CN117845426B - Liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117845426B CN117845426B CN202410240447.XA CN202410240447A CN117845426B CN 117845426 B CN117845426 B CN 117845426B CN 202410240447 A CN202410240447 A CN 202410240447A CN 117845426 B CN117845426 B CN 117845426B
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012621 metal-organic framework Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006118 nylon 56 Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 112
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 13
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000003571 electronic cigarette Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
- D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
- D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/04—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers
- D01F11/08—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of synthetic polymers of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
- D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
- D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/551—Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/56—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
- D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber materials, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric, which comprises the following specific steps: a. 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material, 0-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0-850 parts of solvent are mixed and stirred according to mass fraction to obtain spinning solution; b. spinning the spinning solution by a melt spinning technology or a solution spinning technology to obtain superfine fibers, wherein the superfine fibers form a superfine fiber film by self-adhesion; c. carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric; d. sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric; the invention further comprises a liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric, and the liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric and the preparation method thereof solve the problem of low oil-water throughput of the liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric by improving the formula and the preparation process of the superfine fiber material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber materials, in particular to a liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Materials commonly used for ultrafine fibers with capillary structures are spunlaced nonwoven fabrics with fiber holes, pulp rods or porous ceramics with particle holes, which are limited by the existing molding technology and materials, whether with fiber holes or particle holes, the equivalent pore diameters in the materials are usually in the range of 30 micrometers to 200 micrometers, especially when the pore diameters change greatly along with the structural distribution, the infiltrated tobacco tar is easy to generate weak points, and air is easy to break through the weak points and infiltrate into an oil storage area, so that the negative pressure value is reduced, the leakage of oil and water is caused, and chemicals are dissolved out. The diameters of the existing viscose, cotton and fibrilia are generally in the range of 5-30 microns, the equivalent diameters of the constructed pores are larger, the fibers are not hot-melt, and the accurate distribution of pore sizes cannot be controlled by means of hot pressing and the like. Materials with hot melt bonding, such as meltblown fabrics, are often difficult to apply to air flow barriers due to their non-polar nature, poor hydrophilicity, low strength, and susceptibility to chip drop. The equivalent diameter of pores in the porous ceramic material can be influenced by factors such as an adhesive, aggregate particle size, a firing process and the like, so that the uniform penetration of oil and water can be ensured, and the porous ceramic material has high airflow isolation resistance, but the technical difficulty and the investment are too great.
The atomizing core used in the existing transparent oil bin is a cotton core or a ceramic core, the pore size of the atomizing core is usually in the range of 20-150 um, the ventilation resistance is not higher than 300Pa after tobacco tar is wetted, the matched oil injection amount of the tobacco cartridge is usually controlled within 2ml because of the risk of oil leakage, and the heating element and the oil guide material in the atomizing core do not reach the aging threshold, so that the new tobacco cartridge atomizing core needs to be replaced every 1-2 days. Meanwhile, along with the rapid increase of the consumer groups of the electronic cigarettes, the number of the discarded cartridges per year is increased sharply, and the pressure on environmental emission is also valued by the international society. On the basis of being compatible with the ageing life of heating elements and atomizing materials, the method for increasing the oil filling quantity and reducing the replacement of the atomizing core of the smoking set by consumers is one of effective methods for reducing environmental emission and improving consumption experience. If the oiling amount is increased to 10ml without affecting taste experience, and the design of the shape of the cigarette bullet is combined, the ventilation resistance of the atomization core after tobacco tar is wetted is at least increased to more than 1000Pa, and the pore diameter structure is a few choices in one to two layers of non-woven fabrics in the cotton core. The core material and the outer surface layer material of the CN116236854A are all polymers, the melting point of the polymers is related to the physical property of monomer molecules, the proportion