CN117802363B - High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117802363B CN117802363B CN202410024048.XA CN202410024048A CN117802363B CN 117802363 B CN117802363 B CN 117802363B CN 202410024048 A CN202410024048 A CN 202410024048A CN 117802363 B CN117802363 B CN 117802363B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 256
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 15
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001278 Sr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[P] Chemical compound [AlH3].[P] URRHWTYOQNLUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum strontium Chemical compound [Al].[Sr] YNDGDLJDSBUSEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 aluminum-manganese Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/32—Controlling equipment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of aluminum alloys and preparation thereof; the aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: i,0.01-0.05% Sr, 0.005% 0.015% P, fe i,0.01-0.05% Sr,0.005-0.015% P, fe the content of (2) is not more than 0.25%, the balance A l and impurities. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid, deslagging, removing hydrogen, and vacuum die casting. According to the invention, through scientific design of the composition and preparation process of the die-casting aluminum alloy, coarse alpha-Al grains, primary crystals and eutectic S i phases are thinned, the purity and casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy liquid are improved, the harm of hydrogen pores and inclusions to strength and plasticity is eliminated, the strength and plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy are improved, the tensile strength is not lower than 320MPa, the yield strength is not lower than 260MPa, the elongation after breaking is not lower than 10%, and the integral die-casting requirement of large complex thin-wall aluminum alloy parts is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy and preparation thereof, in particular to a heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The die casting is a precision casting molding technology for obtaining aluminum alloy parts by forcing aluminum alloy liquid into a metal mold with a complex shape by high pressure, and is widely applied to the molding of automobile parts. Along with the rapid development of new energy automobiles, new energy automobile enterprises start to develop aluminum alloy part integrated die casting technology, a plurality of aluminum alloy die casting parts on a white automobile body are integrated together for vacuum die casting forming, the process is simplified and simplified, the production cost can be greatly reduced, and the production efficiency, the automobile manufacturing precision, the safety performance and the light-weight effect of the new energy automobiles are improved. The conventional vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy parts are required to be heat-treated to improve the strength of the parts. The new energy automobile has higher requirement on the dimensional accuracy of the integrated die-casting large-sized aluminum alloy parts, the heat treatment process easily causes the dimensional deformation and surface defects of the aluminum alloy parts, the correction process can improve certain dimensional accuracy, but the yield can be reduced, the cost is increased sharply, and the development of the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy material becomes the key of the large-sized integrated die-casting aluminum alloy parts.
The invention patent with publication number of CN116716523A describes a heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, the invention patent with publication number of CN114908275A describes a heat-treatment-free high-strength and toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and application thereof, and the invention patent with publication number of CN115961183A describes a heat-treatment-free high-strength and toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, a preparation method and a product thereof, which still has one or more of the following problems from the viewpoints of production practice and literature materials: firstly, the overall comprehensive mechanical properties of the die-casting aluminum alloy are still low, secondly, the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy is low, thirdly, the flow of the die-casting aluminum alloy is insufficient, and thirdly, the components of the die-casting aluminum alloy are complex and the content is high, so that the production cost is high. The existing heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy still has difficulty in meeting the integral die-casting requirement of large complex thin-wall aluminum alloy parts. Therefore, the existing heat-treatment-free die-casting aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof still need to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy free of heat treatment and the preparation method thereof are provided, the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy are improved through scientific design of the composition and the preparation process of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the requirement of integrated die-casting of large complex thin-wall aluminum alloy parts is met.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises ：Si(9.5-12.5％),Mg(0.3-0.6％),Cu(0.5-1.5％),Mn(0.2-0.5％),Ti(0.1-0.2％),Sr(0.01-0.05％),P(0.005-0.015％),Fe mass percent of components with the content not exceeding 0.25 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; the content of single element in other impurities is not higher than 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is not higher than 0.15%.
Si is a main alloying element of the die-casting aluminum alloy, the casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy can be improved in the die-casting aluminum alloy, meanwhile, a Mg 2 Si reinforcing phase can be formed with Mg to obviously enhance the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy, the higher the content of Si is, the better the fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy is, the higher the strength is, but the higher the content of Si is, the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy is also reduced. Preferably, the Si content is 9.5-12.5%.
