CN117722305A - Axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an axial-flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine which comprises a turbine shell, wherein a turbine rotor is arranged in the turbine shell, a circle of axial-flow blades are arranged at the upper end circumference and the lower end circumference of the turbine rotor, spiral blades are arranged between the axial-flow blades at the upper end and the lower end of the turbine rotor, the spiral blades are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the turbine rotor, and the spiral blades adopt a variable-diameter spiral structure. The invention can be suitable for the power output of the hydraulic medium multi-speed flow field and has high energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to the technical field of water turbines, in particular to an axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine.

Background

In the prior art, a hydraulic power station drives a generator to operate through a turbine. That is, the rotor of the turbine is rotated by the high-speed water flow striking the blades of the turbine, so that the generator is driven to operate by the turbine rotor.

In the prior art, most turbines are of a single-impeller type structure, and turbine rotors are driven to rotate by the axial flow blades of the turbine impacted by water flow, so that the prior art has no composite structure, the utilization rate and the conversion rate of the water flow are low, and the conversion efficiency of the turbine can be limited by the blade angles.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention combines the prior art, and provides the axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine which can adapt to the power output of a multi-speed flow field of a hydraulic medium and has high energy conversion efficiency from practical application.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the utility model provides an axial-flow, spiral compound impeller type turbine, includes the turbine casing, set up turbine rotor in the turbine casing, turbine rotor upper end circumference and lower extreme circumference all are provided with round axial flow blade, are equipped with helical blade between the axial flow blade that is located upper and lower both ends on turbine rotor, and helical blade is the spiral setting along turbine rotor axial, and helical blade adopts reducing helical structure.

Further, the angle of attack of the axial flow blades at the upper end of the turbine rotor is 48 ° and the angle of attack of the axial flow blades at the lower end of the turbine rotor is 28 °.

Further, the pitch of the helical blade gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

Further, the top and the bottom of the turbine rotor are both provided with a diversion cone, the diversion cone tip at the top of the turbine rotor is upward, and the diversion cone tip at the bottom of the turbine rotor is downward.

Further, the turbine shell is of a cylindrical shell structure, the upper part of the turbine shell is connected with a flange water inlet cylinder, and the lower part of the turbine shell is connected with a water outlet elbow.

Further, the lower end of the turbine rotor extends out of the water outlet elbow or is connected with other components through a magnetic coupling.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention adopts a composite impeller turbine structure with axial flow blades and spiral blades, water flow changes from columnar to circular through the flow splitting cone at the top, high-speed jet flow is generated to impact the lower axial flow blades, so that the turbine rotor rotates, and meanwhile, the water flow continuously impacts the spiral blades to enable the turbine rotor to rotate at high speed.

2. According to the invention, the practice proves that the axial flow blades at the water inlet and the water outlet are changed based on the water flow speed, so that the attack angles of the axial flow blades are set differently, and meanwhile, the energy utilization efficiency of the turbine can be greatly improved by matching with the variable-pitch spiral blade structure, and the efficient operation of the turbine is ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the turbine of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a split turbine of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that these examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it will be understood that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teachings of the invention, and such equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined herein.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides an axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine which is mainly used in a hydroelectric power station, and mainly uses high-speed water flow to impact the turbine to enable a turbine rotor to operate, and then drives a generator to operate through the turbine to generate electric energy.

In this embodiment, the turbine mainly includes a turbine housing 1, a turbine rotor 4 is disposed in the turbine housing 1, a circle of axial flow blades 6 are disposed at the upper end circumference and the lower end circumference of the turbine rotor 4, helical blades 5 are disposed between the axial flow blades 6 located at the upper end and the lower end on the turbine rotor 4, the helical blades 5 are disposed spirally along the axial direction of the turbine rotor 4, and the helical blades 5 adopt a variable diameter helical structure.

In the above-described structure of the present embodiment, the flow dividing cone 7 is provided at both the top of the turbine rotor 4 and the bottom of the turbine rotor 4, the tip of the flow dividing cone 7 at the top of the turbine rotor 4 is upward, and the tip of the flow dividing cone 7 at the bottom of the turbine rotor 4 is downward. The hydraulic medium in the pipeline moves downwards at a high speed into the turbine housing 1, the section of the hydraulic medium is changed into a circular ring shape from a cylinder shape under the action of the head flow dividing cone 7, the jet flow passes through the annular gap between the periphery of the flow dividing cone 7 and the turbine housing 1 and is accelerated, then the impact axial flow blades 6 rotate the turbine rotor 4, the jet flow continuously impacts the spiral blades 5 after passing through the axial flow blades 6, and the lower axial flow blades 6 finally pass through the jet flow of the flow dividing cone 7 at the bottom to form the working principle of the whole turbine.

In this embodiment, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the turbine, aiming at the situation that the water flow speed gradually becomes slow and the fluid mechanics principle, the angles of attack of the axial flow blades 6 at the upper end and the lower end of the turbine rotor 4 are designed to be different, the angles of attack of the axial flow blades 6 at the upper end of the turbine rotor 4 are designed to be 48 degrees, the angles of attack of the axial flow blades 6 at the lower end are designed to be 28 degrees, and meanwhile, the spiral blades 5 adopt a variable pitch spiral structure with gradually smaller pitch, so that the hydraulic power can be utilized to a greater extent, and the efficient operation of the turbine is ensured.

In the embodiment, the turbine housing 1 is of a cylindrical barrel structure, the upper part of the turbine housing 1 is connected with the flange water inlet barrel 2, the flange water inlet barrel 2 is used for being in butt joint with a pipeline, the lower part of the turbine housing 1 is connected with the water outlet elbow 3, the water outlet elbow 3 is used for being in butt joint with the pipeline, and the lower end of the turbine rotor 4 extends out of the water outlet elbow 3 to be connected to a generator or connected to the generator through a magnetic coupling.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an axial-flow, spiral compound impeller type turbine, includes the turbine casing, set up turbine rotor in the turbine casing, its characterized in that, turbine rotor upper end circumference and lower extreme circumference all are provided with round axial flow blade, are equipped with helical blade between the axial flow blade that is located upper and lower both ends on turbine rotor, and helical blade is the spiral setting along turbine rotor axial, and helical blade adopts reducing helical structure.

2. An axial flow, helical compound impeller turbine according to claim 1 wherein the angle of attack of the axial flow blades at the upper end of the turbine rotor is 48 ° and the angle of attack of the axial flow blades at the lower end of the turbine rotor is 28 °.

3. An axial flow, helical compound impeller turbine according to claim 1, wherein the pitch of the helical blades tapers from top to bottom.

4. The axial flow, helical compound impeller turbine of claim 1, wherein the turbine rotor top and the turbine rotor bottom are each provided with a diverter cone, the diverter cone tips at the turbine rotor top being upward and the diverter cone tips at the turbine rotor bottom being downward.

5. The axial flow and spiral composite impeller type turbine according to claim 1, wherein the turbine housing has a cylindrical barrel structure, the upper part of the turbine housing is connected with a flange water inlet barrel, and the lower part of the turbine housing is connected with a water outlet elbow.

6. An axial flow, helical compound impeller turbine according to claim 4 wherein the lower end of the turbine rotor extends out of the water elbow or is connected to other components by a magnetic coupling.