CN117661665A

CN117661665A - River dredging equipment and dredging method

Info

Publication number: CN117661665A
Application number: CN202311694048.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朋志彬; 吴能; 石国平; 孙永胜
Original assignee: Anhui Taiping Construction Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Taiping Construction Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-12-09
Filing date: 2023-12-09
Publication date: 2024-03-08

Abstract

The application relates to river dredging equipment and a river dredging method, which are applied to the field of river dredging. The river bottom dredging device comprises a ship body, a dredging assembly and a treatment assembly, wherein the dredging assembly is used for sucking river bottom sludge, and is characterized in that the dredging assembly is arranged on a deck of the ship body and stretches into the river bottom. The treatment assembly is arranged in the cabin of the ship body and is communicated with the dredging assembly, and the dredging assembly conveys sludge to the treatment assembly; the treatment assembly comprises a separation part and a storage part, wherein the separation part is communicated with the storage part, and the dredging assembly is communicated with the separation part to convey sludge to the separation part. This application has the effect that promotes river course desilting efficiency.

Description

River dredging equipment and dredging method

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of river dredging, in particular to river dredging equipment and a dredging method.

Background

River dredging is one of the important links in river management. The mud suction equipment is generally used for sucking and treating river bottom mud.

The mud sucking equipment is divided into shore-based equipment and ship-based equipment, wherein temporary cofferdam is required to be built for temporarily blocking a river channel when the shore-based equipment is used, and the dredging speed is high in the mode, but secondary pollution is caused to the river channel due to the fact that the temporary cofferdam is required to be built.

In order to solve the problem of the secondary pollution of the temporary cofferdam, the ship-based equipment is used for sucking river bottom sludge, a pipeline of the suction dredger stretches into the river bottom to suck, the ship body mainly plays roles of dragging and providing suction power, the sucked sludge is temporarily stored on the suction dredger, the sludge on the suction dredger is transported again for innocent treatment when the suction dredger is on shore, the water content of the sludge is still high during transportation, the transportation efficiency is low, and finally the whole dredging efficiency is dragged slowly.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem of low dredging efficiency of ship-based equipment, the application provides river dredging equipment and a dredging method.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a river dredging apparatus, which adopts the following technical scheme:

the river dredging equipment comprises a ship body, a dredging component and a processing component, wherein the dredging component is used for sucking river bottom sludge, and the dredging component is arranged on a deck of the ship body and extends into the river bottom. The treatment assembly is arranged in the cabin of the ship body and is communicated with the dredging assembly, and the dredging assembly conveys sludge to the treatment assembly;

the treatment assembly comprises a separation part and a storage part, wherein the separation part is communicated with the storage part, and the dredging assembly is communicated with the separation part to convey sludge to the separation part.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sludge can be primarily extruded in the cabin of the ship body to discharge water, and the water can not be remained in the cabin, so that most of the water in the sludge is discharged, the volume is reduced, and a large amount of sludge can be accommodated in the cabin. Even if the river channel dredging device needs to be transported for further treatment, more silt can be transported every time, and the river channel dredging efficiency is improved.

Optionally, the separation portion includes the separation cabin, the separation cabin is fixed on the lateral wall of cabin, the storage portion includes the storage mud cabin, the open top of separation cabin with dredging assembly intercommunication, be equipped with the wash port on the lateral wall of separation cabin, the wash port passes through the drain pipe and discharges, the storage mud cabin is arranged in the below of separation cabin, the mud mouth is seted up to the bottom of separation cabin, the bottom of separation cabin is equipped with the shutoff piece and is used for sealing or opening out the mud mouth, be equipped with the extrusion piece in the separation cabin and be used for the extrusion the silt in the separation cabin.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the silt directly gets into in the separation cabin by the extrusion piece extrusion, and the silt dehydration of extrusion completion, the separation cabin plays the effect of mould, forms regular shape after the silt dehydration, even needs to transport, it is also more convenient to transport.

Optionally, the separation cabin includes outer cabin and interior cabin, interior cabin cover is established and is fixed in outer cabin, the wash port is located on the lateral wall of outer cabin, offer a plurality of filtration pores on the lateral wall of interior cabin, dredging module with interior cabin is led to interior cabin transport silt, the extrusion piece is arranged in interior cabin extrusion silt.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the filtration pore on the inner chamber lateral wall plays the effect of filtration water in extrusion process, and moisture flows to outer cabin through the filtration pore to discharge through the drain pipe.