Mg and Cu are important strengthening elements of the die-casting aluminum alloy, mg and Si can form a Mg 2 Si strengthening phase to remarkably strengthen the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and Cu and Al can form an Al 2 Cu strengthening phase to remarkably strengthen the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy. The higher the Mg and Cu contents, the higher the strength of the die-cast aluminum alloy, but too high Mg and Cu contents also reduce the plasticity of the die-cast aluminum alloy. Preferably, the Mg content is 0.3-0.6% and the Cu content is 0.5-1.5%.
Mn has the effect of enhancing the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy, can form a multi-element compound with the impurity element Fe, and eliminates the harm of the impurity element Fe to the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy. Preferably, the Mn content is 0.2-0.5%.
Ti is added into the die-casting aluminum alloy in the form of aluminum-titanium alloy, and has the main functions of thinning coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains, improving the casting fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy, improving the uniformity of the structural components of the die-casting aluminum alloy and improving the strength and plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy. The Ti content is too low, and the grain refinement effect is not obvious. However, too high Ti content will not significantly improve the grain refining effect, but will increase the production cost of die-casting aluminum alloy. Preferably, the Ti content is 0.08-0.12%.
Sr is added into die-casting aluminum alloy in the form of aluminum-strontium alloy, and the main function is to refine and modify eutectic Si phase. The eutectic Si phase is generally distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix in a coarse flake shape in the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the coarse flake-shaped eutectic Si phase not only reduces the fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy, but also severely breaks the aluminum alloy matrix, thereby being an important cause for low strength, particularly low plasticity, of the die-casting aluminum alloy. 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Sr is added, so that the form of eutectic Si in the die-casting aluminum alloy is changed from coarse flaky to fine and uniform granular or fibrous forms, and the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy can be obviously improved.
P is added into die casting aluminum alloy in the form of aluminum-phosphorus alloy, and has the main function of refining and modifying primary crystal Si phase. The primary crystal Si phase is generally distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix in the form of coarse blocky blocks in the die-casting aluminum alloy, and the coarse blocky eutectic Si phase not only can reduce the fluidity of the die-casting aluminum alloy, but also can severely fracture the aluminum alloy matrix, so that the primary crystal Si phase is an important cause of low strength, particularly low plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy. By adding 0.005-0.015% of P, the form of primary crystal Si in the die-casting aluminum alloy is changed from coarse block shape to fine uniform particle shape or fiber shape, and the strength and plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy can be obviously improved.
Fe is an inevitable impurity element in die-cast aluminum alloys, and is generally distributed in the aluminum alloy matrix in the form of a coarse acicular Fe-rich phase, which severely cracks the aluminum alloy matrix, and is an important cause of lower strength, particularly lower plasticity, of die-cast aluminum alloys. Therefore, the content of Fe as an impurity element must be strictly controlled so that the content of Fe is not more than 0.25%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy prepares the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, and comprises the following steps of:
s1: smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700-730 ℃;
S2: argon is used as a carrier, a current carrying refining agent is used for carrying out deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a blowing refining mode, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed;
S3: introducing mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode to perform dehydrogenation treatment;
S4: and (3) carrying out vacuum die casting on the aluminum alloy liquid to obtain the aluminum alloy, thereby obtaining the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die casting aluminum alloy.
Further, in the step S1, raw materials for providing corresponding elements can be selected from pure aluminum ingots, pure magnesium ingots, aluminum-silicon alloys, aluminum-copper alloys, aluminum-manganese alloys, aluminum-titanium alloys, aluminum-strontium alloys and aluminum-phosphorus alloys, and after calculation and weighing, the raw materials are placed into a smelting furnace to be heated and melted into aluminum alloy liquid, and then the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is raised to 700-730 ℃, so that the temperature range can ensure higher fluidity of the aluminum alloy liquid, and oxidation damage of the aluminum alloy liquid due to overhigh temperature can be reduced, and the purpose of reducing oxidation burning loss of the aluminum alloy liquid is achieved.
The impurities in the aluminum alloy liquid are mainly aluminum oxide, mainly derived from aluminum oxide films on the surfaces of raw materials such as aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots and alloys, and aluminum oxide generated by oxidizing the aluminum alloy liquid in the smelting process, and other impurities also comprise combustion products of non-aluminum materials, slag from a furnace lining, and the like. If the inclusions remain in the die-casting aluminum alloy, the inclusions form loose, the aluminum matrix is cracked, the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy is broken, stress concentration is locally generated, the die-casting aluminum alloy becomes a crack source and a crack propagation direction of fracture, and finally the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy are reduced.