of different monomers in the formed polymers, the structure of the polymers and the degree of polymerization, and other factors, preferably, the degradable polymers comprise one or more of PLA, PHA, PHB, PES, PBAT, preferably, the non-degradable polymers comprise one or more of PP, PE, PET, PA, different degradable polymers and non-degradable polymers are purchased directly according to the required melting point, and the variable degradable fiber for preparing the filter core can also be suitable for making fiber pen points, The water-absorbing fiber rod, the filter core, the electronic cigarette oil storage cotton and the like are applied to the fields of daily use, electronics and medical treatment. The CN116041087A porous carbon atomization matrix, the preparation method, the electronic atomization core and the electronic atomization device provide that the porous carbon ceramic atomization core is subjected to vacuum pressurization treatment during preparation, so that plant fibers and thermosetting resin are fully mixed, and the thermosetting resin can uniformly infiltrate into a micropore structure in the cell wall of the plant fibers in the high-temperature carbonization process; the plant fiber, the thermosetting resin and the auxiliary agent are carbonized at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated environment, the amorphous carbon layer formed by the plant fiber and the glassy carbon layer formed by the thermosetting resin are carbonized to form a microporous structure of the porous carbon atomization core, and the strength of the amorphous carbon layer formed by the plant fiber is further enhanced due to the fact that the glassy carbon layer formed by the thermosetting resin has higher strength, so that the microporous structure of the porous carbon atomization core formed by sintering maintains the microscopic pore distribution characteristic of the plant fiber, and the porous carbon atomization core has the characteristic of high reduction degree of cotton cores to atomized liquid; meanwhile, due to the nature of amorphous carbon and carbon of the glass carbon, the phenomenon of pasting a cotton core can not occur, and due to the high strength of the glass carbon, the pore diameter of a microporous structure of the microporous carbon atomization core is kept basically unchanged after long-time cold and hot impact, and the high reduction performance and oil guiding performance of an atomization liquid are maintained; therefore, the porous carbon atomizing core combines the advantages of plant porous characteristics and porous ceramic cores, has plant pore characteristics, further has higher reduction degree on atomized liquid, and has the characteristics of strength, stability and durability similar to those of the ceramic atomizing core. However, the prior art only solves the problem of oil smoke separation, and optimizes the performances of water absorption, oil storage, tobacco tar throughput, air passing prevention and the like of the electronic cigarette filter material.
Therefore, through the mode of fiber pore-forming, a non-woven fabric material which can be matched with oil-water wetting, permeation, smaller pore equivalent size, uniform pore distribution, natural hydrophilicity, no chemical treatment and meeting the food contact requirement is developed, and the non-woven fabric material can be applied to liquid-permeable and gas-resistant non-woven fabrics in the fields of electronic cigarette atomization cores, masks and the like to prevent air penetration and oil leakage, realizes oil penetration and is a very urgent requirement of the non-woven fabric industry at present.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention is highly required to provide a liquid-permeable and gas-impermeable nonwoven fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof, and the liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric and the preparation method thereof solve the problems of low oil-gas separation efficiency and low oil-water throughput of the non-woven fabric by improving the formula and the preparation process of superfine fiber materials.
The invention provides a preparation method of a liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric, which comprises the following specific steps:
a. 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material, 0-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0-850 parts of solvent are mixed and stirred according to mass fraction to obtain spinning solution;
b. spinning the spinning solution by a melt spinning technology or a solution spinning technology to obtain superfine fibers, wherein the superfine fibers form a superfine fiber film by self-adhesion;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in the step a, in the preparation of the spinning solution, the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are firstly subjected to melting treatment, and the melting temperature is 270-300 ℃.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution is subjected to shear viscosity control, the shear viscosity of the spinning solution being set to，
The shear viscosity of the spinning solution is related to the melting temperature:
Wherein T is the melting temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature of the spinning solution, and the range of T is 270-300 ℃; t O is the reference temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature, and the range of T O is 230-290 ℃; the shear viscosity of the spinning solution at the melting temperature T is expressed in kPa.s; /(I) The shear viscosity of the spinning solution at a reference temperature T O is expressed in units of kPa.s, the value range is 1.8-2.5, and e is the base number of natural logarithm; a is a constant, and the value of a is 0.01.