Optionally, the extrusion piece includes cylinder and stripper plate, the cylinder is fixed on the lateral wall of cabin, the stripper plate is located in the drive shaft of cylinder and by the cylinder drive is in the interior cabin is in the reciprocal flexible of direction of height of interior cabin, be equipped with into mud hole on the stripper plate, advance mud hole with the dredging subassembly passes through flexible pipe intercommunication.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, offer into mud hole on the stripper plate, the silt can be constantly got into in the interior cabin by the extrusion in the extrusion process, finally is filled with the interior cabin by the silt of extrusion dehydration to form the mud piece of fixed shape, be convenient for transport, thereby promote the efficiency of transporting the processing.

Optionally, the shutoff piece includes shrouding and actuating cylinder, the actuating cylinder is fixed in the bottom of separation cabin, the shrouding with the axle fixed connection of actuating cylinder is by the actuating cylinder drives and is close to or keep away from the mud mouth.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sealing plate seals the mud outlet in the process of squeezing the mud to dewater, and the sealing plate is opened to push out the molded mud by the thrust of the squeezing plate after the mud is squeezed and the inner cabin is fully squeezed.

Optionally, a limiting groove is arranged at the bottom of the separation cabin, the limiting groove is arranged at the outer edge of the mud outlet, and the sealing plate is inserted into the limiting groove to reciprocate along the length direction of the limiting groove.

Optionally, the dredging assembly comprises a conveying hard pipe and a lowering part, the conveying hard pipe is hinged to a deck of the ship body, the lowering part is arranged on the ship body to drive one section of the conveying hard pipe to stretch into or stretch out of the river bottom, the conveying hard pipe is connected with a mud suction pump through a conveying hose, and the mud suction pump is communicated with the separation part and pumps mud to the separation part.

By adopting the technical scheme, the conveying hard pipe is placed in the river channel and contacted with the river bottom when the mud is required to be sucked, and then the ship body moves forwards to suck the mud. When the mud is not required to be sucked, the mud can be directly turned over to separate from the river channel.

Optionally, a winch is arranged at one end of the conveying hard pipe, which is arranged at the river bottom, and the winch rotates when the conveying hard pipe is inserted into the river bottom, so as to crush sludge at the river bottom.

By adopting the technical scheme, the winch breaks up the caked sludge and agitates the caked sludge, so that the sludge can be sucked more smoothly.

Optionally, the lower part includes pulley and hawser, and the one end of hawser is fixed on the reel, the reel rotates to be connected on the deck and is driven by the motor and rotate, and the pulley rotates to be connected on the deck, and the other end of hawser passes the pulley with carry hard tube fixed connection.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, receive and release the hawser through the motor when using, can conveniently control to carry the hard tube and put down or receive.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a river dredging method, which adopts the following technical scheme:

the river dredging method is realized by applying river dredging equipment and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a mud sucking step, namely extending a dredging assembly on the ship body into the river bottom, sucking mud at the river bottom, and conveying the mud to an inner cabin along the dredging assembly;

the extrusion separation step, namely, after the sludge enters the inner cabin, the extrusion plate moves towards the inner cabin to extrude the sludge, and the sludge continuously enters the inner cabin to be extruded by the extrusion plate in the extrusion process until the extruded sludge fills the inner cabin to form a sludge block, and water in the extrusion process is shunted to the outer cabin to be subjected to solid-liquid separation;

and in the discharging step, after the sludge forms a sludge block, the blocking piece moves to open the sludge outlet, the extruding plate continues to move downwards to push the sludge block out of the inner cabin from the sludge outlet and then to be stored in the sludge storage cabin, and the process is finished.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects:

1. the water in the sludge can be discharged by preliminary extrusion in the cabin of the ship body, and the water can not be remained in the cabin, so that most of the water in the sludge is discharged, the volume is reduced, and a large amount of sludge can be contained in the cabin. Even if the river channel is required to be transported for further treatment, more silt can be transported each time of transportation, so that the efficiency of dredging the river channel is improved;

2. the sludge directly enters the separation cabin and is extruded by the extrusion piece, the extruded sludge is dehydrated, the separation cabin plays a role of a die, and the sludge is dehydrated to form a regular shape, so that the transportation is more convenient even if the transportation is needed;

