CN117949304B - Test device and method for simulating deep constant-resistance anchor rod drawing - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating deep constant-resistance anchor rod drawing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及锚杆测试技术领域,公开了一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置,包括底座和若干组径向测量机构,底座上固定有支架,支架上水平固定有若干根插杆,以固定锚杆的竖向位置,底座上还设置有在轴向固定恒阻器的轴向定位机构,以固定锚杆的轴向位置。径向测量机构包括同轴固定的套板一和套板二以及径向位移检测单元,套板一和套板二均为环形板状,且套板一与套板二之间形成安装间隙,且安装间隙内周向分布若干个径向位移检测单元。本发明通过上述结构能够方便在恒阻器的外侧安装多个径向测量机构,并且径向测量机构中的径向位移监测单元位置可调,从而方便对恒阻器外壳周向、轴向不同位置进行更广范围的检测,使得测量结构更加准确可靠。
The present invention relates to the field of anchor rod testing technology, and discloses a test device for simulating deep constant resistance anchor rod pulling, including a base and several groups of radial measuring mechanisms, a bracket is fixed on the base, and several plug rods are horizontally fixed on the bracket to fix the vertical position of the anchor rod, and an axial positioning mechanism for axially fixing the constant resistance is also provided on the base to fix the axial position of the anchor rod. The radial measuring mechanism includes a coaxially fixed sleeve plate one and sleeve plate two and a radial displacement detection unit, sleeve plate one and sleeve plate two are both annular plates, and an installation gap is formed between sleeve plate one and sleeve plate two, and several radial displacement detection units are circumferentially distributed in the installation gap. The present invention can facilitate the installation of multiple radial measuring mechanisms on the outside of the constant resistance through the above structure, and the position of the radial displacement monitoring unit in the radial measuring mechanism is adjustable, so as to facilitate a wider range of detection of different circumferential and axial positions of the constant resistance housing, so that the measurement structure is more accurate and reliable.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及锚杆测试技术领域,尤其涉及一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rod testing, and in particular to a test device and method for simulating deep constant resistance anchor rod pulling.
背景技术Background technique
过去的采矿一般限于浅部,所以地质环境较为简单,当前支护技术满足安全需求,但随着采矿进入深部,地质环境变得恶劣、力学状态更为复杂,影响安全的因素增多,不利于安全生产要求。例如,随着井下开采深度的增加,高温、高湿、高地应力也相继而来,导致岩体产生大的变形,如巷道顶板的开裂、侧帮的变形以及底鼓现象的产生,都对巷道中的人员和设备构成威胁,同时露天矿方面,大角度边坡的开采使很多边坡有潜在滑动的隐患,当受到爆破振动、降雨等影响时,会突然的滑动,对人员和设备造成伤害。基于此,研究一种具有高强度、高韧性、高延伸率的锚杆尤为重要。In the past, mining was generally limited to shallow areas, so the geological environment was relatively simple, and the current support technology met safety requirements. However, as mining enters deeper areas, the geological environment becomes harsher, the mechanical state becomes more complex, and the factors affecting safety increase, which is not conducive to safe production requirements. For example, as the depth of underground mining increases, high temperature, high humidity, and high ground stress also follow, resulting in large deformation of the rock mass, such as cracking of the tunnel roof, deformation of the side walls, and the occurrence of bottom drum phenomenon, all of which pose a threat to personnel and equipment in the tunnel. At the same time, in open-pit mines, the mining of large-angle slopes makes many slopes have potential sliding hazards. When affected by blasting vibration, rainfall, etc., they will suddenly slide, causing damage to personnel and equipment. Based on this, it is particularly important to study an anchor with high strength, high toughness, and high elongation.
