CN117738374A - Manufacturing method of building components and building construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing method of building components and a construction method. The manufacturing method of building components includes: preparing prefabricated floor slabs and air-conditioning equipment at a non-construction construction site. The prefabricated floor slabs have bottom formwork that does not require removal, and the prefabricated floor slabs can be passed through the site. Concrete is poured to form the floor slab; air conditioning equipment is installed on the side of the free bottom formwork facing the room to form building components. The manufacturing method of building components provided by embodiments of the present invention not only greatly improves the integration of building components and greatly improves their efficiency in transportation and hoisting; at the same time, there is no need to carry out overall construction of air conditioning equipment at the construction site, that is, This method does not need to wait for the concrete to be poured and finalized and the formwork to be removed at the construction site, and then professional installation workers will be required to manually construct the air conditioning equipment; this method can significantly reduce the number of construction workers required at the construction site and reduce the difficulty of on-site construction. Improve the quality of construction products.

Description

Manufacturing method of building components and building construction method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of construction technology, and specifically to a manufacturing method of building components and a construction method.

Background technique

Existing prefabricated buildings still have a large number of on-site construction processes such as steel bar tying, formwork support, structural concrete pouring, and waiting for the concrete to be finalized. For the air conditioning equipment inside the prefabricated building, the above construction processes usually need to be completed at the construction site to form a complete The building structure is then installed and constructed as a whole. For example, after the concrete is finalized, the formwork is removed, and the air-conditioning equipment is installed inside the building by driving expansion screws on the surface of the concrete floor. Not only is the on-site construction inefficient and requires a lot of labor, but it is also subject to Limited by the professional level of the installers, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of on-site assembly of air conditioning equipment.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of building components and a construction method.

In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a manufacturing method of building components, which includes: preparing prefabricated floor slabs and air conditioning equipment at a construction site. The prefabricated floor slabs have bottom formwork that does not need to be removed, and the prefabricated floor slabs can be poured with concrete on site. Form a floor slab; install the air conditioning equipment on the side of the bottom formwork that faces the room to form the building component.

Optionally, installing the air-conditioning equipment on the side of the bottom-free formwork facing the room includes: using supports and hangers to fixedly connect the air-conditioning equipment to the prefabricated floor slab, and the air-conditioning equipment is located at The side of the non-removable bottom template faces the indoor side.

Optionally, the non-disassembly bottom formwork has reserved holes; the air conditioning equipment is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab using supports and hangers, and the air conditioning equipment is located on a side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork facing the room. side, including: one end of the support and hanger is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab through the reserved hole; the other end of the support and hanger is fixedly connected to the air conditioning equipment, so that the air conditioning The equipment is located on the side of the bottom-free formwork facing the room.

Optionally, before one end of the support and hanger passes through the reserved hole and is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further includes: setting a steel plate on the side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork facing the outdoors. The steel beam is used as a force-bearing support for the support and hanger; the step of making one end of the support and hanger pass through the reserved hole and being fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor includes: making the support One end of the hanger passes through the reserved hole and is fixedly connected to the steel beam.

Optionally, the prefabricated floor slab also has a steel truss, the steel truss is fixedly connected to the outdoor side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork, and the steel truss is also fixedly connected to the steel beam.

Optionally, the air conditioning equipment includes: fan coil unit or fan.

Optionally, after installing the air-conditioning equipment on the side of the bottom-free formwork facing indoors, the method further includes: installing the air-conditioning equipment on the side away from the prefabricated floor and no lower than Preset the position of the limit, and install the top interior components of the building component.

Optionally, on the side of the air conditioning equipment away from the prefabricated floor slab and at a position not lower than the preset limit, install the top interior components of the building component, including: at a position not lower than the removal-free bottom Install the top interior components 50 cm below the formwork surface.

Optionally, top interior components include suspended ceiling panels or cement pressure panels.

Optionally, installing the top interior components of the building component includes: fixing the top interior components with the prefabricated floor slab by using keels.

Optionally, the building component further includes a prefabricated wall that can be poured with concrete on site to form a structural wall; before forming the building component, the method further includes: combining the prefabricated wall with The prefabricated floor slabs are fixedly connected.

Optionally, the prefabricated wall has a disassembly-free formwork; after the prefabricated wall is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further includes: installing the building on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors. The wall interior components of the component.

Optionally, installing the wall interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors includes: using dry construction, buckles, tongues and grooves or keel fixing to fix the wall interior components. Installed on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors.

Optionally, the wall interior components include integrated wall panels.

Optionally, the building component further includes a prefabricated base plate; before forming the building component, the method further includes: fixedly connecting the prefabricated base plate with the prefabricated wall, and the prefabricated floor plate with the prefabricated base plate. Set opposite and parallel.

Optionally, after the prefabricated base plate is fixedly connected to the prefabricated wall, the method further includes: installing the bottom interior component of the building component on the side of the prefabricated base plate facing the room.

Optionally, installing the bottom interior components of the building component on the side of the prefabricated floor facing the room includes: using dry construction or wet sticking to install the bottom interior components on the side of the prefabricated floor facing the room. side.