Preferably, the solvent comprises, in mass fraction: 400-680 parts of formic acid, 50-85 parts of acetic acid and 50-85 parts of acetone.
Preferably, in step a, the nylon material comprises any one of nylon 6, nylon 66 or nylon 56; the porous inorganic material comprises any one of a silica porous material, a metal organic framework material, a zeolite molecular sieve material, a porous alumina material or a porous ceramic material.
Preferably, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 100 nm.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the spinning temperature of the melt spinning machine is 270-300 ℃, and the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 320-390 ℃; placing the superfine fiber film into hot water to remove polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the temperature of the hot water is 95-100 ℃;
In the step b, the solution spinning technology comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
Preferably, in the step c, the cooling treatment includes any one of a cold air cooling treatment or a water-cooled atomized cooling treatment;
wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10-15 ℃;
The water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature less than or equal to 16 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in the step d, the water jet pressure in the water jet reinforcement process is less than or equal to 25 megapascals.
The liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric also comprises the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric obtained by any one of the preparation methods.
Compared with the prior art, the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following steps:
1. the preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the steps of uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, and preparing a spinning solution, wherein the obtained spinning solution is a mixed viscous state solution of the nylon material and the porous inorganic material; placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning technology or a solution spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; the melt spinning technology is used for melt spinning nylon 6, nylon 66 or nylon 56, the melting temperature is 260-300 ℃, the nylon material can be ensured to be sufficiently melted, and meanwhile, the stability of the porous inorganic material can be ensured; the nylon material and the porous inorganic material are fully dissolved in the solvent by the solution spinning technology, formic acid and acetic acid in the solvent are weak acids, acetone is a solvent with high volatility, and formic acid and acetic acid are taken away when the acetone volatilizes when the superfine fiber is prepared by the solution spinning technology, so that the solvent is easy to volatilize, and the superfine fiber with excellent performance is further obtained; after the superfine fiber film is subjected to cooling treatment, if the superfine fiber film is subjected to cooling treatment by using cold air in the cooling process, the temperature of the cold air is 10-15 ℃, and the temperature difference between the cold temperature and the heat temperature near the superfine fiber film is utilized, so that the surface of the superfine fiber film can quickly gather water vapor, if the superfine fiber film is subjected to water cooling atomization cooling treatment, the superfine fiber film is subjected to cooling treatment after water with the water temperature less than or equal to 20 ℃ is atomized, the moisture content of the superfine fiber film cooling treatment can be controlled, pretreatment is not needed before the water penetration is carried out, and the water penetration reinforcement is directly and quickly carried out; the calendaring finishing can ensure the smooth surface of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
2. Fiber spinning is realized by flowing and deforming a high polymer, wherein the flowing is the most basic phenomenon in the fiber forming process, and the complicated flowing phenomenon in the melt spinning process generally comprises shearing flowing in a spinneret hole and uniaxial stretching flowing of free filaments after the spinning hole, wherein the two flows not only show viscosity, but also show elasticity, solidify with the gradual cooling of the high polymer melt filaments, and the thermodynamic state is also changed continuously; the shearing viscosity of the spinning solution is in all processing processes before the high polymer fluid forms the fiber under the condition of melt spinning, and the shearing flow comprises the processes of capillary holes of a spinneret, a porous medium for melt filtration, a gear pump, a melt conveying pipeline, a screw extruder and the like; the device comprises various forms of shearing flow, such as simple flow of a spinneret orifice and a pipeline in a conveying pipe under the action of pressure difference, complex flow such as complex flow mainly based on shearing in a filter layer and the like; when the viscosity of the spinning solution is within the scope of the present invention, the fluid is capable of overcoming critical shear stress to generate newtonian flow, improving spinnability of the spinning solution, and further performing spinning flow and stabilizing fiber formation.