CRLD锚索由恒阻器、恒阻体以及高强度钢绞线3种结构相互组合而成,钢绞线为拉力承载结构,当所受拉力达到其破断力值的80%~90%时,钢绞线会将恒阻器内的恒阻体拉动,当恒阻体在恒阻器内滑移时它们之间会产生一定的摩擦力(摩擦力即为恒阻力),为了保证恒阻效果,需设计CRLD锚索结构体的几何尺寸,使恒阻力保持在一定范围内,因此本发明提供一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置及方法,以利于设计CRLD锚杆。The CRLD anchor cable is composed of three structures: a constant resistor, a constant resistance body and a high-strength steel strand. The steel strand is a tension-bearing structure. When the tension reaches 80% to 90% of its breaking force, the steel strand will pull the constant resistance body in the constant resistor. When the constant resistance body slides in the constant resistor, a certain friction force will be generated between them (friction force is the constant resistance). In order to ensure the constant resistance effect, the geometric dimensions of the CRLD anchor cable structure need to be designed to keep the constant resistance within a certain range. Therefore, the present invention provides a test device and method for simulating deep constant resistance anchor rod pulling, so as to facilitate the design of CRLD anchor rods.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为解决背景技术中所提出的技术问题,本发明提供一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置。In order to solve the technical problems raised in the background technology, the present invention provides a test device for simulating the pulling out of a deep constant resistance anchor rod.
本发明采用以下技术方案实现:一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置,包括底座和若干组径向测量机构。The present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme: a test device for simulating deep constant resistance anchor rod pulling, comprising a base and a plurality of groups of radial measuring mechanisms.
底座上固定有支架,支架上水平固定有若干根插杆,以固定锚杆的竖向位置,底座上还设置有在轴向固定恒阻器的轴向定位机构,以固定锚杆的轴向位置。A bracket is fixed on the base, and a plurality of plug rods are fixed horizontally on the bracket to fix the vertical position of the anchor rod. An axial positioning mechanism for axially fixing the constant resistor is also provided on the base to fix the axial position of the anchor rod.
径向测量机构包括同轴固定的套板一和套板二以及径向位移检测单元,套板一和套板二均为环形板状,且套板一与套板二之间形成安装间隙,且安装间隙内周向分布若干个径向位移检测单元,径向位移检测单元用于检测恒阻器的径向位移,且径向位移检测单元的位置可调。所述插杆能够和套板一与套板二可拆卸连接。The radial measuring mechanism comprises a coaxially fixed sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2 and a radial displacement detection unit, the sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2 are both annular plates, and a mounting gap is formed between the sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2, and a plurality of radial displacement detection units are circumferentially distributed in the mounting gap, the radial displacement detection unit is used to detect the radial displacement of the constant resistor, and the position of the radial displacement detection unit is adjustable. The insertion rod can be detachably connected to the sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,径向位移检测单元包括微型电机、安装块以及位移传感器,其中,微型电机安装在套板二的内侧,安装块与微型电机的输出轴连接,位移传感器设置在安装块的一侧,且位移传感器的测量端用于和恒阻器外壳抵触。As a further improvement of the above scheme, the radial displacement detection unit includes a micro motor, a mounting block and a displacement sensor, wherein the micro motor is installed on the inner side of the second sleeve plate, the mounting block is connected to the output shaft of the micro motor, the displacement sensor is arranged on one side of the mounting block, and the measuring end of the displacement sensor is used to contact the constant resistor housing.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,安装块远离位移传感器的另一侧还固定有若干根安装顶杆,安装顶杆的末端设置有滚珠,套板二的内侧还安装有径向驱动件,径向驱动件的输出端和微型电机的外壳连接,微型电机的外壳与套板二的内侧径向滑动连接。As a further improvement of the above scheme, a plurality of mounting push rods are fixed on the other side of the mounting block away from the displacement sensor, and balls are arranged at the ends of the mounting push rods. A radial driving member is also installed on the inner side of the second sleeve plate, and the output end of the radial driving member is connected to the housing of the micro motor, and the housing of the micro motor is radially slidably connected to the inner side of the second sleeve plate.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,套板二的侧面分布若干个连接孔,套板一的侧面分布若干根连接杆,连接杆和连接孔之间采用螺旋连接,且连接杆和套板一之间可通过轴承转动连接。