneration system according to the application.

Fig. 36 shows a wave power generation, storage and regeneration system according to yet another example of the application.

Fig. 36A is a first cross-sectional view of the wave capture device of fig. 36.

Fig. 36B is a second cross-sectional view of the wave capture device of fig. 36.

Detailed Description

The present application relates to systems and techniques for turbine power storage and regeneration using tidal, wave, and/or wind energy in various combinations. As used herein, the term "turbine" may connote a wind turbine or a hydrodynamic turbine unless otherwise indicated. The term "estuary" should not be limited to a river mouth or other naturally occurring tidal location. The term "estuary" may be a wholly or partially man-made location on a tidal land frame that receives tidal energy. The following detailed description includes examples that are intended to illustrate the subject matter disclosed herein, and is in no way intended to be limiting. Features and steps described with respect to one or more examples may be combined with the subject matter of other examples and methods provided in this disclosure. The following examples are sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the systems and techniques described in the detailed description below.

The inventors have recognized that problems to be solved may include inconsistencies that rely solely on green energy power (such as solely on water power, wind power, or other renewable energy sources), among other things, along with wind-lack of such wind or high gusts may limit the opportunity for the generator. The present inventors have also appreciated that tidal energy, particularly in the estuary, may be utilized in a variety of predictable ways, among other things. The inventors propose various methods that allow harvesting, storing and reusing tidal energy, wind energy and/or a combination of wave energy in various ways. This allows a reliable majority of the undeveloped energy sources to be used to supplement each other (wind energy, wave energy, solar energy, etc.).

The present inventors have also appreciated that tidal estuaries and tidal land frames provide potential undeveloped power generation sites. Large tides with largely undeveloped kinetic energy can occur in these areas. The inventors have also recognized that estuaries and, in particular, islands, water flow routes and other features thereof may be modified (and/or in effect, dams may be created) to facilitate turbine energy capture for power generation. For example, artificial dams and/or islands may create a water flow path by modifying the estuary with heavy machinery, concrete, or the like. Various other concepts include retrofitting land frames to estuaries, creating obstructions (such as islands, gates, dams, etc.), forming tunnels, etc. These tunnels may have different locations along the bank and may extend through obstacles (such as islands) if desired. Turbines (fluid power turbines and wind turbines) may be placed at different locations along (and within) tunnels, banks, water flow channels. Advantageously, the tunnel or flow channel may be configured in a venturi shape to efficiently concentrate tidal flow (particularly the outflow) to higher velocities when desired. The turbines (and indeed fluid-powered turbines) and other devices disclosed herein may be combined with one or more power generation systems, as will be discussed in additional detail in the remainder of this disclosure. It should be noted that while the power generation and/or regeneration system is discussed as being used in connection with tidal, wave, and/or wind turbines, examples contemplate using only one or two forms of this energy. Thus, in some cases, it is not necessary to supplement tidal power generation with wind power generation (and/or wave power generation). Similarly, if the wind conditions are optimal, it is not necessary to supplement the wind power with tidal power (and/or wave power). The hydrodynamic and other regeneration systems discussed herein illustrate systems, devices, and principles that may be used in, for example, tidal power generation and/or regeneration systems (such as river power generation). Thus, rather than the tidal flow turning the blades of one or more turbines, water (such as a river) turns the blades of one or more turbines. Other aspects and components of the power and other regeneration systems discussed herein may be maintained and utilized with the power generation and/or regeneration systems discussed herein.

In some cases, the power generated by the turbine (whether water, wind, waves, or a combination of both) may be stored as energy in an accumulator and/or a battery. In yet another embodiment, the energy may be used for hydrogen production, supply to the grid, and other purposes. The estuaries and/or seafloor (land frames) are modified to create (variously through the various terrain modification techniques discussed herein, and optionally including dams, reservoirs, gates, etc.) water flow channels that can concentrate the water flow, as discussed herein. Such modifications for creating flow channels may include creating banks, islands, dams, etc., thereby creating convoluted channel shapes (e.g., restrictions, more open sections followed by a second restriction). Additional concepts include the use of position-adjustable flow control valves or other features (such as gates, reservoirs, etc.) that allow for precise control of the water flow to bypass the turbine such that the water flow through the turbine has a desired velocity. In high tidal volume situations, flow control valves, gates, vents, overflows may be opened to reduce the flow and slow the flow rate in the flow channels when it reaches the turbine.

The inventors have also recognized that a fluid-powered turbine may be utilized or may be placed in a synthetic venturi apparatus. Such venturi devices may be constructed of metal, plastic, concrete, or other suitable materials (such as pipes, etc.). The venturi apparatus allows tidal flow (particularly tidal flow out) into the apparatus, through the apparatus into the venturi section and out of the apparatus. The flow stream may rotate one or more turbines within the venturi section.

Regarding the gust or rapid water flow velocity at which it occurs, which causes an overspeed condition, it will be appreciated that these may fluctuate in speed and volume. Similarly, tidal flows (referred to herein as flows) may fluctuate in speed and volume. The inventors have recognized that this energy is limited/metered. In addition, various storage methods and regeneration uses are contemplated. In general, the techniques discussed herein attempt to minimize the power captured by the turbine rotor, such as for power generation, in the event that the rotor speed exceeds the rated speed (maximum rated power) of the generator within the turbine. The present subject matter may help provide a solution to this problem, for example, by including power split drive couplings, flywheels, and other devices within the turbine system. The systems and methods disclosed herein may store energy for use during periods of low turbine rotor speeds, or capture and store when energy is too fast (exceeding the rated speed of the generator). During periods when the rotor speed is below the rated speed, the system may operate in a regeneration mode. For example, the turbine may include one or more motors or flywheels operatively coupled to the generator. The previously stored energy may be applied to a motor or one or more flywheels to increase power generation during operation below rated speed. The power split transmission coupling may be operatively coupled to the turbine rotor through an input shaft and to the generator through an output shaft. The power split transmission coupling may be configured to transmit the rotor torque to the output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft. The power split transmission coupling may transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, torque, or angular velocity. By diverting the hydraulic fluid, the power delivered to the generator can be regulated and the power generated by the generator can be regulated accordingly. The power generated by the generator during off-peak hours or other conditions may also be stored in the battery for later use.

A hydraulic fluid storage reservoir (such as an accumulator) may be configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner. The turbine system may include at least one hydraulic motor. The hydraulic motor may include a motor output configured to receive the pressurized stored hydraulic fluid and responsively generate a torque on the motor output. The generator may be operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output to generate electrical energy in response to at least one of torque applied by the output shaft, torque applied by the motor output, or both.

In an example, the power split drive coupling includes an input shaft coupled to a turbine rotor. The input shaft may rotate in response to rotor torque. The output shaft may rotate at an output speed. The power split coupling may include a cam ring and a hub disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft. Hydraulic fluid may be disposed between the cam ring and the hub. The hub may include a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of blades therein. The vanes may be configured to be movable, such as between a retracted position, a fully extended position, or any partially extended position therebetween. In the retracted position, the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft. In one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to operate hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft. The power split transmission coupling includes an inlet port coupled in communication with a hydraulic fluid source. Hydraulic fluid may be delivered from a hydraulic fluid source to the power split transmission coupling. The power split transmission coupling may include an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration. In response to the power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, hydraulic fluid may be released from the power split transmission coupling through the outlet port. The released hydraulic fluid may exit the power split transmission coupling and may be stored in a pressurized manner.

Tidal flow and/or wind conditions may be temporary and/or inconsistent (in the case of wind), in examples the power split drive coupling and/or flywheel may transmit constant power to the generator during low tidal and/or wind conditions by adjusting the volume of hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split drive coupling. For example, the power split drive coupling may reduce the effects of tidal and/or wind oscillations on the turbine system. The power split drive coupling can operate at high volumetric efficiency, thereby improving the efficiency of the generation of electricity. In one example, it may be desirable to apply mechanical brakes or turbine blades to regulate to prevent the generator from receiving more than maximum rated power. By diverting hydraulic fluid from the power split drive coupling, no mechanical braking or feathering of the turbine blades is required to prevent the generator from exceeding the maximum rated power.

In an example, the system may operate in a power generation cycle and a regeneration cycle. During a power generation cycle, the power split drive coupling may be adjusted (e.g., by a computer controller) to transfer substantially all torque from the turbine rotor to the generator by operating the hydraulic fluid. In response, the generator may convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The power split transmission coupling may divert high pressure hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling in response to the electrical power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold power. The split hydraulic fluid may maintain the power generated by the generator at or below a threshold value. Hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split transmission coupling at high pressure may be stored in a storage vessel. During a regeneration cycle, hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure may be introduced to the hydraulic motor in response to the generator generating power below a threshold. The hydraulic motor may be configured to transmit mechanical power to the generator for generating electricity. Thus, the generator may operate at or closer to maximum power output for a higher proportion of the generator life. For example, tidal flow and/or wind conditions may be detrimental to full power operation of the turbine during all operations. As a result of the regeneration mode, the turbine may be operated closer to maximum operating power or maximum efficiency.

It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the power applied to the generator is a function of the rotational speed of the generator rotor and the torque applied to the generator rotor, as well as the electrical load of the generator. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that examples discussed herein that include electrical or mechanical power terminology may include examples of corresponding rotational speeds, power, or torque. For example, a system configured to operate below a threshold power may also include equivalent examples of the same system configured to operate below a threshold rotor speed corresponding to a threshold power value for a given system.

The present inventors contemplate: river openings with various components are formed to capture water in the manner of a storage dam and release upon, near or after deliquescence. Furthermore, it is envisaged that when the tide is at its peak for a period of time, the estuary (or a reservoir attached to the estuary) may be in water flow communication, so that once the maximum height is reached in the first estuary, water flow may be further directed to the second estuary (or a reservoir attached to the estuary). The water flow can be metered to fill or empty the estuary. Thus, the water flow from the estuary may drive the hydro turbine and the hydraulic pump to the accumulator reservoir as an energy source. Similarly, the water flow filling the estuary may be used to drive another water turbine. Optionally, the accumulator reservoir lifts a barrel of water when filled by entering the tide. The barrel of water may rise from the reservoir (or estuary) and the reservoir or estuary may be filled to a capacity equivalent to the tidal power of the day. Water may be drained from the tub to increase the water level and power. When discharged to generate electricity at the time of ebb, the empty bucket may be lowered back into the reservoir (or estuary) for further elevation and power augmentation. The incoming tides may be guided by a gated water turbine. Under the influence of tidal power, the gate opens and tidal water rushes into the estuary. Then the gate is closed, and the higher water level in the estuary is kept when the tide is going back. The gates may then be opened sequentially or as desired. The system contemplates that the estuary may have one, two or more outlets for the flow of water from the estuary. A smaller number of outlets is desirable. Tidal storage from the estuary may be released through these outlets (referred to herein as flow channels). These outlets may be located on one side or side of the estuary, such as on the ocean-facing side of the barrier forming the estuary. One or more venturi systems may be used at the outlet to increase the flow rate. Contemplated systems may also use power generated due to wave action. This may include modifying the sea floor, shaping the ocean towards the barrier, and using other techniques to shorten and increase the force of waves impacting the barrier. Further embodiments contemplate the use of a rotating water wheel that drives a hydraulic turbine so that when the gate opens the inflow tidal turbine, the hydraulic turbine drives a hydraulic pump for energy capture as wave power rushes across an obstruction through the flow channel. When the gate is closed, the wave power still drives the hydro turbine to drive the hydraulic pump to generate electricity to strike the wall of the obstruction and the closed gate. It is also contemplated that a waterwheel type device may be placed near the outlet of the estuary such that the gushing water drives a waterwheel to again power a hydro turbine driving a hydraulic pump for energy capture. Furthermore, in some cases, the water inlet through the obstacle may also be used for the outflow of water. The waterwheel apparatus is positioned at or near the flow channel through the obstruction and then can be reused during the outflow, not just the inflow, as the gushing water reverses the waterwheel to again power the reversing hydro turbine that drives the hydraulic pump for energy capture.

Furthermore, the present application relates to systems and techniques for wave power storage and regeneration using wave energy in various combinations. The terms "channel or strait", "front shore" or "cliff" should not be limited to naturally occurring ocean locations. These terms "channel", "front shore" or "cliff" may be all or part of the man-made locations on the tidal land frame that receive wave energy. The following detailed description includes examples that are intended to illustrate the subject matter disclosed herein, and is in no way intended to be limiting. Features and steps described with respect to one or more examples may be combined with the subject matter of other examples and methods provided in this disclosure. The following examples are sufficient to enable those skilled in the art to practice the systems and techniques described in the detailed description below.

The present inventors contemplate: channels are formed with various features (as walls and/or floors) to elevate the wave height. Furthermore, it is contemplated that turbines such as waterwheel designs (or other designs) may be placed near walls or cliffs to capture wave action toward and away from the walls or cliffs (rebound). This may include modifying the sea floor, shaping the ocean towards an obstacle (such as a wall or cliff), and using other techniques to shorten and increase the height of the wave (and thus the force of the wave) impacting the obstacle. The rotating waterwheel drives a hydraulic pump and/or a combination of the previously discussed system components for energy capture as wave power passes in one or both directions. It is also contemplated that a waterwheel type device may be placed near the exit of the estuary such that the gushing water drives the waterwheel to again power the system for energy capture.

Tidal flow, wave action, and/or wind conditions may be temporary and/or inconsistent (in the case of wind), in examples, by adjusting the volume of hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split drive coupling, the power split drive coupling and/or flywheel may transmit constant power to the generator during low tidal and/or wind conditions. For example, the power split drive coupling may reduce the effects of tidal and/or wind oscillations on the turbine system. The power split drive coupling can operate at high volumetric efficiency, thereby improving the efficiency of the generation of electricity. In an example, mechanical braking may be applied, the water wheels raised or lowered, other systems made or other blade adjustments made to prevent the generator from receiving more than maximum rated power. This adjustment may also be made to increase the torque provided to the generator. By diverting hydraulic fluid from the power split drive coupling, mechanical braking or feathering of the turbine blades may not be required to prevent the generator from exceeding the maximum rated power.

Fig. 1 shows an artificially modified or artificially created estuary 10 with a wall 12, which wall 12 forms a bank of an exemplary shape that gathers and amplifies the incoming tidal flow along a flow channel 13 to a dam/reservoir 15A and/or 15B. The estuary 10 may be located partially onshore, offshore, such as on a tidal land frame, adjacent a coastline (formed of continents, islands, reefs, etc.), or another suitable location. Tidal land frames have been proven to elevate tides to great heights throughout the world and will be the proper location for estuaries 10. The shape of the flow channel 13 and wall 12 shown is exemplary and contemplated to be modified (other examples are provided). However, the walls 12 may be convex or otherwise gradually curved so as to narrow toward each other to restrict the flow channel 13, as shown according to one example. The shape may be different from that illustrated. According to some examples, portions of wall 12 may or may not be modified by human activity. Indeed, in some examples, the entire wall 12 may be created by human activity. Thus, the wall 12 may be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, or the like. In some cases, portions or all of the wall 12 may not be modified by human activity. Thus, the flow channel 12 may be formed, for example, from natural material (e.g., sand, rock, etc.) from the seafloor, or from other man-made or man-made materials. In fig. 1, the wall 12 has a reduced cross-sectional area leading to reservoirs 15A and 15B to better amplify tidal flow. The modified estuary 10 includes a power generation system 14 in communication with a power generation system such as a power grid, battery station, accumulator, hydrogen production facility, or the like. The power generation system 14 may include one or more turbines 18, and optionally may include one or more wind turbines 18A, a water turbine (water turbine) 18B (also referred to herein as a fluid-powered turbine), one or more power splitting couplings, one or more wave generators 18C (also referred to herein as water wheels), and the like.

Fig. 1 depicts walls, dams, islands, gates, breakwaters or other obstructions (for brevity, referred to herein simply as obstructions 17) positioned across and forming the entrance to estuary 10. As discussed further herein, the obstruction 17 may be artificial or artificially modified to have a particular desired shape. In some examples, the obstacle 17 may be created by human activity. Thus, the barrier 17 may be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, or the like. In some cases, portions or all of the obstacle 17 may not be remodeled by human activity. The obstacle 17 may be configured to form an outer wall of the estuary facing the ocean. Thus, in some embodiments, the barrier 17 may block the mouth of the estuary 10 and may separate the estuary 10 from the ocean. Since the barrier 17 is the outermost wall, the barrier 17 may be affected by wave action, storms, tides and other forces such that portions of the wall 12 may not be affected by them (e.g., the barrier 17 acts as a breakwater before the seawater reaches at least some portions of the wall 12). Together, the wall 12 and the obstacle 17 form at least a portion (in practice, a majority) of the enclosure wall that serves as the estuary 10. In some cases, only a flow passage 20 (see later description) can be provided between the wall 12 and the obstacle 17 as an outlet of the estuary 10.