3. The liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric is formed by self-adhesion of the superfine fibers, the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.3-3 microns, the superfine fibers have very good specific surface area, the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric in unit volume has higher water storage efficiency and oil smoke throughput, the superfine fibers are coated with nylon materials and porous inorganic materials, the nylon materials and the porous inorganic materials are fully and uniformly mixed and melt spun, the obtained polymer superfine fibers not only have high porosity and specific surface area, but also are doped with the porous inorganic materials in the structure of the formed polymer superfine fibers; preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 6, nylon 66 or nylon 56 which are all hydrophilic fiber materials, so that the moisture in the electronic cigarette can be absorbed well; the porous inorganic material comprises a silicon dioxide porous material, a metal organic framework material, a zeolite molecular sieve material, a porous alumina material or a porous ceramic material and other hydrophilic materials, and the porous inorganic material provides a water absorption channel for the fiber to absorb water while the polymer superfine fiber is hydrophilic so as to lock water, so that good tobacco tar passing rate can be maintained between the fibers after the water is absorbed; especially, the bio-based PA56 has good mechanical properties, and the PA56 fiber has certain hygroscopicity due to the existence of hydrophilic group amide and unsaturated odd-even hydroxyl structure in the PA56, the standard moisture regain is 3.8-4.8%, and the hygroscopicity is better than PA6; the superfine fiber is prepared by mixing the porous inorganic material and the nylon material PA56, the fiber structure is provided with a porous structure, when the superfine fiber is hydrophilic and absorbs water, the porous structure of the porous inorganic material provides a water absorption channel for moisture, then the moisture and the oil are locked and pumped, the surface of the superfine fiber is in a water absorption unsaturated state, water absorption can be continued, and meanwhile, good gaps can be kept between the superfine fiber to ensure that oil and water pass through, the oil and the water have certain viscosity, and the smaller the pores are, the firmer the formed liquid film is.
4. The liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric consists of superfine fibers, wherein the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric is formed by self-adhesion of the superfine fibers, the diameter of the superfine fibers is 0.3-3 microns, when oil mist in electronic smoke enters the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric, the surfaces of nylon material fibers have certain oleophilic performance, the nylon material fibers show super oleophilic effect due to capillary effect of the micron fibers, nano-level or micron-level oil mist particles are intercepted and adsorbed when passing through gaps among the superfine fibers and are attached to the surfaces of the superfine fibers, so that instant absorption is achieved, the gradually increased oil mist particles are gathered to form oil drops, the oil drops are gathered among the superfine fibers of a superfine fiber film, the oil drops are naturally supplemented along with the consumption of tobacco tar, so that oil storage is realized in the superfine fiber film, continuous phase and continuous conduction are realized due to the infiltration of the tobacco tar, and air penetration filled in finer pores among the fibers has higher barrier pressure, so that the oil injection quantity is increased from the existing 2ml to 10ml; on the other hand, nylon material fibers have hydrophilic performance, a large number of porous structures are distributed on the nylon material fibers, and meanwhile, a large number of porous structures are arranged on the superfine nylon material fibers, and the porous structures provide water locking channels for water; when the water mist enters the superfine fiber membrane, the nylon material fiber absorbs water and is hydrophilic, and the porous inorganic material also has the functions of hydrophilic water locking and passing through water; the local small-aperture structure is realized, the aperture is not integrally reduced, and the conduction quantity of tobacco tar is more satisfied; therefore, the smog of the electronic cigarette can not pass through the electronic cigarette atomization core, and the tobacco tar passes through the electronic cigarette atomization core, so that good filtering effect and passing rate are achieved, and the problem that the atomization core is easy to leak oil when the ventilation resistance of the liquid-permeable gas-resistant non-woven fabric serving as the electronic cigarette atomization core is low can be effectively solved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
In the following examples, polyvinyl alcohol is also called PVA, nylon 6 is also called PA6, nylon 66 is also called PA66, nylon 56 is also called PA56, metal organic framework materials are also called MOFs materials, all raw materials are known commercially available products, and as a reference, relevant parameters of part of the raw materials are provided:
As will be described in the examples below,