Optionally, the bottom interior components include: at least one of wood trim panels, facing bricks, and prefabricated concrete chassis.

Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further includes: installing an enclosure component of the building component on a side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors, where the enclosure component is a lightweight partition wall. .

Optionally, installing the enclosure component of the building component on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors includes: installing the lightweight partition wall as an indoor partition wall on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors. ; The lightweight partition wall is a complete wall, or the lightweight partition wall is a wall with a door frame or a window frame preset.

Optionally, installing the enclosure component of the building component on the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors includes: using the lightweight partition wall to enclose the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors to form a closed space. , the closed space is used as an air shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall.

Optionally, use the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors to form a closed space, and use the closed space as an air shaft, including: two sides connected at the wall end and having an included angle. The surface of the prefabricated wall facing the room is fixedly connected to at least one of the lightweight partition walls, and encloses a closed space as the air shaft.

Optionally, after using the enclosed space as an air shaft, the method further includes: setting an air duct inside the air shaft.

Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further includes: installing electromechanical end points at the interface between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior components, where the electromechanical end points include: At least one of switches, sockets, light fixtures, alarms, junction boxes and electrical conduits.

Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further includes: at the interface between the prefabricated base plate and the bottom interior component and at the intersection between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior component. At the interface, a pipeline system is installed, which includes: a water supply pipeline system and a drainage pipeline system.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention also provide a building construction method, which includes: hoisting building components produced by any of the above manufacturing methods to a designated position on the building construction site and placing them in place; Concrete is poured into the area to be poured in the building components; after the concrete is finalized, finishing processing is performed to obtain the building; the finishing processing at least includes: placing water supply main pipes, pipeline connections and closing of interior components.

In the solution provided by the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing building components is provided, in which prefabricated floor slabs and air conditioning equipment are fixedly connected at a non-building construction site (such as a factory), so that the two form an integrated structure. This method not only greatly improves the integration of building components and greatly improves its efficiency in transportation and hoisting; at the same time, it does not require the overall construction of air conditioning equipment at the building construction site (construction site), that is, this method benefits from The prefabricated floor slabs have no need to remove the bottom formwork, so there is no need to carry out the process of formwork support before pouring concrete at the construction site, and there is no need to wait for the concrete to be poured and finalized and remove the formwork at the construction site, and then have professional installers install the air. Adjusting equipment for manual construction breaks the current installation method for air conditioning equipment; this method can significantly reduce the number of construction workers required on the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products.

In the solution provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a construction method is provided, which can produce prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated walls, integrated air conditioning equipment and interior components at a non-building construction site. After the building components (modules) are installed, the building components are placed in place at the construction site and poured in-situ. After the concrete is solidified, only simple finishing touches are needed on the mechanical, electrical and interior decoration, such as simply connecting pipelines. The placement of barges, water supply main pipes, and interior closings are processed to directly obtain a building that integrates structure, electromechanical and interior decoration. This method does not require on-site installation and construction of air conditioning equipment and interior components. This method can significantly reduce the number of construction workers required at the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

Figure 1 shows a flow chart of a manufacturing method of building components provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated floor slab in the manufacturing method of building components provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows a front view of the air conditioning equipment installed on the prefabricated floor slab in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 shows a first perspective view of the air conditioning equipment installed on the prefabricated floor slab in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 shows a second perspective perspective view of the air conditioning equipment installed on the prefabricated floor slab in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of the building component further including a prefabricated wall in the manufacturing method of building components provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of the wall interior components in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 8 shows a partially enlarged schematic view of the prefabricated base plate in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the construction and disassembly of the enclosure components and each interior component in the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of an air shaft in the manufacturing method of building components provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows a flow chart of a building construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

icon:

1-Prefabricated floor slabs, 2-Air conditioning equipment, 3-Prefabricated walls, 4-Prefabricated floor plates, 11-Free bottom formwork, 12-Supports and hangers, 13-Steel beams, 14-Reinforced trusses, W-Lightweight partitions Wall, P-Duct.

Detailed ways

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " The directions or positions indicated by "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" etc. The relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore It should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a manufacturing method of building components. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes the following steps 101-102.

Step 101: Prepare prefabricated floor slab 1 and air-conditioning equipment 2 at a non-building construction site. The prefabricated floor slab 1 has a bottom formwork 11 that does not need to be removed. The prefabricated floor slab 1 can be poured with concrete on site to form a floor slab.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the non-building construction site refers to a location other than the on-site construction site, which in most cases can be understood as a factory, that is, a place where building components are manufactured. Among them, the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the air conditioning equipment 2 are prepared in advance at the non-construction construction site, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the prefabricated floor slab 1, which is finally installed at the construction site (construction construction site). ) is the prefabricated part of the floor slab in the building structure formed. In other words, the prefabricated floor slab 1 still needs to be poured with concrete at the construction site to form a complete floor slab. Among them, the prefabricated floor slab 1 can be a prefabricated floor slab to be poured with concrete. Specifically, it can be a reinforced truss floor deck, a precast concrete composite floor slab, a precast prestressed concrete composite floor slab, a prefabricated prestressed ribbed concrete composite floor slab, Prestressed concrete steel tube truss composite panels and other prefabricated floor slabs are not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.