As shown in fig. 1, the shape of the barrier 17 in combination with the shape of the wall 12 may form one or more outlets for water to flow to multiple sides of the barrier 17. The obstacle 17 may have a silver moon shape with a convex side facing the estuary 10 and a concave side also facing the sea. However, other shapes of the obstacle 17 are contemplated. The outside of the obstacle 17 (referred to herein as the outer wall 17A) may have a raised and vertical or nearly vertical face. The outer wall 17A may be configured to create a backflow flow (outflow or dark flow), rebound flow and rebound wave action that may interact with and power a wave generator 18C and/or a hydro turbine 18B placed near the wall 17A. One or more tunnels 19 including one or more flow channels or examples of flow passages may be formed through, under, or past the obstruction 17. For example, one or more tunnels 19 may be configured as a flow channel that receives tidal inflow flows. These tunnels 19 may include a water turbine 18B therein. Such a hydro turbine 18B may have a venturi as discussed herein. Furthermore, each (or only some) of the tunnels may include a gate 19A capable of covering the corresponding tunnel 19 to restrict or block flow to or through the gate.

Fig. 1 shows a estuary 10 filled with water after a tidal inflow and a tidal inflow blocked by a gate 19A on an obstacle 17. As indicated by the arrows, the captured tidal water has begun to flow out along the flow channel 20 between the barrier 17 and the wall 12, and through the gate 19A (which has been opened), and around/past the hydro turbines 18B (i.e., in or near the channel 20) placed in these outflow regions. The channel 20 may be positioned to the lateral side of the obstruction 17 and is designed to limit the tidal outflow from the estuary 10 and thereby increase the speed of the outflow through the hydro turbine 18B.

As shown in fig. 1, the modified wall 12 and the obstruction 17 may position the hydro turbine 18B in a region having a relatively high velocity inlet or outlet flow. The channels 20 may be shaped to collect and amplify tidal estuary flow to the hydro turbine 18B. The inlet formed by the tunnel 19 may also be used as a bypass passage for tidal outflow from the estuary 10, if necessary. The gate 19A may serve as a flow control device and may be position adjustable to selectively open, partially open, and fully close to control the volume (and thus the speed) of flow into and out of the estuary 10 (and thus to the hydro turbine 18B). The partially open gate 19A may meter flow to the hydro turbine 18B in a controlled manner. The opening of the gate 19A may be ordered as desired. The location, size and shape of the tunnel 19 and the channel 20 shown are purely exemplary and other locations are contemplated. The tunnel 19 and channel 20 may be man-made (e.g., formed of metal, concrete, or another material that is not native to the site, such as part of a dam or other structure), or may be formed by using natural materials that are native to the site, such as rock, sand, ocean bottom dredge, and the like.

It should be noted that portions of the flow channel 13 and/or the channel 20 may be formed from and along the bottom of the estuary 10 using pipes, tunnels or other materials, rather than being formed by the wall 12 or the obstruction 17 in some cases. Thus, aspects of the flow channel 13 and/or channel 20 may be submerged (or uncovered after low tides and outflow, but then submerged as the estuary 10 fills). Similarly, the passages 20 and tunnels 19 discussed may be formed as part of a dam or other structure, and in some embodiments need not be formed or partially formed by the barrier 17 and the wall 12.

According to the example of fig. 1, the flow channel 13 and/or the channel 20 may be shaped with at least one section configured as a venturi. Alternatively or additionally, the hydro turbine 18B may be shaped to form a venturi. Such a shape of the channel 20 and/or tunnel 19 may promote a stable and reliable efficient tidal estuary flow and may delay the tidal estuary flow such that it occurs more slowly than in the natural environment or with a non-venturi shaped passageway (time delay exceeding hours, minutes, etc.). The hydro turbine 18B may be located within or immediately adjacent to the channel 20 (within hundreds of meters of the inlet/outlet). It is contemplated that water turbine 18B may be positioned anywhere within the confines of passage 20 and may be any number, where practically feasible. However, if possible, it may be advantageous to place at least one of the one or more hydro turbines 18B at the most limited point in the channel 20 where the tidal estuary flow will have a maximum velocity (such as at, within or downstream of the venturi). Additional hydro turbines 18B may be placed at other locations within or near the flow channel 20, such as at an outlet, an inlet (within the estuary 10 within the flow channel 13), or other locations along the flow channel 20.

The location of wind turbine 18A within estuary 10 is purely exemplary and other locations are also contemplated, such as along wall 12, outside of wall 12, etc.

During tidal filling, the inlet (tunnel 19) is opened (gate 19A is open) to receive the incoming flow. The flow channel 13 is configured to collect incoming tides into the reservoirs 14A and/or 14B. Eventually at peak tidal heights, the gates to reservoirs 14A and 14B are closed. The flow channel 13 will be full. Once the tidal inflow subsides, the gate 19A at the tunnel 19 is closed. The tidal water is then captured at the maximum height within the estuary 10, as defined between the wall 12 and the obstruction 17. The generation/storage of power generation system 14 utilizing wave, water and wind turbines 18C, 18B and 18A may occur during the inflow of estuary 10. The generation/storage of the power generation system 14 using the wave, water and wind turbines 18C, 18B and 18A also occurs during the controlled tidal flow. In particular, as shown in fig. 1, the gate 19A near and/or within the channel 20 may be opened (partially or fully). As shown, this may allow water to pass through the water turbine 18B along the channel 20. The gate 19A in the channel 20 may be a dam or other structure and need not be limited to a gate. Indeed, the channel 20 may be formed by other features of a tunnel or dam, and the water turbine 18B may be placed within the dam, such as within the tunnel (see this for example in fig. 5). Optionally, at the obstruction 17, a gate 19A at or near the tunnel 19 may also be opened (partially or fully) to facilitate the outflow (through the hydro turbine 18B). Once the tidal level in estuary 10 drops sufficiently, the water from reservoirs 14A and 14B may be tapped by the discharge water from these reservoirs to replenish the tidal water in flow channel 13. The reservoirs 14A and 14B may also be emptied back into the ocean instead of into the estuary 10 if desired.

It should be understood that the dimensions (e.g., volume and diameter) of the flow channels 13, 19, and 20 are purely exemplary in fig. 1. Careful investigation should be undertaken to properly size the channels (e.g. provide a suitable cross-sectional area and volume) with respect to the characteristics of the tidal flow (speed, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate) so that the inertia of the water travelling through the channels 13, 19, 20 can be maintained or not significantly reduced before travelling to the turbine.

It should be noted that once filled, the estuary 10 may be emptied at any desired time. Thus, reliance on periodic tides (which change over time over the course of a day) can be avoided. Thus, for example, at times when the required peak power may be met (e.g., during breakfast time and during dinner time), estuary 10 may be emptied to generate electricity by power generation system 14.

For example, one or more turbines 18 may be configured in the manner described in subsequent figures or as known in the art. As known in the art, one or more turbines 18 may include blades for capturing water loads. Likewise, the power generation system 14 may be configured in the manner described in subsequent figures, and may include a hydraulic power generation system, as will be discussed in additional detail later. In some cases, the power generation system 14 may include other power generation sources including hydraulic power generation in parallel or in series with the hydro turbine 18B. This may include wind turbines 18A, wave generators 18C, and other power generation sources. However, such supplemental power generation sources are not required and are optional.

FIG. 1A shows a system 22 that includes a series of estuaries 10 as previously described. For example, these may be constructed in a staggered relationship, as shown. Staggering in the manner shown in fig. 1A (or fig. 2) may also vary the time of tidal current flow into and out of each estuary in the desired manner for power generation purposes.

FIG. 2 shows a system 24 with parallel estuaries 10A, 10B and 10C. Estuaries 10A may be similar to the example of fig. 1A, but estuaries 10B and 10C may be modified to minimize the number of walls 12 between individual estuaries 10. Some estuaries 10B and 10C may have a modified shape (as depicted in fig. 1) relative to estuary 10A. This may result in larger and/or modified flow channels 13B and 13C for estuaries 10B and 10C, and may also modify the shape and size of the obstacles 17B and 17C relative to the obstacle 17A (and also depicted in fig. 1). For example, the obstacles 17B and 17C may form only a single channel 20B and 20C from the estuaries 10B and 10C. The examples of fig. 1A and 2 may include all of the components of the power generation system 14 and other features previously discussed in fig. 1.

Fig. 3A-3C show schematic cross-sections of portions of estuary 10 during filling and releasing as previously described. It should be appreciated that the reservoirs 14A and 14B may be controlled in a similar manner to the flow channel 13 (fig. 1) to allow for power generation. Fig. 3A-3C also show the configuration of the bottom 26 of the estuary 10, and the area of the tapered bottom 26A surrounding and leading to the estuary 10 (such as under the obstacle 17 or through the obstacle 17) can be altered by human activity. The inventors contemplate that false bottoms 26B (which may include tapered bottoms 26A) may be created in certain areas, such as in estuary 10 and near estuary 10. The false bottom 26B may simply be the minimum water level of the estuary 10 that can be maintained for marine life to live in the estuary 10 or safely leave (or enter) the estuary 10 through the hole 28. The false bottom 26B may also be a feature formed by human activity, such as a tunnel, membrane, cavity/cave, or other feature or component.

Figure 3A shows that estuary 10 may be completely filled during high tides. As previously described, the water turbine 18B at the entrance of the obstacle 17 (such as the tunnel 19) may be used to generate electricity. Fig. 3B depicts a low tide, wherein the tidal water in estuary 10 is maintained at or near a high tidal level (low tidal rise relative to the ocean) by gate 19A for use at any desired time for power generation as described herein. Fig. 3C depicts that water from the estuary 10 can be released by opening the gate 19A during low tides (or at another time such as between high tides and low tides) to generate electricity via the hydro turbine 18B. The outflow from estuary 10 may be delayed (e.g., hours, minutes, days) as desired.

Fig. 4 depicts a system 30 that may be used with either of the reservoirs 14A, 14B (fig. 1) previously described, or indeed with the flow channel 13 (fig. 1) itself. The system 30 includes a tub 32 and a tank 34 (e.g., reservoirs 14A, 14B, flow channel 13, or other feature). The tub 32 may be filled while the inflowing water simultaneously fills the tank 34. When the water level in the tank 34 drops, the tub 32 may descend into the tank 34, thereby increasing the height of water inside the tank 34 by displacement. Once the water in the tub 32 is emptied, the empty tub 32 can be used again to lift the water in the tank 34 (again by displacement).

Fig. 5 depicts a dam 36 that may be used as part of the obstruction 17 (fig. 1) or as an additional feature of the estuary 10 (such as in or forming the channel 20 for the outflow from the estuary 10 through the hydro turbine 18b—see also fig. 1). The dam 36 may include one or more gates 19A (FIG. 1), and once the estuary 10 behind the dam 36 is filled as desired, the gates 19A may be selectively closed to store energy for use as desired.

Fig. 6A-6E illustrate examples of wave-powered generators 18C contemplated for use with the present systems, methods, and techniques. It should be noted that as depicted in fig. 1, placing the wave generator 18C close to the obstacle 17 may be particularly efficient, as the deflected wave action returning from the obstacle 17 may generate additional wave energy that may be captured. However, the location of the wave-power generator 18C is purely exemplary in fig. 1, and may be located at any desired location (e.g., without the need to be close to the obstacle 17). Specifically, FIG. 6A shows an example of an open ocean tidal turbine 38, which may be located where wave action (e.g., reflux) may result in additional power generation. Fig. 6B shows an example of a twin turbine 40 arrangement. This may also be in a location where wave action (e.g., reflux) may result in additional power generation.

Fig. 6C shows the paddlewheel device 42. The apparatus 42 may be constructed in a similar manner to that described in applicant's U.S. application Ser. No. 17/860,842, entitled "RIVER VENTURIPOWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", which was previously incorporated by reference, but may include a water wheel 44. The operation of the device 42 will be discussed with reference to the following fig. 15A-15F: the device 42 may be used as a hydro turbine 18B and/or a wave generator 18C.

Fig. 6D shows a serpentine wave power device 46 that uses a hydraulic pump at the junction to circulate fluid and generate electricity. Fig. 6E shows a floating device 48 that uses wave motion to drive a subsea pump that circulates fluid to an onshore device.

Fig. 7A and 7B show a wave-generator 18C that may be provided along the wall 12 (fig. 1) or along the obstacle 17 (fig. 7A), such as along its wall 17A. These generators 18C may include floats 50 that can be raised and lowered by wave action. For example, such movement may circulate hydraulic fluid and may be used to turn a generator.

Fig. 8 shows an example of wave impact and rebound action away from the obstacle 17 (in particular the wall 17A), which may be harvested by a wave generator 18C (or indeed a land-based or land-anchor device as shown in fig. 7A and 7B) placed in the vicinity of the obstacle 17.

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate examples of naturally occurring tidal estuaries 10A and 10B that may be formed or modified at least in part from human activity using the techniques discussed herein, including using the power generation systems discussed herein. In the images of fig. 9 and 10, the tide is running. It is contemplated that multiple estuaries connected in series with each other may be created in the manner shown in fig. 9 and 10.

FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary turbine 100, which may be a hydrodynamic turbine or a wind turbine. The turbine 100 (or variations thereof known in the art or discussed herein) may be used with the systems and apparatus of fig. 1-10 and the figures described subsequently. Thus, the turbine 100 is merely an example of one possible turbine that may be used with the devices and systems discussed herein.

In fig. 11, a turbine 100 may include a turbine rotor 102 and at least one turbine blade 104. The turbine blades 104 may be rotatably coupled to the turbine rotor 102. For example, the turbine blade 104 may include an airfoil shape, and the pitch (pitch) of the airfoil relative to the tidal estuary flow may be adjustable. The turbine rotor 102 may be mounted to the nacelle 106, for example, by bearings 110. The tower 108 may support the nacelle 106 at a sufficiently high position above the ground of the tidal estuary to provide clearance for the turbine blades 104 to rotate. Nacelle 106 may house and in some examples also support a gearbox 112, a power split drive coupling 114, a generator 116, and at least one hydraulic motor 118. The turbine blades 104 may generate a torque in response to tidal estuary loads and transfer the torque to the turbine rotor 102. The turbine rotor 102 may transfer torque generated by the turbine blades 104 to the generator 116. The generator 116 may generate electrical power in response to applying torque to the generator rotor 120 that causes the generator rotor to rotate within the stator of the generator 116. The turbine rotor 102 may be coupled to the generator 116 by one or more links (rotating shafts). The gearbox 112 and power split drive coupling 114 may be operably coupled to one or more links between the turbine rotor 102 and the generator 116. For example, the turbine rotor may include a turbine rotor shaft. Gearbox 112 may include an output coupling, and an input coupling attached to a turbine rotor shaft. The gearbox 112 may include one or more sprockets and gears arranged to rotate the output coupling at a speed corresponding to the speed ratio of the input coupling (i.e., the turbine rotor shaft). In other words, the gearbox 112 may rotate the output coupling at a faster, slower, or equal speed as compared to the turbine rotor shaft. One or more of the links may also include an input shaft 122 of the power split transmission coupling 114 (as shown in fig. 13 and 14 and described herein). The power split transmission coupling 114 may transfer hydraulic fluid to a storage vessel at high pressure. The hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure may be used for auxiliary power purposes including, but not limited to, supplying high pressure hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic motor 118 for power generation or regeneration, pumping fluid, supplying cooling fluid to components of the turbine 100, and the like.

The hydraulic motor 118 may also be coupled to a generator rotor 120 for providing increased torque and power to the generator 116. In the example of fig. 11, the turbine 100 includes three hydraulic motors 118, and one of the hydraulic motors 118 is capable of operating at variable displacement. In one example, multiple hydraulic motors 118 may be more efficient than a single larger hydraulic motor 118. For example, where the maximum power output of the hydraulic motor 118 may exceed the maximum power of the generator 116, the hydraulic motor 118 may be destroked to operate below maximum capacity. Some hydraulic motors 118 operate less efficiently on the destroke. The greater the extent of destroking, the less efficient the operation of the hydraulic motor 118. In an example, the hydraulic motor 118 may include a similar design as the power split drive coupling 114 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4 and described herein). Instead of diverting hydraulic fluid to reduce torque transferred to the generator 116, the hydraulic motor 118 may generate torque on the generator rotor 120 in response to applying high pressure hydraulic fluid to the hub and blades of the hydraulic motor 118.