The invention provides a preparation method of a liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric, which comprises the following specific steps:
a. 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material, 0-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0-850 parts of solvent are mixed and stirred according to mass fraction to obtain spinning solution;
b. spinning the spinning solution by a melt spinning technology or a solution spinning technology to obtain superfine fibers, wherein the superfine fibers form a superfine fiber film by self-adhesion;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in the step a, in the preparation of the spinning solution, the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are firstly subjected to melting treatment, and the melting temperature is 270-300 ℃.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution is subjected to shear viscosity control, the shear viscosity of the spinning solution being set to，
The shear viscosity of the spinning solution is related to the melting temperature:
Wherein T is the melting temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature of the spinning solution, and the range of T is 270-300 ℃; t O is the reference temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature, and the range of T O is 230-290 ℃; the shear viscosity of the spinning solution at the melting temperature T is expressed in kPa.s; /(I) The shear viscosity of the spinning solution at a reference temperature T O is expressed in units of kPa.s, the value range is 1.8-2.5, and e is the base number of natural logarithm; a is a constant, and the value of a is 0.01.
Preferably, the solvent comprises, in mass fraction: 400-680 parts of formic acid, 50-85 parts of acetic acid and 50-85 parts of acetone.
Preferably, in step a, the nylon material comprises any one of nylon 6, nylon 66 or nylon 56; the porous inorganic material comprises any one of a silica porous material, a metal organic framework material, a zeolite molecular sieve material, a porous alumina material or a porous ceramic material.
Preferably, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 100 nm.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the spinning temperature of the melt spinning machine is 270-300 ℃, and the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 320-390 ℃; placing the superfine fiber film into hot water to remove polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the temperature of the hot water is 95-100 ℃;
In the step b, the solution spinning technology comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
Preferably, in the step c, the cooling treatment includes any one of a cold air cooling treatment or a water-cooled atomized cooling treatment;
wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10-15 ℃;
The water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature less than or equal to 16 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in the step d, the water jet pressure in the water jet reinforcement process is less than or equal to 25 megapascals.
The liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric also comprises the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric obtained by any one of the preparation methods.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution comprises any one of solution a, solution B or solution C;
Wherein, the solution A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90-100 parts of nylon material and 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material, and carrying out melting treatment on the nylon material and the porous inorganic material, wherein the melting temperature is 270-300 ℃;
Solution B, comprising, in mass fraction: 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material and 500-850 parts of solvent, and dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the solvent; the solvent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 400-680 parts of formic acid, 50-85 parts of acetic acid and 50-85 parts of acetone;
Solution C, comprising, in mass fraction: 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material and 1-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to melting treatment, wherein the melting temperature is 270-300 ℃.
Example 1
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: the nylon material comprises, by mass, 100 parts of a nylon material and 1 part of a porous inorganic material.
Preferably, the nylon material is nylon 6; the porous inorganic material is a silica porous material.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, and preparing a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution is solution a, wherein the solution a comprises, in mass fraction: 100 parts of nylon material and 1 part of porous inorganic material, and carrying out melting treatment on the nylon material and the porous inorganic material, wherein the melting temperature is 260 ℃;
In this example, the shear viscosity values of the spinning solution are:
Preferably, in step a, the nylon material is nylon 6; the porous inorganic material is a silica porous material, and the particle size of the porous inorganic material is 20-100 nanometers.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 320 ℃;
preferably, in step c, the chilling treatment is a cold air chilling treatment;
Wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10 ℃;
preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure during hydroentangling consolidation is 25 mpa.