Further, in step S2, the purity of the argon is not lower than 99.99% to prevent other gases from reacting with elements in the aluminum alloy liquid to form compounds; namely, in order to obtain a better deslagging effect, and simultaneously, the aluminum alloy liquid does not cause hydrogen absorption, oxidation or other chemical reactions, and argon with high purity is required to be selected as carrier gas. It should be noted that argon does not react with the aluminum alloy liquid and does not cause aluminum nitride to be mixed in the aluminum alloy liquid, so that aluminum slag containing aluminum nitride is not generated, compared with conventionally used nitrogen.
Further, the consumption of the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, and the blowing refining time is 10-20min, so that the refining slag removal effect is ensured, and the production cost is reduced; specifically, argon is used as a carrier gas carrier refining agent to refine the aluminum alloy liquid, the consumption of the refining agent cannot be too small, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid cannot be too low during refining, the refining time cannot be too short, and the deslagging effect is not ideal. The amount of the refining agent is not too large, the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid during refining is not too high, the refining time is not too long, and if not, the oxidation and hydrogen absorption of the aluminum alloy liquid are increased, and the production cost is increased.
Further, in the step S3, the purity of the argon is not lower than 99.99%, the purity of the chlorine is not lower than 99.99%, and the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 10-15%; the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1-2m 3/min, and the hydrogen removal time is 10-20min. Specifically, the gas in the aluminum alloy liquid is mainly hydrogen, and mainly comes from the reaction of the aluminum alloy liquid and water vapor in the smelting process, including the water vapor contained in the air, the water brought by furnace burden and fuel gas, and the like. The hydrogen content of the aluminum alloy liquid is usually 0.3-0.5mL/100gAl before degassing. Hydrogen is mainly distributed in an aluminum alloy liquid in an atomic or ionic state in gaps among aluminum atoms, and a small amount of hydrogen is suspended in the aluminum alloy liquid in a molecular bubble form. The solubility of hydrogen in aluminum alloy liquid gradually decreases with decreasing temperature. The solubility of hydrogen in solid aluminum is very low, and a large number of hydrogen atoms gradually enrich, nucleate and grow up among crystals in the solidification process of aluminum alloy liquid, and finally expand to form hydrogen pores. The step S3 can effectively perform dehydrogenation treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid, so that a large amount of hydrogen is separated out, hydrogen is prevented from remaining in the die-casting aluminum alloy to form hydrogen holes, the density of the die-casting aluminum alloy is improved, a hydrogen Kong Gelie aluminum matrix is prevented, and the tissue continuity of the aluminum alloy is damaged; the local stress concentration is avoided, and the stress is prevented from becoming a crack source and a crack propagation direction of the die-casting aluminum alloy fracture; finally, the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy are improved and ensured. In addition, the chlorine is added into the mixed gas, and the hydrogen atoms in the aluminum alloy liquid are easy to combine and take away the hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid due to the active nature of the chlorine, so that the hydrogen removal effect can be obviously improved, and the higher the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is, the better the hydrogen removal effect is.
Further, in step S3, hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid is removed in a bubbling mode, on one hand, the aluminum alloy liquid is stirred when bubbles float upwards, so that dead angles of hydrogen removal of the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace are avoided, and the hydrogen removal efficiency of the aluminum alloy liquid is improved. The structure for realizing bubbling can be characterized in that a plurality of porous air bricks are arranged at the bottom of a melting furnace, then mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine is introduced into aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air bricks, the mixed gas is decomposed into tiny and uniform small bubbles after passing through the porous air bricks, the small bubbles capture hydrogen in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and then the aluminum alloy liquid is brought out by floating, so that the degassing effect is realized. A plurality of porous air bricks are uniformly arranged, and the air bricks are added to decompose the mixed gas into tiny and uniform small bubbles, so that the bubbles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy liquid.
Further, in the step S4, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690-700 ℃, the die temperature is 350-400 ℃, the vacuum degree is 400-500mbar, the filling speed is 30-40m/S, the pressurizing pressure is 1000-1500bar, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10S during vacuum die casting; through the vacuum die casting of the parameters, the die casting aluminum alloy with compact structure and complete filling type and high strength and toughness can be obtained, and meanwhile, the obtained die casting aluminum alloy has the performance of high strength and high plasticity.
