CN117773324A - Laser welding method for pole of plastic part without burning - Google Patents
Laser welding method for pole of plastic part without burning Download PDFInfo
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- CN117773324A CN117773324A CN202311627745.6A CN202311627745A CN117773324A CN 117773324 A CN117773324 A CN 117773324A CN 202311627745 A CN202311627745 A CN 202311627745A CN 117773324 A CN117773324 A CN 117773324A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009022 nonlinear effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A laser welding method for a pole of a plastic part is not burnt, and the pole welding method is free of a cover plate or incapable of designing a baffle cover plate, reduces the steps of designing the cover plate, is simple to assemble and improves efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method for laser welding a post, and more particularly, to a method for laser welding a post that can prevent plastic parts from being burned out without using a cover plate.
Background
With the development of new energy technology, lithium batteries are more and more important, and the current manufacturing technology of lithium batteries is also steadily developed; the top cover of the lithium battery is connected with the pole column by a laser welding machine, and the welding positions of the plastic part and the pole column are separated by the cover plate in the existing welding scheme, so that burning loss of the plastic part caused by laser reflected light is avoided. However, with the development of lithium battery technology at present, in some new pole designs (one of which is shown in fig. 1 and 2), the distance between the plastic part and the welding seam is very small, often less than 5mm, and in the example of fig. 2, the distance between the plastic part and the welding seam is 3mm (30 mm-27 mm=3 mm shown in fig. 2), at this time, there is great difficulty in designing and manufacturing a cover plate separating the positions of the plastic part and the welding seam of the pole, and at this time, if the pole is to be welded, the plastic part is very easy to burn.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser welding method for a pole of a plastic part, which overcomes the defects of the prior art and has reasonable design.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in order to solve the problem that when the distance between the plastic part and the welding seam of the pole is smaller, a cover plate for separating the welding seam positions of the plastic part and the pole is not well designed, and the plastic part is easy to burn out without adding the cover plate (the reflected light of welding laser), the invention provides a laser welding method of the pole, which uses a laser welding device to weld the pole and a battery top cover, and comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing a pole to be welded and a battery top cover; step B, starting a laser welding device, inputting welding laser to a galvanometer welding head by a laser, performing swing welding through the galvanometer welding head, and welding a pole and a top cover at a pole welding seam position; step C, the welding is completed, and the laser welding device stops welding;
when the laser welding device is used for welding the pole, the laser power density of the welding position of the laser welding device needs to be more than 10-7W/cm 2 I.e. the laser power density of the welding spot needs to be greater than 10 7 W/cm 2 。
Preferably, the value of the diameter R of the laser fiber core is required to meetThe unit of the diameter R of the fiber core of the laser is mu m, the unit of the output power P of the laser is W, and the pole is made of aluminum alloy materials.
Preferably, the laser output power P has a value in the range of 450W-2100W.
Preferably, the value of the laser core diameter is 20 μm or less and 10 μm or more.
Preferably, the oscillating frequency of the vibrating mirror is greater than 500Hz during welding.
Preferably, the scanning speed v during swing welding f The value of (C) is in the range of 450mm/s to 2100mm/s.
Preferably, the pole and the battery top cover are pre-spot welded prior to laser welding the pole and the battery top cover.
The welding method does not use a cover plate to separate the welding seam positions of the plastic part and the pole.
Preferably, the laser output power is selected to be 500W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 10 μm, or alternatively, the laser output power is selected to be 1000W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 15 μm, or alternatively, the laser output power is selected to be 1500W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 20 μm.
Preferably, the weld path parameter L is set to be 0.1mm, d is set to be 0.6mm, and the scanning speed v is set to be f The overlap ratio a=83.3%, the wobble frequency f=531 Hz, the welding speed v w =53.1 mm/s; the welding power is 1000W; the focal length of the collimating lens of the vibrating lens is 100mm, and the focal length of the focusing lens is 400mm; spot diameter at focus = 56um. Power density of 4.06 x 10 7 W/cm 2 。
A laser welding device comprises a welding laser, a vibrating mirror welding head and a control driving part, and is used for realizing the laser welding method of the pole.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a pole welding method which does not need a cover plate, reduces the design of the cover plate (the distance between a plastic part and a pole is less than 5mm, and a baffle cover plate cannot be designed), and is simple to assemble. The steps are few (no cover plate is arranged), and the efficiency is improved.