Example 2
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: the nylon material adopts 56 parts of nylon and 0.3 part of metal organic framework material according to mass fraction.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, and preparing a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution is solution a; wherein, the solution A comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the nylon material adopts 56 parts of nylon and 0.3 part of metal organic framework material, and the nylon material and the porous inorganic material are subjected to melting treatment, wherein the melting temperature is 280 ℃.
In this example, the shear viscosity values of the spinning solution are:
preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 80 nm.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 390 ℃;
preferably, in step c, the chilling treatment is a cold air chilling treatment;
Wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10 ℃;
preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 20 mpa during hydroentangling.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is that: no porous inorganic material is added.
Example 3
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: 90 parts of nylon material and 0.5 part of porous inorganic material by mass fraction.
Preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 56; the porous inorganic material comprises a metal organic framework material;
the microfiber further comprises: formic acid, acetic acid and acetone.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. After uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and a solvent to prepare a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a solution spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution is solution B;
Wherein, the solution B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90 parts of nylon material, 0.5 part of porous inorganic material and 500 parts of solvent, and dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the solvent;
preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 80 nm.
Preferably, in step a, the solvent comprises 400 parts of formic acid, 50 parts of acetic acid and 50 parts of acetone by mass fraction.
Preferably, in step b, the solution spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
Preferably, in the step c, the cooling treatment adopts water-cooling atomization cooling treatment;
The water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature of 10 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 25 mpa during hydroentangling.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 3 is that: no porous inorganic material is added.
Example 4
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: 96 parts of nylon material and 0.8 part of porous inorganic material by mass fraction.
Preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 66; the porous inorganic material includes a porous alumina material;
the microfiber further comprises: formic acid, acetic acid and acetone.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. After uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and a solvent to prepare a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a solution spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution comprises a solution B comprising, in mass fraction: 96 parts of nylon material, 0.8 part of porous inorganic material and 850 parts of solvent, and dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the solvent;
preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 80 nm.
Preferably, in step a, the solvent comprises, in mass fraction: 680 parts of formic acid, 85 parts of acetic acid and 85 parts of acetone.
Preferably, in step b, the solution spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
Preferably, in step c, the chilling treatment comprises a water-cooled atomized chilling treatment;
the water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature of 12 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 25 mpa during hydroentangling.
Example 5
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: 90 parts of nylon material and 1 part of porous inorganic material.
Preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 56; the porous inorganic material includes a silica porous material;
the microfiber further comprises: formic acid, acetic acid and acetone.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. After uniformly mixing a nylon material and a porous inorganic material, dissolving the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and a solvent to prepare a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a solution spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution comprises solution B;
Wherein, the solution B comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90 parts of nylon material, 1 part of porous inorganic material and 700 parts of solvent, and the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the solvent are subjected to dissolution treatment.
Preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 100 nm.
Preferably, in step a, the solvent comprises, in mass fraction: 560 parts of formic acid, 70 parts of acetic acid and 70 parts of acetone.
Preferably, in step b, the solution spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
Preferably, in step c, the chilling treatment comprises a water-cooled atomized chilling treatment;
the water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature of 15 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 25 mpa during hydroentangling.
Example 6
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: the nylon material 98, the porous inorganic material 1 and the polyvinyl alcohol 10 are calculated according to mass fraction.
Preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 6; the porous inorganic material includes a silica porous material.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. uniformly mixing a nylon material, a porous inorganic material and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution comprises solution C;
Wherein, the solution C comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98 parts of nylon material, 1 part of porous inorganic material and 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to melting treatment, wherein the melting temperature is 300 ℃.
In this example, the shear viscosity values of the spinning solution are:
preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 80 nm.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 360 ℃;
The ultra-fine fiber film was put into hot water at a temperature of 100 c to perform a polyvinyl alcohol removal treatment. And after the polyvinyl alcohol removal treatment, the polyvinyl alcohol is removed by water dissolution, and the surface of the superfine fiber film is porous.
