CN117720177A - Controlling method and system for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate - Google Patents
Controlling method and system for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于重金属废水资源化处理领域，具体涉及一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of water treatment of heavy metal wastewater, and specifically relates to a control method and system for recovering metal nickel by electrodeposition from concentrated nickel-containing wastewater.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，我国高端产业的快速发展，如机器人、芯片、航空航天等，导致上游产业生产过程中排放大量含镍重金属废水，对环境和人类健康构成威胁。传统处理方法包括离子交换、膜、电渗析等技术，但由于处理成本高、产生大量废渣等缺点，需要寻求更高效、经济的处理方法。In recent years, the rapid development of my country's high-end industries, such as robotics, chips, aerospace, etc., has resulted in the discharge of large amounts of nickel-containing heavy metal wastewater during the production process of upstream industries, posing a threat to the environment and human health. Traditional treatment methods include ion exchange, membrane, electrodialysis and other technologies. However, due to shortcomings such as high treatment costs and the generation of large amounts of waste residue, it is necessary to seek more efficient and economical treatment methods.
当前主要处理方式是通过离子交换等技术将废水中的Ni(II)浓缩，形成Ni(II)浓度较高的镍废水浓缩液。然而，由于废水中含有大量无机杂质离子或有机物，直接回用到生产过程是不可行的。目前的工业实践是将镍废水浓缩液制成粗盐，但这样得到的重金属粗盐纯度低，需要精制后再利用，导致资源化处理的费用高、工艺流程长。The current main treatment method is to concentrate Ni(II) in wastewater through ion exchange and other technologies to form a nickel wastewater concentrate with a high Ni(II) concentration. However, since wastewater contains a large amount of inorganic impurity ions or organic matter, it is not feasible to directly recycle it into the production process. The current industrial practice is to convert nickel wastewater concentrate into coarse salt, but the heavy metal coarse salt obtained in this way has low purity and needs to be refined before reuse, resulting in high resource treatment costs and long process flow.
为解决这一问题，电沉积技术成为一种潜在的高效资源化处理方法。通过电沉积，Ni(II)可以选择性地还原为单质态金属镍，实现产品化地回收镍废水浓缩液中的镍资源。然而，随着电沉积时间的延长，Ni(II)浓度逐渐下降，导致电沉积过程由稳态过渡为非稳态，出现了一系列问题，如阴极析氢加剧、生成氢氧化镍颗粒、沉积层异常等，极大地降低了镍沉积效率和电流效率，制约了电沉积技术在含镍废水资源化中的应用。To solve this problem, electrodeposition technology has become a potentially efficient resource treatment method. Through electrodeposition, Ni(II) can be selectively reduced to elemental metal nickel, realizing product recovery of nickel resources in nickel wastewater concentrate. However, as the electrodeposition time increases, the Ni(II) concentration gradually decreases, causing the electrodeposition process to transition from a stable state to an unsteady state, and a series of problems arise, such as intensified hydrogen evolution at the cathode, the generation of nickel hydroxide particles, and the deposition of layers. Abnormalities, etc., greatly reduce the nickel deposition efficiency and current efficiency, restricting the application of electrodeposition technology in the water treatment of nickel-containing wastewater.
因此，为了实现高效的含镍废水资源化处理，本发明提出了一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统及方法。通过在Ni(II)浓度逐渐下降过程中，快速识别关键影响参数并进行调控，旨在提高镍沉积效率和电流效率，最终实现含镍重金属废水的高效资源化。Therefore, in order to achieve efficient water treatment of nickel-containing wastewater, the present invention proposes a control system and method for electrodeposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate. By quickly identifying and regulating key influencing parameters during the gradual decline of Ni(II) concentration, it aims to improve nickel deposition efficiency and current efficiency, and ultimately achieve efficient resource utilization of nickel-containing heavy metal wastewater.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的第一个目的在于提出从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，可以提高镍废水浓缩液电沉积的电流效率并降低含镍废水浓缩液电沉积的运行成本；The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art, at least to a certain extent. To this end, the first purpose of the present invention is to propose a control method for recovering metallic nickel from the nickel-containing wastewater concentrate by electrodeposition, which can improve the current efficiency of the nickel wastewater concentrate electrodeposition and reduce the operation of the nickel-containing wastewater concentrate electrodeposition. cost;
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统。The second object of the present invention is to provide a control system for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate.
为达上述目的，本发明第一方面实施例提出一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，包括如下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the first embodiment of the present invention proposes a control method for recovering metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate by electrodeposition, which includes the following steps:
S100，采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数；S100, collect solution data of nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentration conditions. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate;
S200，通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型。S200, construct optimal constraint conditions through the collected solution data, and construct an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on the optimal constraint conditions.
S300，根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案。S300, obtain the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model.
S400，根据最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作，并在操作过程中实时监测溶液数据。S400 operates the electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate according to the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme, and monitors the solution data in real time during the operation.
S500，若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略。S500, if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraint conditions, a multi-parameter joint control plan is developed based on the current solution data, and the most efficient and easy control strategy is obtained through the multi-parameter joint control plan.
S600，根据最高效易调控策略调整当前溶液数据调整至最优状态。S600, adjust the current solution data to the optimal state according to the most efficient and easy control strategy.
S700，重复以上步骤，直至完成电沉积操作并回收镍废水浓缩液中的金属镍。S700, repeat the above steps until the electrodeposition operation is completed and the metallic nickel in the nickel wastewater concentrate is recovered.