2. The book is provided withThe method selects the proper combination range of the laser output energy and the laser fiber core diameter, not only can obtain enough power density of 10-7W/cm 2 The laser welding method breaks through the laser welding threshold of the aluminum alloy, thereby reducing the reflectivity, avoiding burning plastic parts, simultaneously combining the fiber core diameter and the output power, selecting and matching the vibrating mirror with larger swinging frequency, solving various problems caused by deformation and high energy density due to the improvement of heat input, and simultaneously obviously reducing the linear energy and the surface energy to be lower than that of the welding of the common fiber core laser in the prior art.
3. The oscillating mirror of the invention can oscillate at a sufficient oscillation speed (the proposed oscillation speed is 500-2000 mm/s, i.e. a sufficient oscillation frequency is required). The vibration mirror can reduce the assembly gap of the workpiece, reduce splashing, improve the weld joint forming and achieve high efficiency (compared with a swinging welding head); fifthly, the swing frequency (or the swing speed is high), the maximum frequency is generally greater than 500Hz, and the swing frequency of the swing welding head is generally within 300 Hz. The invention can not adopt a swinging welding head and needs to be a vibrating mirror.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a physical diagram of one prior art pole design.
Fig. 2 is a prior art design of a pole design.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a post weld trajectory.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the post weld trajectory.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of laser oscillation.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an overlap ratio calculation mode.
Fig. 7 is effect data corresponding to a plurality of welding modes.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a laser welding method of a pole, which is used for connecting the pole and a battery top cover in a laser welding mode.
The laser welding device used in the laser welding method of the pole of the invention mainly comprises a laser for welding, a vibrating mirror welding head, a control driving part and other parts.
Preferably, the laser inputs the laser for welding to the galvanometer welding head, and the galvanometer welding head performs swing welding, and the electrode post and the top cover (of the lithium battery) are connected at the electrode post welding seam position.
Typically, the material of the junction between the pole and the top cover is an aluminum alloy, and the pole is preferably an aluminum alloy, preferably 3003 aluminum alloy. The invention aims to solve the problem when a cover plate is not used, and thinks that if the power density of welding laser can break through a high-reflection material threshold value at the position of a welding line of the pole, the reflectivity of the aluminum alloy can be reduced, so that the plastic part is prevented from being burnt by reflected light at the welding line.
If the laser power density at the welding seam of the polar post exceeds the threshold value of the welding power density of the aluminum alloy, the laser welding device preferably needs to reach the deep-melting welding power density of 10-7W/cm when the welding of the polar post is carried out 2 . Preferably, the pole is made of aluminum alloy material.
Namely, the laser welding method of the pole is characterized in that the pole to be welded and the battery top cover are prepared, the laser welding device with the vibrating mirror welding head is used for swing welding of the pole, and in the welding process, the power density of welding laser at the welding seam position of the pole is more than 10W/cm 2 So as to break through the laser welding threshold of the aluminum alloy, thereby reducing the reflectivity and not burning the plastic parts. The welding method does not use a cover plate to separate the welding seam positions of the plastic part and the pole.
In the field of laser welding of polar columns, a typical weld trace diagram of swing laser welding can be referred to fig. 3 and 4; fig. 5 shows a diagram of laser oscillation, and fig. 6 shows an overlap ratio calculation method.
The inventors realized that, due to the extremely high power density that is required to be achieved by the present method, a large heat input may be generated to the pole, and thus macroscopic deformation may be generated to the pole, which not only affects the welding quality, but also may cause potential safety hazards to the lithium battery. To solve this problem, the inventors realized that the instantaneous total heat input at the post weld location at the time of laser welding must be controlled, which is primarily related to the total heat input per unit time over a range of weld heat affected zones, and is primarily related to the average output power and focused spot size of the laser welding apparatus, among other things. On the other hand, in swing welding, due to extremely high laser power density, the instantaneous input energy per unit area of each position swept by the welding laser is likely to be too high, and thus, peroxidation of materials at the weld position, a large amount of spatter, difficulty in weld formation and the like may be caused.
In order to solve the above two problems, the inventors have conceived that the laser core of the laser welding apparatus can be reasonably adjusted in size according to the output power of the laser welding apparatus while the oscillating mirror is made to reach an appropriate oscillating speed and oscillating frequency to solve both problems at the same time.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, there is a relationship in the laser swing welding as follows:
overlap ratioAnd->
The relation between the swing amplitude and the swing frequency can be obtained by combining the two formulas:
wherein d is the swing amplitude, and the swing amplitude is 70% -90%; l is the center distance (the swing shape is circular); x is the overlap width; f is the wobble frequency.