FIG. 12 depicts a system diagram according to an example of a turbine 100. The turbine 100 may include a turbine rotor 102, turbine blades 104, a gearbox 112, a power split drive coupling 114, an electrical generator 116, and a plurality of hydraulic motors, as previously described herein. The example of fig. 2 also includes a hydraulic storage vessel 202, a hydraulic fluid reservoir 204, and a cooling circuit 206. In the event that the mechanical power of the turbine rotor 102 exceeds the maximum power of the generator 116, the power split drive coupling 114 may draw hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 into the power split drive coupling 114 and transfer the hydraulic fluid under high pressure to the hydraulic storage vessel 202. The power split transmission coupling 114 may include an inlet port and an outlet port (as shown in fig. 3 and described herein). An inlet port may be coupled to the reservoir 204 to communicate hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 to the power split transmission coupling 114. The hydraulic storage conduit 208 may couple the power split transmission coupler 114 to the hydraulic storage vessel 202. High pressure hydraulic fluid may be stored in the storage vessel 202 under high pressure. For example, the high pressure hydraulic fluid may be hydraulic fluid at a pressure including, but not limited to, 20bar, 100bar, 300bar, 500bar, or other pressure. The hydraulic storage conduit 208 may include at least one shut-off valve 210 positioned along the hydraulic storage conduit between the power split transmission coupling 114 and the hydraulic storage vessel 202. With the shut-off valve 210 in the closed position, communication of hydraulic fluid from the power split transmission coupling 114 to the hydraulic storage reservoir may be interrupted or stopped. Closing the shut-off valve may prevent reverse flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage tank 202 to the power split transmission coupling 114.

In the example, the turbine system 100 includes at least one hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 coupled between the hydraulic storage vessel 202 and the at least one hydraulic motor 118. For example, as shown in fig. 12, a hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 may be connected to the hydraulic storage conduit 208 between the hydraulic storage vessel 202 and the shut-off valve 210. In the regeneration mode, the turbine 100 may direct hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage tank 202 to the one or more hydraulic motors 118 via the hydraulic regeneration conduit 214. The hydraulic regeneration conduit 214 may include one or more regeneration valves 212. In the open position, high pressure hydraulic fluid may flow from the hydraulic storage tank to the at least one hydraulic motor 118 through the regeneration valve 212. Torque may be provided to generator rotor 120 in response to high pressure hydraulic fluid passing through hydraulic motor 118.

In an example, the hydraulic fluid may include, but is not limited to, water, a water glycol mixture, hydraulic oil, and the like. The split power transmission device may operate with water as the fluid medium to transfer torque from the input shaft to the output shaft, thereby saving costs over more expensive fluids. Couplings, fittings, hoses, conduits, etc. may leak hydraulic fluid during normal operation. The use of water as hydraulic fluid may result in an environmentally friendly solution. In an example, ethylene glycol (glycol) or ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol) may be added to water to form a water glycol mixture. For example, a water glycol mixture may include a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure water.

In the example of fig. 12, the reservoir may include a fluid storage tank for holding hydraulic fluid at a low pressure (such as atmospheric pressure). In an example, the reservoir 204 may include a large body of water, such as an ocean, lake, tidal estuary, storage compartment, tank, or the like. For example, the large body of water may include a naturally occurring body of water. The reservoir may provide hydraulic fluid for cooling various components of the turbine 100, or for storing hydraulic fluid at high pressure generated by the power split transmission coupling 114. In an example, the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir 204 may be returned to the reservoir 204 without being stored under high pressure. For example, in the case where hydraulic fluid is circulated in a cooling circuit (described further below), the hydraulic fluid may be returned to the reservoir 204.

The hydraulic storage tank 202 may be configured to store high-pressure hydraulic fluid for a long period of time. For example, the hydraulic storage vessel 202 may contain a pressure of up to 350bar for hours, days, weeks, or months. In the example of fig. 2, the hydraulic storage reservoir 202 is a hydraulic accumulator. The accumulator may be filled with a gas or liquid, such as nitrogen or liquid nitrogen, to increase the storage pressure of the accumulator. In an example, the stored hydraulic fluid may provide up to 1 megawatt or more of power.

The cooling circuit 206 may circulate hydraulic fluid (e.g., from the reservoir 204) in a conduit. In the example shown in fig. 12, hydraulic fluid diverted from the power split transmission coupling 114 may be circulated through the cooling circuit 206. The cooling circuit 206 may transfer heat away from turbine components including, but not limited to, the gearbox 112, the power split drive coupling 114, the generator 116, and the like. For example, the cooling circuit 206 may include one or more heat exchangers to transfer heat away from the turbine component. In an example, the water may be hydraulic fluid that is used as a cooling source for the turbine power assembly. In an example, hydraulic fluid exiting the hydraulic motor 118 may be circulated through the cooling circuit 206 before returning to the reservoir 204. Optionally, water may be combined with a flame retardant (e.g., a foaming agent) to reduce the flammability of the hydraulic fluid. In an example, the hydraulic fluid may be a water glycol mixture with good flame retardant properties. Hydraulic fluid may mitigate damage to generator 116 and the risk of fire, and thus generator 116 may operate at rated power. In an example, a hydraulic fluid (e.g., water glycol) may be used to extinguish a developing fire. For example, the cooling circuit 206 may include a fire suppression nozzle that releases hydraulic fluid to extinguish a fire.

Fig. 13 shows a perspective view of an example of a power split transmission coupling 114 (sometimes referred to herein simply as a power split coupling, a hydraulic coupling, or simply a coupling). As previously described, the power split transmission coupling 114 may include an input shaft 302 and an output shaft 304. Further, according to some examples, a through shaft arrangement is also contemplated. The torque applied to the output shaft 304 may be adjusted according to the adjustable torque ratio of the input shaft 302. In an example, the torque of the output shaft 304 may be reduced according to an adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114. Shifting hydraulic fluid through the outlet port 306 of the power split transmission coupling 114 may reduce the adjustable torque ratio (i.e., reduce the amount of torque on the output shaft 304 relative to the torque of the input shaft 302). A hub (shown in fig. 14 and described herein) may be fixedly attached to the input shaft 302. The hub may rotate within cam ring 308. In an example, cam ring 308 may be fixedly attached to output shaft 304. The power split transmission coupling 114 may have a through drive mode and a power split mode. In the through drive mode, the hub and cam ring are at a substantially fixed 1:1 ratio rotation (i.e., the output torque is substantially equal to the input torque). In the power split mode, the power split drive coupling 114 may mitigate excess power or shock applied to the generator. For example, the adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114 may be adjusted such that the torque of the output shaft 304 is constant, wherein the torque applied to the input shaft 302 may vary. In an example, the power split transmission coupling 114 may include a housing. Cam ring 308 and hub 402 may be disposed within a housing. Hydraulic fluid may be included in the cavity between the housing and cam ring 308, input shaft 302, output shaft 304, or other components for lubrication or coolant.

FIG. 14 is an example of a cross-sectional view of power split drive coupling 114 positioned perpendicular to input shaft 302 and centered within hub 402. Cam ring 308 includes an inlet port 404, an outlet port 306, and a cam ring surface 408. Cam ring surface 408 may be elliptical in shape. The inlet port 404 may extend from an outer portion of the cam ring 308 and split into at least two conduits, each extending to an opposite quadrant of the cam ring surface 408 in the example shown in fig. 14. The outlet port 306 may extend from an outer portion of the cam ring 308 and split into at least two conduits, each extending to an opposite quadrant of the cam ring surface 408 and adjacent to the inlet port quadrant. The inlet port 404 and the outlet port 306 may terminate at a cam ring surface 408, with one or more holes formed in the cam ring surface 408. In the example of fig. 14, the elliptical shape of cam ring 308 may be symmetrical. The symmetry of cam ring 308 may balance forces applied to the bearings of power split drive coupling 114. Such as bearings that support the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304. The balanced forces may extend the life of the power split transmission coupling 114 due to reduced mechanical stress and fatigue.

Hub 402 may be located at a central axis of cam ring surface 408. As shown in fig. 14, the hub 402 may include a circular shape that is sized to fit within the elliptical shape of the cam ring surface 408. For example, the hub 402 may be sized to have a clearance fit, such as a precision running fit, with the cam ring surface 408 to allow the hub 402 to rotate within the cam ring 308 with minimal clearance. Hub 402 may include a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots 410 extending radially outward from a central axis of hub 402. Each slot 410 may be sized and shaped to support a vane 406 therein. The interior portion of slot 410 may include a signal path in fluid communication with high pressure.

As shown in the example of fig. 14, the vane 406 may be located within the slot 410. The blades may extend radially outward from the central axis of the hub 402 in response to high pressure fluid being applied to the base 414 of the blades 406 through the signal path. In an example, the high pressure fluid may be a high pressure hydraulic fluid. Tips 412 of vanes 406 may contact cam ring surface 408 in a fully extended position. Each blade 406 may extend and retract throughout the rotation cycle of hub 402. For example, the tip 412 may be substantially flush with the outer surface of the hub 402 in the first orientation of the hub 402 and then displaced to a partially extended position or a fully extended position as the hub 402 rotates from the start of the first quadrant to the start of the second quadrant. In the retracted position, the input shaft 302 may be independently rotated relative to the output shaft 304.

In an example, tip 412 may include a roller bearing (referred to herein as a roller blade). The roller vanes may reduce friction between the vanes 406 and the cam ring surface 408 and may be used in a large power split transmission coupling 114 (e.g., 200 kilowatts or greater). Where the hydraulic fluid comprises an environmentally friendly or non-flammable fluid (such as water glycol), roller vanes may be used to reduce friction between vanes 406 and cam ring 308. The blade 406 may also include a coating to reduce friction, increase corrosion resistance, or reduce wear. For example, the blade 406 may include a diamond carbon coating or a diamond powder coating to improve the corrosion resistance of the blade 406. The coating may be selected from a variety of coatings to reduce friction in the case of using a particular hydraulic fluid in the power split transmission coupling 114. In the case of using water glycol in the power split transmission coupling 114, the diamond dust coating may reduce corrosion.

As previously stated, the power split transmission coupling 114 may include a through drive mode and a power split mode. In the through drive mode, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 may include 1: 1. For example, the input shaft 302 and the output shaft 304 may rotate together (i.e., at the same angular velocity). Hydraulic fluid between hub 402 and cam ring 308 may be pressurized by power split transmission coupling 114. For example, where the vane 406 extends, pressure may be applied to the hydraulic fluid by the vane 406. Torque is transferred from hub 402 to cam ring 308 by pressurized hydraulic fluid on cam ring 308. The outlet port 306 may be closed (i.e., empty (deadheading)). With hydraulic fluid captured within power split transmission coupling 114, substantially all of the torque from hub 402 may be transferred to cam ring 308. The torque applied to the generator 116 may be substantially equal to the torque of the input shaft 302. The power split drive coupling 114 may operate in a through drive mode in which the power applied to the input shaft 302 is below the rated power of the generator 116 (e.g., at low turbine rotor speeds). The efficiency of the turbine 100 may be maximized by operating the power splitting drive coupling 114 in a through drive mode in which the turbine rotor power is below the rated power of the generator 116 (e.g., when the tidal estuary and/or wind speed is low).

In the power split mode, the outlet port 306 may be open or partially open. Hydraulic fluid may exit the power split transmission coupling 114 through the outlet port 306. The pressure of the hydraulic fluid between the hub 402 and the cam ring 308 may be reduced due to the exiting (diverted) hydraulic fluid. Thus, less than substantially all of the input shaft 302 torque may be transferred to the output shaft 304. In an example, as hub 402 rotates within cam ring 308, the volume between vanes 406 in the inlet quadrant of cam ring 308 increases. As the hub 402 rotates within the cam ring 308, the volume between the vanes 406 in the outlet quadrant of the cam ring 308 decreases. The increased volume in the inlet quadrant draws hydraulic fluid into the power split transmission coupling 114. For example, the increased volume may create a negative pressure that draws hydraulic fluid into the power split transmission coupling 114. The reduced volume in the outlet quadrant may increase the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, for example by compressing the hydraulic fluid. In response to the power transferred from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304 exceeding a threshold level (e.g., maximum rated generator power), a portion of the hydraulic fluid in the outlet quadrant may be diverted through the outlet port 306. The diverted hydraulic fluid may be stored under pressure (e.g., the pressure at which the hydraulic fluid exits the power split transmission coupling 114) and in the storage vessel 202. In other words, the hydraulic fluid exiting power split transmission coupling 114 may be high pressure hydraulic fluid.

The adjustable torque ratio of the power split transmission coupling 114 may be adjusted to provide desired output shaft conditions including, but not limited to, output shaft torque, power, rotational speed, etc. The difference between the torque of the input shaft 302 and the torque of the output shaft 304 is proportional to the volume of high pressure hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split transmission coupling 114. For example, the outlet port 306 may include an adjustable valve. The orifice of the adjustable valve may be adjusted to increase or decrease the flow rate of fluid flowing through the outlet port 306. Increasing the flow rate of hydraulic fluid through the outlet port 306 may reduce the amount of torque transferred from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. In an example, the extension of the vane 406 may be controlled to achieve a desired output shaft condition. The position of the tips 412 of the vanes 406 may be adjusted to a position flush with the outer surface 416 of the hub 402, a position in contact with the cam ring 308, or any position therebetween. The adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by any number of mechanical or electromechanical devices including, but not limited to, electric motors, servos, flow control valves, mechanical linkages, hydraulic motors, hydraulic systems, pneumatic motors, pneumatic systems, and the like. In an example, the adjustable torque ratio may be controlled by a computer in communication with the electromechanical device.

In an example, stored hydraulic fluid may be supplied to the hydraulic motor 118 at high pressure to increase the power or electricity generated by the generator 116. For example, when the power applied to generator rotor 120 is below the maximum rated power of generator 116, additional power may be provided to generator 116 from hydraulic motor 118. In an example, reducing the power transmitted to the generator rotor 120 may prevent damage to the generator 116 or prevent excessive supply of power to the grid, and thus prevent an undesirable increase in the electrical frequency of the grid. In the power split mode, by reducing the power transmitted to the generator 116, the electrical power generated by the turbine rotor 102 is not wasted. Instead, the excess power is stored as high pressure fluid for use at another time or location, such as for providing additional power to the generator 116 when tidal estuary and/or wind speed is low, or for providing additional power to another turbine operating below maximum production. In an example, the power split transmission coupling 114 may smooth torque and/or power transmitted from the input shaft 302 to the output shaft 304. For example, inconsistent input shaft torque may be converted to constant output shaft torque by the rate-split transmission coupling 114. In an example, the energy efficiency of the power split transmission coupling 114 may be 90% or higher. In contrast, the energy efficiency of a piston pump is only 70%. The power split transmission coupling 114 may operate at a power capacity in excess of 1 megawatt (such as 2 megawatts, 3 megawatts, or more).

Fig. 15A, 15B, and 15C illustrate a power generation, storage, and regeneration system 2600 according to another example. The system 2600 can include a water flow capture device 2601 that can be used with the water turbine 18B (fig. 1) and/or as the wave capture device 18C. The water flow capture device 2601 may be modified to a waterwheel apparatus 42 (fig. 6C) with one or both of the two turbines discussed below eliminated and the wheel 44 replaced (fig. 6C). The water flow capture device 2601 may include one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B, one or more power split drive couplings 2614A and 2614B, a gear box 2616, a first flywheel 2618A, a second flywheel 2618B, one or more pump/motors 2620, one or more accumulators 2622, and one or more generators 2624. Although not specifically shown in fig. 15A-15C, the system 2600 may also include one or more controllers, as well as one or more sensors (such as an electrical control unit and a tachometer). The controller may be used to operate the system 2600 in the various modes of operation discussed herein.

Referring now to fig. 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, and 15F in combination, the water flow capture apparatus 2601 may include an outer nacelle 2602, one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B, a plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB, an inner wall 2608, venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, a first flow passage 2612A, a second flow passage 2612B, a sliding door 2626, a screen 2628, one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B, and a water diversion gate 2632. In addition to the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, the outer nacelle 2602 may include an inlet section 2634 and an outlet section 2636.