As a further improvement of the above scheme, a plurality of connecting holes are distributed on the side of the sleeve plate 2, and a plurality of connecting rods are distributed on the side of the sleeve plate 1. The connecting rods and the connecting holes are spirally connected, and the connecting rods and the sleeve plate 1 can be rotatably connected through bearings.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,套板一和套板二上周向开设若干个穿孔,插杆能够穿过穿孔,且插杆与径向测量机构之间通过定位测量机构固定位置。As a further improvement of the above solution, a plurality of through holes are opened on the sleeve plate 1 and the sleeve plate 2 in the circumferential direction, and the insertion rod can pass through the through holes, and the position of the insertion rod and the radial measuring mechanism is fixed by a positioning measuring mechanism.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,套板一、套板二的内圈沿周向分布若干个定位孔,定位测量机构包括开设在插杆外表面的凹槽、设置在凹槽处的定位单元,且凹槽处的插杆为空心结构。As a further improvement of the above scheme, the inner circles of sleeve plates one and two are provided with a plurality of positioning holes distributed circumferentially, and the positioning and measuring mechanism includes a groove opened on the outer surface of the insertion rod, a positioning unit arranged at the groove, and the insertion rod at the groove is a hollow structure.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,定位单元包括活动贯穿凹槽底面的定位销杆,位于凹槽内的定位销杆上设置有电磁铁二,凹槽的底面设有电磁铁一,电磁铁一和电磁铁二能够产生磁性力,从而使得定位销杆沿着凹槽的深度方向滑动,且定位销杆的外端能够和套板一或套板二上的定位孔插接,从而固定径向测量机构的位置。As a further improvement of the above scheme, the positioning unit includes a positioning pin rod which is movable and passes through the bottom surface of the groove. An electromagnet 2 is arranged on the positioning pin rod located in the groove. An electromagnet 1 is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove. Electromagnet 1 and electromagnet 2 can generate magnetic force, so that the positioning pin rod slides along the depth direction of the groove, and the outer end of the positioning pin rod can be plugged into the positioning hole on the sleeve plate 1 or the sleeve plate 2, so as to fix the position of the radial measuring mechanism.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,轴向定位机构包括开设在底座上的斜槽,滑动连接于斜槽的限位架,其中,限位架的底端与斜槽的内壁滑动连接,且限位架的顶端能够抵触在恒阻器的端面上,限位架上还设有定位螺栓,定位螺栓的末端用于和底座连接,以固定限位架的位置。As a further improvement of the above scheme, the axial positioning mechanism includes an oblique groove opened on the base, and a limit frame slidably connected to the oblique groove, wherein the bottom end of the limit frame is slidably connected to the inner wall of the oblique groove, and the top end of the limit frame can abut against the end face of the constant resistor, and the limit frame is also provided with a positioning bolt, and the end of the positioning bolt is used to connect with the base to fix the position of the limit frame.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,底座上分布有若干个稳定机构,以稳定恒阻器的位置,稳定机构包括开设在底座上的安装槽、活动连接于安装槽的支撑板,支撑板的顶面为圆弧曲面,其能够和恒阻器的外壁贴合,且支撑板的相对两侧均转动安装有旋转轴,旋转轴上开设有螺纹孔,螺纹孔处螺旋安装有销杆,安装槽四周的底座的顶面开设有与销杆配合的定位槽。As a further improvement of the above scheme, a number of stabilizing mechanisms are distributed on the base to stabilize the position of the constant resistor. The stabilizing mechanism includes a mounting groove provided on the base and a support plate movably connected to the mounting groove. The top surface of the support plate is an arc surface, which can fit the outer wall of the constant resistor, and rotating shafts are rotatably installed on opposite sides of the support plate. A threaded hole is provided on the rotating shaft, and a pin rod is spirally installed at the threaded hole. Positioning grooves cooperating with the pin rod are provided on the top surface of the base around the mounting groove.
作为上述方案的进一步改进,安装槽的相对两内壁均纵向滑动连接有滑块,滑块的底部通过弹簧和安装槽的内底面连接,支撑板的底部通过销轴和两个滑块转动连接。As a further improvement of the above scheme, two opposite inner walls of the installation groove are longitudinally slidably connected with sliders, the bottom of the slider is connected to the inner bottom surface of the installation groove through a spring, and the bottom of the support plate is rotationally connected to the two sliders through a pin shaft.