Surface energy per unit area: e=pt/s 1 (5)
Weld area: s is(s) 1 ＝v w * t is d (formula 6)
d is the swing and also the weld width; p is welding power and t is welding time; v w Indicating the welding speed, i.e. the speed of travel along the weld; v f The swinging speed is the speed of a vibrating mirror circling ring; pi is the circumference ratio; pi x d represents the circumference of one revolution; the time of swinging for one circle is 1/f, and the reciprocal of the frequency is the period, namely the time of one week; e is the heat input per unit area, s 1 Is the area of the weld; the surface energy per unit area can be obtained by combining the formulas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6): e=p pi/[ v f *d*(1-A)](7)
According to the above formulas, the data such as the spot area, the power density, the line energy, the minimum unit area energy and the like at the focus of the fiber core under different output powers and different fiber core diameters can be calculated under the condition of presetting common welding parameters such as the common spot amplification ratio, the welding speed, the welding seam width, the overlapping rate and the like.
Fig. 7 shows data on power density and line energy that can be obtained under typical welding conditions for several specific combinations of output power and core diameter. As can be seen from the illustration, when a large total output power is used, the line energy and the minimum energy per unit area are larger, and thus the thermal deformation is caused, which is not caused by the inventor, and meanwhile, the laser welding threshold of the aluminum alloy can be broken through to ensure the power density, namely, the laser welding threshold is larger than 10-7W/cm 2 (i.e. greater than 10 7 W/cm 2 ) The output power and the core diameter need to satisfy a certain relationship.
According to the inventors' simulations and experiments, it is preferred that the laser coreThe value of the diameter R needs to meetWherein the unit of the laser fiber core diameter R is μm, and the unit of the laser output power P is W. When the R value is too large, the power density can not meet the breakthrough of the laser welding threshold of the aluminum alloy, and when the R value is too small, the nonlinear effect of the fiber core can be caused by the too high power density, so that the quality of the light beam is deteriorated. Preferably, in order to ensure the total welding quality and not to cause macroscopic thermal bending, the output power P is preferably in the range of 450W-2100W, preferably in the range of 600W-1000W.
A smaller laser core diameter can achieve lower line energy and smaller energy per unit area (as can be seen by more than 25% reduction with reference to fig. 7), but too small a laser core diameter can result in reduced beam quality, which is detrimental to welding.
Specifically, it can be seen from FIG. 7 that all three combinations of 500W (10 μm), 1000W (14 μm) and 1500W (20 μm) are satisfactory, i.e., a 10 μm diameter core is selected when 500W outputs laser light, a 14 μm core is selected when 1000W outputs laser light, a 20 μm core is selected when 1500W outputs laser light, and a 20 μm core is selected when 2000W outputs laser light, of course. Compared with the conventional combination (for example, 2000W,50 mu m) of output energy and fiber core diameter in the prior art in the welding field, the invention can effectively avoid the reflected light of the pole, and prevent burning out the plastic part, and compared with the more commonly used combination (for example, 3000W,100 mu m), the effect of preventing macroscopic deformation of the pole and burning out the plastic part is more remarkable. That is, in the general application of the present invention, the value of the laser core diameter is preferably 20 μm or less, and in order to prevent deterioration of the beam quality of the laser beam, the value of the laser core diameter is preferably 10 μm or more, which is significantly smaller than the value range of the laser core diameter of the general high-energy laser.
In addition, the inventors have determined that extremely high laser power densities may result in too high and thus acceptable instantaneous input energy per unit area of each location swept by the welding laser wobbleThe swing frequency of the welding line can be preferably adjusted to ensure that the high energy density is maintained and the instantaneous line energy (of the unit area of the scanning welding line) is reduced by increasing the swing frequency and the swing speed, so that the splashing is reduced, the welding line forming is improved and the efficiency is improved. Preferably, the maximum oscillation frequency of the oscillating mirror needs to be greater than 500Hz, and the oscillating welding head with the usual oscillation frequency within 300Hz cannot solve the problems due to the low oscillation frequency and the slow oscillation speed, and is easy to cause the problems of peroxidation, a great deal of splashing and the like (the oscillating mirror is obviously superior to the oscillating welding head). Of course, if the scanning speed is too high, the weld seam cannot be formed, and the like, preferably, the scanning speed v during swing welding f The value of (2) is 450mm/s to 2100mm/s to solve the problems of peroxidation of materials, large amount of splashing, difficult formation of welding seams and the like, and the scanning speed v is preferred f The value of (C) is in the range of 500mm/s to 2000mm/s.
In a preferred embodiment, the weld path parameters l=0.1 mm, d=2×0.3=0.6 mm and the scan speed v are set f The overlap ratio a=83.3%, the wobble frequency f=531 Hz, the welding speed (non-scanning speed) v can be calculated =1000 mm/s w =53.1 mm/s; welding power 100%, i.e. 1000W x 100% = 1000W.