Specifically, there is a demolition-free bottom formwork 11 at the bottom of the overall structure of the prefabricated floor 1. As the name suggests, the demolition-free bottom formwork 11 can be used as a demolition-free formwork for the prefabricated floor 1 during concrete pouring at the construction site, that is, the prefabricated floor slab. 1. There is no need to dismantle the bottom formwork 11 after on-site concrete pouring, and the bottom formwork 11 remains in the final floor structure. The bottom-free formwork 11 may be a steel plate or a concrete panel. For example, the bottom-free formwork 11 may be a steel plate with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The lower surface of the bottom-free formwork 11 is the bottom surface of the prefabricated floor slab 1 .

Optionally, the air conditioning device 2 includes: a fan coil or a fan; the fan may be an air supply fan, an exhaust fan, a smoke exhaust fan or a fresh air fan, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

Step 102: Install the air conditioning equipment 2 on the side of the bottom-free formwork 11 facing the room to form a building component.

Referring to FIG. 3 , FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of installing the air conditioning equipment 2 prepared in advance at a non-building construction site according to the embodiment of the present invention on the prefabricated floor slab 1 . Among them, the air-conditioning equipment 2 is installed on the indoor side of the bottom-free formwork 11 at a non-building construction site (i.e., a factory). That is, the air-conditioning equipment 2 is installed below the bottom-free formwork 11 in advance at the factory. The prefabricated floor slab 1 and the air conditioning equipment 2 are formed into an integral structure at a non-building construction site.

Through the manufacturing method of building components provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the air conditioning equipment 2 are fixedly connected at a non-building construction site (such as a factory), so that the two form an integrated structure. This method not only greatly improves the integration of building components and greatly improves its efficiency in transportation and hoisting; at the same time, it is not necessary to carry out the overall construction of the air conditioning equipment 2 at the building construction site (construction site), which is the benefit of this method The disassembly-free bottom formwork 11 of the prefabricated floor slab 1 eliminates the need for formwork support before pouring concrete at the construction site, and there is no need to wait for the concrete to be poured and finalized and remove the formwork at the construction site before professional installation. Workers carry out manual construction of air-conditioning equipment, breaking the current installation method for air-conditioning equipment and enabling larger-sized electromechanical equipment to be fixed with the building structure in the factory in advance; this method can significantly reduce the time required at the construction site. The required number of construction personnel is reduced, the difficulty of on-site construction is reduced, and the quality of construction products is improved.

Optionally, the above-mentioned step 102 "Install the air conditioning device 2 on the side of the bottom-free template 11 facing the room" includes the following step A.

Step A: Use the support and hanger 12 to firmly connect the air-conditioning equipment 2 to the prefabricated floor slab 1, and the air-conditioning equipment 2 is located on the side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork 11 facing the room.

As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present invention also includes a support and hanger 12 whose specific structural shape is not limited. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the support and hanger 12 can be a structure composed of steel pipes and steel strips. Steel plates The strips can be located below the air-conditioning equipment 2 to support the air-conditioning equipment 2, while the steel pipes located on the sides of the air-conditioning equipment 2 are used to connect the steel slats and hang the air-conditioning equipment 2 on the bottom formwork 11 without disassembly. Below, the air conditioning equipment 2 can be connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1 through the support and hanger 12 and form an integrated structure.

Optionally, the non-disassembly bottom template 11 has a reserved hole for passing one end of the support and hanger 12 through it. The above-mentioned step A, "Use the support and hanger 12 to firmly connect the air-conditioning equipment 2 to the prefabricated floor slab 1, and the air-conditioning equipment 2 is located on the side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork 11 facing indoors" includes the following step A2.

Step A2: Let one end of the support and hanger 12 pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1; make the other end of the support and hanger 12 be fixedly connected to the air-conditioning equipment 2, so that the air-conditioning equipment 2 can be located on the bottom formwork 11 without disassembly The side facing indoors.

As shown in Figure 5, the upper end of the support and hanger 12 can pass through the reserved hole (not directly shown in Figure 5) and be fixedly connected to the side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork 11 facing the outdoors. It should be noted that , in the embodiment of the present invention, after the support and hanger 12 passes through the reserved hole, it can be welded together with the support and hanger 12 by spot welding at the gap of the reserved hole to further seal and fix it. In addition, the lower end (the other end) of the support hanger 12 and the air-conditioning device 2 can be fixedly connected through welding or binding, so that the air-conditioning device 2 can be located on the side of the bottom-free formwork 11 facing the room. For example, below the prefabricated floor slabs shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in a non-construction site, through the reserved holes reserved on the surface of the non-removal bottom template 11, one end of the support and hanger 12 passes through the non-removal bottom template 11, and the support and hanger 12 is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor 1 in advance, thereby realizing the fixed connection of the air conditioning equipment 2 to the prefabricated floor 1 in advance in the non-construction site; after the prefabricated floor 1 is cast in situ with concrete at the construction site, the concrete can cover the part of the support and hanger 12 that passes through the reserved holes and is located above the non-removal bottom template 11, and further strengthen the connection strength between the support and hanger 12 and the prefabricated floor 1 after the concrete solidifies. This method does not need to adopt the traditional installation method of first supporting the formwork at the construction site and then pouring concrete, removing the formwork after the concrete solidifies, and drilling holes on the floor formed by the solidified concrete on site and inserting expansion screws before installing the support and hanger 12, which breaks through the current conventional practice of installing the air conditioning equipment 2.