3. offer into mud hole on the stripper plate, the silt can be constantly got into in the extrusion process and extruded in the interior cabin, finally be filled with the interior cabin by the silt of extrusion dehydration to form the mud piece of fixed shape, be convenient for transport, thereby promote the efficiency of transporting the processing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a river dredging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an internal structure of a dredging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of FIG. 2A;

in the figure: 1. a hull; 2. a dredging assembly; 21. conveying a hard pipe; 211. a winch; 22. a conveying hose; 23. a lowering part; 231. a cable; 232. a pulley; 233. a reel; 3. a processing assembly; 31. a separation section; 311. a separation chamber; 3111. an outer compartment; 3112. an inner compartment; 3113. a filter hole; 312. a drain pipe; 313. a blocking member; 3131. a sealing plate; 314. an extrusion; 3141. an extrusion plate; 3142. a cylinder; 3143. a telescopic tube; 32. a storage section; 321. a mud storage cabin; 322. a track.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with fig. 1-3.

The embodiment of the application discloses river dredging equipment. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the river dredging device comprises a hull 1, wherein a dredging assembly 2 and a treatment assembly 3 are mounted on the hull 1, the dredging assembly 2 stretches into a river bottom and extracts sludge at the river bottom, the treatment assembly 3 is fixed in a cabin of the hull 1, the dredging assembly 2 is communicated with the treatment assembly 3, and the sludge extracted from the river bottom directly enters the treatment assembly 3 for compaction and dehydration. The sludge can be primarily extruded in the cabin of the ship body 1 to discharge water, and the water cannot be left in the cabin, so that most of the water in the sludge is discharged, the volume is reduced, and a large amount of sludge can be contained in the cabin. Even if the river channel dredging device needs to be transported for further treatment, more silt can be transported every time, and the river channel dredging efficiency is improved.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the processing assembly 3 includes a separating portion 31 and a storage portion 32, the separating portion 31 and the storage portion 32 being in communication, the storage portion 32 being for storing the sludge after compression dewatering. The separation portion 31 comprises a separation cabin 311, the separation cabin 311 is fixed on the side wall of the cabin, the storage portion 32 comprises a mud storage cabin 321, a top opening of the separation cabin 311 is communicated with the dredging assembly 2, a drain hole is formed in the side wall of the separation cabin 311 and is discharged through a drain pipe 312, the mud storage cabin 321 is arranged below the separation cabin 311, a mud outlet is formed in the bottom of the separation cabin 311, a blocking piece 313 is arranged at the bottom of the separation cabin 311 and used for blocking or opening the mud outlet, and an extrusion piece 314 is arranged in the separation cabin 311 and used for extruding mud in the separation cabin 311. The mud extracted from the river bottom by the dredging assembly 2 directly enters the separation cabin 311 and is extruded by the extrusion piece 314, water in the mud is discharged from the drain hole on the side wall of the rod component, the mud extracted from the river bottom in the extrusion process of the extrusion piece 314 continuously enters the separation cabin 311 and is extruded and dehydrated by the extrusion piece 314 until the separation cabin 311 is filled with the mud, at the moment, the plugging piece 313 is opened, and the extruded mud is pushed out of the separation cabin 311 by the extrusion piece 314 and falls into the mud storage cabin 321 for temporary storage.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the mud storage compartment 321 may be formed by a compartment partition, or may be a separate upper opening tank. When the mud storage cabin 321 is a box body with an upper opening, the rail 322 is paved at the bottom of the cabin, the box body is erected on the rail 322 and can move along the length direction of the rail 322, and the box body is quickly taken out from the cabin after the cabin is opened, so that the transportation is facilitated. The separation chamber 311 includes an outer chamber 3111 and an inner chamber 3112, a plurality of filtering apertures 3113 are formed in a sidewall of the inner chamber 3112, and the inner chamber 3112 is secured inside the outer chamber 3111. The extrusion 314 is placed in the inner tank 3112 and the sludge extracted by the dredging module 2 is also directly transferred to the inner tank 3112, and the water removed from the sludge after the extrusion 314 extrudes the sludge is directly flowed through the filtering holes 3113 to the space between the inner tank 3112 and the outer tank 3111. The outer cabin 3111 is provided with a drain hole, the drain hole is communicated with a drain pipe 312, and the drain pipe 312 directly extends out of the cabin, namely, water pressed out of the sludge can be directly discharged into a river again. Of course, a water storage cabin can be isolated from the cabin for storing water squeezed out of the sludge, and a water outlet can be formed in the water storage cabin and closed by a valve. The water pump can be used for being in butt joint with the water outlet to empty the water storage cabin, the valve can be opened when being in butt joint with the water pump, the valve is closed in the normal dredging process, water separated out from the silt can be temporarily stored in the water storage cabin, and the water in the water storage cabin can also be used as ballast water.