CN117867954A - 桥梁缆索护套及疏水性电热防/除冰系统 - Google Patents
桥梁缆索护套及疏水性电热防/除冰系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了桥梁缆索护套及疏水性电热防/除冰系统,所述桥梁缆索护套包括护套本体,其护套本体外覆盖一层疏水性电热薄膜。本发明由于疏水表面微纳结构凸起的存在,固‑液接触面存在间隔,液滴与薄膜间的实际接触面积大大减小,如此,在配合加热情况下,液滴从疏水性电热薄膜表面分离、蒸发所需能量大大减少,可有效防止覆冰形成和加速覆冰脱落,并且降低电能损耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于桥梁缆索防冰技术领域,具体涉及一种桥梁缆索护套,还涉及一种疏水性电热防/除冰系统。
背景技术
桥梁缆索是桥梁结构的重要组成部分,承受着桥梁的主要荷载,其安全性和耐久性直接影响着桥梁的使用寿命和运营效率。桥梁缆索护套是一种包裹在缆索外表面的保护层,旨在防止缆索受到外界环境的侵蚀和损伤,提高缆索的耐久性和安全性。
桥梁缆索护套在低温环境中,容易受到冰雪降水的侵蚀,导致缆索表面形成积冰,增加缆索的重量和风阻,降低缆索的强度和刚度,甚至引发缆索的破坏。热力除冰、机械除冰等主动除冰方式,这些方式需要消耗大量的能源,且对环境不友好。氟塑料、硅橡胶等疏水性涂料,这些方式可以防止水分渗入表面,减少冰的粘附力,但只在湿雪条件下有效,且无法防止过冷却水的冻结。
综上所述,现有的防覆冰技术都存在一定的局限性,如能耗大、效率低、环境不友好、操作不便、成本较高等,还需要进行创新和优化,以提高防覆冰技术的性能和可靠性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够有效防止或清除桥梁缆索表面积冰的护套,提高桥梁缆索的安全性和耐久性。
本发明的技术方案是:一种桥梁缆索护套,包括护套本体,其特征在于,其护套本体外覆盖一层疏水性电热薄膜。
本发明桥梁缆索护套的护套本体为高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)、橡胶或玻璃纤维等材质制备而成的基底层。
所述疏水性电热薄膜包括电加热层和疏水层,所述疏水层覆盖在所述电加热层外。
为确保桥梁缆索护套本身安全和过往行人、车辆的安全,实现低电压、低功率加热防(除)冰,同时实现桥梁缆索表面整体加热功率分布均匀,本发明对电加热层设计如下:
所述电加热层包括由碳纤维、导电聚合物等柔性导电导热材料构成的发热与传热层,以及平行间隔地压制在所述发热与传热层上面的由铜线或条状的铜箔构成的导电通道,相邻的导电通道中,其中一个为高电位通道,另一个为低电位通道;所述发热与传热层具有高于所述导电通道的电阻率,为半导体或高电阻材料,表面加热功率密度不小于2W/cm2。
通过导电通道的设计,可以在桥梁缆索护套纵向上提供稳定电压,在发热与传热区两端形成均匀的电势差,实现电加热功率的均匀分布,尽可能减少电加热层电阻分布不均匀或部分破损导致护套表面加热功率密度变化,最终影响防或除冰效果和效率。
上述疏水层采用疏水剂喷涂而成,疏水剂可以是氟化物、硅烷或其衍生物,可以添加一定量的溶剂和分散剂以调节涂料的粘度和稳定性,均匀混合的涂料涂敷在电加热层上,可以采用刮涂、喷涂、浸涂等方法,但应避免破坏电加热层。
疏水层的厚度应控制在几十微米至几百微米之间,以保证电加热温升能快速作用到表面。为保证疏水性,涂层表面接触角应不小于110°。为达到加热功率密度与涂层防护性的平衡,建议选取接触角在130°左右的疏水性涂层。
本发明还提供一种疏水性电热防/除冰系统,其包括上述桥梁缆索护套,还包括电源,所述电源与所述疏水性电热薄膜相连,另外还包括气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块以及控制器,所述控制器与所述电源、气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块分别相连,获取实时气候、桥梁缆索表面温度等信息,然后控制所述电源的输出功率。
所述电源的正、负极分别与所述桥梁缆索护套中相邻的所述高电位通道和低电位通道相连。
有益效果:
1)由于疏水表面微纳结构凸起的存在,固-液接触面存在间隔,液滴与薄膜间的实际接触面积大大减小,如此,在配合加热情况下,液滴从疏水性电热薄膜表面分离、蒸发所需能量大大减少,可有效防止覆冰形成和加速覆冰脱落,并且降低电能损耗。
2)本发明导电通道布置方案,有利于使桥梁缆索护套表面加热功率密度均匀分布,降低对加热电源电压的要求,与传统大功率除冰装置不同,电加热电源电压在36V~220V即可实现有效除冰或防覆冰,避免因漏电故障对桥梁行人或维修工人造成人身威胁,提高系统安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明桥梁缆索护套的防/除冰原理示意图;
图2为本发明桥梁缆索护套中导电通道的布置方式示意图;
图3为本发明疏水性电热防/除冰系统的原理示意图;
图4为人工覆冰试验布置方式示意图;