Optionally, before the above-mentioned step A2 of "making one end of the support hanger 12 pass through the reserved hole and fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1", the manufacturing method also includes the following step A1.

Step A1: Set a steel beam 13 on the side of the bottom formwork 11 that faces the outdoors. As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the steel beam 13 is set above the bottom formwork 11 (such as the upper surface). The beam 13 may be an I-beam, used as a force-bearing support for the hanger 12 to be connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1 .

Further, the above-mentioned step A2 of "making one end of the support and hanger 12 pass through the reserved hole to be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1" includes: making one end of the support and hanger 12 pass through the reserved hole to be fixedly connected to the steel beam 13. As shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, the upper end of the support hanger 12 passes through the reserved hole and is fixedly connected to the steel beam 13 provided on the side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork 11 facing the outdoors. For example, the steel pipe supporting the hanger 12 can be welded to the steel beam 13 through the reserved holes.

Optionally, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the prefabricated floor slab 1 also has a steel truss 14. That is to say, the prefabricated floor slab 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is a steel truss floor bearing plate, and the steel truss 14 and the bottom formwork are free of disassembly. 11 is fixedly connected to the side facing the outdoors. For example, the steel truss 14 and the upper surface of the non-disassembly bottom formwork 11 are welded to form an integrated structure; in addition, the steel truss 14 can be further welded to the steel beam 13 means (such as spot welding) to secure the connection.

Optionally, after the above step 102 "Install the air conditioning device 2 on the side of the bottom-free template 11 facing the room", the method also includes the following step B.

Step B: Install the top interior components of the building components on the side of the air conditioning device 2 away from the prefabricated floor slab 1 and at a position not lower than the preset limit.

Since the embodiment of the present invention can fixedly connect the air conditioning equipment 2 and the prefabricated floor slab 1 in advance at a non-building construction site to form an integral structure (that is, a building component), and because it has a bottom formwork 11 that does not need to be removed, there is no need to wait for on-site casting and removal of the formwork. Only then can the interior wall facing be installed on the side of the floor facing indoors. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the air conditioning equipment 2 and the prefabricated floor 1 are installed, the prefabricated floor 1 can be directly installed at a non-building construction site. Decoration of interior wall finishes, that is, the installation of top interior components of the building components. Optionally, the top-mounted component includes a suspended ceiling panel or a cement pressure plate, which can be understood to mean that the top-mounted component is a ceiling or suspended ceiling set indoors.

Specifically, the installation position of the top interior component is the side of the air conditioning device 2 away from the prefabricated floor 1 , that is, the top interior component is installed below the air conditioning device 2 (such as indoors), and the installation position of the top interior component is It needs to be higher than or equal to the preset limit. Wherein, the preset limit can be a certain distance away from the lower surface of the demolition-free bottom formwork 11. This distance needs to be greater than the height of the air-conditioning device 2, so that the air-conditioning device 2 can be accommodated in the demolition-free bottom of the prefabricated floor slab 1. between the template 11 and the top interior components, so that the air conditioning device 2 can be hidden without affecting the aesthetics of the room; it should be noted that the preset limit can be set according to actual needs.

Optionally, "installing the top interior components of the building components" in step B above may include the following step B1.

Step B1: Fix the top interior components and the prefabricated floor slab 1 using the keel fixation method.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the top interior components can be directly installed on the structure of the prefabricated floor slab 1 in a keel-fixed manner in the factory. For example, a similar method to the support and hanger 12 can be used to reserve the necessary space on the bottom formwork 11 without disassembly. Pass through the reserved hole of the keel, so that one end of the keel is fixedly connected to the top interior component, and the other end passes through the reserved hole and is welded to the prefabricated floor slab 1 to form an integrated structure. For example, it can be welded to the steel truss 14 of the prefabricated floor slab 1 , so that the embodiment of the present invention does not need to wait for the building components to be cast-in-situ and finalized at the construction site before installing the top interior components, so that the installation of the top interior components can also meet the requirements of mechanization and standardization, improve the integration of the entire building components, and greatly reduce On-site construction process and labor costs.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 6, the building components also include a prefabricated wall 3, where the prefabricated wall 3 can be a prefabricated part of the steel-concrete composite structural shear wall, that is to say, the prefabricated wall 3 can be Concrete is poured on site to form a structural wall; before the above step 102 "forming building components", the method also includes the following step C.

Step C: Fixedly connect the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor 1.