Preferably, in step c, the cooling treatment comprises a cold air cooling treatment;
Wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10 ℃;
The water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature less than or equal to 16 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 25 mpa during hydroentangling.
Example 7
A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric, comprising ultrafine fibers comprising: 100 parts of nylon material, 0.5 part of porous inorganic material and 7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the nylon material comprises nylon 56; the porous inorganic material comprises a metal organic framework material.
The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric comprises the following specific steps:
a. uniformly mixing a nylon material, a porous inorganic material and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare a spinning solution;
b. Placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning technology, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. and sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric.
Preferably, in step a, the spinning solution comprises solution C; solution C, comprising, in mass fraction: 100 parts of nylon material, 0.5 part of porous inorganic material and 7 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to melting treatment, wherein the melting temperature is 270 ℃.
In this example, the shear viscosity values of the spinning solution are:
Preferably, in step a, the porous inorganic material has a particle size of 20 to 100 nm.
Preferably, in step b, the melt spinning technique comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 390 ℃;
The ultra-fine fiber film was put into hot water at a temperature of 95 c to perform a polyvinyl alcohol removal treatment.
Preferably, in step c, the chilling treatment comprises a water-cooled atomized chilling treatment;
the water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature less than or equal to 10 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
Preferably, in step d, the hydroentangling pressure is 23 mpa during hydroentangling.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 7 is that: no polyvinyl alcohol was added.
Test case
Measuring and calculating the fiber diameter of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric through an electron Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image;
according to the execution of the national standard GB/T4669-2008, carrying out gram weight test on the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
the method is implemented according to the national standard ISO 13934-1, and the tensile breaking strength test is carried out on the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
According to the national standard GB 2626-2006, the ventilation resistance test is carried out on the liquid-permeable and gas-resistant non-woven fabric in the oil storage state;
the liquid-permeable and gas-impermeable nonwoven fabrics prepared in the above 7 examples were tested with the liquid-permeable and gas-impermeable nonwoven fabrics prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the test results were compared as shown in the following table one:
Table one results of performance test
From the above test, in examples 1-2 and comparative example 1, the spinning solution was prepared by melting means, and the micron-sized fibers were obtained by using the melt spinning technique, and the fibers obtained in example 2 had a water absorption of 14g/g and an oil storage of 12g/g, and in the above comparison, the technical effect obtained in example 2 was better when the air permeation resistance was 1000Pa or more in both examples 1-2 and comparative example 1; comparative example 2 differs from example 3 in that: the porous inorganic material is replaced by nylon material, namely, 0.5 part of nylon material is continuously added without adding the porous inorganic material, the fiber diameter is similar, the water absorption capacity of the example 3 is 15g/g, the oil storage capacity is 10g/g, and the method is superior to the comparative example 2; comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that no porous inorganic material is added, and comparative example 2 differs from example 3 in that no porous inorganic material is added, the porous inorganic material having a main function of increasing the hydrophilic property and the liquid storage property;
The fiber diameters of the example 4 and the example 5 are smaller, the water absorption and oil storage amount of the fiber are higher, the gram weight of the fiber is smaller, the example 6, the example 7 and the comparative example 3 are mainly different from each other in nylon selection, and the water absorption and oil storage amount of the fiber are higher than those of the comparative example 3 under the condition that the tensile breaking strength of the example 7 is kept to be a certain value, and the water absorption and oil storage amount of the example 7 are higher than those of the comparative example 3; the difference between comparative example 3 and example 7 is that the addition of polyvinyl alcohol in example 7 increases the hydrophilicity and the fiber forming property of the nonwoven fabric fiber, so that the fiber length is increased, the fineness is finer, the fineness of the superfine fiber is finer, the microscopic capillary effect is more obvious, the wettability of the nonwoven fabric is better, and the macroscopic hydrophilic and lipophilic properties are better;