本发明还提出了一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验方法,其采用上述试验装置,具体包括如下步骤:The present invention also proposes a test method for simulating deep constant resistance anchor pullout, which uses the above test device and specifically includes the following steps:
将若干组径向测量机构分别套装在锚杆的外侧,并且固定住径向测量机构的轴向位置;Several groups of radial measuring mechanisms are respectively mounted on the outside of the anchor rod, and the axial positions of the radial measuring mechanisms are fixed;
将插杆和径向测量机构中的套板一与套板二固定,此时在竖向固定住了锚杆的位置;Fix the insert rod and the sleeve plate 1 and the sleeve plate 2 in the radial measuring mechanism, and fix the position of the anchor rod vertically;
然后利用轴向定位机构固定锚杆的轴向位置Then the axial position of the anchor rod is fixed by the axial positioning mechanism.
最后,通过锚索逐渐施加试验载荷,记录加载过程中的拉力和位移数据。Finally, the test load is gradually applied through the anchor cable, and the tension and displacement data during the loading process are recorded.
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提出的一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置,包括底座和若干组径向测量机构,底座上固定有支架,支架上水平固定有若干根插杆,以固定锚杆的竖向位置,底座上还设置有在轴向固定恒阻器的轴向定位机构,以固定锚杆的轴向位置。The present invention proposes a test device for simulating deep constant resistance anchor pulling, comprising a base and several groups of radial measuring mechanisms, a bracket is fixed on the base, and several plug rods are horizontally fixed on the bracket to fix the vertical position of the anchor, and the base is also provided with an axial positioning mechanism for axially fixing the constant resistance to fix the axial position of the anchor.
本发明提出的径向测量机构包括同轴固定的套板一和套板二以及径向位移检测单元,套板一和套板二均为环形板状,且套板一与套板二之间形成安装间隙,且安装间隙内周向分布若干个径向位移检测单元,位移传感器用于检测恒阻器的径向位移,且径向位移检测单元的位置可调。The radial measuring mechanism proposed in the present invention comprises a coaxially fixed sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2 and a radial displacement detection unit. The sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2 are both annular plates, and an installation gap is formed between the sleeve plate 1 and sleeve plate 2. A plurality of radial displacement detection units are circumferentially distributed in the installation gap. The displacement sensor is used to detect the radial displacement of the constant resistor, and the position of the radial displacement detection unit is adjustable.
本发明通过上述结构能够方便在恒阻器的外侧安装多个径向测量机构,并且径向测量机构中的径向位移监测单元位置可调,从而方便对恒阻器外壳周向、轴向不同位置进行更广范围的检测,使得测量结构更加准确可靠。The present invention can conveniently install multiple radial measuring mechanisms on the outside of the constant resistor through the above structure, and the position of the radial displacement monitoring unit in the radial measuring mechanism is adjustable, so as to facilitate a wider range of detection of different circumferential and axial positions of the constant resistor housing, making the measurement structure more accurate and reliable.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明提供的试验装置的整体结构示意图;FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明图1的A处放大图;FIG2 is an enlarged view of point A in FIG1 of the present invention;
图3为本发明提出的径向测量机构的立体图;FIG3 is a perspective view of the radial measurement mechanism proposed by the present invention;
图4为本发明提出的套板二的结构示意图;FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the second set of plates proposed in the present invention;
图5为本发明提出的径向测量机构的原理图;FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a radial measurement mechanism according to the present invention;
图6为本发明的图5中的C处放大图;FIG6 is an enlarged view of point C in FIG5 of the present invention;
图7为本发明在图5的基础上增加径向测量机构数量后的原理图;FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the present invention after increasing the number of radial measurement mechanisms based on FIG5;
图8为本发明的图1中的局部放大图。FIG8 is a partial enlarged view of FIG1 of the present invention.