Further, in step S2, the refining agent used in the blowing refining is powder with the grain diameter not more than 2mm, and consists of the following components in percentage by mass ：45.1％ZnCl2,25.3％K2CO3,7.6％NaNO3,11.5％KF,6.3％K2SO4,4.2％Li2SO4.
Further, the refining agent can be prepared simultaneously when preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, and can also be prepared in advance and stored for use when preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy; the preparation of the refining agent comprises the following steps:
A1: the raw materials are proportioned according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent;
a2: heating and melting raw materials under the protection of argon, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into a refining agent block;
a3: and (3) crushing the refining agent blocks into powder to obtain the refining agent.
Further, the purity of the raw material in the step A1 is not less than 99.8%; the purity of the argon in the step A2 is not lower than 99.99 percent.
The deslagging effect of the aluminum alloy liquid is closely related to the component composition and the preparation method of the refining agent besides the refining process. The existing commercial refining agent is mainly prepared by directly crushing and mixing raw materials such as sodium salt, fluoride salt, chloride salt and hexachloroethane, and the components of the refining agent are mutually independent, so that the refining agent has high melting point and low deslagging efficiency, and even if a large amount of refining agent is used, high-purity aluminum alloy liquid cannot be obtained. In order to improve the refining effect, the invention obtains the refining agent through a large amount of experimental research and study, the refining agent takes ZnCl 2 and K 2CO3 as main components, and is matched with a small amount of NaNO 3、KF、K2SO4 and Li 2SO4, Meanwhile, the traditional mechanical mixing preparation method is broken through, the raw materials are heated and melted at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon, then cooled, solidified and crushed into a powdery refining agent, the melting point of ZnCl2 is about 290 ℃, the melting point of NaNO 3 is 306.8 ℃, the melting point of K 2CO3 is 891 ℃, the melting point of KF is 858 ℃, the melting point of K 2SO4 is 1069 ℃, Li 2SO4 has a melting point of 859 ℃, while K 2CO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 has a higher melting point, K 2CO3 and KF form KF.K 2CO3 eutectic with a melting point of only 688 ℃ by melting and solidifying crystallization, k 2SO4 and Li 2SO4 form a K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic with the melting point of 716 ℃ only, so that the melting point of the refining agent is greatly reduced, the refining agent is easier to melt in aluminum alloy liquid, znCl 2 is decomposed into Cl 2,K2CO3, CO 2,NaNO3 is decomposed into N 2、CO2 and NO gas, A large number of bubbles capture inclusions in the aluminum alloy liquid in the floating process, and the slag removal effect is achieved efficiently. The K 2SO4·Li2SO4 eutectic is melted into liquid molten salt, has good wetting spheroidization effect on impurities such as alumina, promotes the separation of the impurities and aluminum alloy liquid, and can further improve the deslagging efficiency. In addition, the refining agent does not contain sodium salt and hexachloroethane, only contains a small amount of fluoride salt, and is more environment-friendly to use.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the invention, through scientific design of the composition and preparation process of the die-casting aluminum alloy, coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains and coarse flaky eutectic Si phases are thinned, the purity and casting fluidity of the aluminum alloy liquid are improved, the harm of the coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains, the coarse flaky eutectic Si phases, hydrogen pores and inclusions to the strength and plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy is eliminated, the strength and plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy are greatly improved, the tensile strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is not lower than 320MPa, the yield strength is not lower than 260MPa, the elongation after breaking is not lower than 10%, and compared with the die-casting aluminum alloy of the same type, the strength of the die-casting aluminum alloy is improved by more than 10%, and the plasticity is improved by more than 50%.