Among them, the upper end of the prefabricated wall 3 can be fixedly connected to one side edge of the prefabricated floor slab 1 (the air conditioning device 2 has been fixedly connected, and the air conditioning device 2 is not shown in Figure 6) to form a self-stressing system. For example, the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor 1 can be fixedly connected by welding. As shown in Figure 6, the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor slab 1 are formed into an integrated structure based on fixed connection, so that the prefabricated building component in the embodiment of the present invention can be regarded as an integral module, that is, in this case, the building component is a module Modules in the building, for example, can be prefabricated room modules. It should be noted that the building component (module) may include four prefabricated walls 3, and the four prefabricated walls 3 may be enclosed to form a side-closed building component (module), or the building component (module) may only have It includes three prefabricated walls 3. The three prefabricated walls 3 can form a building component (module) with a side opening. That is, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the number of prefabricated walls 3.

In the embodiment of the present invention, by fixedly connecting the prefabricated floor slab 1 with the air conditioning equipment 2 connected to the prefabricated wall 3 in the factory, a module (building component) with the air conditioning equipment 2 installed can be manufactured in the factory, and then only need to The module is transported to the building construction site, and the prefabricated floor slab 1 and prefabricated wall 3 of the module are cast in place to obtain a building equipped with air conditioning equipment 2. This method can effectively reduce construction procedures and improve on-site construction efficiency.

Optionally, the prefabricated wall 3 has a demolition-free formwork. For example, the prefabricated wall 3 can be a double-layer corrugated steel plate shear wall, a double-layer flat steel plate shear wall, or a steel cage and a steel cage sandwiched between two sides of the demolition-free formwork. Shear walls with steel columns, etc.; after the above-mentioned step C of "fixing the prefabricated wall 3 with the prefabricated floor 1", the method also includes the following step D.

Step D: Install the wall interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors.

Since the prefabricated wall 3 used in the embodiment of the present invention is a wall with a formwork that does not need to be removed, there is no need to wait at the construction site for pouring, shaping, removing the formwork and obtaining the concrete wall, and then install the interior parts on the wall; According to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the interior part of the wall is installed before pouring concrete, it will not affect the subsequent pouring of concrete at all. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can install the interior wall decoration of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors in advance at a non-construction construction site. In other words, the wall interior components can be installed in advance in the factory on the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors. On one side, a building component (module) with air conditioning equipment 2 and wall interior components installed is obtained, thereby effectively reducing on-site construction procedures and improving on-site construction efficiency.

Optionally, the above-mentioned step D "installing the wall interior components of the building components on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3" includes: using dry construction, buckles, tongue and groove or keel fixing to install the wall interior components It is installed on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3. Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, the wall interior components include: integrated wall panels. For example, horizontal and vertical keels can be provided on the side surface of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors to fixedly connect the integrated wall panel and the prefabricated wall 3 .

Optionally, the building component also includes a prefabricated base plate 4, as shown in Figure 8, which shows a partially enlarged schematic view of the prefabricated base plate 4; before the above step 102 "forming the building component", the method also includes step E.

Step E: Fixedly connect the prefabricated base plate 4 and the prefabricated wall 3, and the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the prefabricated base plate 4 are arranged opposite and parallel.

Among them, the prefabricated base plate 4 is a structure arranged opposite and parallel to the prefabricated floor slab 1. Specifically, the edge of the prefabricated base plate 4 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the prefabricated wall 3. For example, the prefabricated base plate 4 and the prefabricated wall can be welded. 3 are fixedly connected, so that the building component is an integral structure formed by prefabricated walls 3, prefabricated floors 1 and prefabricated bottom plates 4. For example, when the number of prefabricated walls 3 is four, the building component may be a hexahedral structure formed by four prefabricated walls 3 , one prefabricated floor slab 1 and one prefabricated base plate 4 .

Optionally, after the above-mentioned step E of "fixing the prefabricated base plate 4 and the prefabricated wall 3", the method further includes the following step F.

Step F: Install the bottom interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the indoors.

In addition to being able to install wall interior components and top interior components in advance, the embodiments of the present invention can also install the interior decorative surface of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the indoor room in advance at a non-construction site. In other words, the bottom interior components can be installed on the side of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the indoor room in advance at the factory, and a building component (module) that has been installed with air-conditioning equipment 2 and bottom interior components can be obtained, thereby effectively reducing the on-site construction procedures and improving on-site construction efficiency.

Optionally, the above-mentioned step F "Installing the bottom interior parts of the building components on the side of the prefabricated floor 4 facing the room" includes: using dry construction (that is, a method in which water-containing materials such as cement mortar do not exist during the construction process) or wet construction. In the pasting method (that is, using cement mortar and other water-containing materials for construction), the bottom interior components are installed on the side of the prefabricated floor 4 facing the room.

Optionally, the bottom interior components include: at least one of wooden decorative panels, tiles, and prefabricated concrete chassis. In embodiments of the present invention, corresponding methods can be used to complete the installation of the bottom interior components according to actual needs. For example, the bottom interior component may include multiple layers. A cement mortar slurry layer is first laid on the lowermost layer of the prefabricated floor 4, and fine stone concrete is laid on top of the cement mortar slurry layer for leveling. The upper surface of the fine stone concrete is painted as required. The waterproof layer can finally be adhered to the uppermost surface using special adhesive slurry tiles. As shown in Figure 6, the uppermost layer of the bottom interior components in Figure 6 is the facing tile.

Optionally, before the above-mentioned step 102 "forming building components", the method further includes the following step G.