根据本发明实施例的从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，通过采集不同镍离子浓度条件下的溶液数据，并根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，能够实现对金属镍的高效回收，可以提高回收率，减少资源浪费。并在电沉积操作过程中，通过实时监测溶液数据，使系统能够迅速响应操作环境的变化，若实时溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，系统能够通过多参数联合调控方案实现自适应调整，确保电沉积过程的稳定性和高效性，通过根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，系统能够精确控制电沉积工艺参数，提高电流效率，从而降低能耗。此外，通过多参数联合调控方案的制定，可以实现更经济的运营，减少药剂使用量，进一步降低运行成本，并且通过循环执行上述步骤，系统能够持续迭代优化，保持电沉积过程的最佳状态，提高生产稳定性，可以减少生产中的波动和不稳定性，提高产品质量和产量的一致性。According to the method for controlling the recovery of metal nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control is obtained by collecting solution data under different nickel ion concentration conditions and based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model. The solution can achieve efficient recovery of metallic nickel, increase the recovery rate and reduce resource waste. During the electrodeposition operation, the system can quickly respond to changes in the operating environment by monitoring solution data in real time. If the real-time solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment through a multi-parameter joint control scheme to ensure that the electrolyte For the stability and efficiency of the deposition process, by constructing an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on optimal constraints, the system can accurately control the electrodeposition process parameters, improve current efficiency, and thereby reduce energy consumption. In addition, through the formulation of a multi-parameter joint control scheme, more economical operations can be achieved, the use of chemicals can be reduced, and operating costs can be further reduced. By cyclically executing the above steps, the system can continue to iteratively optimize and maintain the best state of the electrodeposition process. Improving production stability can reduce fluctuations and instability in production and improve product quality and output consistency.
在本发明的一些实施例中，采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据包括以下步骤：In some embodiments of the present invention, collecting solution data of nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentration conditions includes the following steps:
S101，设定不同镍离子浓度的实验条件，并准备水质分析设备。所述水质分析设备包括一台多参数、在线水质分析仪和一台电化学工作站，其中水质分析仪用于从电沉积槽取样监测水质参数，电化学工作站与电沉积槽中相邻的阴极和阳极相连。S101, set experimental conditions for different nickel ion concentrations and prepare water quality analysis equipment. The water quality analysis equipment includes a multi-parameter, online water quality analyzer and an electrochemical workstation. The water quality analyzer is used to sample and monitor water quality parameters from the electrodeposition tank. The electrochemical workstation is connected to the adjacent cathode and anode in the electrodeposition tank. connected.
S102，在不同镍离子浓度条件下进行电沉积实验，在实验过程中，实时监测和记录电沉积槽的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数，其中水质参数包括进液流量、pH、温度、电导率、Ni浓度、Cl￣浓度、SO4 2￣浓度、Fe2+浓度、Cu2+浓度、硼酸浓度等；关键电化学参数包括阴极电沉积过程的参数曲线，所述参数曲线包括电流-时间曲线、循环伏安曲线、阴极极化曲线、Tafel曲线、交换电流密度、传递系数和速度常数。S102, conduct electrodeposition experiments under different nickel ion concentration conditions. During the experiment, monitor and record the solution data of the electrodeposition tank in real time. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate. , the water quality parameters include inlet flow, pH, temperature, conductivity, Ni concentration, Cl￣concentration, SO 4 2￣concentration , Fe 2+ concentration, Cu 2+ concentration, boric acid concentration, etc.; the key electrochemical parameters include cathode electrode Parameter curves of the deposition process, including current-time curves, cyclic voltammetry curves, cathodic polarization curves, Tafel curves, exchange current density, transfer coefficients and speed constants.
S103，将采集到的溶液数据进行记录和存储，以备后续分析和建模使用。S103. Record and store the collected solution data for subsequent analysis and modeling.
在本发明的一些实施例中，通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，包括以下步骤：In some embodiments of the present invention, the optimal constraint conditions are constructed through the collected solution data, and the optimal current efficiency mathematical model is constructed according to the optimal constraint conditions, including the following steps:
S201，对采集到的溶液数据进行预处理，包括数据清洗、去噪和归一化等操作，以确保数据的准确性和一致性。利用第一计算公式确定关键影响变量，对相关系数p绝对值大于0.5的确定为关键影响变量，其中第一计算公式为：S201: Preprocess the collected solution data, including data cleaning, denoising, normalization and other operations to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. The first calculation formula is used to determine the key influencing variables, and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient p greater than 0.5 is determined as the key influencing variable, where the first calculation formula is:
其中，xi为变量输入值，yi为变量xi对应的函数值；为输入变量的平均值，/>为变量/>输入变量的对应值。Among them, x i is the variable input value, and y i is the function value corresponding to the variable x i ; is the average value of the input variable,/> for variables/> Enter the corresponding value of the variable.
S202，根据电沉积的特性和目标，以电沉积电流效率最大为目标函数作为第二计算公式，利用第三计算公式、第四计算公式、第五计算公式、第六计算公式确定影响电沉积过程的最优约束条件。S202, according to the characteristics and goals of electrodeposition, use the maximum electrodeposition current efficiency as the objective function as the second calculation formula, and use the third calculation formula, the fourth calculation formula, the fifth calculation formula, and the sixth calculation formula to determine the impact on the electrodeposition process the optimal constraints.
其中，第二计算公式为：Among them, the second calculation formula is:
其中，第三计算公式为：Among them, the third calculation formula is:
其中，第四计算公式为：Among them, the fourth calculation formula is:
其中，第五计算公式为：Among them, the fifth calculation formula is:
其中，第六计算公式为：Among them, the sixth calculation formula is:
其中，F(X)为电沉积电流效率，单位为％；m为电沉积镍质量，单位为g；I为电流强度，单位为A；t为通电时间，单位为h；k为电化当量，k(Ni)＝1.095g/(Ah)；为当前条件与最优条件的差值；n为迭代次数；/>为当前最优条件位置向量；/>和/>为系数向量；/>为收敛系数；/>为随机向量，范围为[0,1]。Among them, F(X) is the electrodeposition current efficiency, in %; m is the mass of electrodeposited nickel, in g; I is the current intensity, in A; t is the energization time, in h; k is the electrochemical equivalent, k(Ni)=1.095g/(Ah); is the difference between the current condition and the optimal condition; n is the number of iterations;/> is the current optimal condition position vector;/> and/> is the coefficient vector;/> is the convergence coefficient;/> is a random vector, ranging from [0,1].