At the system level, the system 2600 (water flow capture device 2601) may be configured to capture a quantity of water (e.g., from a river, stream, tide, or other flowing water source) and pool the water to one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606 BB. The loading of water flowing through one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB may cause one or more of the plurality of blades 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB to rotate one or more turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B. The turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B may be coupled to or as one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B. One or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B may be selectively coupled with one or more drive shafts 2613A and 2613B and may be used in the manner previously discussed. The drive shafts 2613A and 2613B may extend from one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B and may be coupled with a gearbox 2616. Another drive shaft 2614C (or multiple shafts) may extend from the gearbox 2616 and may be coupled in a series or parallel arrangement with the first flywheel 2618A, the second flywheel 2618B, the one or more generators 2624, and the one or more pump/motors 2620. Hydraulically, one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B may be in selective fluid communication with a gear box 2616, one or more pump/motors 2620, and one or more accumulators 2622 (see schematic diagrams of fig. 16A and 16C).

The system 2600 may be constructed and operate in a similar manner as the systems of fig. 11-14 discussed above. However, the first flywheel 2618A and/or the second flywheel 2618B may be important additions. The first flywheel 2618A and the second flywheel 2618B may differ in size and inertia. The first and second flywheels 2618A and 2618B may smoothly transfer power from the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B to one or more generators 2624. The inertia of each of the first and second flywheels 2618A and 2618B opposes and mitigates speed fluctuations of the turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B (as a result of changes in water flow speed) and stores excess rotational energy (preserves angular momentum) for intermittent use.

Turning to the water flow capture device 2601 shown in fig. 15A, 15B, 15C, 15D, 15E, and 15F, the outer nacelle 2602 may collect water into the water flow capture device 2601 via the inlet section 2634. Accordingly, the inlet section 2634 may have a decreasing cross-sectional area proceeding from an upstream edge thereof toward a downstream direction. The outer nacelle 2602 may be constructed of a suitable material, such as plastic, sheet metal, reinforced concrete, or the like. The inlet section 2634 may be in fluid communication with the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B having a reduced cross-sectional area relative to the inlet section 2634 and the outlet section 2636. The venturi sections 2610A and 2610B may be separated from each other by an inner wall 2608. The inner wall 2608 may extend into or adjacent to the inlet section 2634 and/or the outlet section 2636. The upstream leading edge of the inner wall 2608 may have an airfoil, cone, or aerodynamic shape. The inner wall 2608, in combination with the outer nacelle 2602, may form a first flow passage 2612A and a second flow passage 2612B within the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively.

The plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB may be located in or adjacent to the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B. In particular, the vane 2606A may be located in or adjacent to the first flow channel 2612A, and the vanes 2606B and 2606BB may be located in or adjacent to the second flow channel 2612B. Blades 2606B and 2606BB may be spaced apart from each other (such as in a vertical arrangement) and coupled together via turbine rotor 2604B. Blades 2606B and 2606BB may differ from blade 2606A in size and/or shape. In the example shown, the blade 2606A may be larger (at least longer in length) than the blades 2606B and 2606 BB. However, it is contemplated that blade 2606A may be larger in other sizes and/or may have a different airfoil geometry than blades 2606B and 2606BB, etc.

It should also be noted that the first flow channel 2612A (which is formed by the venturi section 2610A and the inner wall 2608) may differ in volume (e.g., cross-sectional area, shape, etc.) from the second flow channel 2612B (which is formed by the venturi section 2610B and the inner wall 2608). For example, such a volume difference may be between 0.1% and 80%. However, this volumetric difference is not accounted for in some embodiments.

Sliding door 2626 (shown in fig. 15B and 15C) may be selectively moved into or out of outer nacelle 2602. Multiple location (e.g., partial insertion) areas of sliding door 2626 are possible. When selectively moved fully into the outer nacelle 2602, the sliding door 2626 may block water flow through a portion of the second flow channel 2612B such that water does not engage and/or load the vanes 2606B (see fig. 15C).

One or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may include doors or other selectively openable openings on the outer nacelle 2602, such as in downstream locations of the inlet section 2634 upstream of the venturi sections 2610A and 2610B, respectively.

The water diversion gate 2632 may be hinged to rotate to selectively reduce and/or block flow to one of the first flow channel 2612A or the second flow channel 2612B. The water flow may be directed (i.e., split) from one of the flow channel 2612A or the second flow channel 2612B to the other of the flow channel 2612A or the second flow channel 2612B (or out of one of the bypass gates 2630A or 2630B) by a water gate 2632. For example, in fig. 15D, the water gate 2632 may be positioned by articulation to reduce the flow to the second flow channel 2612B, and at least a portion of this flow (excess flow) may be directed by the water gate 2632 to the first flow channel 2612A. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 15E, the water gate 2632 may be hinged to reduce the flow rate to the first flow channel 2612A, and at least a portion of the flow rate (excess flow rate) may be directed by the water gate 2632 to the second flow channel 2612B. Fig. 15F illustrates that the water diversion gate 2632 may be locked or otherwise held in a neutral position in which it does not divert flow between the first flow passage 2612A and the second flow passage 2612B.

A screen 2628 may be placed in the inlet section 2634 or adjacent to the inlet section 2634 (in front of the inlet section 2634) to prevent aquatic animals or debris from entering the water flow capture apparatus 2601.

The water diversion gate 2632, sliding gate 2626, and/or one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may be used in combination to direct the water flow to load the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and/or 2606BB such that power generation is maximized for a given water flow rate through the water flow capture device 2601. For example, at low water flow rates (lowest flow and power generation possible 1), one or more bypass gates 2630A and 2630B will be closed. The diverter gate 2632 may be hinged to direct substantially all or a majority of the water flow into the second flow channel 2612B. The sliding door 2626 may also be moved into the outer nacelle 2602 to block water flow through a portion of the second flow channel 2612B so that water does not engage and/or load the vanes 2606B (see fig. 15C). Then, at the lowest flow condition, power will come only from the water flow loading the vanes 2606 BB.

At slightly higher water flow rates (case 2), sliding door 2626 may be removed (or at least partially removed) from within outer nacelle 2602. This will allow a certain amount of flow within venturi section 2610B to load vanes 2606B and vanes 2606BB.

If the water flow rate is further increased (case 3), the water gate 2632 may be hinged to direct a portion, a majority, or substantially all of the water flow into the first flow channel 2612A to engage the larger vanes 2606A. Thus, flow will be diverted from the second flow channel 2612B such that the vanes 2606B and 2606BB will have reduced loads.

With a further increased water flow rate (case 4), one or both of bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may be opened. With still further increased water flow rates (case 5), bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may be closed, and water diversion gate 2632 may be locked or otherwise held in a neutral position to allow water to flow to first and second flow passages 2612A and 2612B to the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB. At the highest flow velocity (case 6), the water diversion gate 2632 may remain in the neutral position, but one or both of the bypass gates 2630A and 2630B may be open. At the highest flow velocity (case 6), water flow may reach both the first flow channel 2612A and the second flow channel 2612B to the plurality of vanes 2606A, 2606B, and 2606BB.

The above cases 1 to 6 are exemplary modes of operation, and it is recognized that other modes of operation are possible. These additional modes of operation include initially diverting flow from the second flow channel 2612B such that flow progresses through the first flow channel 2612A to load the vanes 2606A at a flow velocity or flow condition prescribed. Furthermore, the use of a water diversion gate 2632 to divert the flow only partially such that the case where the first flow channel 2612A and the second flow channel 2612B each receive some water flow to load the vanes is considered a possible additional mode of operation.

Fig. 16A and 16B illustrate a power storage mode of operation of system 2600, which may occur at higher water flow rates (e.g., such as cases 4-6 as described above). In this power storage mode, turbine rotors 2604A and 2604B rotate at a speed that is higher than the desired grid generator speed. The one or more power split transmission couplings 2614A and 2614B may reduce the corresponding shaft speed to a rotational speed acceptable to the generator and may transfer hydraulic fluid with excess energy as a pump to one or more accumulators 2622.

Fig. 16C and 16D illustrate a power regeneration mode of operation of the system 2600. This may occur at a lowest or lower water flow condition, such as condition 1 or condition 0 (insufficient flow rate—rotors 2604A and 2604B do not turn). In a power regeneration mode of operation, one or more accumulators 2622 may be depleted or emptied to power one or more pump/motors 2620 to rotate one or more generators 2624 at a desired speed.

The system 2600 may use sensors. These sensors may include tachometers or other types of suitable sensors that may provide the controller with sensing along the shaft or rotor. For the various modes of operation discussed later, the sensor may be an electronic input to the controller. The controller may be in electrical communication with the plurality of sensors, the one or more valves, and the plurality of actuators. The sensors may sense various aspects of the input and output shafts of the power split transmission coupling, the rotor, or other shafts in the system 2600. These aspects may include a revolution count, rotational speed of the input and/or output shaft or rotor, acceleration of the input and/or output shaft or rotor, and the like. One or more valves may be controlled by a controller using inputs from a plurality of sensors. One or more valves may send pilot signals or other signals to change the mode of operation of the power split transmission coupling. Such modes of operation and pilot signals are discussed herein, in the applicant's prior patents and patent applications incorporated herein by reference. Accordingly, the controller may control the operation of the power split transmission coupling and other components to the various modes of operation discussed herein.

The controller may also control the operation of the water flow capture device 2601 and the system 2600 to operate in the various modes previously discussed herein. To facilitate such control operations, the plurality of actuators may be electrically controlled by a controller.

The plurality of actuators may include an actuator 2610A for bypass gate 2630A and an actuator for bypass gate 2630B. The actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate under an electronic signal from the controller. Similarly, the actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the bypass gate 2630B under an electronic signal from the controller. Under an electronic signal from the controller, the actuator may fully open, partially close, or fully close the sliding door 2626. The actuator may actuate the movement of the water diversion gate 2632 as previously described under an electronic signal from the controller.

Fig. 17A-17C illustrate an artificially modified or artificially created estuary 2710 having a similar configuration to the estuary 10 described in fig. 1 but modified. Some modifications are to add some additional components and features, as will be discussed herein, including modified versions of the water flow capture device 2601 (fig. 15A-16D), as will be discussed further herein.

Estuary 2710 may have walls 2712 that form banks of exemplary shape that funnel and amplify incoming tidal flow along flow channel 2713 to dam/reservoir 2715A, dam/reservoir 2715B and/or water flow capture device 2750. Estuaries 2710 may be located partially onshore, offshore, such as on a tidal land frame, adjacent a coastline (formed of continents, islands, reefs, etc.), or another suitable location as previously discussed. The shape of the flow channel 2713 and wall 2712 shown is exemplary and contemplated to be modified (other examples are provided). However, the walls 2712 may be convex or otherwise gently curved so as to narrow toward each other to restrict the flow channel 2713, as shown according to one example. The shape may be different from the pear shape shown. According to some examples, portions of wall 2712 may or may not be modified by human activity. Indeed, in some examples, the entire wall 2712 may be created by human activity. Thus, wall 2712 may be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, or the like. In some cases, portions or all of wall 2712 may not be altered by human activity. Thus, the flow channel 2713 may be formed of a natural material (e.g., sand, rock, etc.), such as a seafloor or other man-made or man-made material.

In fig. 17A-17C, the wall 2712 has a reduced cross-sectional area leading to the reservoirs 2715A, 2715B and the water flow capture device 2750 for better amplification of tidal flow. The modified estuary 2710 includes a power generation system 2714 in communication with a power generation system such as a power grid, generator, battery station, accumulator, hydrogen production facility, or the like. The power generation system 2714 may include components similar to the systems 14 and 2600 described previously. Further, the power generation system 2714 may include a water turbine 18B powered by flow from the water line 2752, the dam/reservoir 2715A, and/or the dam/reservoir 2715B in addition to (or in lieu of) the water flow capture device 2750.

Accordingly, the power generation system 2714 includes one or more turbines, particularly one or more hydro turbines 18B as previously described. Wind, floating, and other power generation equipment (e.g., wind turbines, etc.) may also be utilized, but are not specifically shown.

The estuary 2710 of fig. 17A to 17C is different from the estuary 10 of fig. 1 in that it does not include an obstacle. Conversely, the mouth of estuary 2710 is open to the ocean and faces outwardly toward the ocean. Gate 2719 can be used to close estuary 2710 and retain tidal water within estuary 2710, as described further herein. Gate 2719 can be selectively opened and closed to open or block the mouth of estuary 2710. Wall 2712 and gate 2719 may together form a perimeter wall, i.e., estuary 2710. For example, gate 2719 (and other gates/gates discussed herein) may be hydraulically operated.

Fig. 17A shows an artificial land frame or bottom 2726 that may be used within or near estuary 2710, for example as previously discussed in fig. 3A-3C. For example, the bottom 2726 may be tapered, raised or otherwise modified from the sea floor to increase the height of tidal flow into the estuary 2710. Estuary 2710 itself may have a bottom that is manually modified, such as a false bottom as previously described herein.

Fig. 17A-17C include some additional features or variations from the previously described devices and/or systems that will now be discussed. Estuary 2710 includes water tube 2752. The water tube 2752 may be selectively in communication with the flow channel 2713. The water tube 2752 can have a door/gate 2753 or the like that can be opened or selectively closed to the volume of the flow channel 2713 within the estuary 2710. Similarly, the door/gate may be placed within or near the water tube 2752, such as near or at the outlet 2754 of the water tube. In this manner, the water tube 2752, which is closed by the door/gate, may hold/retain a quantity of water for use as needed in a similar manner to the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B. The water tube 2752 can have an outlet 2754 on the exterior of the wall 2712 of the estuary 2710.

Further, one or more water turbines 18B may be placed within or near the outlet 2754 of the water tube 2752. The water tube 2752 may be constructed of concrete, steel, or other suitable material. The position of the water tube 2752 relative to the height of the wall 2712 may vary from example to example, and may vary from relative position within the estuary 2710 (e.g., relatively close to the gate 2719 as compared to the water flow capturing device 2750). Although the outlet 2754 is shown midway between the top of the wall 2712 and the bottom 2726 of the estuary 2710, this location is purely exemplary. For example, the outlet 2754 may be near the bottom 2726 or at the bottom 2726. Although a single water tube 2752 is shown in fig. 17A-17C, the present invention contemplates that a plurality of such tubes at different positions and different relative heights with respect to the bottom 2726 may be utilized.

Fig. 17A-17C contemplate the use of one or more hydro turbines 18B located at the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or the outlet 2756 of the dam/reservoir 2715B, as discussed further with respect to fig. 22.

The water flow capture device 2750 may have a housing formed from the outer nacelle 2602, as discussed in previous embodiments. The outer nacelle 2602 may be shaped to form a venturi in the region of the hydro turbine 18B (fig. 17C). The hydro turbine 18B may be located within the outer nacelle 2602 within or near the venturi. The gate/door may regulate the flow or rate of captured tides from the estuary 2710 to the water flow capture device 2750. For example, the water flow capture device 2750 may be located at the narrowest cross-sectional area location of the estuary 2710 that is most restrictive. This may be near the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B. However, other locations of the water flow capture device 2750 are also contemplated, such as an outlet 2756 from the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B, and/or an outlet 2754 from the water tube 2752.

The power generation system 2714 has many of the components previously discussed, and thus, these components will not be discussed in great detail. In some cases, the power generation system 2714 may have the same configuration as the power generation system 2600 described previously. However, it is also contemplated that only a single water turbine 18B having a single rotor may be used with the power generation system 2714 and the water flow capture device 2750. This may reduce or otherwise alter the number of shafts, the number of power split couplings, the number of gears of the gearbox, and the number of flywheels used by the power generation system 2714 as compared to the power generation system 2600.

FIG. 18 shows estuary 2710 as previously described during high tides. Gate 2719 of estuary 2710 may be opened to allow tidal flow into estuary 2710. Gate 2719A of water flow capture device 2750 may be opened or closed as desired. Similarly, the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or the gates of the dam/reservoir 2715B may be opened or closed as desired.

FIG. 19 illustrates that during low tides (or indeed during low tides or after full high tides), the gate 2719 of estuary 2710 may be selectively closed to capture and store water within estuary 2710.