主要符号说明:Description of main symbols:
图中:底座1、支架2、插杆3、径向测量机构4、测量单元401、恒阻器5、锚索6、安装顶杆7、微型电机8、安装块10、位移传感器11、径向驱动件12、凹槽13、电磁铁一14、电磁铁二15、定位销杆16、套板一17、套板二18、穿孔19、连接孔21、连接杆22、斜槽23、限位架24、支撑板25、旋转轴26、销杆27、滑块28、弹簧29、安装槽30、定位槽31、旋转中心点32、第一边33、第二边34、第三边35、变形线一36、变形线二37。In the figure: base 1, bracket 2, plug rod 3, radial measuring mechanism 4, measuring unit 401, constant resistor 5, anchor cable 6, mounting top rod 7, micro motor 8, mounting block 10, displacement sensor 11, radial drive member 12, groove 13, electromagnet 1 14, electromagnet 2 15, positioning pin 16, sleeve plate 1 17, sleeve plate 2 18, through hole 19, connecting hole 21, connecting rod 22, inclined groove 23, limit frame 24, support plate 25, rotating shaft 26, pin 27, slider 28, spring 29, mounting groove 30, positioning groove 31, rotation center point 32, first side 33, second side 34, third side 35, deformation line 1 36, deformation line 2 37.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,需要说明的是,在不相冲突的前提下,以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. It should be noted that, under the premise of no conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment.
实施例1Example 1
参照图1-8,一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验装置,包括底座1以及若干组径向测量机构4。1-8 , a test device for simulating deep constant resistance anchor pulling includes a base 1 and a plurality of radial measurement mechanisms 4 .
底座1上固定有支架2,支架2上水平固定有若干根插杆3,以固定恒阻器5的竖向位置,底座1上还设置有在轴向固定恒阻器5的轴向定位机构,以固定锚杆的轴向位置。插杆3和支架2之间可才有螺旋连接,这样更方便安装使用。A bracket 2 is fixed on the base 1, and a plurality of plug rods 3 are fixed horizontally on the bracket 2 to fix the vertical position of the constant resistor 5. The base 1 is also provided with an axial positioning mechanism for axially fixing the constant resistor 5 to fix the axial position of the anchor rod. The plug rod 3 and the bracket 2 may be connected by a spiral connection, which is more convenient for installation and use.
在本方案中,参照图1和图3,径向测量机构4包括同轴固定的套板一17和套板二18以及径向位移检测单元,套板一17和套板二18均为环形板状,且套板一17与套板二18之间形成安装间隙,且安装间隙内周向分布若干个径向位移检测单元,位移传感器11用于检测恒阻器5的径向位移,且径向位移检测单元的在恒阻器外侧的相对位置可以调节。In the present embodiment, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the radial measuring mechanism 4 includes a coaxially fixed sleeve plate 17 and a sleeve plate 2 18 and a radial displacement detection unit. The sleeve plate 17 and the sleeve plate 2 18 are both annular plates, and an installation gap is formed between the sleeve plate 17 and the sleeve plate 2 18 , and a plurality of radial displacement detection units are circumferentially distributed in the installation gap. The displacement sensor 11 is used to detect the radial displacement of the constant resistor 5, and the relative position of the radial displacement detection unit on the outside of the constant resistor can be adjusted.
在本方案中,径向位移检测单元包括微型电机8、安装块10以及位移传感器11,其中的位移传感器11可采用现有的位移传感器,从而方便测量恒阻器在拉拔试验时径向位置的位移,以便于测量恒阻器的性能,其中,微型电机8安装在套板二18的内侧,安装块10与微型电机8的输出轴连接,位移传感器11设置在安装块10的一侧,且位移传感器11的测量端用于和恒阻器5外壳抵触,从而实现恒阻器外壳5在发生变形时,能够被位移传感器检测到。In the present solution, the radial displacement detection unit includes a micro motor 8, a mounting block 10 and a displacement sensor 11, wherein the displacement sensor 11 may adopt an existing displacement sensor, thereby conveniently measuring the displacement of the radial position of the constant resistor during the pull-out test, so as to measure the performance of the constant resistor, wherein the micro motor 8 is mounted on the inner side of the sleeve plate 18, the mounting block 10 is connected to the output shaft of the micro motor 8, the displacement sensor 11 is arranged on one side of the mounting block 10, and the measuring end of the displacement sensor 11 is used to contact the housing of the constant resistor 5, so that the housing 5 of the constant resistor can be detected by the displacement sensor when deformation occurs.