S203，依据最优约束条件，利用基于实验数据和电化学原理的机器学习模型作为第七计算公式，建立最优电流效率数学函数。S203. Based on the optimal constraint conditions, use the machine learning model based on experimental data and electrochemical principles as the seventh calculation formula to establish the optimal current efficiency mathematical function.
其中，j＝1,2,3,4...n；n为变量个数；xi为变量输入值；wi为连接权值；ai为初始化变量阈值。Among them, j=1,2,3,4...n; n is the number of variables; x i is the variable input value; w i is the connection weight; a i is the initialization variable threshold.
S204，利用第八计算公式的平均绝对误差E作为模型评价指标，对构建的最优电流效率数学模型进行验证，并使用未在模型构建中使用的数据进行测试，以确保模型的准确性和泛化能力。S204, use the average absolute error E of the eighth calculation formula as the model evaluation index to verify the constructed optimal current efficiency mathematical model, and test it using data not used in model construction to ensure the accuracy and versatility of the model. ization ability.
其中第八计算公式为：The eighth calculation formula is:
其中，yi为实际值；f(xi)为模型预测值；n为样本数量。Among them, yi is the actual value; f( xi ) is the model predicted value; n is the number of samples.
S205，将确定的最优约束条件与构建的最优电流效率数学模型进行关联。确保约束条件可以在数学模型中得到体现，并能够指导电沉积过程的优化。S205, associate the determined optimal constraint conditions with the constructed optimal current efficiency mathematical model. Ensure that the constraints can be reflected in the mathematical model and guide the optimization of the electrodeposition process.
在本发明的一些实施例中，根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案：In some embodiments of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme is obtained according to the optimal current efficiency mathematical model:
S301，将采集到的实时溶液数据输入已建立的最优电流效率数学模型中。这些数据包括水质参数和关键电化学参数。S301: Input the collected real-time solution data into the established optimal current efficiency mathematical model. These data include water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters.
S302，通过数学模型的求解，确定在当前实时条件下，能够达到最优电流效率的最佳电沉积工艺参数。最佳电沉积工艺参数参数包括电流密度、电位、溶液的酸碱度、添加剂的浓度等。S302, through solving the mathematical model, determine the optimal electrodeposition process parameters that can achieve optimal current efficiency under current real-time conditions. The optimal electrodeposition process parameters include current density, potential, pH of the solution, concentration of additives, etc.
S303，基于数学模型的求解结果，制定最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，在制定的调控方案下，实时监测电沉积操作过程中的溶液数据，确保实际操作与模型预测一致。S303. Based on the solution results of the mathematical model, formulate the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control plan. Under the formulated control plan, monitor the solution data during the electrodeposition operation in real time to ensure that the actual operation is consistent with the model prediction.
S304，根据实际操作的结果，将实时数据反馈到模型中，以进一步优化数学模型，增加其对不同条件下的适应性和准确性。S304: Feed real-time data into the model based on the actual operation results to further optimize the mathematical model and increase its adaptability and accuracy under different conditions.
在本发明的一些实施例中，若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略的步骤包括：In some embodiments of the present invention, if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the steps of formulating a multi-parameter joint control scheme based on the current solution data, and obtaining the most efficient and easy-to-control strategy through the multi-parameter joint control scheme include:
在电沉积操作过程中，采集实时溶液数据。对采集到的溶液数据进行判定，判断是否符合事先设定的最优约束条件。如果发现溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，说明电沉积操作存在异常或不稳定情况。分析溶液数据的不符合情况，确定导致电流效率或镍沉积效率下降的具体原因。其中包括水质变化、电沉积液组成波动、设备故障等多方面因素。基于异常原因的分析，制定多参数联合调控方案。多参数联合调控方案包括同时调整多个参数，如调整进液流量、调节酸碱度、变化电流密度等，以综合控制电沉积的过程。During the electrodeposition operation, real-time solution data is collected. The collected solution data is judged to determine whether it meets the optimal constraints set in advance. If it is found that the solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, it means that the electrodeposition operation is abnormal or unstable. Analyze the inconsistencies in the solution data to determine the specific reasons for the decrease in current efficiency or nickel deposition efficiency. These include water quality changes, fluctuations in electrodeposition liquid composition, equipment failures and other factors. Based on the analysis of abnormal causes, a multi-parameter joint control plan is formulated. The multi-parameter joint control scheme includes adjusting multiple parameters at the same time, such as adjusting the inlet flow rate, adjusting the pH, changing the current density, etc., to comprehensively control the electrodeposition process.
优选的，制定多个多参数联合调控方案，并通过比较各方案的效果，选择最具优势的方案。Preferably, multiple multi-parameter joint control plans are formulated, and the most advantageous plan is selected by comparing the effects of each plan.
进一步的，根据选定的多参数联合调控方案，调整电沉积操作中的相关参数，确保系统能够快速响应并纠正不稳定的状态。Further, according to the selected multi-parameter joint control scheme, the relevant parameters in the electrodeposition operation are adjusted to ensure that the system can respond quickly and correct the unstable state.
进一步的，在调整后的电沉积操作中，实时监测溶液数据，验证多参数联合调控方案的有效性。根据实际操作结果，将调整后的参数和方案的效果反馈到系统中，用于优化模型和进一步改进调控策略。Furthermore, during the adjusted electrodeposition operation, the solution data was monitored in real time to verify the effectiveness of the multi-parameter joint control scheme. Based on the actual operation results, the adjusted parameters and program effects are fed back to the system for optimizing the model and further improving the control strategy.