As shown in fig. 20, during low and/or small tides, water trapped in estuary 2710 may be released in a controlled manner. For example, the captured tidal water may be released to the water flow capture device 2750 to rotate the hydro turbine 18B. For example, the flow of tidal water to the water flow capture device 2750 may be selectively controlled with a gate/door 2719A (fig. 18). For example, during periods of low tide, water may be released from the estuary 2710 to the water flow capture device 2750 or another water flow capture device, or the hydro turbine 18B (e.g., at the outlet of the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B and/or water pipe 2752). During small tides, approximately half of the volume of estuary 2710 may be fed to and through water flow capture device 2750. The new small tides may supplement or maintain the water level within the estuary 2710 so that tidal flow to and through the water flow capture device 2750 may continue. As previously discussed, the flow of water to/from estuary 2710 may be controlled by the grid host as needed to achieve power generation during peak electricity usage. The power storage and regeneration discussed herein is also considered to supplement/save power for use when needed.

FIG. 21 shows a system 2800 of several estuaries 2710 previously described as being arranged or connected together. The outer wall 2802 may be used to join estuaries 2710 together so that the incoming tidal stream is collected into the corresponding estuary 2710. The system 2800 with outer wall 2802 may capture additional incoming tidal flow. A safety gate 2804 may be provided in the outer wall 2802 as needed to allow water flow to bypass in the event of a hurricane, cyclone or other extreme weather event, which could otherwise create a storm surge that could damage the outer wall 2802 and/or the estuary 2710. Fig. 21 additionally shows a door/gate 2758 on the water tube 2752 within the estuary 2710, which can be selectively opened and closed as desired.

Fig. 22 illustrates a process of filling and emptying one of the dams/reservoirs 2715A and/or 2715B of the estuary 2710 (fig. 17A to 21). A similar process using a bucket was previously described with respect to fig. 4 of the present application. However, fig. 22 provides additional details regarding timing, etc. The dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B have barrels that can be selectively raised and lowered within the reservoir to vary the level of water within the reservoir with displacement and water held by the barrels.

As shown in fig. 22, a tub 2900 may be placed on the hydraulic actuator 2902. The hydraulic actuator 2902 may be operated by pressure from an accumulator (see fig. 15A-17C) or other pressure vessel. During periods of low tide, the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B may be emptied (see step (1) to the left of the observer). During high tides (where estuary 2710 is full or full), dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B and barrel 2900 may be filled as shown in step (2). As previously described, water flowing from dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B may rotate water turbine 18B. The buoyancy of the barrel 2900 and the hydraulic actuator 2902 may raise the barrel 2900 to the step 3 position. As the tide decreases (as shown in step 3), the water level in the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B decreases. However, by hydraulically selectively raising and/or lowering barrel 2900 with hydraulic actuator 2902, the water level within dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B may be selectively shifted higher or lower in order to maintain a desired flow rate of water turbine 18C. Water captured by the barrel 2900 during high tides may also be selectively emptied into the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B to change the water level therein as desired. Once the bucket 2900 is emptied, the bucket may be lowered to again raise the water level within the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B by allowing for a higher flow rate of displacement to the hydro turbine 18C, as shown in step (4).

Fig. 23 shows an alternative process of filling and emptying one of the dams/reservoirs 2715A and/or 2715B of the estuary 2710 (fig. 17A to 21). The process of fig. 23 differs from the process of fig. 22 in that hydraulic actuator 2902 does not need to raise full tub 2900. Instead, the barrel 2900 may be filled during high tides with the actuator 2902 in an extended position. As the tide decreases as the water level within the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or 2715B decreases, the barrel 2900 may selectively decrease into the volume of the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or 2715B to displace the water level higher. Eventually, the water within the tub 2900 may be re-emptied to increase the water level of the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B. The empty bucket may be free floating or remain coupled to the hydraulic actuator 2902 near the top of the water level within the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or the dam/reservoir 2715B, and may eventually return to a lowered position, with the hydraulic actuator 2902 in a lowered state, as shown to the far right for the observer. The empty bucket 2900 is then ready to be lifted again to the raised/extended position by the hydraulic actuator 2902 for high tidal filling, as shown in the image to the left of the observer.

Fig. 22 and 23 illustrate that the dam/reservoir 2715A and/or dam/reservoir 2715B may be controlled to begin the process of draining water, generating electricity as the water descends, so that the power output to and from the water turbine 18B is semi-stable. When the water level drops and the water flow slows down, the process may begin to lower the tub 2900 and/or empty the water from the tub 2900, so that the height of the water, and thus the power, remains increased, although the volume has dropped.

Fig. 24A-24C illustrate a manually modified or created estuary 3010 having a similar configuration to the estuary 10 and estuary 2710 described in fig. 1 and 17A-17C, but modified. The main modification is the addition of additional dams/reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA and/or dams/reservoirs 3015B, 3015BB, which will be discussed further herein. However, additional modifications are also contemplated, such as adding multiple water tubes 3052.

The estuary 3010 may have a wall 3012 forming a bank having an exemplary shape, as previously shown with respect to the wall 2712 of fig. 17A-17C. This shape causes the incoming tidal flow to pool and amplify along the flow channel 3013 to the dam/reservoir 3015A, the dam/reservoir 3015AA, the dam/reservoir 3015B, the dam/reservoir 3015BB and/or the water flow capture device 2750. Fig. 24A-24C illustrate that the wall 3012 can be made of a variety of materials, such as, for example, rock and steel. Wind turbine 18A may be mounted to various portions of the estuary, such as wall 3012, dam/reservoir 3015A, dam/reservoir 3015B, and so forth.

In fig. 24A-24C, the modified estuary 3010 includes a power generation system 3014 in communication with a power generation system such as a power grid, generator, battery station, accumulator, hydrogen production facility, or the like. The power generation system 3014 may include components similar to the systems 14, 2600, 2700 described previously. Furthermore, in addition to (or in lieu of) the water flow capture device 2750, the power generation system 3014 may include a water turbine powered by flow from the water pipe 3052, the dam/reservoir 3015A, the dam/reservoir 3015AA, the dam/reservoir 3015B, and/or the dam/reservoir 3015 BB.

The components of the power generation system 3014 will not be discussed in great detail, but may include multiple flywheels similar to the system 2600 of fig. 15A-16D. The power generation system 3014 may include, for example, a water turbine, a water flow capture device 2750, a shaft, a power split coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, and a generator.

The dam/reservoir 3015A and the dam/reservoir 3015AA may selectively communicate with each other via the passageway 3018A. The dam/reservoir 3015B and the dam/reservoir 3015BB may selectively communicate with each other via the passageway 3018B. The passageway 3018A may be selectively closed (e.g., by a door) such that each of the dam/reservoir 3015A and the dam/reservoir 3015AA may be individually drained and refilled, including using a bucket in the manner of the dam/reservoir previously discussed herein. The passageway 3018B may be selectively closed (e.g., by a gate or gate as shown) such that each of the dam/reservoir 3015B and the dam/reservoir 3015BB may be individually drained and refilled, including using a bucket in the manner of the dam/reservoir previously discussed herein. This use of additional dams/reservoirs (as compared to the previous designs shown in the previous figures) provides additional opportunities to meter and control power generation by discharging from dams/reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA, 3015B and/or 3015 BB.

Fig. 25 shows a system 3100 for wave power generation. System 3100 can include an assembly 3102 comprising a water wheel 3104, a frame 3106, cylinders 3108 and 3108A, a shaft 3110, a differential 3112, an externally splined shaft 3114, an internally splined shaft 3116, a gear box 3118, a power split coupling 3120, a flywheel 3122, a pump motor 3124, a generator 3126, and an accumulator 3128. The system 3100 can also include a wave guide assembly 3130 that includes a wall 3132, a channel 3133, and a venturi 3134.

The system 3100 AND assembly 3102 may be constructed IN a similar manner to the system AND assembly including the water wheels described IN pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245 entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS," filed by applicant at month 13 of 2022, previously incorporated herein by reference.

The water wheel 3104 may be coupled to the frame 3106 via a cylinder 3108 and may rotate relative to the frame 3106. The cylinders 3108 may be extendable or retractable in a telescoping fashion to adjust the position of the water wheels 3104 to meet the height of the waves. The cylinder 3108 may be height adjustable by a controller in communication with one or more buoy mounted sensors, as discussed in applicant's pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245. When rotated by wave action striking the paddles of the waterwheel 3104, the shaft 3110 may be coupled to the waterwheel 3104 and may be rotated by the waterwheel 3104. Shaft 3110 may be coupled to differential 3112. Differential 3112 and other components (e.g., shaft 3110, externally splined shaft 3114, internally splined shaft 3116, gearbox 3118, power split coupling 3120, flywheel 3122, pump motor 3124, etc.) may be supported on a cylinder 3108A that may be raised and lowered relative to the sea floor or other structure according to wave action, tides, etc. Differential 3112 may be, for example, a 90 degree differential and may be coupled to, for example, externally splined shaft 3114 or another shaft or component. Externally splined shaft 3114 may be connected to internally splined shaft 3116. The internally splined shaft 3116 may be coupled to a gearbox 3118. A shaft or other coupling may connect power split coupling 3120 with gearbox 3118. Shafts (some not explicitly shown) may connect flywheel 3122, pump motor 3124, generator 3126, and accumulator 3128 with power split coupling 3120.

The assembly 3102 may or may not be used in conjunction with a wave guide assembly 3130. The assembly 3102 need not be positioned adjacent a wall or other obstruction to capture the rebound wave action, as previously described herein. If used, the walls 3132 of the wave guide assembly 3130 may be shaped to concentrate the wave action and funnel the waves into the venturi 3134. The outlet from venturi 3134 may be located on the ocean side of assembly 3102 near it. The venturi 3134 may be shaped to provide a roof to limit the wave height traveling to the waterwheel 3104, for example.

Fig. 26A and 26B illustrate a system 3200 that includes two or more of the estuaries 3010 previously described with respect to fig. 24A-24C, and a power generation system 3014 in combination with the system 3100 for wave power generation of fig. 25.

26A and 26B illustrate that the system 3200 can include a bottom 3228 configured as a land or ramp 3202 configured to raise tidal and/or wave heights in an externally open estuary 3210 or passage to the selectively closeable estuary 3010 and along or to the selectively closeable estuary 3010. While estuary 3010 has a gate to retain tidal water within estuary 3010, estuary 3210 is open to the ocean and does not retain tidal flow. Conversely, estuary 3210 is configured to amplify tides and/or waves entering the system 3200 (particularly estuary 3010).

The system 3200 may include features that capture tidal water during top level tides (king tide). The top level tide may be a tide higher than normal, typically occurring during a crescent or full month and when the moon is near the ground, or during a particular season (such as spring). To this end, ramp 3202 may be configured to rise during such an event. This may raise the height of water entering estuary 3010 during such an event so that an increased volume of water or water may be captured when the gate of estuary 3010 is closed. Furthermore, the dam/reservoir 3015A, the dam/reservoir 3015AA, the dam/reservoir 3015B, and the dam/reservoir 3015BB may all open to the main flow path during such an event to capture tidal flow. Thus, during such a top level tidal event, the dam/reservoir 3015A may be opened to communicate with the dam/reservoir 3015AA, and/or the dam/reservoir 3015B may be opened to communicate with the dam/reservoir 3015 BB. Once filled to the desired level during the top level tidal event, the dam/reservoir 3015A may be closed from the dam/reservoir 3015AA to capture additional tidal water, and the dam/reservoir 3015AA and/or the dam/reservoir 3015B may be closed from the dam/reservoir 3015BB to capture additional tidal water. This additional tidal water is maintained by the dams/reservoirs 3015A, 3015AA, 3015B, 3015BB for additional power generation at the time desired by the grid host. Although estuaries 3010 are depicted as including four dams/reservoirs for each estuary 3010, the present application contemplates that more or less than four dams/reservoirs may be used per estuary 3010 in the spirit of the present example.

Fig. 27 shows a system 3300 that includes artificial dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D. Dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, 3315D may be formed of placed rock such as tailings or other materials (concrete, steel, etc.). The system 3300 utilizes naturally occurring or partially artificially created land formations 3302 (such as islands) to form additional boundaries of estuaries 3310. At least the dam 3315A forming the entrance of the estuary 3310 has a wall 3332 forming a tidal guiding assembly 3330 which can be shaped to concentrate the tidal action and collect the tides into the estuary 3310. This pooling, together with the dams 315B, 3315C, and 3315D, may significantly raise the tidal level within the estuary 3310 (e.g., by an additional height of 10 meters to 20 meters than would otherwise occur). Each of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, 3315D, or some of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, 3315D may have an associated shutter (only one shutter 3304A is shown in fig. 27) and a passage 3305A that may be selectively opened and closed to allow water to enter/exit along the passage 3305A. The gate 3304A (and additional gates not shown) and dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, 3315D may maintain tidal water within the estuary 3310 at a water level/height as desired. Further, each of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, or some of the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, may have an associated power generation system 3314 that may be located within or near the dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C, and 3315D, such as within or near a gate or a channel. The power generation system 3314 may include at least a water turbine and a shafting, and may additionally optionally include other components such as a flywheel and other components similar to the system 2600 of fig. 15A-16D. For example, the power generation system 3314 may include a water flow capture device, a shaft, a power split coupling, a first flywheel, a second flywheel, a pump motor, an accumulator, a generator, and the like in addition to the hydro turbine.

FIG. 28 shows the tidal estuary 10A previously shown in FIG. 9, now modified manually with dams 3315A, 3315B, 3315C and 3315D including gates 3304B and 3304C associated with dams 3315B and 3315C. As shown in fig. 28, 3315B and 3315C and gates 3304B and 3304D may regulate the flow of tidal water into and out of the additional estuaries/reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA through the channels. For example, the flow from estuary 10A to estuary/reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA may be controlled using the apparatus and systems for generating electricity discussed herein. The estuaries/reservoirs 10AA and 10AAA may be used to store additional water which may then be reused in the effluent stream for power generation when such power generation is desired. Thus, once the tidal level of estuary 10A is sufficiently lowered relative to estuary/reservoir 10AA and/or 10AAA, gates 3304B and/or 3304D may be opened and water may flow along the passageway from estuary/reservoir 10AA and/or 10AAA back to estuary 10A. This flow may cause the hydro turbine to rotate and generate power that is captured by the power generation system 3314. In this manner, the inflow and outflow streams from the partially artificial and partially naturally occurring estuaries/reservoirs 10A, 10AA and 10AA may be used to generate electricity.

Fig. 29 shows an example of wave impact and rebound action off an obstacle 3402, particularly a land-formed or naturally-formed cliff 3402A. Obstacle 3402 may be another feature, such as a breakwater, a rock headland, an island, or other man-made or man-made modified feature. The obstruction 3402 may also be shaped (e.g., shaped to have more vertical surfaces, inclined surfaces, such as concave surfaces, etc.). Energy, such as wave action toward cliff 3402A and rebound or return wave action back from cliff 3402A, may be collected by wave-powered generator 3404 located near cliff 3402A. For example, the wave generator 3404 may be coupled to a structure on the sea floor, or may be a land-anchor device. The wave generator 3404 may have a water wheel 3404A structure as discussed with reference to additional figures herein. However, other designs of fluid-dynamic turbines known in the art may also be used to capture wave energy in the manner discussed herein.

Fig. 30 shows an artificially modified or artificially created channel 3410 having walls 3412 including a wave wall 3412A having an exemplary shape that funnels incoming waves along the channel 3410 and amplifies them to the wave wall 3412A. The channel 3410 may be located partially onshore, offshore (such as on a tidal land frame), adjacent a coastline (formed by continents, islands, reefs, etc.), or another suitable location. Tidal land frames have proven to raise wave heights around the world and will be a suitable location for the channel 10. The shape of channel 3410 and wall 3412 shown is exemplary and contemplated to be modified. Furthermore, as shown in fig. 30, in some embodiments, wall 3412 (other than barrier 3402 such as cliff 3402A of fig. 29) may not be necessary. As shown in fig. 30, walls 3412 may be convex, angled, or otherwise shaped to narrow toward each other to limit channel 3410 to wave wall 3412A. The shape may be different from that illustrated. According to some examples, portions of wall 3412 may or may not be modified by human activity. Indeed, in some examples, the entire wall 3412 may be created by human activity. Thus, wall 3412 may be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, or the like. In some cases, portions or all of the wall 12 may not be remodeled by human activity. Thus, for example, the channels 3410 may be formed of natural materials (e.g., sand, rock, etc.) gathered from the seafloor or other locations, or may have other man-made or man-made materials. In fig. 30, wall 3412 has a region of reduced cross section leading to wave wall 3412A for better amplification of wave height. It is contemplated that the bottom 3413 of the channel 3410 may be elevated relative to the surrounding ocean to better amplify the wave height.