值得一提的是,为了方便安装径向位移检测单元,安装块10远离位移传感器11的另一侧还固定有若干根安装顶杆7,安装顶杆7的末端设置有滚珠,套板二18的内侧还安装有径向驱动件12,径向驱动件12的输出端和微型电机8的外壳连接,微型电机8的外壳与套板二18的内侧径向滑动连接。It is worth mentioning that in order to facilitate the installation of the radial displacement detection unit, a plurality of mounting push rods 7 are fixed to the other side of the mounting block 10 away from the displacement sensor 11, and a ball is provided at the end of the mounting push rod 7. A radial driving member 12 is also installed on the inner side of the sleeve plate 18, and the output end of the radial driving member 12 is connected to the outer shell of the micro motor 8, and the outer shell of the micro motor 8 is radially slidably connected to the inner side of the sleeve plate 18.
当安装径向测量机构时,微型电机驱动安装块旋转,使得安装顶杆的末端朝向套板一17的内侧轴心,这样将套板一和套板二套装在恒阻器外侧时,能够方便安装,并且当各个径向测量机构安装完毕后,使得插杆3穿过套板一17和套板二18上的穿孔19,然后再使得插杆3的另一端和支架2固定,此时再逐个使得微型电机8工作,带动各个安装块旋转,最终使得各个位移传感器11的测量端用于和恒阻器5外壳抵触,从而方便后续测量恒阻器外壳的形变。When installing the radial measuring mechanism, the micro motor drives the mounting block to rotate so that the end of the mounting push rod faces the inner axis of the sleeve plate 17, so that when the sleeve plates 1 and 2 are mounted on the outside of the constant resistor, it is convenient to install. After the installation of each radial measuring mechanism is completed, the insertion rod 3 is passed through the through holes 19 on the sleeve plates 17 and 18, and then the other end of the insertion rod 3 is fixed to the bracket 2. At this time, the micro motors 8 are operated one by one to drive each mounting block to rotate, and finally the measuring end of each displacement sensor 11 is used to contact the shell of the constant resistor 5, thereby facilitating the subsequent measurement of the deformation of the shell of the constant resistor.
在本方案中,套板二18的侧面分布若干个连接孔21,套板一17的侧面分布若干根连接杆22,连接杆22和连接孔21之间采用螺旋连接,且连接杆22和套板一17之间可通过轴承转动连接。通过上述结构能够使得套板一和套板二连接成一体。In this solution, a plurality of connecting holes 21 are distributed on the side of the second sleeve plate 18, and a plurality of connecting rods 22 are distributed on the side of the first sleeve plate 17. The connecting rods 22 and the connecting holes 21 are connected by a screw, and the connecting rods 22 and the first sleeve plate 17 can be rotatably connected through a bearing. The above structure enables the first sleeve plate and the second sleeve plate to be connected as one.
套板一17和套板二18上周向开设若干个穿孔19,插杆3能够穿过穿孔19,且插杆3与径向测量机构4之间通过定位测量机构固定位置。A plurality of through holes 19 are formed on the circumferential sides of the first sleeve plate 17 and the second sleeve plate 18 , through which the insertion rod 3 can pass, and the position of the insertion rod 3 and the radial measuring mechanism 4 is fixed by a positioning measuring mechanism.
作为本发明一可选地实施方式,套板一17、套板二18的内圈沿周向分布若干个定位孔,定位测量机构包括开设在插杆3外表面的凹槽13、设置在凹槽13处的定位单元,且凹槽13处的插杆3为空心结构。As an optional embodiment of the present invention, the inner circles of sleeve plate 17 and sleeve plate 2 18 have a plurality of positioning holes distributed circumferentially, and the positioning and measuring mechanism includes a groove 13 opened on the outer surface of the insertion rod 3, a positioning unit arranged at the groove 13, and the insertion rod 3 at the groove 13 is a hollow structure.