图5为人工覆冰试验结果对照图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及其附图对本发明进行详细说明,以帮助本领域的技术人员更好的理解本发明的发明构思,但本发明权利要求的保护范围不限于下述实施例,对本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明之发明构思的前提下,没有做出创造性劳动所获得的所有其他实施例,都应落入本发明的保护范围。本发明中“/”表示“或”含义。
以下采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)桥梁缆索护套本体作为测试样品,采用聚酰亚胺压制铜线的加热薄膜作为电加热层,表面涂敷疏水性涂料形成疏水层,如图1所示。
将聚酰亚胺加热薄膜压制在HDPE护套本体表面作为发热与传热层,然后在聚酰亚胺加热薄膜上压制平行间隔的铜线作为导电通道,如图2所示,通电时相邻导电通道分别链接电源正负级,导电通道间聚酰亚胺将在电势差作用下发热,形成电加热层。采用氟基树脂涂覆在电加热层表面作为疏水层,表面接触角约为130°。
为比较纯电加热、本发明疏水性电热薄膜电加热防/除冰效果的差异,样品表面部分不喷涂疏水性涂层,此外,布置纯超疏水表面和无防覆冰结构缆索护套作为对比。
根据斜拉索桥梁发生拉索结冰的情况,采用人工覆冰试验进行防冰性能测试。
人工覆冰实验采用的主要设备为高低温试验箱,试验装置布置如图4所示。根据HDPE护套管长度及半径进行样品试验架的设计,样品通过斜角安装固定在主横梁结构上,固定角度可调节。
试验方案参照电力行业标准《DLT1247-2013-高压直流绝缘子覆冰闪络试验方法》通过低温喷淋过冷却水的方法模拟自然环境中的雨凇覆冰条件,设置气候室内环境温度为-5~-4℃,喷淋时过冷水滴,平均水滴粒径约为80μm,喷淋流量控制在80~100L/h·m2,覆冰过程中,气候室内风机间歇性启动并产生1~12m/s的循环风。
如图5为不同桥梁缆索护套在人工气候室内雨凇覆冰后的结果。
试验结果表明:1)相同覆冰条件和覆冰时间下,本发明疏水性电热薄膜表面相比未处理桥梁缆索护套和超疏水涂层处理后的桥梁缆索护套,能更好防止表面覆冰形成,试验结果见图5中的a、b、c;
2)疏水性电热薄膜相对于相同加热功率下的纯电热和未处理表面展现出显著的防覆冰效果。疏水性电热薄膜在表面加热温度设定为0℃时,即能防止表面水滴冻结形成覆冰,见图5中的d。
图3为本发明搭建的疏水性电热防/除冰系统的原理示意图,其包括上述桥梁缆索护套,还包括电源,电源的正、负极分别与桥梁缆索护套中相邻的高电位通道和低电位通道相连,另外还包括气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块以及控制终端,控制终端与电源、气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块分别相连,获取实时气候、桥梁缆索表面温度等信息,然后控制电源的输出功率,以便可根据天气状况或护套表面的实际状态,进行智能防/除冰。
本发明桥梁缆索护套防覆冰技术对于保障桥梁缆索的正常运行,提高桥梁的安全性和耐久性,具有重要的意义和价值。
另外,需要说明的是,本发明不局限于上述具体实施方式,根据上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,本发明还可以做出其它多种形式的等效修改、替换或变更,均落在本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (8)
1.一种桥梁缆索护套,包括护套本体,其特征在于,其护套本体外覆盖一层疏水性电热薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的桥梁缆索护套,其特征在于,所述疏水性电热薄膜包括电加热层和疏水层,所述疏水层覆盖在所述电加热层外。
3.根据权利要求2所述的桥梁缆索护套,其特征在于,所述电加热层包括由柔性导电导热材料构成的发热与传热层,以及平行间隔地压制在所述发热与传热层上面的线条形的导电通道,相邻的导电通道中,其中一个为高电位通道,另一个为低电位通道;所述发热与传热层具有高于所述导电通道的电阻率,为半导体或高电阻材料,表面加热功率密度不小于2W/cm2。
4.根据权利要求3所述的桥梁缆索护套,其特征在于,所述疏水层采用疏水剂喷涂而成,疏水剂采用氟化物、硅烷或其衍生物,或进一步添加一定量的溶剂和分散剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的桥梁缆索护套,其特征在于,所述疏水层的厚度在几十微米至几百微米之间。
6.根据权利要求5所述的桥梁缆索护套,其特征在于,所述疏水层表面接触角不小于110°,推荐接触角为130°。
7.一种疏水性电热防/除冰系统,其特征在于,包括权1-6任一所述桥梁缆索护套和电源,所述电源与所述梁缆索护套的疏水性电热薄膜相连,另外还包括气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块以及控制器,所述控制器与所述电源、气象数据在线监测模块、护套表面状态在线监测模块分别相连,获取实时气候、桥梁缆索表面温度等信息,然后控制所述电源的输出功率。
8.根据权利要求7所述的疏水性电热防/除冰系统,其特征在于,所述电源的正、负极分别与所述桥梁缆索护套中相邻的所述高电位通道和低电位通道相连。
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