根据本发明实施例的从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，通过采集不同镍离子浓度条件下的溶液数据，并根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，能够实现对金属镍的高效回收，可以提高回收率，减少资源浪费。并在电沉积操作过程中，通过实时监测溶液数据，使系统能够迅速响应操作环境的变化，若实时溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，系统能够通过多参数联合调控方案实现自适应调整，确保电沉积过程的稳定性和高效性，通过根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，系统能够精确控制电沉积工艺参数，提高电流效率，从而降低能耗。此外，通过多参数联合调控方案的制定，可以实现更经济的运营，减少药剂使用量，进一步降低运行成本，并且通过循环执行上述步骤，系统能够持续迭代优化，保持电沉积过程的最佳状态，提高生产稳定性，可以减少生产中的波动和不稳定性，提高产品质量和产量的一致性。According to the method for controlling the recovery of metal nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control is obtained by collecting solution data under different nickel ion concentration conditions and based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model. The solution can achieve efficient recovery of metallic nickel, increase the recovery rate and reduce resource waste. During the electrodeposition operation, the system can quickly respond to changes in the operating environment by monitoring solution data in real time. If the real-time solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment through a multi-parameter joint control scheme to ensure that the electrolyte For the stability and efficiency of the deposition process, by constructing an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on optimal constraints, the system can accurately control the electrodeposition process parameters, improve current efficiency, and thereby reduce energy consumption. In addition, through the formulation of a multi-parameter joint control scheme, more economical operations can be achieved, the use of chemicals can be reduced, and operating costs can be further reduced. By cyclically executing the above steps, the system can continue to iteratively optimize and maintain the best state of the electrodeposition process. Improving production stability can reduce fluctuations and instability in production and improve product quality and output consistency.
为达上述目的，本发明第二方面实施例提出一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统，所述系统包括：In order to achieve the above object, the second embodiment of the present invention proposes a control system for recovering metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate by electrodeposition. The system includes:
电化学分析单元，用于采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数；An electrochemical analysis unit is used to collect solution data of nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentration conditions. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate;
软件分析单元，用于通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型；The software analysis unit is used to construct optimal constraint conditions through the collected solution data, and construct an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on the optimal constraint conditions;
智能决策单元，用于根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案；Intelligent decision-making unit, used to obtain the best electrodeposition process parameter control scheme based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model;
智能决策单元，还用于根据最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作，并在操作过程中实时监测溶液数据；The intelligent decision-making unit is also used to operate the electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate according to the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme, and monitor the solution data in real time during the operation;
调控执行单元，用于若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略；The control execution unit is used to formulate a multi-parameter joint control plan based on the current solution data if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraint conditions, and obtain the most efficient and easy control strategy through the multi-parameter joint control plan;
调控执行单元，还用于根据最高效易调控策略调整当前溶液数据调整至最优状态。The control execution unit is also used to adjust the current solution data to the optimal state according to the most efficient and easy control strategy.
具体的，调控执行单元还包括加酸模块、加碱模块、添加剂补加模块、进液流量调节模块、温度调节模块、电流电势调节模块。Specifically, the control execution unit also includes an acid addition module, an alkali addition module, an additive addition module, an inlet liquid flow adjustment module, a temperature adjustment module, and a current and potential adjustment module.
进一步的，加酸模块和加碱模块包括计量装置和自吸泵等，分别与酸和碱的储备桶连接，用于向电沉积液定量添加酸或碱以调节pH值；Further, the acid adding module and the alkali adding module include a metering device and a self-priming pump, etc., which are connected to acid and alkali storage barrels respectively, and are used to quantitatively add acid or alkali to the electrodeposition solution to adjust the pH value;
进一步的，所述的添加剂补加模块包括计量装置和自吸泵等，分别与硼酸、硫酸钠等添加剂的储备桶连接，用于向电沉积液定量补充添加剂；Further, the additive replenishment module includes a metering device and a self-priming pump, which are respectively connected to storage barrels of additives such as boric acid and sodium sulfate, and are used to quantitatively replenish additives to the electrodeposition solution;
进一步的，所述的温度调节模块包括温度实时监测探头、加热棒、PLC控制系统等，用于快速调节电沉积液温度；Further, the temperature adjustment module includes a real-time temperature monitoring probe, a heating rod, a PLC control system, etc., for quickly adjusting the temperature of the electrodeposition liquid;
进一步的，所述的电流电势调节模块用于调节电沉积的直流电源电流或电势的大小。Further, the current and potential adjustment module is used to adjust the size of the DC power supply current or potential of electrodeposition.
根据本发明实施例的从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统，通过采集不同镍离子浓度条件下的溶液数据，并根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，能够实现对金属镍的高效回收，可以提高回收率，减少资源浪费。并在电沉积操作过程中，通过实时监测溶液数据，使系统能够迅速响应操作环境的变化，若实时溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，系统能够通过多参数联合调控方案实现自适应调整，确保电沉积过程的稳定性和高效性，通过根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，系统能够精确控制电沉积工艺参数，提高电流效率，从而降低能耗。此外，通过多参数联合调控方案的制定，可以实现更经济的运营，减少药剂使用量，进一步降低运行成本，并且通过循环执行上述步骤，系统能够持续迭代优化，保持电沉积过程的最佳状态，提高生产稳定性，可以减少生产中的波动和不稳定性，提高产品质量和产量的一致性。According to the control system for electrodeposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate according to embodiments of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control is obtained by collecting solution data under different nickel ion concentration conditions and based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model. The solution can achieve efficient recovery of metallic nickel, increase the recovery rate and reduce resource waste. During the electrodeposition operation, the system can quickly respond to changes in the operating environment by monitoring solution data in real time. If the real-time solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment through a multi-parameter joint control scheme to ensure that the electrolyte For the stability and efficiency of the deposition process, by constructing an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on optimal constraints, the system can accurately control the electrodeposition process parameters, improve current efficiency, and thereby reduce energy consumption. In addition, through the formulation of a multi-parameter joint control scheme, more economical operations can be achieved, the use of chemicals can be reduced, and operating costs can be further reduced. By cyclically executing the above steps, the system can continue to iteratively optimize and maintain the best state of the electrodeposition process. Improving production stability can reduce fluctuations and instability in production and improve product quality and output consistency.
本发明附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1所示为从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法流程图；Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the control method for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate;
图2所示为从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统结构图。Figure 2 shows the structure diagram of the control system for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
图1所示为一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法的流程图。Figure 1 shows a flow chart of a control method for recovering metallic nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate.