参照图2,本方案中的定位单元包括活动贯穿凹槽13底面的定位销杆16,位于凹槽13内的定位销杆16上设置有电磁铁二15,凹槽13的底面设有电磁铁一14,电磁铁一14和电磁铁二15能够产生磁性力,从而使得定位销杆16沿着凹槽13的深度方向滑动,且定位销杆16的外端能够和套板一17或套板二18。Referring to Figure 2, the positioning unit in this scheme includes a positioning pin rod 16 that movably passes through the bottom surface of the groove 13, and an electromagnet 2 15 is provided on the positioning pin rod 16 located in the groove 13. An electromagnet 14 is provided on the bottom surface of the groove 13. The electromagnet 14 and the electromagnet 2 15 can generate magnetic force, so that the positioning pin rod 16 slides along the depth direction of the groove 13, and the outer end of the positioning pin rod 16 can be aligned with the sleeve plate 17 or the sleeve plate 2 18.
本方案在工作时,参照图5,图6,以旋转中心点32为位移传感器的旋转中心进行安装,初始时恒阻器5的外壳为圆形,则位移传感器的测量端抵触于恒阻器5外表面的一点(二者的接触点即为测量点),根据三角形的边长计算公式,已知三角形的第一边33以及第二边34的长度以及第二边34(第二边始终与位移传感器的测量端延长线共线)与第一边的夹角,因此可以计算出此时第三边35的长度,其中,第一边33的长度值为恒阻器的外壳半径值与旋转中心点32与恒阻器的外壳最短距离值之和,第二边34的长度值可以通过位移传感器11测量得到(即实时的位移传感器的测量端的末端距离旋转中心点32的距离),因此,在拉拔试验前能够得到一个初始的第三边35的长度,记为K0,在初始时K0的值等于恒阻器5的半径。When the present solution is working, referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the displacement sensor is installed with the rotation center point 32 as the rotation center. Initially, the housing of the constant resistor 5 is circular, and the measuring end of the displacement sensor contacts a point on the outer surface of the constant resistor 5 (the contact point between the two is the measuring point). According to the calculation formula for the side length of the triangle, the lengths of the first side 33 and the second side 34 of the triangle and the angle between the second side 34 (the second side is always collinear with the extended line of the measuring end of the displacement sensor) and the first side are known. , so the length of the third side 35 at this time can be calculated, wherein the length value of the first side 33 is the sum of the shell radius value of the constant resistor and the shortest distance value between the rotation center point 32 and the shell of the constant resistor, and the length value of the second side 34 can be measured by the displacement sensor 11 (that is, the distance between the end of the measuring end of the real-time displacement sensor and the rotation center point 32). Therefore, before the pulling test, an initial length of the third side 35 can be obtained, which is recorded as K0. At the initial time, the value of K0 is equal to the radius of the constant resistor 5.
当测试时恒阻器外壳的形变为变形线一36时,此时的第二边34的长度为y1,能够得到此时的第三边35的长度,记为K1;则此时该测量点的位移值为K1-K0。When the deformation of the constant resistor housing is deformation line 1 36 during the test, the length of the second side 34 is y1, and the length of the third side 35 is K1. The displacement value of the measuring point is K1-K0.
当测试时恒阻器外壳的形变为变形线二37时,此时的第二边34的长度为y2,能够得到此时的第三边35的长度,记为K2,则此时该测量点的位移值为K2-K0。When the deformation of the constant resistor housing is the deformation line 2 37 during the test, the length of the second side 34 is y2, and the length of the third side 35 is K2. The displacement value of the measuring point is K2-K0.
因此,通过本方案,利用可以旋转的位移传感器,能够尽可能在不重新安装拆卸径向测量机构的位置的前提下,更多地对恒阻器外壳周向位置上的多点进行位移监测,使得观测结果更加准确,更加能够反映恒阻器的径向位移变化规律,从而体现恒阻器的性能。Therefore, through this solution, using a rotatable displacement sensor, it is possible to monitor the displacement of more points on the circumferential position of the constant resistor housing without reinstalling or disassembling the radial measuring mechanism as much as possible, so that the observation results are more accurate and can better reflect the radial displacement change law of the constant resistor, thereby reflecting the performance of the constant resistor.