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the pressing member 314 includes an air cylinder 3142 and a pressing plate 3141, the air cylinder 3142 is fixed to a side wall of the cabin, the pressing plate 3141 is provided on a driving shaft of the air cylinder 3142 and is driven by the air cylinder 3142 to reciprocate in the inner cabin 3112 in a height direction of the inner cabin 3112, and a mud inlet hole is provided in the pressing plate 3141 and communicates with the dredging assembly 2 through a telescopic pipe 3143. And a one-way inlet valve is arranged at the mud inlet hole to avoid the reverse flow of mud in the extrusion process. The one-way intake valve is installed at the end face of the mud intake hole near the inner compartment 3112. The one-way inlet valve comprises a valve plate and a torsion spring, and the outer edge of the valve plate is rotationally connected to the side wall of the mud inlet hole. Specifically, a rotating shaft is fixed on the inner wall of the mud inlet hole, a shaft hole adapted to the rotating shaft is formed in the valve plate, and the valve plate is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft through the shaft hole. The torsion spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring is fixed on the side wall of the shaft hole, and the other end of the torsion spring is fixed on the rotating shaft. The torsion spring drives the valve plate to be always abutted on the end face of the mud inlet hole, namely, the torsion spring is not stressed in the initial state without external force action, and the valve plate is always abutted on the end face of the mud inlet hole, so that the mud inlet hole is normally closed. And when silt passes through the mud inlet hole, the valve plate is pushed by the silt, so that the valve plate is opened, the torsion spring deforms to store force in the opening process of the valve plate, so that the mud inlet hole is always in a closed state under the condition that no silt passes through, the extrusion plate 3141 can bear extrusion force when extruding the silt, and the reflux probability of the silt from the mud inlet hole is reduced.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a mud outlet is formed in the bottom of the separation cabin 311, the plugging member 313 includes a plugging member 313 including a sealing plate 3131 and a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the separation cabin 311, and the sealing plate 3131 is fixedly connected with a shaft of the driving cylinder and is driven by the driving cylinder to be close to or far away from the mud outlet. The periphery of the mud outlet can be provided with a limit groove. The sealing plate 3131 is inserted into the limit groove and can move in the limit groove. The sealing plate 3131 seals the sludge outlet in the process of squeezing sludge for dewatering, and when sludge is squeezed and the inner tank 3112 is fully squeezed, the sealing plate 3131 is opened, and the squeezing plate 3141 pushes dewatered sludge to separate from the inner tank 3112 from the sludge outlet for temporary storage in the sludge storage tank 321 while the sealing plate 3131 is opened. The sealing plate 3131 can also be driven to rotate by a separate motor, and when the motor rotates to close the mud outlet, the motor is self-locking, so that the sealing plate 3131 can bear the pressure of the extruding plate 3141 until the dehydrated mud fills the whole inner cabin 3112, and the sealing plate 3131 can be driven to rotate and open to be matched with the extruding plate 3141 to push the dehydrated mud into the mud storage cabin 321.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a section of the dredging module 2 is required to extend into the river bed to extract sludge from the river bed, so that the dredging module 2 comprises a conveying hard pipe 21 and a lowering part 23, the conveying hard pipe 21 is hinged on the deck of the hull 1, the lowering part 23 is arranged on the hull 1 to drive a section of the conveying hard pipe 21 to extend into or extend out of the river bed, the conveying hard pipe 21 is connected with a sludge suction pump through a conveying hose 22, the sludge suction pump is communicated with the separation part 31, and the sludge is pumped to the separation part 31. One end of the hard conveying pipe 21 placed on the river bottom is provided with a winch 211, and when the hard conveying pipe 21 is inserted into the river bottom, the winch 211 rotates to crush sludge on the river bottom. The lowering portion 23 includes a pulley 232 and a cable 231, one end of the cable 231 is fixed on a reel 233, the reel 233 is rotatably connected to the deck and is driven to rotate by a motor, the pulley 232 is rotatably connected to the deck, and the other end of the cable 231 passes through the pulley 232 to be fixedly connected with the hard pipe 21. When the suction is needed, the motor drives the reel 233 to lower the cable 231, the conveying hard pipe 21 is placed in the river and contacted with the river bottom, and then the ship body 1 moves forwards to suck the suction. When the suction is not needed, the motor still drives the reel 233 to tighten the cable 231, so as to drive the hard conveying pipe 21 to directly turn over and separate from the river channel.