参照图1，本发明提出一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的方法，方法包括：Referring to Figure 1, the present invention proposes a method for electrodeposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate. The method includes:
S100，采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数。S100: Collect solution data of the nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentration conditions. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of the nickel wastewater concentrate.
S200，通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型。S200, construct optimal constraint conditions through the collected solution data, and construct an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on the optimal constraint conditions.
S300，根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案。S300, obtain the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model.
S400，根据最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作，并在操作过程中实时监测溶液数据。S400 operates the electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate according to the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme, and monitors the solution data in real time during the operation.
S500，若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略。S500, if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraint conditions, a multi-parameter joint control plan is developed based on the current solution data, and the most efficient and easy control strategy is obtained through the multi-parameter joint control plan.
S600，根据最高效易调控策略调整当前溶液数据调整至最优状态。S600, adjust the current solution data to the optimal state according to the most efficient and easy control strategy.
S700，重复以上步骤，直至完成电沉积操作并回收镍废水浓缩液中的金属镍。S700, repeat the above steps until the electrodeposition operation is completed and the metallic nickel in the nickel wastewater concentrate is recovered.
根据本发明实施例的从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，通过采集不同镍离子浓度条件下的溶液数据，并根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，能够实现对金属镍的高效回收，可以提高回收率，减少资源浪费。并在电沉积操作过程中，通过实时监测溶液数据，使系统能够迅速响应操作环境的变化，若实时溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，系统能够通过多参数联合调控方案实现自适应调整，确保电沉积过程的稳定性和高效性，通过根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，系统能够精确控制电沉积工艺参数，提高电流效率，从而降低能耗。此外，通过多参数联合调控方案的制定，可以实现更经济的运营，减少药剂使用量，进一步降低运行成本，并且通过循环执行上述步骤，系统能够持续迭代优化，保持电沉积过程的最佳状态，提高生产稳定性，可以减少生产中的波动和不稳定性，提高产品质量和产量的一致性。According to the method for controlling the recovery of metal nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control is obtained by collecting solution data under different nickel ion concentration conditions and based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model. The solution can achieve efficient recovery of metallic nickel, increase the recovery rate and reduce resource waste. During the electrodeposition operation, the system can quickly respond to changes in the operating environment by monitoring solution data in real time. If the real-time solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment through a multi-parameter joint control scheme to ensure that the electrolyte For the stability and efficiency of the deposition process, by constructing an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on optimal constraints, the system can accurately control the electrodeposition process parameters, improve current efficiency, and thereby reduce energy consumption. In addition, through the formulation of a multi-parameter joint control scheme, more economical operations can be achieved, the use of chemicals can be reduced, and operating costs can be further reduced. By cyclically executing the above steps, the system can continue to iteratively optimize and maintain the best state of the electrodeposition process. Improving production stability can reduce fluctuations and instability in production and improve product quality and output consistency.
具体的，S100，采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据包括以下步骤：Specifically, S100, collecting solution data of nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentrations includes the following steps:
S101，设定不同镍离子浓度的实验条件，并准备水质分析设备。所述水质分析设备包括一台多参数、在线水质分析仪和一台电化学工作站，其中水质分析仪用于从电沉积槽取样监测水质参数，电化学工作站与电沉积槽中相邻的阴极和阳极相连。S101, set experimental conditions for different nickel ion concentrations and prepare water quality analysis equipment. The water quality analysis equipment includes a multi-parameter, online water quality analyzer and an electrochemical workstation. The water quality analyzer is used to sample and monitor water quality parameters from the electrodeposition tank. The electrochemical workstation is connected to the adjacent cathode and anode in the electrodeposition tank. connected.
S102，在不同镍离子浓度条件下进行电沉积实验，在实验过程中，实时监测和记录电沉积槽的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数。S102, conduct electrodeposition experiments under different nickel ion concentration conditions. During the experiment, monitor and record the solution data of the electrodeposition tank in real time. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate. .
S103，将采集到的溶液数据进行记录和存储，以备后续分析和建模使用。具体的，S200，通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，包括以下步骤：S103. Record and store the collected solution data for subsequent analysis and modeling. Specifically, S200 constructs optimal constraint conditions through the collected solution data, and constructs an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on the optimal constraint conditions, including the following steps:
S201，S201，对采集到的溶液数据进行预处理，包括数据清洗、去噪和归一化等操作，以确保数据的准确性和一致性。利用第一计算公式确定关键影响变量，对相关系数p绝对值大于0.5的确定为关键影响变量。S201, S201, preprocess the collected solution data, including data cleaning, denoising, normalization and other operations to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data. Use the first calculation formula to determine the key influencing variables, and determine the key influencing variables if the absolute value of the correlation coefficient p is greater than 0.5.
S202，利用第二计算公式、第三计算公式、第四计算公式、第五计算公式、第六计算公式，确定影响电沉积过程的最优约束条件。具体的，确定影响镍电沉积效率的最优约束条件Ni(II)浓度(X1)、pH(X2)、温度(X3)和电流密度(X4)为：S202, use the second calculation formula, the third calculation formula, the fourth calculation formula, the fifth calculation formula, and the sixth calculation formula to determine the optimal constraint conditions affecting the electrodeposition process. Specifically, the optimal constraints Ni(II) concentration (X1), pH (X2), temperature (X3) and current density (X4) that affect the nickel electrodeposition efficiency are determined as:
32≤X1≤70g/L；2.3≤X2≤4.5；46≤X3≤71℃；176≤X4≤285A/m2；32≤X 1 ≤70g/L; 2.3≤X 2 ≤4.5; 46≤X 3 ≤71℃; 176≤X 4 ≤285A/m 2 ;
S203，依据最优约束条件，选取节点数为100，训练次数为200，初始学习率为0.01，利用第七计算公式，建立最优电流效率数学模型。S203. According to the optimal constraint conditions, select the number of nodes as 100, the number of training times as 200, and the initial learning rate as 0.01. Use the seventh calculation formula to establish an optimal current efficiency mathematical model.