Step G: Install the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors. The enclosure components are lightweight partition walls.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to installing large electromechanical equipment (such as air conditioning equipment 2) in advance at a non-building construction site, the embodiment of the present invention can also install modules (fixedly connected with The internal enclosure components of the prefabricated floor slabs 1 and prefabricated walls 3 are prefabricated and installed in advance to obtain a highly integrated module (building component) that integrates large-scale electromechanical equipment and enclosure components. Among them, the enclosure component is a lightweight partition wall, that is, a non-load-bearing lightweight internal partition wall; for example, it can be a light steel keel cover panel partition wall or a plate partition wall, such as ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete, autoclaved lightweight concrete) board, etc. . The embodiment of the present invention can be installed on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3 at the corresponding location according to actual construction requirements. For example, the lightweight partition wall can be installed vertically on the indoor side surface of the adjacent prefabricated wall 3 .

Optionally, the above-mentioned step G "Install the enclosure components of the building components on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3" includes: installing a lightweight partition wall as an indoor partition wall on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3. As shown in Figure 9, Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of the construction and disassembly of the enclosure components and each interior component, and the reference symbol W in Figure 9 represents the lightweight partition wall; when the lightweight partition wall is used as an indoor partition wall When used, the lightweight partition wall can be a complete wall, or it can also be a lightweight partition wall preset with door frames and/or window frames to meet more actual decoration needs of the owner.

Optionally, the above-mentioned step G "install the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors" may also include the following step H.

Step H: Use a lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing indoors to form a closed space, and use the closed space as an air shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall.

Embodiments of the present invention can not only use lightweight partition walls to install indoor non-load-bearing walls indoors in advance, such as indoor partition walls, but also use lightweight partition walls to accommodate air ducts (auxiliary facilities for large electromechanical equipment). The air shaft is built indoors in advance. Normally, the air shaft is installed close to the exterior wall of the building. That is to say, in order to prevent the independent air shaft from affecting the aesthetics of the room, the air shaft in the embodiment of the present invention can be connected to the prefabricated wall 3 The side surface close to the room; specifically, a lightweight partition wall with a complete wall surface can be used to enclose the prefabricated wall 3 to form a closed space, so that the closed space can be used as an air shaft to accommodate the air duct; it can be understood that the closed space It only means that the side wall of the air shaft is closed, and the uppermost edge of the air shaft and the prefabricated floor slab 1 need to be connected through to form an air shaft. For example, the air shaft can be obtained by enclosing three lightweight partition walls and one prefabricated wall 3 at the location where the air shaft needs to be installed indoors to form a closed space.

The embodiment of the present invention can not only install larger electromechanical equipment (such as air conditioning equipment 2) in advance at non-building construction sites, but also can install modules (fixedly connected with prefabricated floor slabs 1 and prefabricated walls) at non-building construction sites. 3 building components), the accommodation space for the air ducts used in conjunction with large electromechanical equipment is built in advance, which improves the integration of the modules (building components). There is no need to carry out on-site construction of the air shaft at the construction site, which improves the efficiency On-site construction efficiency.

Optionally, the above step H "Use a lightweight partition wall to enclose the indoor side of the prefabricated wall 3 to form a closed space, and use the closed space as an air shaft", including: two-sided prefabricated walls connected at the wall ends and having an included angle The surface of the wall 3 facing the room is fixedly connected to at least one lightweight partition wall and enclosed to form a closed space as an air shaft.

As shown in Figure 10, the embodiment of the present invention can also set the air shaft at a certain corner indoors, that is, the position where the ends of the two prefabricated walls 3 are connected. For example, the air shaft can be set up at the end of the two walls and the two are connected. The prefabricated wall 3 with an included angle of 90 degrees faces the indoor area. Specifically, two lightweight partition walls (or one side) can be used to enclose the two prefabricated exterior walls 3 connected to the corner to form a closed space. Get the wind shaft. The air shaft installed in this way can further reduce the impact of the air shaft on the indoor use area, and the design is more reasonable.

Optionally, after the above-mentioned step H of "using the enclosed space as an air shaft", the method further includes: setting an air duct inside the air shaft; as shown in Figure 10, the air duct (indicated with reference mark P in Figure 10 out) can be galvanized iron air duct.

Optionally, before the above-mentioned step 102 "forming building components", the method further includes the following step I.

Step I: Install electromechanical end points at the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components. The electromechanical end points include at least one of switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines.

Embodiments of the present invention can also install mechanical and electrical end points such as switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes, and electrical pipelines in advance between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components at non-building construction sites (such as factories). For example, holes can be opened at appropriate positions of the prefabricated wall 3 as reserved operating ports and corresponding electromechanical end points can be installed; thus, modules with various electromechanical end points installed can be obtained directly in the factory, eliminating the need to After the cast-in-place formwork is removed at the construction site, construction workers are arranged to install the large and complex electromechanical end points on site, which not only greatly shortens the construction period and reduces labor costs, but also enables mechanized installation of the electromechanical end points in the factory. , the installation process is more standardized.