Power density = P/s, P is welding power, s is spot area. The galvanometer selected in the scheme is a collimating lens with a focal length of 100mm and a focusing lens with a focal length of 400mm.
Spot diameter at focus = core size x focused focal length/collimated focal length = 14 x 400/100 = 56um.
Power density=4×1000W/3.14×56≡2=0.406W/um 2 ＝4.06*10 7 W/cm 2 And the deep-melting welding power density is reached to break through the welding power density threshold of the aluminum alloy.
In a preferred embodiment II, the power 950W is used, and the scanning speed is 2000mm/s; the radius of the spiral line is 0.3, and the pitch of the spiral line is 0.1; setting a weld track parameter l=0.1 mm, d=2×0.3=0.6 mm, and a scanning speed v f The overlap ratio a=83.3%, the wobble frequency f=1062hz, the welding speed (non-scanning speed)v w =106.2 mm/s. Welding power 95%, i.e. 1000W x 95% =950W.
Power density = P/s, P is welding power, s is spot area. The galvanometer selected in the scheme is a collimating lens with a focal length of 100mm and a focusing lens with a focal length of 400mm.
Spot diameter at focus = core size x focused focal length/collimated focal length = 14 x 400/100 = 56um.
Power density=4x950/3.14x56≡2=0.406W/um 2 ＝3.86*10 7 W/cm 2 And the deep-melting welding power density is reached to break through the welding power density threshold of the aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the electrode post and the battery top cover are pre-spot welded before being welded, so that the welding effect of the electrode post and the battery top cover is improved, and welding defects caused by structural position change of the connecting part due to thermal deformation of materials during laser welding are prevented. Preferably, in order to reduce the high-reflectivity material threshold of the pole to reduce the reflectivity, the pole surface is preferably subjected to corrosion treatment with an acid solution prior to welding.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser welding method of a pole, which uses a laser welding device to weld the pole and a battery top cover, comprises the following steps:
step A, preparing a pole to be welded and a battery top cover; step B, starting a laser welding device, inputting welding laser to a galvanometer welding head by a laser, performing swing welding through the galvanometer welding head, and welding a pole and a top cover at a pole welding seam position; step C, the welding is completed, and the laser welding device stops welding;
characterized in that the laser power density of the welding position of the laser welding device is required to be more than 10-7W/cm when the welding of the polar column is carried out 2 。
2. The method for laser welding a pole according to claim 1, wherein the value of the core diameter R of the laser is as followsWherein the unit of the laser fiber core diameter R is μm, and the unit of the laser output power P is W.
3. The laser welding method of the pole according to claim 2, wherein the output power P of the laser has a value ranging from 450W to 2100W.
4. The laser welding method of a pole according to claim 2, wherein the pole is made of an aluminum alloy material, and the value of the diameter of the laser fiber core is smaller than or equal to 20 μm and larger than or equal to 10 μm.
5. The laser welding method of the pole according to claim 2, wherein the oscillating frequency of the oscillating mirror is more than 500Hz during welding.
6. A method of laser welding a pole according to claim 5, wherein the sweep speed v is at the time of swing welding f The value of (C) is in the range of 450mm/s to 2100mm/s.
7. The laser welding method of the pole according to claim 1, the pole and the battery top cover are pre-spot welded before the pole and the battery top cover are laser welded.
8. The laser welding method of a pole according to claim 5, wherein the laser output power is selected to be 500W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 10 μm, or alternatively, the laser output power is selected to be 1000W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 15 μm, or alternatively, the laser output power is selected to be 1500W while the laser core diameter is selected to be 20 μm.
9. The laser welding method according to claim 5, wherein the weld path parameter L is set to 0.1mm, d is set to 0.6mm, and the scanning speed v f The overlap ratio a=83.3%, the wobble frequency f=531 Hz, the welding speed v w =53.1 mm/s; the welding power is 1000W; the focal length of the collimating lens of the vibrating lens is 100mm, and the focal length of the focusing lens is 400mm; the spot diameter at the focal point is 56um. Power density of 4.06 x 10 7 W/cm 2 。
10. A laser welding apparatus comprising a welding laser, a galvanometer welding head, a control drive section, characterized in that it is adapted to implement a laser welding method of a pole according to any one of claims 1-9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311627745.6A CN117773324A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Laser welding method for pole of plastic part without burning |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311627745.6A CN117773324A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Laser welding method for pole of plastic part without burning |
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| CN117773324A true CN117773324A (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| CN202311627745.6A Pending CN117773324A (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2023-11-30 | Laser welding method for pole of plastic part without burning |
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- 2023-11-30 CN CN202311627745.6A patent/CN117773324A/en active Pending
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