S204，利用第八计算公式的平均绝对误差E作为模型评价指标，得到预测模型的平均绝对误差为0.5822，平均绝对误差较小，具有较好的预测精度。S204, using the average absolute error E of the eighth calculation formula as the model evaluation index, the average absolute error of the prediction model is 0.5822, which is small and has good prediction accuracy.
S205，将确定的最优约束条件与构建的最优电流效率数学模型进行关联。确保约束条件可以在数学模型中得到体现，并能够指导电沉积过程的优化。S205, associate the determined optimal constraint conditions with the constructed optimal current efficiency mathematical model. Ensure that the constraints can be reflected in the mathematical model and guide the optimization of the electrodeposition process.
具体的，镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程中，Ni(II)浓度(X1)逐步下降，pH(X2)也会随之变化，以Y值变化最小为目标，在最优约束条件内求解温度(X3)和电流密度(X4)值，并发送给调控执行单元，对温度和电流密度进行相应调整。当Ni(II)浓度(X1)、pH(X2)、温度(X3)和电流密度(X4)任一值超过最优约束条件，并且导致电流效率(Y)下降幅度超过20％时，以电流效率(Y)最大，X1、X2、X3和X4调整幅度最小为原则，结合电化学分析平台获取的实时数据，智能决策单元将重新制定Ni(II)浓度(X1)、pH(X2)、温度(X3)和电流密度(X4)调整方案，并将调控方案发送至调控执行单元，调控执行单元通过加大浓缩液流量或补加氢氧化镍来联合调整Ni(II)浓度(X1)和pH(X2)，通过调控加热系统电流或常温浓缩液流量来调控温度(X3)，通过调控直流电源来调节电流密度(X4)，保持镍废水浓缩液电沉积处于最优工艺参数条件下，以提高镍废水浓缩液电沉积的电流效率。Specifically, during the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate, the Ni(II) concentration (X 1 ) gradually decreases, and the pH (X 2 ) will also change accordingly. The goal is to minimize the change in Y value and solve it within the optimal constraints. The temperature (X 3 ) and current density (X 4 ) values are sent to the control execution unit to adjust the temperature and current density accordingly. When any value of Ni(II) concentration (X 1 ), pH (X 2 ), temperature (X 3 ) and current density (X 4 ) exceeds the optimal constraint, and causes the current efficiency (Y) to decrease by more than 20% At this time, based on the principle of maximizing the current efficiency (Y) and minimizing the adjustment range of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and 1 ), pH (X 2 ), temperature (X 3 ) and current density (X 4 ) adjustment plan, and the control plan is sent to the control execution unit. The control execution unit increases the flow rate of the concentrate or adds nickel hydroxide. Jointly adjust the Ni(II) concentration (X 1 ) and pH (X 2 ), adjust the temperature (X 3 ) by adjusting the current of the heating system or the flow rate of the concentrated solution at room temperature, and adjust the current density (X 4 ) by adjusting the DC power supply to maintain The electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate is under optimal process parameter conditions to improve the current efficiency of electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate.
具体的，S300，根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案：Specifically, S300 obtains the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model:
S301，将采集到的实时溶液数据输入已建立的最优电流效率数学模型中。这些数据包括水质参数和关键电化学参数。S301: Input the collected real-time solution data into the established optimal current efficiency mathematical model. These data include water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters.
S302，通过数学模型的求解，确定在当前实时条件下，能够达到最优电流效率的最佳电沉积工艺参数。最佳电沉积工艺参数参数包括电流密度、电位、溶液的酸碱度、添加剂的浓度等。S302, through solving the mathematical model, determine the optimal electrodeposition process parameters that can achieve optimal current efficiency under current real-time conditions. The optimal electrodeposition process parameters include current density, potential, pH of the solution, concentration of additives, etc.
S303，基于数学模型的求解结果，制定最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，在制定的调控方案下，实时监测电沉积操作过程中的溶液数据，确保实际操作与模型预测一致。S303. Based on the solution results of the mathematical model, formulate the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control plan. Under the formulated control plan, monitor the solution data during the electrodeposition operation in real time to ensure that the actual operation is consistent with the model prediction.
S304，根据实际操作的结果，将实时数据反馈到模型中，以进一步优化数学模型，增加其对不同条件下的适应性和准确性。S304, according to the actual operation results, real-time data is fed back into the model to further optimize the mathematical model and increase its adaptability and accuracy under different conditions.
进一步的，S400，根据最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作，并在操作过程中实时监测溶液数据。Further, S400 performs electrodeposition operations on nickel wastewater concentrate according to the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme, and monitors solution data in real time during the operation.
具体的，镍废水浓缩液为离子交换树脂再生液，主要的水质参数如下：Ni(II)起始浓度63g/L，pH值2.8，Cl￣、SO4 2￣浓度分别为43和89g/L，Fe2+、Cu2+浓度分别为13和19mg/L。Specifically, the nickel wastewater concentrate is an ion exchange resin regeneration solution. The main water quality parameters are as follows: Ni(II) initial concentration 63g/L, pH value 2.8, Cl￣, SO 4 2￣ concentrations are 43 and 89g/L respectively. , the concentrations of Fe 2+ and Cu 2+ are 13 and 19 mg/L respectively.