The retrofitted channel 3410 includes a wave power system 3414 in communication with an electrical power system (such as an electrical grid, battery station, accumulator, hydrogen production facility, etc.). The wave power system 14 may include one or more turbines 18 including a water wheel 4A, one or more power splitting couplers, and the like.

Fig. 30 shows walls, cliffs, dams, islands, gates, breakwaters or other obstructions placed at the ends of channel 3410 to act as breakwalls 3412A. As further discussed herein, the wave wall 3412A may be artificial or artificially modified to have a particular desired shape. In some examples, the bulkhead 3412A may be created by human activity. Thus, the swash wall 12A may be formed of concrete, steel, wood, stone, brick, rock, piled sand, or the like. In some cases, portions or all of the wave wall 3412A may not be modified by human activity. The wave wall 3412A may be configured to form a wave-facing wall for the channel 3410 facing the ocean. Since the bulkhead 3412A is a marine facing wall 3412, the bulkhead 3412A may be affected by wave action, storms, tides, and other forces such that portions of the wall 3412 may not be as such. Together, walls 3412, including surge wall 12A, may partially surround channel 3410. In some cases, channel 3410 may include one or more exit flow channels (not specifically shown). An exit flow channel may be provided between wall 3412 and wave wall 3412A as an outlet for channel 3410. Such exit flow channels may also be provided as tunnels or other features through wall 12, including wave wall 3412A.

As shown in fig. 30, the shape of the wave wall 3412A may have a substantially flat, concave, convex, or other shape facing the channel 10. However, other shapes of the wave wall 3412A are contemplated. The outside of the wave wall 3412A may have a raised and vertical or nearly vertical face (e.g., similar to a cliff). The wave wall 3412A may be configured to create a return flow as a result of the return wave action (see fig. 29) that may interact with and power the power system 3414 via a water wheel 3404A placed near the wave wall 3412A (in the range of 200 feet to 1 foot or less).

According to the example of fig. 30, the channel 3410 may be shaped with at least one section configured as a venturi. Alternatively or additionally, the water wheels 3404A may be part of an apparatus shaped to form a venturi. This shape of the channel 10 may facilitate an amplified speed of tidal flow.

It should be appreciated that the dimensions (e.g., volume and diameter) of channel 3410 are purely exemplary in fig. 30. Careful investigation should be conducted to properly size the channel 3410 (e.g., provide a proper cross-sectional area and volume) relative to the wave characteristics of the flow (velocity, height, volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate) so that the inertia of the water traveling along and/or through the channel 3410 may be maintained or not significantly reduced before traveling to the waterwheel 3404A.

For example, one or more turbines 3418 including the waterwheel 3404A may be configured in the manner described in subsequent figures or as known in the art. As known in the art, one or more turbines 3418 may include blades for capturing water loads. Likewise, the wave power system 3414 may be configured in the manner described in subsequent figures, and may include a hydraulic power system as will be discussed in additional detail later. In some cases, the wave power system 3414 may include other power generation sources, including hydraulic power generation in parallel or in series with the water wheels 3404A. This may include wind turbines, other fluid power turbines, and other power generation sources. However, such supplemental power generation sources are not required and are optional.

Fig. 31A and 31B show an example of a water wheel 3404A configured with a hub 3502 (fig. 31B), a plurality of blades 3504, and an output shaft 3506. The hub 3502 is coupled to a plurality of blades 3504. Hub 3502 and plurality of blades 104 are rotatable on output shaft 106. The plurality of blades 3504 are configured to be engaged by the water flow, for example, due to a wave breaking action. The wave breaking action may include an entry wave breaking action, and a return wave action caused by waves striking the obstacle 2 (e.g., cliff 3402A of fig. 29, broken wall 3412A of fig. 30, etc.) and rebound. One or more of the plurality of blades 3504 may be engaged by the water flow to rotate the hub 3502 and the output shaft 3506. The output shaft 3506 may be a drive shaft of a wave power system. It should be noted that the plurality of vanes 3504 of the water wheel 3404A, and other components including the output shaft 3506, are configured for rotational operation in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Thus, the waterwheel 3404A is configured for both rotational and counter-rotational operation. As an example, an incoming wave will engage one or more of the plurality of blades 3504 and rotate the hub 3502 and the output shaft 3506 in a first clockwise direction. The return wave stream (fig. 29 and 30) from the waves rebounded back from the obstruction 3402 may engage one or more of the plurality of blades 3504 and rotate the hub 3502 and the output shaft 3506 in a second counter-clockwise direction.

The waterwheel 3404A may be configured to generate torque from waves. In particular, the plurality of blades 3504 are configured to generate a first rotor torque and rotate the hub 3502 in a first direction in response to a first load applied by a water flow from a first one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades 3504 in the first direction (e.g., in the wave entry direction in fig. 33), and the plurality of blades are configured to generate a second rotor torque and rotate the hub 3502 in an opposite direction in response to a second load applied by a water flow in a second direction (e.g., the wave exit direction in fig. 33) from a second one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades 3504.

As shown in fig. 31A and 31B, each of the plurality of vanes 3504 has substantially the same geometry along each of its two major surfaces 3505A and 3505B so as to be engageable by water flow in the first and second directions. Each of the plurality of vanes 3504 is substantially flat along the extent of each of the two major surfaces 3505A and 3505B. The waterwheel is configured to be coupled with one or more anchors (see fig. 33) configured to positionally adjustably secure the waterwheel.

Fig. 32 illustrates another wave power apparatus 3602 that may include a water wheel 3604 that is similar in structure to the water wheel 3404A described previously. The apparatus 3602 may include a housing or other feature constructed in a similar manner to the apparatus described in applicant's U.S. application Ser. No. 17/860,842, entitled "RIVER VENTURI POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD", which was previously incorporated by reference, but may include a waterwheel 3604. For example, the operation of device 3602 as part of various power systems will be discussed with reference to subsequent fig. 33 and fig. 34A and 34B.

Fig. 33 illustrates the waterwheel 3404A of fig. 29-31B implemented as part of a wave power system 3702. However, such a wave power system 3702 may alternatively or additionally include the apparatus 3602 of fig. 32. The wave power system 3702 may include a water wheel 3404A, an output shaft 3506, one or more anchors 3708, a universal joint 3710, a gearbox 3712, a power split drive coupling 3714, one or more flywheels 3715, a power source 3716 (e.g., an electrical generator), at least one hydraulic pump motor 3718, one or more sensors 3720. The waterwheel 3404A may generate torque in response to wave loads (in and out of the back flow from the obstacle 3402) and transfer the torque to the rest of the wave power system 3702. The waterwheel 3404A may transfer torque generated by a plurality of blades (3504 in fig. 31A and 31B) to a power source 3716 (e.g., a generator, an accumulator, etc.) via an output shaft 3506.

One or more anchors 3708 may be secured to the sea floor, barrier 3402, the bottom of the channel (if utilized), and/or other features. One or more anchors 3408 may be position adjustable (such as by extension and retraction) to change the position of the waterwheel 3404A. Such a change in the position or location of the water wheels 3404A may be based on one or more criteria. The location may be the height of the waterwheel 3404A from the bottom (e.g., ocean, channel, etc.), from the surface of the water, and/or relative to the obstacle 3402. The criteria may include: the measured trough and/or peak of the incoming wave, the wave height, the wave speed, the wave frequency, the measured trough and/or peak of the return wave action, the measured splash height due to contact with the obstacle 3402, the current or future tidal conditions, the current or a combination thereof. One or more sensors 3720 may be disposed on a floating electronic buoy 3722A that is positioned adjacent to or remote from the waterwheel 3404A (e.g., adjacent to the ocean side and/or relatively closer to the obstacle 3402 than the waterwheel). The placement of the one or more sensors 320 may be selected to provide a distance from the waterwheel 3404A and may allow for time for height and/or other positional adjustments to be coordinated with one or more criteria for maximum energy capture by the waterwheel 3404A.

The sensor 3720 may measure and provide data for one or more of the criteria discussed above. The one or more criteria may be used to control the one or more anchors 3708 to adjust the position of the water wheels 3404A. The one or more criteria may include data regarding wave motion toward and away from obstacle 2, data regarding wave motion toward obstacle 3402 only, data regarding wave motion away from obstacle 3402 only, or data regarding any one or combination of one or more of the criteria discussed previously.

One or more anchors 3708 can be positionally adjusted by hydraulic power generated by the wave power system 3702. Thus, accumulators charged by the system 3702, or dedicated accumulators, hydraulic cylinders, and/or winch motors, may be used to facilitate position adjustment of the water wheels 3404A, for example.

The generator may generate electrical power in response to applying torque to the generator rotor, the applying causing the generator rotor to rotate within a stator of the generator. The water wheels 3404A may be coupled to a power source 3716 by one or more links (including an output shaft 3506 and a universal joint 3710). The rotating hydro-wheel energy is transferred along an output shaft 3506 that serves as a drive shaft for the wave power system 3702. The output shaft 3506 directs power to the gearbox 3712 through a universal joint 3710 (e.g., a 90 degree universal joint). Gearbox 3712 may be a multi-gear drive gearbox with right-hand and left-hand reversing gears to unify the direction of rotation of output shaft 3506 (recall that waterwheel 3404A may in some cases rotate back and forth due to the action of incoming and outgoing (return) waves). The gear mechanism of the gearbox 3712 may be selected to meet the direction of the waves, the power of the rotating waterwheel, and the speed of rotation. The gearbox 3712 and power split drive coupler 3714 may be operably coupled via one or more links (e.g., shafts and/or other components) between the water wheels 3404A and the generator.

As discussed above, gearbox 3712 may include an input coupling and an output coupling attached to output shaft 3506 via universal joint 3710. Gearbox 3712 may include a step-up gear mechanism 3712A and may include one or more reversing gears 3712B (see discussion above). Gearbox 3712 may be configured to rotate the output link at a desired speed. In other words, the gearbox 3712 may rotate the output link at a faster, slower or equal speed as compared to the output shaft 3506. One or more links of the wave power system 3702 can also include an input shaft of the power split transmission coupler 3714 (as previously shown in fig. 11-15 and described herein). The power split transmission coupler 3714 may be configured to drive one or more flywheels 3715. The power split transmission coupler 3714 and/or the hydraulic pump motor 3718 may transfer hydraulic fluid to a storage vessel (such as the accumulator 3724) at high pressure. For example, the system may include a plurality of accumulators 3724. The hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure may be used for auxiliary power purposes including, but not limited to, supplying high pressure hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic pump motor 3718 for power generation or regeneration, pumping fluid, adjusting the position of the water wheels 3404A, and the like.

The hydraulic pump motor 3718 may also be coupled to the generator rotor for providing increased torque and power to the generator (an example of a power source 3716). The system 3703 can include any combination or arrangement of hydraulic pump motor 3718, power split transmission coupler 3714, and/or flywheel 3715. It is therefore not limited to the arrangement or number of such components illustrated. For example, multiple hydraulic pump motors 3718 may be more efficient than a single larger hydraulic pump motor and may be used to provide variable displacement. For example, in the event that the maximum power output of the hydraulic pump motor 3718 may exceed the maximum power of the generator, the hydraulic pump motor 3718 may be destroked to operate below maximum capacity. Some hydraulic pump motors 3718 operate less efficiently on the destroke. The greater the extent of destroking, the less efficient the hydraulic pump motor 3718 can operate. In an example, the hydraulic pump motor 3718 can include a similar design as the power split transmission coupler 3714 (shown in fig. 11-15 and described herein). In some cases, the system described in the present disclosure may use torque conversion devices instead of the described power split transmission coupling. Such alternative devices include, for example, motors, torque converters, pumps, and the like. Instead of diverting hydraulic fluid to reduce torque transferred to the generator, the hydraulic pump motor 3718 may generate torque on the generator rotor in response to applying high pressure hydraulic fluid to the hub and blades of the hydraulic pump motor 3718.

When the mechanical power of the waterwheel 3404A exceeds the maximum power of the generator, the power split drive coupling 3714 may draw hydraulic fluid from the reservoir into the power split drive coupling 3714 and transfer the hydraulic fluid at high pressure to a hydraulic storage vessel (e.g., one or more accumulators 3724) for later regeneration use, such as to adjust the position of the waterwheel 3404A, and the like. Power split transmission coupler 3714 may include an inlet port and an outlet port. The inlet port may be coupled to the reservoir to communicate hydraulic fluid from the reservoir to the power split transmission coupler 3714. The hydraulic storage conduit may couple the power split transmission coupler 3714 to the hydraulic storage vessel. The high pressure hydraulic fluid may be stored in a storage vessel at high pressure. For example, the high pressure hydraulic fluid may be hydraulic fluid at a pressure including, but not limited to, 20bar, 100bar, 300bar, 500bar, or other pressure. The hydraulic storage conduit may include at least one shut-off valve positioned along the hydraulic storage conduit between the power split transmission coupler 3714 and the hydraulic storage vessel. Communication of hydraulic fluid from power split transmission coupler 3714 to the hydraulic storage reservoir may be interrupted or stopped when the shut-off valve is in the closed position. Closing the shut-off valve may prevent reverse flow of hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic storage reservoir to the power split transmission coupler 3714.

It is contemplated that power split transmission coupler 3714 may be controlled in a variety of ways that facilitate system 3702. For example, the pulsed pressure control of the power split transmission coupling 3714 may be used to match or substantially match the cadence of the incoming torque generated by wave action to stabilize one or more flywheels 3715. For example, pulses may also be used to maintain or alter the inertia of the turbine blades. This pulse may be used to maximize the efficiency and performance of the system 3702. It should be appreciated that while fig. 30-33 illustrate a single waterwheel, these systems may include multiple waterwheels disposed adjacent to or remote from one another. The systems discussed herein may also be used to independently generate electricity such that each system has a single water wheel.

The reservoir used by the system may include a fluid storage tank for holding hydraulic fluid at a low pressure, such as atmospheric pressure. In an example, the reservoir may comprise a large body of water, such as an ocean, lake, tidal estuary, storage compartment, tank, or the like. For example, the large body of water may include a naturally occurring body of water. The reservoir may provide for storing hydraulic fluid at a high pressure generated by the power split transmission coupling 3714. In an example, the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir may be returned to the reservoir without being stored under high pressure.

The hydraulic storage tank may be configured to store high-pressure hydraulic fluid for a long period of time. For example, the hydraulic storage vessel may contain a pressure of up to 350bar for hours, days, weeks or months. In the example of fig. 33, the hydraulic storage reservoir is a hydraulic accumulator 3724. Accumulator 3724 may be filled with a gas or liquid, such as nitrogen or liquid nitrogen, to increase the storage pressure of the accumulator. In an example, the stored hydraulic fluid may provide up to 1 megawatt or more of power.

Fig. 34A and 34B illustrate a wave power generation, storage and regeneration system 3800 according to another example. System 3800 can optionally include wave power device 3602. However, the system 3800 may include a waterwheel 3801 configured in a similar manner to the waterwheel embodiments (waterwheel 3404A, waterwheel 3604, etc.) previously discussed. The water wheels 3801 may be slightly modified as desired. The hydro-wheel 3801 may include a drive shaft 3813A, one or more power split drive couplings 3814A, a gearbox 3816, a first flywheel 3818A, a second flywheel 3818B, one or more pump/motors 3820, one or more accumulators 3822, and one or more generators 3824. Although not specifically shown in fig. 34A and 34B, the system 3800 can also include one or more controllers, as well as one or more sensors (such as an electrical control unit and a tachometer). The controller may be used to operate the system 3800 in the various modes of operation discussed herein.

Referring now to fig. 34A and 34B in combination, the water wheel 3801 may include an outer nacelle or housing (see fig. 32), a hub (see fig. 31A and 31B), and a plurality of blades (see fig. 31A and 31B).

At a system level, the system 3800 and the water wheel 3801 may be configured to engage on one or more of the plurality of blades by wave action. The load of water engaged with one or more of the plurality of blades may cause one or more of the plurality of blades to rotate the hub, as previously discussed. The hub may be coupled to or act as one or more drive shafts 3813A. One or more power split transmission couplings 3814A may be selectively coupled with one or more drive shafts 3813A and may be used in the manner previously discussed. The drive shaft 3813A may extend from one or more power split transmission couplings 3814A and may be coupled with a gearbox 3816. Another drive shaft (or shafts) may extend from the gearbox 3816 and may be coupled with the first flywheel 3818A, the second flywheel 3818B, the one or more generators 3824, and the one or more pump/motors 3820 in a series or parallel arrangement. Hydraulically, one or more power split transmission couplings 3814A may be in selective fluid communication with the gearbox 3816, one or more pump/motors 3820, and one or more accumulators 3822.