For example, when the prefabricated wall 3 is a double-layer corrugated steel plate shear wall, a deep junction box can be pre-embedded in a suitable position of the corrugated steel plate such as the corrugated trough in advance, and then the wall surface of the prefabricated wall 3 can be installed After the internal components are installed, the junction box can be hidden inside the prefabricated wall 3 and does not protrude from one side of the indoor surface, making the overall wall more beautiful; The area surrounded by the free-to-dismantle formwork on both sides) is pre-embedded with electrical pipelines.

Optionally, before the above-mentioned step 102 "forming building components", the method also includes: installing pipes at the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components and at the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components. System, pipeline system includes: water supply pipeline system and drainage pipeline system.

Embodiments of the present invention can also install the pipeline system inside the module in advance at non-construction construction sites (such as factories), so that there is no need to arrange for construction workers to use post-grooving or pipeline pressure grooves for the pipeline system after removing the cast-in-place formwork at the construction site. On-site installation using complex processes such as this not only greatly shortens the construction period and reduces labor costs, but also allows the pipeline system to be hidden within the corresponding interior components.

Specifically, the water supply pipeline system and part of the drainage pipeline system can be pre-embedded inside the prefabricated floor 4 and the bottom interior components. For example, the water supply branch pipes can be pre-buried in advance at the interface between the prefabricated floor 4 and the bottom interior components in the kitchen module and bathroom module, and the pipe openings can be pre-buried at the end of the module to connect multiple water supply branch pipes to the pipe in a unified manner. One side of the pipe mouth, the other side of the pipe mouth is used to connect to the water supply main pipe; the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components in the public area module (such as living room, dining room, corridor and other areas where water points are not concentrated) is advanced The pipe trough is used to place the water supply main pipe at the construction site, so that after the module is hoisted to the construction site, it only needs to place the water supply main pipe and connect the pipe mouth to complete the installation of the water supply pipeline system. Furthermore, the method of drainage on the same floor without lowering the slab can also be used to embed some devices of the drainage pipeline system (such as floor drains, sewage drainage branch pipes, wastewater drainage branch pipes, drainage collectors, flexible position adjusters, etc.) in the prefabricated part of the bathroom module. The interface between the base plate 4 and the bottom built-in components achieves the effect of drainage on the same floor without lowering the plate and diverting waste.

In addition, part of the drainage pipe system can also be pre-embedded inside the prefabricated wall 3 and wall interior components. For example, some devices of the drainage pipeline system (such as sewage risers, wastewater risers, ventilation risers, etc.) are pre-buried at the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 of the bathroom module and the wall interior components to achieve secondary waterproofing and secondary drainage. Effect.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a building construction method. As shown in Figure 11, the method includes the following steps 201-203.

Step 201: Hoist the building components produced by any of the above manufacturing methods to a designated location on the construction site and place them in place.

Hoisting equipment is used to place the building components transported to the construction site (the integrated structure of prefabricated floor slabs and prefabricated walls equipped with air-conditioning equipment, that is, modules) at their corresponding designated positions, for example, building components on the first floor Place them in corresponding positions on the first floor, stack the building components on the second floor on top of the building components on the first floor, etc.

Step 202: Concrete is poured into the area of the building component to be poured with concrete.

The concrete pouring operation is carried out on the building components (modules) that have been placed in place, so that the prefabricated walls and prefabricated floor slabs they contain gradually form shear walls and floors equipped with air conditioning equipment.

Step 203: After the concrete is finalized, finishing treatment is performed to obtain the building.

After the concrete is solidified, on-site construction personnel only need to perform relatively simple finishing touches to construct the building. Among them, the finishing process includes at least: placing water supply main pipes, pipeline connections and closing of internal components. For example, placing the water supply main pipe can be expressed as: placing the water supply main pipe in the pre-embedded pipe trough in public areas (such as living rooms, restaurants, corridors and other areas where water points are not concentrated). Pipeline connection can be expressed as: connecting the water supply main pipe to the pipe opening reserved in the bathroom module or kitchen module, so that the water supply branch pipe connected to the other end of the pipe opening can be connected to the water supply main pipe in the public area through the pipe opening. The closing of interior components can be expressed as: after placing the water supply main pipe, laying tiles on the upper surface of the pipe trough; or, it can also be expressed as closing the interior components by layering, gluing, leaving seams, staggered seams, and collisions. wait.

The construction method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can manufacture building components (modules) with prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated walls, integrated air conditioning equipment and various interior components at a non-construction construction site, and then use the construction method at the construction site. The building components are placed in place and cast in situ. After the concrete is solidified, only simple finishing touches are required for the mechanical, electrical and interior decoration, such as simple pipeline connections, placement of water supply main pipes, and interior closing. This directly results in a building that integrates structure, electromechanical, interior decoration and even enclosure. This method does not require the overall installation and construction of air conditioning equipment and interior components on site. This method can significantly reduce the number of construction personnel required on the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products; it not only changes the modularization The traditional construction technology of the building realizes the concept of "standardization and modularization" of assembly construction to the greatest extent. In addition, this method can also realize green construction to the greatest extent, significantly reduce construction site waste, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacement technical solutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. , should all be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (25)