具体的，对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作的电沉积反应器内部尺寸(长×宽×高)为4020×950×1100mm；采用钛板作为阴极，采用带钌铱涂层的钛板作为形稳阳极，钛板有效尺寸为500×600mm，同极中心距为190mm，电沉积反应器共放置18片阴极和19片阳极；Specifically, the internal dimensions (length × width × height) of the electrodeposition reactor for the electrodeposition operation of nickel wastewater concentrate are 4020 × 950 × 1100 mm; a titanium plate is used as the cathode, and a titanium plate with a ruthenium-iridium coating is used as a shape stabilizer. Anode, the effective size of the titanium plate is 500×600mm, and the center distance between the same poles is 190mm. A total of 18 cathodes and 19 anodes are placed in the electrodeposition reactor;
进一步的，电沉积反应器配备一台有效加热面积为0.88m2的钛管电加热器，布置在电沉积反应器两条长边，用以调节镍废水浓缩液的温度；电沉积反应器外部利用酚醛泡沫板保温，减少热量散失。Furthermore, the electrodeposition reactor is equipped with a titanium tube electric heater with an effective heating area of 0.88m2 , which is arranged on the two long sides of the electrodeposition reactor to adjust the temperature of the nickel wastewater concentrate; outside the electrodeposition reactor Use phenolic foam boards for insulation to reduce heat loss.
具体的，S500，若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略的步骤包括：Specifically, S500, if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the steps to formulate a multi-parameter joint control plan based on the current solution data, and obtain the most efficient and easy-to-control strategy through the multi-parameter joint control plan include:
在电沉积操作过程中，采集实时溶液数据。对采集到的溶液数据进行判定，判断是否符合事先设定的最优约束条件。如果发现溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，说明电沉积操作存在异常或不稳定情况。分析溶液数据的不符合情况，确定导致电流效率或镍沉积效率下降的具体原因。其中包括水质变化、电沉积液组成波动、设备故障等多方面因素。基于异常原因的分析，制定多参数联合调控方案。多参数联合调控方案包括同时调整多个参数，如调整进液流量、调节酸碱度、变化电流密度等，以综合控制电沉积的过程。During the electrodeposition operation, real-time solution data is collected. The collected solution data is judged to determine whether it meets the optimal constraints set in advance. If it is found that the solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, it means that the electrodeposition operation is abnormal or unstable. Analyze the inconsistencies in the solution data to determine the specific reasons for the decrease in current efficiency or nickel deposition efficiency. These include water quality changes, fluctuations in electrodeposition liquid composition, equipment failures and other factors. Based on the analysis of abnormal causes, a multi-parameter joint control plan is formulated. The multi-parameter joint control scheme includes adjusting multiple parameters at the same time, such as adjusting the inlet flow rate, adjusting the pH, changing the current density, etc., to comprehensively control the electrodeposition process.
优选的，制定多个多参数联合调控方案，并通过比较各方案的效果，选择最具优势的方案。Preferably, multiple multi-parameter joint control plans are formulated, and the most advantageous plan is selected by comparing the effects of each plan.
进一步的，根据选定的多参数联合调控方案，调整电沉积操作中的相关参数，确保系统能够快速响应并纠正不稳定的状态。Further, according to the selected multi-parameter joint control scheme, the relevant parameters in the electrodeposition operation are adjusted to ensure that the system can respond quickly and correct the unstable state.
进一步的，在调整后的电沉积操作中，实时监测溶液数据，验证多参数联合调控方案的有效性。根据实际操作结果，将调整后的参数和方案的效果反馈到系统中，用于优化模型和进一步改进调控策略。Furthermore, during the adjusted electrodeposition operation, the solution data was monitored in real time to verify the effectiveness of the multi-parameter joint control scheme. Based on the actual operation results, the adjusted parameters and program effects are fed back to the system for optimizing the model and further improving the control strategy.
S600，根据最高效易调控策略调整当前溶液数据调整至最优状态。S600, adjust the current solution data to the optimal state according to the most efficient and easy control strategy.
S700，重复以上步骤，直至完成电沉积操作并回收镍废水浓缩液中的金属镍。S700, repeat the above steps until the electrodeposition operation is completed and the metallic nickel in the nickel wastewater concentrate is recovered.
根据本发明实施例的从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控方法，通过采集不同镍离子浓度条件下的溶液数据，并根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案，能够实现对金属镍的高效回收，可以提高回收率，减少资源浪费。并在电沉积操作过程中，通过实时监测溶液数据，使系统能够迅速响应操作环境的变化，若实时溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，系统能够通过多参数联合调控方案实现自适应调整，确保电沉积过程的稳定性和高效性，通过根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型，系统能够精确控制电沉积工艺参数，提高电流效率，从而降低能耗。此外，通过多参数联合调控方案的制定，可以实现更经济的运营，减少药剂使用量，进一步降低运行成本，并且通过循环执行上述步骤，系统能够持续迭代优化，保持电沉积过程的最佳状态，提高生产稳定性，可以减少生产中的波动和不稳定性，提高产品质量和产量的一致性。According to the method for controlling the recovery of metal nickel by electrodeposition from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate according to the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control is obtained by collecting solution data under different nickel ion concentration conditions and based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model. The solution can achieve efficient recovery of metallic nickel, increase the recovery rate and reduce resource waste. During the electrodeposition operation, the system can quickly respond to changes in the operating environment by monitoring solution data in real time. If the real-time solution data does not meet the optimal constraints, the system can achieve adaptive adjustment through a multi-parameter joint control scheme to ensure that the electrolyte For the stability and efficiency of the deposition process, by constructing an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on optimal constraints, the system can accurately control the electrodeposition process parameters, improve current efficiency, and thereby reduce energy consumption. In addition, through the formulation of a multi-parameter joint control scheme, more economical operations can be achieved, the use of chemicals can be reduced, and operating costs can be further reduced. By cyclically executing the above steps, the system can continue to iteratively optimize and maintain the best state of the electrodeposition process. Improving production stability can reduce fluctuations and instability in production and improve product quality and output consistency.
图2所示为一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统的结构图。Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of a control system for electrodeposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate.