The river dredging equipment in this application can be by preliminary extrusion drainage moisture in the cabin of hull 1 when using, and moisture also can not leave in the cabin, and the moisture in the silt is most discharged this moment, and the volume diminishes, therefore can hold a large amount of silt in the cabin. Even if the river channel dredging device needs to be transported for further treatment, more silt can be transported every time, and the river channel dredging efficiency is improved.

The embodiment of the application also discloses a river dredging method, which is realized by using the river dredging equipment. The dredging method comprises the following steps:

in the mud sucking step, the motor drives the reel 233 to rotate, the cable rope 231 is lowered, the hard conveying pipe 21 rotates around the hinge point in the lowering process and finally is inserted into the river channel until the river bottom, at the moment, the ship body 1 is driven to move along the river channel, the mud sucking pump is started to suck mud in the river channel into the ship body 1 for compression and dehydration, the mud in the river channel can be cleaned along with the movement of the ship body 1, and a temporary cofferdam is not required to be built in the whole process, so that secondary pollution to water quality is avoided.

In the extrusion separation step, sludge is directly conveyed to the inner cabin 3112 after entering the ship cabin and fills the inner cabin 3112, at the moment, the extrusion plate 3141 is driven to move to want the inner cabin 3112, the sludge in the inner cabin 3112 is extruded, the water in the sludge is directly extruded, the volume of the sludge is reduced until the extrusion plate 3141 cannot move any more, the extrusion plate 3141 is withdrawn at the moment, the sludge pumped from the river bottom continuously enters the inner cabin 3112, the extrusion plate 3141 repeatedly enters the inner cabin 3112 for continuous extrusion, and the process is repeated for a plurality of times until the sludge in the inner cabin 3112 cannot be extruded and fills the whole inner cabin 3112, and the compressed sludge forms a sludge block and is molded by the inner cabin 3112 in the extrusion process, so that the sludge block with a fixed size is formed.

And in the discharging step, after the mud blocks in the inner cabin 3112 are molded, the sealing plate 3131 is opened, at the moment, the squeezing plate 3141 enters the inner cabin 3112 for the last time to push the mud blocks out of the inner cabin 3112 and fall into the mud storage cabin 321 for temporary storage, and after the mud storage cabin 321 is full of the ship body 1 and is on the shore, a worker opens the cabin to push the mud storage cabin 321 out of the cabin and clean the mud blocks therein. So as to facilitate dredging and dredging of other areas of the river channel.

The silt that absorbs comes is formed through preliminary extrusion dehydration, so the silt quantity that the suction dredger can hold once is more, and because silt has formed the mud piece that the specification is the same when needing to transport the processing silt, it is more convenient to transport to the efficiency of the river course dredging that indirectly improves. Meanwhile, as the moisture in the sludge is primarily removed, the removed moisture can be temporarily stored in the cabin, and the water pump can be synchronously utilized for emptying when the sludge is cleaned, so that the river channel cannot be polluted, and the dredging effect is better.

The river dredging method disclosed in the application adopts the squeeze plate 3141 to initially compress the pumped and sucked sludge during use, the compressed sludge forms a mud block, the transportation is more convenient, and the water is removed, so that the sludge quantity transported each time is increased, and the river dredging efficiency is indirectly improved. Because the water and the sludge are primarily separated when the ship body 1 moves, the workload of solid-liquid separation in the subsequent treatment process is reduced, and the efficiency of the subsequent sludge treatment is improved.

The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. The river dredging equipment comprises a ship body (1), a dredging component (2) and a processing component (3), wherein the dredging component (2) is used for sucking river bottom sludge, and the river dredging equipment is characterized in that the dredging component (2) is arranged on a deck of the ship body (1) and stretches into a river bottom. The treatment assembly (3) is arranged in the cabin of the ship body (1) and is communicated with the dredging assembly (2), and the dredging assembly (2) conveys sludge to the treatment assembly (3);

the treatment assembly (3) comprises a separation part (31) and a storage part (32), the separation part (31) is communicated with the storage part (32), and the dredging assembly (2) is communicated with the separation part (31) to convey sludge to the separation part (31).