1. A manufacturing method of building components, characterized by comprising: Prepare prefabricated floor slabs (1) and air conditioning equipment (2) at non-building construction sites. The prefabricated floor slabs (1) have bottom formwork (11) that does not need to be removed. The prefabricated floor slabs (1) can be poured with concrete on site to form floor slabs. ; The air conditioning device (2) is installed on the side of the bottom formwork (11) facing the room to form the building component. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that installing the air conditioning device (2) on the side of the bottom-free template (11) facing the room includes: The air-conditioning equipment (2) is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab (1) using a support and hanger (12), and the air-conditioning equipment (2) is located on a side of the non-disassembly bottom formwork (11) facing the room. side. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottom template (11) without disassembly has reserved holes; the support and hanger (12) is used to connect the air conditioning equipment (2) and the The prefabricated floor slabs (1) are fixedly connected, and the air conditioning equipment (2) is located on the side of the non-removable bottom formwork (11) facing the room, including: Let one end of the support and hanger (12) pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab (1); let the other end of the support and hanger (12) be connected to the air conditioning equipment (2) The air conditioning device (2) is fixedly connected so that the air conditioning device (2) is located on the side of the bottom template (11) facing the room. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that before making one end of the support and hanger (12) pass through the reserved hole and being fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab (1), it further includes: : A steel beam (13) is provided on the side of the non-removable bottom formwork (11) facing the outdoors, and the steel beam (13) is used as a force support for the support and hanger (12); The method of making one end of the support and hanger (12) pass through the reserved hole to be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab (1) includes: making one end of the support and hanger (12) pass through the reserved hole. The hole is fixedly connected to the steel beam (13). 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the prefabricated floor slab (1) also has a steel truss (14), and the steel truss (14) and the demolition-free bottom formwork (11) face the outdoor direction. One side is fixedly connected, and the steel truss (14) is also fixedly connected to the steel beam (13). 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air conditioning equipment (2) includes: a fan coil or a fan. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after installing the air conditioning device (2) on the side of the bottom-free template (11) facing the room, it further includes: The air conditioning equipment (2) is installed on the side away from the prefabricated floor slab (1) and not lower than the preset limit position, and the top interior components of the building components are installed. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the top interior components include suspended ceiling panels or cement pressure panels. 9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the installation of the top interior components of the building component includes: fixing the top interior components with the prefabricated floor slab 1 by using keels. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the building components further include prefabricated walls (3), which can form structural walls by pouring concrete on site. body; before forming the building component, it also includes: fixedly connecting the prefabricated wall (3) to the prefabricated floor slab (1). 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the prefabricated wall (3) has a formwork that does not need to be dismantled; and the prefabricated wall (3) is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab (1). Afterwards, the method further includes: installing the wall interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, installing the wall interior components of the building components on the indoor side of the prefabricated wall (3) includes: dry construction, clamping The wall interior components are installed on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing the room by fastening with buckles, tongues and grooves or keels. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the wall interior components comprise integrated wall panels. 14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the building component further includes a prefabricated base plate (4); before forming the building component, further comprising: combining the prefabricated base plate (4) with the The prefabricated wall (3) is fixedly connected, and the prefabricated floor (1) and the prefabricated bottom plate (4) are opposite and arranged in parallel. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, after the fixed connection of the prefabricated floor (4) and the prefabricated wall (3), it further includes: The bottom interior components of the building element are installed on the side facing the room. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, installing the bottom interior parts of the building components on the side of the prefabricated floor (4) facing indoors includes: using dry construction or wet pasting. The bottom interior component is installed on the side of the prefabricated bottom plate (4) facing the room. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the bottom interior components include at least one of wood trim, tiles, and precast concrete chassis. 18. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, before forming the building component, it further includes: installing an enclosure of the building component on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors. components, and the enclosure components are lightweight partition walls. 19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, installing the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors includes: placing the lightweight partition wall As an indoor partition wall, it is installed on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing the room; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall, or the lightweight partition wall is a wall with a door frame or a window frame preset. . 20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, installing the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors includes: using the lightweight partition wall A closed space is formed with the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors, and the closed space is used as an air shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that a closed space is formed by using the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall (3) facing indoors, and the closed space is used as Wind shafts, including: The two prefabricated walls (3) connected at the wall ends and having included angles are fixedly connected to at least one of the lightweight partition walls on their indoor surfaces, and enclose a closed space as the air shaft. 22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that after using the closed space as an air shaft, it further includes: setting an air duct inside the air shaft. 23. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, before forming the building components, it further includes: installing mechanical and electrical equipment at the interface between the prefabricated wall (3) and the wall interior components. Terminal points, the electromechanical terminal points include: at least one of switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines. 24. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, before forming the building element, further comprising: at the interface between the prefabricated base plate (4) and the bottom interior component and at the A pipeline system is installed at the interface between the prefabricated wall (3) and the wall interior components. The pipeline system includes: a water supply pipeline system and a drainage pipeline system. 25. A building construction method, characterized by including: Hoisting the building components produced by the manufacturing method described in any one of the above claims 10-24 to a designated location on the construction site and placing them in place; Pouring concrete into the area of the building element to be concreted; After the concrete is finalized, finishing treatment is performed to obtain the building; The finishing process at least includes: placing water supply main pipes, pipeline connections and closing of internal components.