The first flywheel 3818A and the second flywheel 3818B may differ in size and inertia. The first flywheel 3818A and the second flywheel 3818B may smoothly transfer power from the shaft to the one or more generators 3824. The inertia of each of the first flywheel 3818A and the second flywheel 3818B opposes and moderates the speed fluctuations of the water wheel 3801 (as a result of the water flow speed variation) and stores excess rotational energy (conserving angular momentum) for intermittent use.

The system 3800 may operate in a power storage mode of operation. This may occur in the case of higher wave heights. In this power storage mode, the water wheels 3801 rotate at a speed that is higher than the desired grid generator speed. The one or more power split transmission couplings 3814A may reduce the corresponding shaft speed to a rotational speed acceptable to the generator and may transfer hydraulic fluid with excess energy as a pump to the one or more accumulators 3822.

The power regeneration mode of operation of system 3800 may occur at low wave heights. In a power regeneration mode of operation, one or more of the accumulators 3822 may be consumed or purged to drive one or more of the pump/motors 3820 to rotate one or more of the generators 3824 at a desired speed.

The system 3800 may use sensors. These sensors may include tachometers, buoy-mounted sensors (see fig. 33) or other types of suitable sensors that may provide the controller with standard sensing related to waves and sensing along the shaft or rotor. For the various modes of operation discussed later, the sensor may be an electronic input to the controller. The controller may be in electrical communication with the plurality of sensors, the one or more valves, and the plurality of actuators. The sensors may sense various aspects of the input and output shafts to the power split transmission coupling, the rotor, or other shafts in the system 3800. These aspects may include a revolution count, rotational speed of the input and/or output shaft or rotor, acceleration of the input and/or output shaft or rotor, and the like. One or more valves may be controlled by a controller using inputs from a plurality of sensors. One or more valves may send pilot signals or other signals to change the mode of operation of the power split transmission coupling. Such modes of operation and pilot signals are discussed herein, in the applicant's prior patents and patent applications incorporated herein by reference. Accordingly, the controller may control the operation of the power split transmission coupling and other components to the various modes of operation discussed herein.

The controller may also control the operation of the water wheels 3801 and the system 3800 to operate in the various modes previously discussed herein. To facilitate such control operations, the plurality of actuators may be electrically controlled by a controller.

Fig. 35 shows a system 3900 for wave power generation. System 3900 can include an assembly 3902 that includes a water wheel 3904, a frame (also referred to herein as an anchor) 3906, cylinders 3908 and 3908A, a shaft 3910, a differential 3912, an externally splined shaft 3914, an internally splined shaft 3916, a gearbox 3918, a power split coupling 3920, a flywheel 3922, a pump motor 3924, a generator 3926, and an accumulator 3928. The system 3900 may also include a wave guide assembly 3930 that includes a wall 3932, a channel 3933, and a venturi 3934.

The system 3900 AND assembly 3902 may be constructed IN a similar manner to systems AND assemblies including water wheels, which are described IN U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245 filed previously by the applicant, filed on 13-12-2022, entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS", AND the system 3900 AND assembly 3902 may be used with the estuary described IN U.S. patent application No. 63/423,193, entitled "POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING tis, WAVES AND/OR WIND", filed on 7-11-2022, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The water wheels 3904 may be coupled to the frame/anchor 3906 via cylinders 3908 and may rotate relative to the frame/anchor 3906. The cylinders 3908 may be extendable or retractable in a telescoping fashion to adjust the position of the water wheels 3904 to meet the height of the waves. The cylinders 3908 may be height adjustable by a controller in communication with one or more buoy mounted sensors, as discussed in applicant's pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245. When rotated by wave action striking the paddles of the water wheel 3904, the shaft 3910 may be coupled to the water wheel 3904 and may be rotated by the water wheel 3104. The shaft 3910 may be coupled with a differential 3912. Differential 3912 and other components (e.g., shaft 3910, externally splined shaft 3914, internally splined shaft 3916, gearbox 3918, power split coupling 3920, flywheel 3922, pump motor 3924, etc.) may be supported on a cylinder 3908A that may be raised and lowered relative to the sea floor or another structure according to wave action, tide, etc. Differential 3912 may be, for example, a 90 degree differential and may be coupled to, for example, externally splined shaft 3914 or another shaft or component. The male spline shaft 3914 may be connected to the female spline shaft 3916. The internal spline shaft 3916 may be coupled with a gear box 3918. A shaft or other coupling may connect the power split coupling 3920 with the gearbox 3918. Shafts (some not explicitly shown) may connect flywheel 3922, pump motor 3924, generator 3926, and accumulator 3928 with power split coupling 3920.

Assembly 3902 may or may not be used in conjunction with wave guide assembly 3930. Assembly 3902 need not be positioned adjacent a wall or other obstruction to capture the rebound wave action, as previously described herein. If used, the walls 3932 of the wave guide assembly 3930 can be shaped to at least partially form the channel 3933 and raise the wave height and funnel the waves into the venturi 3934. The outlet from venturi 3934 may be located near the ocean side of assembly 3902. The venturi 3934 may be shaped to provide a roof to limit the wave height that travels to the waterwheel 3904, for example.

Fig. 36 shows a system 4000 similar to the system of fig. 35 for wave power generation, but including a wave capture device 3901 having a housing 3901A as part of the assembly 3902 described previously. Thus, system 4000 may include an assembly 3902 that includes two or more water wheels 3904A and 3904B, a frame (also referred to herein as anchors) 3906, cylinders 3908 and 3908A, a shaft 3910, a differential 3912, an externally splined shaft 3914, an internally splined shaft 3916, a gearbox 3918, a power split coupling 3920, a flywheel 3922, a pump motor 3924, a generator 3926, and an accumulator 3928. The system 4000 may also include a wave guide assembly 3930 that includes a wall 3932 and a channel 3933.

System 4000 AND component 3902 may be constructed IN a similar manner to systems AND components including water wheels, which are described IN U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245 filed previously by the applicant, filed on day 13 of 12 IN 2022, entitled "IN-AND-OUT WAVE CAPTURE APPARATUS SYSTEM AND PROCESS", AND system 4000 AND component 3902 may be used with the estuary described IN U.S. patent application Ser. No. 63/423,193 filed on day 7 of 11 IN 2022, entitled "POWER AMPLIFICATION, STORAGE AND REGENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD use TIDES, WAVES AND/OR WIND", each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The wave capture device 3901 with housing 3901A may be shaped with an inlet to capture the converging waves to a section of reduced cross-section (or venturi section) where the water wheels 3904A and 3904B are located. The water wheels 3904A and 3904B may be coaxially connected together in series. However, other examples contemplate that wheels 3904A and 3904B may be coupled to different shafts from each other. Further, wheels 3904A and 3904B may have similar or different sizes and shapes relative to each other. The different sizes and shapes of the water wheels 3904A relative to the water wheels 3904B may be adapted to capture wave energy under different wave conditions. According to some examples similar to the examples previously described in fig. 35, the water wheels 3904A and 3904B may be used without the wave capture device 3901 and the housing 3901A.

Wheels 3904A and 3904B may be coupled to frame/anchor 3906 via cylinders 3908 (fig. 36A) and may rotate relative to frame/anchor 3906. The cylinders 3908 (fig. 36A) may be extendable or retractable in a telescoping manner to adjust the position of the wave capture device 3901, including the water wheels 3904A and 3904B, to meet the height of the waves. The cylinders 3908 may be height adjustable by a controller in communication with the wall mounted sensors 3909 and/or one or more buoy mounted sensors, as discussed in applicant's pending U.S. provisional patent application No. 63/432,245. When rotated by wave action striking the paddles of the water wheel 3904, the shaft 3910 may be coupled to and may be rotated by the wheels 3904A and 3904B. The shaft 3910 may be coupled with a differential 3912. Differential 3912 and other components (e.g., shaft 3910, externally splined shaft 3914, internally splined shaft 3916, gearbox 3918, power split coupling 3920, flywheel 3922, pump motor 3924, etc.) may be supported on a cylinder 3908A that may be raised and lowered relative to the sea floor or other structure in accordance with wave action, tides, etc. Differential 3912 may be, for example, a 90 degree differential and may be coupled to, for example, externally splined shaft 3914 or another shaft or component. The male spline shaft 3914 may be connected to the female spline shaft 3916. The internal spline shaft 3916 may be coupled with a gear box 3918. A shaft or other coupling may connect the power split coupling 3920 with the gearbox 3918. Shafts (some not explicitly shown) may connect flywheel 3922, pump motor 3924, generator 3926, and accumulator 3928 with power split coupling 3920.

The system 3200 may or may not be used in conjunction with the wave guide assembly 3930. Assembly 3902 need not be positioned adjacent a wall or other obstruction to capture the rebound wave action, as previously described herein. If used, the walls 3932 of the wave guide assembly 3930 can be shaped to at least partially form the channels 3933 and raise the wave height and collect the waves into the wave capture device 3901. For example, the wave capture device 3901 may be shaped to provide a roof to limit the wave height traveling to the waterwheel 3904, for example. For example, the wave capture device 3901 may be height adjustable relative to the bottom to have an appropriate height to receive incoming waves. Various sizes for the wave capture device 3901 are contemplated depending on the sea conditions, the size of the wave guide device 3930, etc. For the length of each of wheels 3904A and 3904B, a dimension of 5 meters to 7 meters is considered. Other lengths of wheels 3904A and 3904B are contemplated.

Fig. 36A shows a cross section of a wave capture device 3901 having a housing 3901A and a cylinder 3908 as previously described. Water wheels 3904A are also shown. The housing 3901A forms a chute at the inlet to funnel wave action into the venturi section 3901B where the water wheel 3904A is located.

Fig. 36B shows another cross section of a wave and a housing 3901A that includes a flow splitter 3936 between wheels 3904A and 3904B, the flow splitter 3936 dividing the wave flow into two separate parallel chutes 3938A and 3938B of a venturi section 3901B, the wheels 3904A and 3904B being located in two separate parallel chutes 3938A and 3938B of the venturi section 3901B, respectively. As previously discussed, it is contemplated that the size, shape, and/or position of wheels 3904A and 3904B may be different relative to one another to provide more efficient energy extraction from wave action during different wave conditions. The through shafting and coupling of wheels 3904A and 3904B along the tandem axle is discussed above by way of example only.

Each of these non-limiting examples (referred to as aspects and/or techniques) below may exist independently or may be combined with one or more other examples in various permutations or combinations.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for generating electricity from a water flow formed as a result of tide being received by an estuary formed at least in part by human activity, the system comprising: one or more walls; an obstruction, wherein the one or more walls and the obstruction together at least partially enclose an area to form the estuary; a flow channel configured for flow of water exiting the estuary between the one or more walls and the obstacle; and one or more water turbines located within a flow channel formed between the barrier and the one or more walls, the one or more water turbines each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by a water flow exiting the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more flow channels formed in or near the barrier and configured to receive at least a flow of water into the estuary due to the tide; and one or more second water turbines located within or adjacent to the one or more second flow channels, the one or more second water turbines each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by a flow of water or water into the estuary due to the tide.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner; a hydraulic motor comprising a motor output configured to receive the pressurized stored hydraulic fluid and, in response, generate a torque on the motor output; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electrical power in response to at least one or both of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more wave-powered generators located near or on the marine wall side of the obstacle.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more wind turbines located within or near the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more gates configured to be selectively opened and closed to control the flow of water to and from the estuary.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the one or more gates are part of a dam that at least partially forms the flow channel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the one or more gates are located at one or more of the following locations: an inlet of the flow channel, within the flow channel, near a tunnel or passageway through the obstruction, and/or within a tunnel or passageway through the obstruction.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein one or more hydro turbines located within the flow channel or at least one of the flow channels has a venturi.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one or both of the one or more walls of the estuary and the obstacle are shaped by human activity so as to amplify the flow of water or water resulting from the tide reaching a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the reservoir has at least one gate to regulate the flow of water flow or water, and wherein the level of water within the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by a displacement caused by the tub.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one or both of the one or more walls of the estuary or the obstacle is shaped by human activity in order to amplify the flow of water or water along the flow channel and out of the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the estuary comprises a plurality of estuaries, the plurality of estuaries being at least one of: are joined together, staggered in series, or arranged in parallel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one of the plurality of estuaries has only a single flow channel for the flow of water exiting a corresponding estuary of the plurality of estuaries.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the power split transmission coupling comprises: a cam ring disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft and a hub disposed between the cam ring and the hub, wherein the hub includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes configured to be movable between a retracted position and one or more extended positions therebetween; in the retracted position, the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft; in the one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to operate the hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft; an inlet port communicatively coupled with a source of hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic fluid being capable of being delivered from the source of hydraulic fluid to the power split transmission coupling; and an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration, through which the hydraulic fluid can be released from the power split transmission coupling in response to power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, wherein the released hydraulic fluid exits the power split transmission coupling and is stored in a pressurized manner.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: a compressor configured to compress a gas; and a plurality of pressure vessels, one or more of the plurality of pressure vessels being in selective communication with the compressor, the plurality of pressure vessels comprising at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to a higher gas pressure, at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to a lower gas pressure relative to the higher gas pressure, and at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to an intermediate pressure relative to the higher gas pressure and the lower gas pressure.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to a lower gas pressure includes a piston accumulator having a piston residing therein.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein gas from one of at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to a higher gas pressure and at least one chamber configured to hold gas compressed to an intermediate pressure selectively drives movement of a piston within a piston accumulator.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the piston accumulator is configured to hold the hydraulic fluid on a first side of the piston and configured to hold the gas on a second side of the piston.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the hydraulic motor is selectively in communication with a piston accumulator for storing the hydraulic fluid.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the hydraulic motor is selectively driven by hydraulic fluid stored in a piston accumulator.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for operating one or more hydro turbines for generating power, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of one or more walls or obstructions to create a estuary; positioning the one or more turbines within a channel formed between an obstacle forming portions of the estuary and the one or more walls; receiving a flow of water formed as a result of the tide entering the estuary; retaining water within the estuary; and selectively releasing water as an effluent stream along a channel formed between the one or more walls and the obstruction, wherein the effluent stream rotates a rotor of the one or more turbines.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: adjusting a power split drive coupling to transfer torque from the rotor to a generator by operating hydraulic fluid, wherein the generator converts mechanical power to electrical power; diverting hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power split transmission coupling in response to the power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold value to maintain the power generated by the generator at or below the threshold value; storing hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split transmission coupling in a storage vessel at high pressure; and in response to the generator generating electrical power below a threshold, introducing hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure to the hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor being operably coupled to the generator and configured to transmit mechanical power to the generator for generation of electrical power.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: one or more wave-powered generators are positioned on or near the obstacle.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: one or more wind turbines are positioned within or near the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: one or more gates are provided that are configured to be selectively opened and closed to control water flow to and from the estuary.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein providing one or more gates comprises providing a dam, wherein the one or more gates are part of a dam that at least partially forms the flow channel.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein providing the one or more gates comprises positioning the gates in one or more of the following positions: an inlet of the flow channel, within the flow channel, near a tunnel or passageway through the obstruction, and/or within a tunnel or passageway through the obstruction.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method wherein at least one of the flow channel or one or more hydro turbines located within the flow channel has a venturi.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for generating electricity using water formed due to tides to estuaries, the system comprising: one or more flow channels formed between a wall of the estuary and an obstacle, wherein the one or more flow channels are configured to receive an outflow of water from the estuary; and one or more water turbines located within the one or more flow channels, the one or more water turbines each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an outflow of water from the tidal estuary along the one or more flow channels.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more second channels passing through the obstacle, wherein the one or more second channels are configured to receive an inflow of water to the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more gates that regulate an inflow of water to the estuary and an outflow of water from the estuary.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein at least some of the one or more gates are part of a dam forming at least one of the one or more channels or the one or more second channels.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one of the one or more water turbines, one or more flow channels, or the one or more second channels comprises a venturi.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein at least one or both of the one or more walls of the estuary and the obstacle are shaped by human activity so as to amplify tidal flow to a reservoir in fluid communication with the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the reservoir has at least one gate to regulate the flow of water flow or water, and wherein the water level within the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of water by a bucket.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for generating electricity from a water flow formed as a result of a tide being received by an estuary, the estuary being formed at least in part by human activity, the system comprising: one or more walls; a bottom; one or more gates configured to be selectively opened and closed to control water flow to and from the estuary, wherein the one or more walls, the bottom, and the one or more gates together enclose a volume comprising the estuary to capture water from the tide; at least one of the following: a water flow capture device, a tube or a reservoir configured to receive a water flow exiting the estuary; and one or more water turbines located in at least one of the following positions: within the water flow capture device, at or near the outlet of the pipe, or at or near the outlet of the reservoir, wherein the one or more hydro turbines each have a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by the water flow exiting the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the pipe comprises a plurality of pipes extending through at least a portion of the estuary, wherein each of the plurality of pipes is configured to receive a portion of water formed by the tide by the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the reservoir comprises a plurality of reservoirs that selectively communicate with the estuary to receive water formed due to the tide.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the plurality of reservoirs includes at least two reservoirs that are selectively in communication by opening of a door or gate.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the water level of water within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of the tub.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the barrels are filled during high tides and selectively drained to change the level of water within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: a second estuary selectively communicating with the estuary, the second estuary being open to the ocean and having a manually adapted bottom configured to amplify the level of water formed as a result of the tide being received by the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the manually modified bottom includes a ramp near the gate.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more wave-powered generators located near the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more wind turbines coupled to the one or more walls.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the water flow capture device forms a venturi and the one or more hydro turbines are located within the venturi.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity in order to amplify the water flow or water level and flow resulting from the tide reaching the water flow capture device.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the estuary comprises a plurality of estuaries connected together by walls that form a second estuary that leads to the ocean, wherein the second estuary has a bottom that is artificially modified.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity in order to amplify the level and flow of water or water resulting from the tide reaching the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for operating one or more hydro turbines for generating power, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of a floor or one or more walls to create a estuary; positioning the one or more water turbines near or within the estuary; receiving a flow of water resulting from the ingress of tides into the estuary; retaining water within the estuary; and selectively releasing water from the estuary as an effluent stream, wherein the effluent stream rotates a rotor of the one or more hydro turbines.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, wherein at least one of the one or more water turbines is part of: a water flow capture device, near or at the outlet of a tube extending through the one or more walls, or near or at the outlet of a reservoir in communication with the estuary and receiving water from the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method wherein the level of water within the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by a tub.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method wherein the bucket is filled during high tides and selectively drained to change the level of water within the reservoir.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: a second estuary is formed that selectively communicates with the estuary, the second estuary being open to the ocean and having a manually adapted bottom configured to amplify the level of water formed as a result of the tide being received by the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method wherein the manually modified bottom comprises a ramp.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method further comprising positioning one or more wind turbines within or near the estuary.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method wherein selectively releasing the water includes advancing the water through a venturi to the one or more hydro turbines.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for generating electricity using water formed from tides arriving at a estuary, the system comprising: a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary, wherein the plurality of reservoirs are configured to receive water formed as a result of tides from the estuary; and one or more water turbines located within or near an outlet of one or more of the plurality of reservoirs, the one or more water turbines each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow formed by the tide reaching the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the level of water within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement of a selectively movable barrel.