参照图1,轴向定位机构包括开设在底座1上的斜槽23,滑动连接于斜槽23的限位架,其中,限位架24的底端与斜槽23的内壁滑动连接,且限位架24的顶端能够抵触在恒阻器的端面上,限位架24上还设有定位螺栓,定位螺栓24的末端用于和底座1连接,以固定限位架24的位置。1 , the axial positioning mechanism includes an inclined groove 23 provided on the base 1, and a limit frame slidably connected to the inclined groove 23, wherein the bottom end of the limit frame 24 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the inclined groove 23, and the top end of the limit frame 24 can abut against the end face of the constant resistor, and a positioning bolt is also provided on the limit frame 24, and the end of the positioning bolt 24 is used to connect with the base 1 to fix the position of the limit frame 24.
具体参照图8,底座1上分布有若干个稳定机构,以稳定恒阻器5的位置,稳定机构包括开设在底座1上的安装槽30、活动连接于安装槽30的支撑板25,支撑板25的顶面为圆弧曲面,其能够和恒阻器的外壁贴合,且支撑板25的相对两侧均转动安装有旋转轴26,旋转轴26上开设有螺纹孔,螺纹孔处螺旋安装有销杆27,安装槽30四周的底座1的顶面开设有与销杆27配合的定位槽31。8 , a plurality of stabilizing mechanisms are distributed on the base 1 to stabilize the position of the constant resistor 5. The stabilizing mechanisms include a mounting groove 30 provided on the base 1 and a support plate 25 movably connected to the mounting groove 30. The top surface of the support plate 25 is an arc surface that can fit the outer wall of the constant resistor. Rotating shafts 26 are rotatably installed on opposite sides of the support plate 25. The rotating shaft 26 is provided with a threaded hole, and a pin rod 27 is spirally installed at the threaded hole. Positioning grooves 31 cooperating with the pin rod 27 are provided on the top surface of the base 1 around the mounting groove 30.
安装槽30的相对两内壁均纵向滑动连接有滑块28,滑块28的底部通过弹簧29和安装槽30的内底面连接,支撑板25的底部通过销轴和两个滑块28转动连接。The two opposite inner walls of the mounting groove 30 are longitudinally slidably connected with sliders 28, the bottom of the slider 28 is connected to the inner bottom surface of the mounting groove 30 through a spring 29, and the bottom of the support plate 25 is rotatably connected to the two sliders 28 through a pin shaft.
实施例2Example 2
本发明还提出了一种模拟深层恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验方法,其采用上述试验装置,具体包括如下步骤:The present invention also proposes a test method for simulating deep constant resistance anchor pullout, which uses the above test device and specifically includes the following steps:
将若干组径向测量机构分别套装在锚杆的外侧,并且固定住径向测量机构的轴向位置;Several groups of radial measuring mechanisms are respectively mounted on the outside of the anchor rod, and the axial positions of the radial measuring mechanisms are fixed;
将插杆和径向测量机构中的套板一与套板二固定,此时在竖向固定住了锚杆的位置;Fix the insert rod and the sleeve plate 1 and the sleeve plate 2 in the radial measuring mechanism, and fix the position of the anchor rod vertically;
然后利用轴向定位机构固定锚杆的轴向位置;Then, the axial position of the anchor rod is fixed by using the axial positioning mechanism;
最后,通过锚索6逐渐施加试验载荷,记录加载过程中的拉力和位移数据。Finally, the test load is gradually applied through the anchor cable 6, and the tension and displacement data during the loading process are recorded.
且本实施例提出的恒阻锚杆拉拔的试验方法,在实施例1中存在详细的介绍,在此不做赘述。The test method for constant resistance anchor rod pulling proposed in this embodiment has been introduced in detail in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here.
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式,不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围,本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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