2. The river dredging equipment according to claim 1, wherein the separation part (31) comprises a separation cabin (311), the separation cabin (311) is fixed on the side wall of the cabin, the storage part (32) comprises a mud storage cabin (321), a top opening of the separation cabin (311) is communicated with the dredging component (2), a drainage hole is formed in the side wall of the separation cabin (311), the drainage hole is discharged through a drainage pipe (312), the mud storage cabin (321) is arranged below the separation cabin (311), a mud outlet is formed in the bottom of the separation cabin (311), a blocking piece (313) is arranged at the bottom of the separation cabin (311) and used for closing or opening the mud outlet, and an extrusion piece (314) is arranged in the separation cabin (311) and used for extruding mud in the separation cabin (311).

3. The river dredging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the separation tank (311) comprises an outer tank (3111) and an inner tank (3112), the inner tank (3112) is sleeved and fixed in the outer tank (3111), the drain hole is formed in a side wall of the outer tank (3111), a plurality of filter holes (3113) are formed in a side wall of the inner tank (3112), the dredging assembly (2) is communicated with the inner tank (3112) to convey sludge to the inner tank (3112), and the extrusion member (314) is disposed in the inner tank (3112) to extrude the sludge.

4. A dredging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pressing member (314) comprises a cylinder (3142) and a pressing plate (3141), the cylinder (3142) is fixed on the side wall of the cabin, the pressing plate (3141) is arranged on the driving shaft of the cylinder (3142) and is driven by the cylinder (3142) to reciprocate in the inner cabin (3112) along the height direction of the inner cabin (3112), the pressing plate (3141) is provided with a mud inlet, and the mud inlet is communicated with the dredging assembly (2) through a telescopic pipe (3143).

5. The river dredging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the blocking member (313) comprises a sealing plate (3131) and a driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the separation chamber (311), and the sealing plate (3131) is fixedly connected with the shaft of the driving cylinder, and is driven by the driving cylinder to approach or separate from the mud outlet.

6. The river dredging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a limiting groove is provided at the bottom of the separation chamber (311), the limiting groove is provided at the outer edge of the mud outlet, and the sealing plate (3131) is inserted into the limiting groove to reciprocate along the length direction of the limiting groove.

7. Dredging apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the dredging assembly (2) comprises a conveying hard pipe (21) and a lowering part (23), the conveying hard pipe (21) is hinged on the deck of the hull (1), the lowering part (23) is arranged on the hull (1) to drive a section of the conveying hard pipe (21) to extend into or extend out of the river bottom, the conveying hard pipe (21) is connected with a dredge pump through a conveying hose (22), the dredge pump is communicated with the separating part (31), and the dredge pump pumps sludge to the separating part (31).

8. River dredging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a winch (211) is provided at one end of the conveying pipe (21) placed at the river bottom, and the winch (211) rotates when the conveying pipe (21) is inserted into the river bottom, and the sludge at the river bottom is crushed.

9. The dredging apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the lowering part (23) comprises a pulley (232) and a cable (231), one end of the cable (231) is fixed on a reel (233), the reel (233) is rotatably connected to the deck and is rotated by a motor, the pulley (232) is rotatably connected to the deck, and the other end of the cable (231) is fixedly connected to the hard pipe (21) through the pulley (232).

10. A river dredging method implemented by the river dredging device according to claim 4, comprising the following steps:

a mud sucking step, namely, a dredging component (2) on the ship body (1) stretches into the river bottom, mud at the river bottom is sucked, and the mud is conveyed to an inner cabin (3112) along the dredging component (2);

an extrusion separation step, namely, after the sludge enters the inner cabin (3112), the extrusion plate (3141) moves towards the inner cabin (3112) to extrude the sludge, the sludge continuously enters the inner cabin (3112) to be extruded by the extrusion plate (3141) in the extrusion process until the extruded sludge fills the inner cabin (3112) to form a sludge block, and water in the extrusion process is shunted to the outer cabin (3111) to be subjected to solid-liquid separation;

and in the discharging step, after the sludge forms a sludge block, the blocking piece (313) moves to open the sludge outlet, the extruding plate (3141) continues to move downwards to push the sludge block out of the inner cabin (3112) from the sludge outlet and then the sludge block falls into the sludge storage cabin (321) for storage, and the process is finished.