Drawings
The invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a microstructure of a heat-treated high strength and toughness die cast aluminum alloy of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a heat-treated high strength and toughness die cast aluminum alloy of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a heat-treated high strength and toughness die cast aluminum alloy of example 3.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a heat-treated high strength and toughness die cast aluminum alloy of example 4.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in a method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same or equivalent purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, each feature is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si (10.7%), mg (0.45%), cu (0.92%), mn (0.41%), ti (0.16%), sr (0.031%), P (0.0085%), fe with a proportion of not more than 0.25%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities, in which the proportion of individual elements is not more than 0.05%, the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed in the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 710 ℃;
S2: argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is taken as a carrier and carries a refining agent accounting for 0.15 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, slag removal treatment is carried out on the aluminum alloy liquid for 16min in a blowing refining way, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed;
S3: the bottom of the melting furnace is uniformly provided with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace, mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 15min for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 12%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1.6m 3/min;
S4: the aluminum alloy liquid is vacuum-cast into aluminum alloy under the conditions of 695 ℃ of casting temperature, 380 ℃ of die temperature, 450mbar of vacuum degree, 36m/s of filling speed, 1200bar of pressurizing pressure and 7s of pressure maintaining time.
Example 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si (11.84%), mg (0.54%), cu (1.14%), mn (0.36%), ti (0.17%), sr (0.035%), P (0.013%), fe with a ratio of not more than 0.25%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities, in which the ratio of individual elements is not more than 0.05%, the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed in the embodiment 2, comprising the following steps:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 720 ℃;
S2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 10min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
S3: the bottom of the melting furnace is uniformly provided with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace, mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 20min for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 15%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 2m 3/min;
S4: the aluminum alloy liquid is vacuum-die-cast into aluminum alloy under the conditions of the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid being 700 ℃, the die temperature being 350 ℃, the vacuum degree being 500mbar, the filling speed being 30m/s, the pressurizing pressure being 1500bar and the dwell time being 5 s.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 3, the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si (9.5%), mg (0.6%), cu (1.5%), mn (0.2%), ti (0.2%), sr (0.01%), P (0.015%), fe with a proportion of not more than 0.25%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities, in which the proportion of individual elements is not more than 0.05%, the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed in the embodiment 3, comprising the following steps:
S1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and mass percent of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 730 ℃;
S2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.2 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 20min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
s3: the bottom of the melting furnace is uniformly provided with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace, mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 10min for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 10%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1m 3/min;
S4: the aluminum alloy liquid is vacuum-die-cast into aluminum alloy under the conditions that the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690 ℃, the die temperature is 400 ℃, the vacuum degree is 500mbar, the filling speed is 40m/s, the pressurizing pressure is 1000bar and the pressure maintaining time is 10 s.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 4, the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si (12.5%), mg (0.3%), cu (0.5%), mn (0.5%), ti (0.1%), sr (0.05%), P (0.005%), fe with a ratio of not more than 0.25%, the balance being Al and unavoidable other impurities, in which the single element is not more than 0.05%, the total amount is not more than 0.15%.
A method for preparing an aluminum alloy, preparing the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy disclosed in the embodiment 4, comprising the following steps:
s1: smelting the aluminum alloy into aluminum alloy liquid in a smelting furnace according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700 ℃;
S2: taking argon with the purity of 99.99 percent as a carrier and carrying a refining agent accounting for 0.1 percent of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, carrying out slag removal treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid by blowing and refining for 10min, and then removing scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid;
S3: the bottom of the melting furnace is uniformly provided with air bricks, the air bricks are used for bubbling into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace, mixed gas consisting of argon with the purity of 99.99% and chlorine with the purity of 99.99% is introduced into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode for 20min for dehydrogenation treatment, the volume percentage of the chlorine in the mixed gas is 15%, and the flow rate of the mixed gas is 2m 3/min;
S4: the aluminum alloy liquid was vacuum die cast into an aluminum alloy at 692 deg.c, die temperature 370 deg.c, vacuum degree 420mbar, filling rate 33m/s, boost pressure 1400bar and dwell time 8 s.
Example 5
Any one of examples 1 to 4 proposes a powdery refining agent having a particle diameter of not more than 2mm, as the refining agent used in any one of examples 1 to 4, a method for preparing the refining agent from ：45.1％ZnCl2,25.3％K2CO3,7.6％NaNO3,11.5％KF,6.3％K2SO4,4.2％Li2SO4. components in the following mass percent: the method comprises the following steps:
A1: znCl 2、K2CO3、NaNO3、KF、K2SO4、Li2SO4 with the purity of 99.8 percent is selected as a raw material to be mixed according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent;
A2: heating and melting raw materials at 1150 ℃ under the protection of argon with the purity of 99.99 percent, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into refining agent blocks;
a3: and (3) crushing the refining agent blocks into powder with the particle size not more than 2mm to obtain the refining agent.