In some aspects, the described technology relates to a system for generating electricity using water formed from tides reaching a estuary. The system may optionally include a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary and one or more turbines. The plurality of reservoirs may each be formed in part by a manually formed dam and may each be formed in part by a naturally occurring land formation. The plurality of reservoirs may be configured to receive water formed from tides from the estuary. The one or more water turbines may be located within or near gates or channels of one or more of the plurality of reservoirs. The one or more water turbines may each have a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an inflow or outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the estuary is at least partially artificially formed, has one or more artificially formed walls, and is at least partially formed from a naturally occurring land construction.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system in which one or more walls of at least one of the artificially formed dams are shaped by human activity in order to amplify the water level of the water flow formed by the tide reaching the plurality of reservoirs.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a system wherein the one or more anchors are configured to be position adjustable to adjust a position of the paddlewheel relative to at least one of the bottom, the surface of the water, or relative to the obstacle.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more sensors configured to measure one or more criteria related to: the trough and/or peak of the first wave in the wave, the height of the wave, the speed of the wave, the frequency of the wave, the the valleys and/or peaks of a second one of the waves, the height of splatter caused by contact with an obstacle, tidal conditions, flow, or any combination thereof.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the one or more sensors generate data regarding one or more criteria and the data is used to adjust the position of the water wheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: a drive shaft coupled to the water wheel and configured to transmit the first rotor torque and the second rotor torque; a universal joint coupled to the drive shaft; a gear box coupled to the universal joint and including a right-hand reversing gear and a left-hand reversing gear to unify a rotational direction of the driving shaft; a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit the first rotor torque and the second rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner; a hydraulic motor comprising a motor output configured to receive the pressurized stored hydraulic fluid and, in response, generate a torque on the motor output; and a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electrical power in response to at least one or both of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the power split transmission coupling comprises: a cam ring disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft and a hub disposed between the cam ring and the hub, wherein the hub includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots configured to receive a plurality of vanes therein, the plurality of vanes configured to be movable between a retracted position and one or more extended positions therebetween; in the retracted position, the input shaft is independently rotatable relative to the output shaft; in the one or more extended positions, the plurality of vanes are configured to operate the hydraulic fluid at an adjustable torque ratio and transmit torque from the input shaft to the output shaft; an inlet port communicatively coupled with a source of hydraulic fluid, the hydraulic fluid being capable of being delivered from the source of hydraulic fluid to the power split transmission coupling; an outlet port having a closed configuration and an at least partially open configuration, through which the hydraulic fluid can be released from the power split transmission coupling in response to power applied to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power, wherein the released hydraulic fluid exits the power split transmission coupling and is stored in a pressurized manner.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more pressure vessels in selective communication with the power split transmission coupling, the one or more pressure vessels configured to hold gas compressed by the action of the power split transmission coupling.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more flywheels coupled to the power split coupling.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for operating a water wheel to generate electricity from waves, the method comprising: forming at least a portion of an obstacle having one or more walls facing the wave; positioning the water wheel adjacent to the obstacle; rotating the waterwheel in a first direction due to a first one of the waves engaging at least one of the plurality of blades of the waterwheel; and rotating the paddlewheel in an opposite direction as a result of a second one of the waves striking and returning from the obstacle and engaging at least one of the plurality of blades of the paddlewheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: unifying the direction of a drive shaft coupled to the water wheel; adjusting a power split transmission coupling to transfer torque from the drive shaft to a generator by operating hydraulic fluid, wherein the generator converts mechanical power to electrical power; diverting hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power split transmission coupling in response to the power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold value to maintain the power generated by the generator at or below the threshold value; storing hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split transmission coupling in a storage vessel at high pressure; and in response to the generator generating electrical power below a threshold, introducing hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure to the hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor being operably coupled to the generator and configured to transmit mechanical power to the generator for generation of electrical power.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: at least a portion of the obstacle is formed using human activity.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: providing a channel formed at least in part by human activity, wherein the channel is configured to direct the wave to the obstacle, wherein the channel is formed by one or more walls formed at least in part by human activity and oriented at an angle to the obstacle.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: one or more anchors are provided that are coupled to the water wheel and configured to secure the water wheel to one or more of the obstacle, the bottom, or another object.

In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method wherein the one or more anchors are configured to be position adjustable to adjust the position of the paddlewheel relative to at least one of the bottom, the surface of the water, or relative to the obstacle.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: providing one or more sensors configured to measure one or more criteria regarding: the trough and/or peak of the first wave in the wave, the height of the wave, the speed of the wave, the frequency of the wave, the the valleys and/or peaks of a second one of the waves, the height of splatter caused by contact with an obstacle, tidal conditions, flow, or any combination thereof.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: generating data regarding one or more criteria with one or more sensors; and adjusting the position of the water wheel based on the data.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a water wheel configured to generate torque from waves, the water wheel comprising: a hub; and a plurality of blades coupled to the hub, wherein the plurality of blades are configured to generate a first rotor torque and rotate the hub in a first direction in response to a first load applied by a water flow from a first one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades, and the plurality of blades are configured to generate a second rotor torque and rotate the hub in an opposite direction in response to a second load applied by a water flow in a second direction from a second one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a water wheel wherein each of the plurality of vanes has substantially the same geometry along each of its two major surfaces so as to be engageable by water flow in a first direction and a second direction.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a water wheel, wherein each of the plurality of vanes is substantially flat along a range of each of the two major surfaces.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a paddlewheel, wherein the paddlewheel is configured to couple one or more anchors configured to positionally adjustably secure the paddlewheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system for generating electricity from waves, the system comprising: a wave guiding device; and a waterwheel positioned adjacent the obstacle, wherein the waterwheel comprises a plurality of blades configured to generate a first rotor torque and rotate the waterwheel in a first direction in response to a first load applied by a water flow from a first one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades in a first direction toward the obstacle, and configured to generate a second rotor torque and rotate the waterwheel in an opposite direction in response to a second load applied by a return flow of water in a second direction from a second one of the waves engaging one or more of the plurality of blades.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the wave guiding device is formed at least in part by human activity and comprises a wall configured to amplify a wave height.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the wave guiding device comprises a venturi in a channel at least partially formed by a wall, wherein the channel is configured to guide the wave through the venturi to the waterwheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more anchors coupled to the water wheel and configured to secure the water wheel to a bottom or another object.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: one or more cylinders coupled to one or more anchors, wherein the one or more cylinders are configured to be position adjustable to adjust the position of the water wheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system wherein the one or more sensors generate data regarding one or more criteria and the data is used to adjust the position of the water wheel using the one or more cylinders.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a system, the system further comprising: a drive shaft coupled to the water wheel and configured to transmit the first rotor torque and the second rotor torque; a differential coupled to the drive shaft; a spline shaft coupled to the differential; a gear box coupled to the universal joint and including a right-hand reversing gear and a left-hand reversing gear to unify a rotational direction of the driving shaft; a power split transmission coupling configured to transmit the first rotor torque and the second rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power; a flywheel coupled to the power split coupling; a pump motor coupled to the flywheel; a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner; a hydraulic motor comprising a motor output configured to receive the pressurized stored hydraulic fluid and, in response, generate a torque on the motor output; a generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electrical power in response to at least one or both of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output; and a cylinder configured to adjust the position of one or more of the drive shaft, the differential, the spline shaft, the gearbox, the power split drive coupling, the flywheel, and the pump motor.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method for operating a water wheel to generate electricity from waves, the method comprising: forming a wave pooling device; positioning the water wheel in proximity to the wave pooling device; and rotating the paddlewheel in a first direction as a result of a first one of the waves engaging at least one of a plurality of blades of the paddlewheel as a result of the wave traveling through the wave pooling device.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: at least a portion of the wave pooling device is formed with human activity, wherein the wave pooling device comprises a wall configured to amplify a wave height.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method further comprising providing the wave guiding device with a venturi in a channel at least partially formed by a wall, wherein the channel is configured to guide the wave through the venturi and to the waterwheel.

In some aspects, the technology described herein relates to a method, the method further comprising: the position of the water wheel is adjusted based on the wave height.

The above detailed description includes references to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings show, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples". Such examples may include elements other than those shown or described. However, the inventors also contemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Moreover, the inventors contemplate examples using any combination or permutation of those elements shown or described (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to a particular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect to other examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described herein.

If usage between this document and any document incorporated by reference is inconsistent, the usage in this document controls.

In this document, the terms "a" or "an" are used to include one or more than one, independent of any other examples or usage of "at least one" or "one or more", as is common in patent documents. In this document, the term "or" is used to refer to a non-exclusive or, such that "a or B" includes "a but not B", "B but not a" and "a and B", unless otherwise indicated. In this document, the terms "include" and "wherein (in white)" are used as plain English equivalents to the respective terms "comprising" and "wherein (white)". Furthermore, in the appended claims, the terms "including" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e., a system, device, article, composition, modification, or process that includes elements other than those listed after such term in the claims is still considered to fall within the scope of the claims. Furthermore, in the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects.

The method examples described herein may be at least partially implemented by a machine or computer. Some examples may include a computer-readable medium or machine-readable medium encoded with instructions operable to configure an electronic device to perform a method as described in the examples above. Implementations of such methods may include code, such as microcode, assembly language code, higher-level language code, and the like. Such code may include computer readable instructions for performing various methods. The code may form part of a computer program product. Furthermore, in examples, the code may be tangibly stored on one or more volatile, non-transitory, or non-volatile tangible computer-readable media, such as during execution or during other times. Examples of such tangible computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, hard disks, removable magnetic disks, removable optical disks (e.g., optical disks and digital video disks), magnetic cassettes, memory cards or sticks, random Access Memories (RAMs), read Only Memories (ROMs), and the like.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the examples described above (or one or more aspects thereof) may be used in combination with one another. Other embodiments may be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the art, after reviewing the above description. The abstract is provided to comply with 37 c.f.r. ≡1.72 (b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the above detailed description, various features may be combined together to simplify the present disclosure. This should not be interpreted as meaning that the unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, the inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the detailed description as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with one another in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Claims

1. A method for operating one or more water turbines for generating electricity, comprising:

Forming at least a portion of the bottom or one or more walls to create a estuary;

Positioning the one or more water turbines near or within the estuary;

Receiving a water flow due to tide into the estuary;

Retaining the water within the estuary; and

Selectively releasing water from the estuary as an effluent stream, wherein the effluent stream rotates a rotor of the one or more hydro turbines.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more water turbines is part of a water flow capture device located near or at an outlet of a pipe extending through the one or more walls, or near or at an outlet of a reservoir in communication with the estuary and receiving water from the estuary.

3. A method according to claim 3, wherein the level of water in the reservoir is selectively raised or lowered by a tub.

4. The method of claim 4, wherein the bucket is filled during high tides and the bucket is selectively drained to change the level of water within the reservoir.

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:

a second estuary is formed in selective communication with the estuary, the second estuary being open to the ocean and having a manually adapted bottom configured to amplify a level of water received by the estuary due to the tide.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the manually modified bottom comprises a ramp.

7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:

adjusting a power split drive coupling to transfer torque from the rotor to a generator by operating hydraulic fluid, wherein the generator converts mechanical power to electrical power;

Diverting hydraulic fluid at high pressure from the power split transmission coupling in response to the power generated by the generator exceeding a threshold to maintain the power generated by the generator at or below the threshold;

Storing hydraulic fluid transferred from the power split transmission coupling in a storage vessel at high pressure; and

In response to the generator generating electrical power below a threshold, hydraulic fluid stored at high pressure is introduced to a hydraulic motor operably coupled to the generator and configured to transmit mechanical power to the generator for generation of electrical power.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein selectively releasing the water comprises passing the water through a venturi to the one or more hydro turbines.

9. A system for generating electricity using water formed from tides arriving at a estuary, the system comprising:

a plurality of reservoirs in communication with the estuary, wherein the plurality of reservoirs are configured to receive water from the estuary that is formed as a result of the tide; and

One or more water turbines located within or near an outlet of one or more of the plurality of reservoirs, the one or more water turbines each having a turbine rotor configured to generate rotor torque in response to a load applied by an outflow of water from the one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

10. The system of claim 9, further comprising:

A power split transmission coupling configured to transmit the rotor torque to an output shaft at an adjustable torque ratio and to transfer hydraulic fluid in response to the output shaft exceeding a threshold power;

a hydraulic fluid storage vessel configured to store the transferred hydraulic fluid in a pressurized manner;

a hydraulic motor comprising a motor output configured to receive hydraulic fluid stored in a pressurized manner and, in response, generate a torque on the motor output; and

A generator operably coupled to the output shaft and the motor output, wherein the generator generates electrical power in response to at least one or both of rotation of the output shaft or torque of the motor output.

11. The system of any one of claims 9 to 10, wherein one or more walls of the estuary are shaped by human activity so as to amplify the water level of the water flow due to the tide reaching the plurality of reservoirs.

12. The system of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the water level of the water within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs is selectively raised or lowered by displacement caused by a selectively movable bucket, wherein the bucket is filled during high tides and the bucket is selectively drained to change the water level of the water within one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

13. The system of any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the plurality of reservoirs are each formed in part by an artificially formed dam and in part by a naturally formed land formation, and wherein the turbine rotor is configured to generate the rotor torque in response to a load applied by an inflow or outflow of water from one or more of the plurality of reservoirs.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the estuary is at least partially artificially formed to have one or more artificially formed walls and the estuary is at least partially formed from a naturally occurring land construction.

15. The system of any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein one or more walls of at least one of the artificially formed dams are shaped by human activity to amplify the water level of the water flow due to tides reaching the plurality of reservoirs.