参照图2，本发明提出一种从含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的系统，系统包括：Referring to Figure 2, the present invention proposes a system for electrodeposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate. The system includes:
电化学分析单元，用于采集在不同镍离子浓度条件下镍废水浓缩液的溶液数据，所述溶液数据包括镍废水浓缩液电沉积过程的水质参数和关键电化学参数；An electrochemical analysis unit is used to collect solution data of nickel wastewater concentrate under different nickel ion concentration conditions. The solution data includes water quality parameters and key electrochemical parameters of the electrodeposition process of nickel wastewater concentrate;
软件分析单元，用于通过采集到的溶液数据构建最优约束条件，并根据最优约束条件构建最优电流效率数学模型；The software analysis unit is used to construct optimal constraint conditions through the collected solution data, and construct an optimal current efficiency mathematical model based on the optimal constraint conditions;
智能决策单元，用于根据最优电流效率数学模型获得最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案；Intelligent decision-making unit, used to obtain the best electrodeposition process parameter control scheme based on the optimal current efficiency mathematical model;
智能决策单元，还用于根据最佳电沉积工艺参数调控方案对镍废水浓缩液电沉积操作，并在操作过程中实时监测溶液数据；The intelligent decision-making unit is also used to operate the electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate according to the optimal electrodeposition process parameter control scheme, and monitor the solution data in real time during the operation;
调控执行单元，用于若溶液数据不符合最优约束条件，基于当前溶液数据制定多参数联合调控方案，并通过多参数联合调控方案获得最高效易调控策略；The control execution unit is used to formulate a multi-parameter joint control plan based on the current solution data if the solution data does not meet the optimal constraint conditions, and obtain the most efficient and easy control strategy through the multi-parameter joint control plan;
调控执行单元，还用于根据最高效易调控策略调整当前溶液数据调整至最优状态。The control execution unit is also used to adjust the current solution data to the optimal state according to the most efficient and easy control strategy.
具体的，调控执行单元还包括加酸模块、加碱模块、添加剂补加模块、进液流量调节模块、温度调节模块、电流电势调节模块。Specifically, the control execution unit also includes an acid addition module, an alkali addition module, an additive addition module, an inlet liquid flow adjustment module, a temperature adjustment module, and a current and potential adjustment module.
进一步的，加酸模块和加碱模块包括计量装置和自吸泵等，分别与酸和碱的储备桶连接，用于向电沉积液定量添加酸或碱以调节pH值；Further, the acid adding module and the alkali adding module include a metering device and a self-priming pump, etc., which are connected to acid and alkali storage barrels respectively, and are used to quantitatively add acid or alkali to the electrodeposition solution to adjust the pH value;
进一步的，所述的添加剂补加模块包括计量装置和自吸泵等，分别与硼酸、硫酸钠等添加剂的储备桶连接，用于向电沉积液定量补充添加剂；Further, the additive replenishment module includes a metering device and a self-priming pump, which are respectively connected to storage barrels of additives such as boric acid and sodium sulfate, and are used to quantitatively replenish additives to the electrodeposition solution;
进一步的，所述的温度调节模块包括温度实时监测探头、加热棒、PLC控制系统等，用于快速调节电沉积液温度；Further, the temperature adjustment module includes a real-time temperature monitoring probe, a heating rod, a PLC control system, etc., for quickly adjusting the temperature of the electrodeposition liquid;
进一步的，所述的电流电势调节模块用于调节电沉积的直流电源电流或电势的大小。Further, the current and potential adjustment module is used to adjust the size of the DC power supply current or potential of electrodeposition.
采用本发明的含镍废水浓缩液中电沉积回收金属镍的调控系统，连续运行镍废水浓缩液电沉积168h，回收镍板215kg，回收镍板平整、有光泽，纯度达到99.86％，电流效率达到98.6％；相较于无调控系统的电沉积系统，电能消耗下降22.7％，酸、碱和硼酸等添加剂的投加量下降43.6％，经济效益显著。Adopting the control system of the present invention for electrolytic deposition recovery of metallic nickel from nickel-containing wastewater concentrate, the electrodeposition of nickel wastewater concentrate was continuously operated for 168 hours, and 215kg of nickel plates were recovered. The recovered nickel plates were smooth and shiny, with a purity of 99.86% and a current efficiency of 99.86%. 98.6%; compared with the electrodeposition system without a control system, the power consumption is reduced by 22.7%, and the dosage of additives such as acid, alkali and boric acid is reduced by 43.6%, and the economic benefits are significant.
需要说明的是，在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。It should be noted that the logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, may be considered to be a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, which may be embodied in any computer. in a readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can retrieve and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device) Used by instruction execution systems, devices or equipment.
应当理解，本发明的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。例如，如果用硬件来实现，和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。It should be understood that various parts of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if it is implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or a combination of the following technologies known in the art: a logic gate circuit with a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal. Discrete logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGA), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), etc.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
此外，本发明实施例中所使用的“第一”、“第二”等术语，仅用于描述目的，而不可以理解为指示或者暗示相对重要性，或者隐含指明本实施例中所指示的技术特征数量。由此，本发明实施例中限定有“第一”、“第二”等术语的特征，可以明确或者隐含地表示该实施例中包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，词语“多个”的含义是至少两个或者两个及以上，例如两个、三个、四个等，除非实施例中另有明确具体的限定。In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and may not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance, or to implicitly indicate what is indicated in this embodiment. number of technical features. Therefore, features defined by terms such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of the present invention may explicitly or implicitly indicate that the embodiment includes at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the word "plurality" means at least two or two and more, such as two, three, four, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited in the embodiment.
在本发明中，除非实施例中另有明确的相关规定或者限定，否则实施例中出现的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”和“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，连接可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体，可以理解的，也可以是机械连接、电连接等；当然，还可以是直接相连，或者通过中间媒介进行间接连接，或者可以是两个元件内部的连通，或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，能够根据具体的实施情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the present invention, unless there are other clear relevant provisions or limitations in the embodiments, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixing" appearing in the embodiments should be understood in a broad sense. For example, connection can It can be a fixed connection, or it can be a detachable connection, or it can be integrated. It can be understood that it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, etc.; of course, it can also be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be two The internal connection between components, or the interaction between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific implementation conditions.
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated and limited, a first feature being "on" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. touch. Furthermore, the terms "above", "above" and "above" the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. "Below", "below" and "beneath" the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments are subject to changes, modifications, substitutions and variations.
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