Example 6
This example provides some comparative examples that can be compared to those disclosed in examples 1-5; the method comprises the following steps:
Comparative example 1, a die-cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The preparation process parameters of the die-cast aluminum alloy are the same as those of the example 1, except that no aluminum-titanium alloy is added to the aluminum alloy, namely the aluminum alloy disclosed in the comparative example 1 does not contain Ti; specifically, the aluminum alloy in this comparative example consists of the following components in percentage by mass: si (10.7%), mg (0.45%), cu (0.92%), mn (0.41%), sr (0.031%), P (0.0085%), fe with a proportion of not more than 0.25%, the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein the single content of other impurities is not more than 0.05%, and the total content is not more than 0.15%.
Comparative example 2, a die-cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The composition of the components of the die-cast aluminum alloy and the preparation process parameters thereof are the same as those of the embodiment 2, except that in the preparation method for preparing the aluminum alloy in the comparative example 2, the refining agent used in the step S2 is a commercially available refining agent commonly used at present, namely, the refining agent consists of ：26.1％NaCl,10.6％Na2SiF6,17.1％Na2SO4,6.9％CaF2,9.3％C6Cl6,14.3％Na2S2O3 mass percent of the components and 15.7 mass percent of NaF, and the preparation method of the refining agent is that the raw materials are directly crushed into powder with the particle size of not more than 2mm and then mixed.
Comparative example 3, a die-cast aluminum alloy is provided, specifically as follows.
The composition of the components of the die-cast aluminum alloy and the production process parameters thereof were the same as in example 3 except that in the production method for producing the aluminum alloy in comparative example 3, step S3 was not performed by introducing a mixed gas composed of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in the furnace through the air brick for the dehydrogenation treatment.
Comparative analyses were performed on the disclosures of examples 1-5 and the comparative examples disclosed in example 6. Examples 1-4 were identified as follows.
Verification example 1
Melting points of the refining agent disclosed in example 5 (refining agent-example 5) and the refining agent used in comparative example 2 (refining agent-comparative example 2) were measured using an OXFORD-DSC500 type differential scanning calorimeter, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: melting point contrast of refining agent
| Refining agent-example 5 | Refining agent-comparative example 2 | |
| Melting initiation temperature/. Degree.C | 290 | 564 |
| Melting end temperature/. Degree.C | 716 | 1249 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the melting start temperature of the refining agent-example 5 was 290℃and the melting end temperature was only 716 ℃. The melting start temperature of the refining agent-comparative example 2 was 564℃and the melting end temperature was 1249 ℃. As can be seen by comparison, the refining agent developed by the invention has lower melting initial temperature and melting end temperature, which shows that the refining agent developed by the invention is easier to be melted in aluminum alloy liquid, thereby being beneficial to improving the deslagging effect.
Verification example 2
The hydrogen content and the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquids before die casting of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured in situ using an HDA-V hydrogen meter and an Analyze PoDFA slag meter, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: comparing the hydrogen content with the slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid
| Hydrogen content/(ml/100 gAl) | Slag content/(mm 2/kg) | |
| Example 1 | 0.085 | 0.065 |
| Example 2 | 0.092 | 0.078 |
| Example 3 | 0.079 | 0.071 |
| Example 4 | 0.089 | 0.073 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.084 | 0.067 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.093 | 0.152 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.168 | 0.079 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the aluminum alloy liquids of examples 1 to 4 had a hydrogen content of less than 0.1ml/100gAl and a slag content of less than 0.08mm 2/kgAl. In comparative example 2, the conventional commercial refining agent was used for in-furnace blowing refining, and in comparative example 3, argon and chlorine were not introduced through the bottom air brick for dehydrogenation, so that the gas slag content of the aluminum alloy liquid before die casting was higher than that of the aluminum alloy liquid before die casting in the examples. As can be seen by comparison, the cleanliness of the die-casting aluminum alloy can be greatly improved by adopting the method.