in the above examples and comparative examples, the smaller the water contact angle, the better the hydrophilic property, the faster the water absorption; as the diameter of the fiber is reduced, the air permeability resistance is increased; the physical properties of the PA56, the PA66 and the PA6 show that the density of the bio-based PA56 is 1.12-1.14 g/cm 3, and the bio-based PA56 has good mechanical properties, and the PA56 fiber has certain hygroscopicity due to the existence of hydrophilic group amide and unsaturated odd-even hydroxyl structure in the PA56, the standard moisture regain is 3.8-4.8%, the hygroscopicity is superior to the PA6, the thermal stability of the PA56 granules is between the PA6 and the PA66, the vitrification temperature is 46 ℃, the melting point is 254 ℃, the mechanical properties of the formed fiber are good, the water absorption and the oil storage capacity are high, and the throughput of tobacco tar after suction is correspondingly improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
a. 90-100 parts of nylon material, 0.1-1 part of porous inorganic material, 0-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 0-850 parts of solvent are mixed and stirred according to mass fraction to obtain spinning solution;
b. spinning the spinning solution by a melt spinning technology or a solution spinning technology to obtain superfine fibers, wherein the superfine fibers form a superfine fiber film by self-adhesion;
c. Carrying out cooling treatment on the superfine fiber film to obtain a prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
d. Sequentially carrying out water jet reinforcement, calendaring finishing and rolling on the prefabricated liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric to obtain the liquid-permeable gas-barrier non-woven fabric;
in the step a, in the preparation of spinning solution, firstly, the nylon material, the porous inorganic material and the polyvinyl alcohol are subjected to melting treatment, wherein the melting temperature is 270-300 ℃;
in step a, the spinning solution is subjected to shear viscosity control, and the shear viscosity of the spinning solution is set to be ，
The shear viscosity of the spinning solution is related to the melting temperature:
；
Wherein T is the melting temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature of the spinning solution, and the range of T is 270-300 ℃; t O is the reference temperature of the spinning solution, the unit is the temperature, and the range of T O is 230-290 ℃; the shear viscosity of the spinning solution at the melting temperature T is expressed in kPa.s; /(I) The shear viscosity of the spinning solution at a reference temperature T O is expressed in units of kPa.s, the value range is 1.8-2.5, and e is the base number of natural logarithm; a is a constant, and the value of a is 0.01;
The solvent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 400-680 parts of formic acid, 50-85 parts of acetic acid and 50-85 parts of acetone;
in step a, the nylon material comprises nylon 56; the porous inorganic material comprises any one of a silica porous material, a metal organic framework material, a zeolite molecular sieve material, a porous alumina material or a porous ceramic material;
In the step c, the cooling treatment comprises any one of cold air cooling treatment or water-cooling atomization cooling treatment;
wherein the cold air in the cold air chilling treatment is 10-15 ℃;
The water-cooling atomization cooling treatment specifically comprises the steps of atomizing water with the water temperature less than or equal to 16 ℃ and then cooling the superfine fiber membrane.
2. The method for producing a liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, wherein the porous inorganic material has a particle diameter of 20 to 100 nm.
3. The method for producing a liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that,
In the step b, the melt spinning technology comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by a melt spinning machine, extruding the spinning solution from a spinning hole of the spinning die, and drawing the spinning solution onto a receiving die by hot air to obtain a superfine fiber film; wherein the spinning temperature of the melt spinning machine is 270-300 ℃, and the hot air temperature of hot air drafting is 320-390 ℃; placing the superfine fiber film into hot water to remove polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the temperature of the hot water is 95-100 ℃;
In the step b, the solution spinning technology comprises the following specific steps: placing the spinning solution in a spinning die, spinning by an electrostatic spinning machine, and obtaining a superfine fiber film on a receiving die; wherein, the voltage of the electrostatic spinning is 110kV.
4. The method for producing a liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that,
In the step d, the water needling pressure is less than or equal to 25 megapascals in the water needling reinforcement process.
5. A liquid-permeable, gas-barrier nonwoven fabric obtained by the production process according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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