Verification example 3
The aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4 and the aluminum alloys obtained in comparative examples 1 to 4 were sampled, room temperature stretching was performed on an electronic tensile tester at a stretching rate of 2mm/min, and the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after break of the die-cast aluminum alloys were examined, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: room temperature tensile mechanical properties of die cast aluminum alloys
| Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation after break/% | |
| Example 1 | 344.6 | 286.8 | 10.6 |
| Example 2 | 337.8 | 279.4 | 11.2 |
| Example 3 | 355.6 | 294.7 | 10.3 |
| Example 4 | 321.5 | 260.7 | 11.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 324.6 | 259.5 | 6.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 307.9 | 250.6 | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 321.8 | 259.4 | 6.3 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the die-cast aluminum alloys of examples 1 to 4 had tensile strengths of not less than 320MPa, yield strengths of not less than 260MPa, and elongations after breaking of not less than 10%. Comparative example 1, in which no aluminum-titanium alloy was added for grain refinement treatment, comparative example 2, in which a conventional commercial refining agent was used for slag removal treatment, and comparative example 3, in which no furnace bottom air brick was used for dehydrogenation, resulted in die-cast aluminum alloys having lower strength and plasticity. As can be seen by comparison, the invention refines coarse alpha-Al grains, primary crystals and eutectic Si phases by scientifically designing the composition and the preparation process of the die-casting aluminum alloy, improves the purity of aluminum alloy liquid, eliminates the harm of coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains, coarse primary crystals and eutectic Si phases, hydrogen pores and inclusions to the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy, and can greatly improve the strength and the plasticity of the die-casting aluminum alloy.
Verification example 4
Samples were taken from the die-cast aluminum alloy of examples 1 to 4, and after grinding, polishing and etching, the samples were observed on a LEIKA-1800 metallographic microscope, FIG. 1 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy of example 1, FIG. 2 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy of example 2, FIG. 3 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy of example 3, and FIG. 4 is a 100-fold enlarged microstructure of the die-cast aluminum alloy of example 4. As can be seen from FIGS. 1-4, the die cast aluminum alloy of the present invention has fine alpha-Al grains and eutectic Si phases, and coarse dendritic alpha-Al grains and coarse flaky eutectic Si phases are not seen.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the aluminum alloy comprises ：Si(9.5-12.5％),Mg(0.3-0.6％),Cu(0.5-1.5％),Mn(0.2-0.5％),Ti(0.1-0.2％),Sr(0.01-0.05％),P(0.005-0.015％),Fe mass percent of components with the content not exceeding 0.25 percent, and the balance of Al and unavoidable impurities; the content of single elements in other impurities is not higher than 0.05%, and the total content of other impurities is not higher than 0.15%, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: smelting to prepare aluminum alloy liquid according to the component composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, and raising the temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid to 700-730 ℃;
S2: argon is used as a carrier, a current carrying refining agent is used for carrying out deslagging treatment on the aluminum alloy liquid in a blowing refining mode, and then scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid is removed;
S3: introducing mixed gas consisting of argon and chlorine into the aluminum alloy liquid in a bubbling mode to perform dehydrogenation treatment;
S4: vacuum die casting the aluminum alloy liquid into aluminum alloy to obtain the heat-treatment-free high-strength and high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy;
In the step S2, the consumption of the refining agent accounts for 0.1-0.2% of the weight of the aluminum alloy liquid, the refining agent is powder with the grain diameter not more than 2mm, and the refining agent consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 45.1% ZnCl 2, 25.3% K 2CO3, 7.6% NaNO 3, 11.5% KF,6.3% K 2SO4, 4.2% Li 2SO4; the preparation of the refining agent comprises the following steps: a1: the raw materials are proportioned according to the component composition and the mass percentage of the refining agent; a2: heating and melting raw materials under the protection of argon, and then cooling and solidifying the raw materials into a refining agent block; a3: pulverizing the refining agent block into powder to obtain the refining agent;
In the step S3, the volume percentage of chlorine in the mixed gas is 10-15%, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 1-2m 3/min, and the dehydrogenation time is 10-20min;
in the step S4, the casting temperature of the aluminum alloy liquid is 690-700 ℃, the die temperature is 350-400 ℃, the vacuum degree is 400-500mbar, the filling speed is 30-40m/S, the pressurizing pressure is 1000-1500bar, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-10S during vacuum die casting.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the purity of argon is not lower than 99.99%.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S2, the blowing refining time is 10-20min.
4. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step S3, the purity of argon is not lower than 99.99%, and the purity of chlorine is not lower than 99.99%.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purity of the raw material in the step A1 is not lower than 99.8%; the purity of the argon in the step A2 is not lower than 99.99 percent.
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