CN117652369A - Method for remarkably improving mountain forestation survival rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for remarkably improving the survival rate of mountain forestation, which comprises the following steps: adopts spread wing type large fish scale pit soil preparation: according to the position and the gradient of the hillside, carrying out strip cutting irrigation along the contour line direction, excavating pits similar to half-moon shapes, and building arc-shaped external ridges by using stones; the water and soil flushed above the water and soil are conveniently cut off and stored in a reverse slope shape; after the fish scale pit is dug, collecting surrounding earth surface soil, piling the surrounding earth surface soil into the pit, and improving the soil environment; burying a water storage tank at the position of planting the seedlings in the fish scale pits to store water for later planting of the seedlings; selecting seedlings, grasping proper forestation time, transporting the seedlings with high efficiency, scientifically planting the seedlings and managing and protecting the seedlings with long efficiency; the invention adopts the spreading wing type large scale pit soil preparation, adopts the soil collecting method and the water storage method, strictly controls the quality during seedling selection, selects container seedlings, adopts the water retaining agent and the black film for covering during planting, improves the survival rate of the seedlings from each link, achieves the standard of 'one-time forestation and one-time survival', and achieves the forestation purpose and effect of basic forestation.

Description

A method to significantly improve the survival rate of mountain afforestation

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method of mountain afforestation, in particular to a method that significantly improves the survival rate of mountain afforestation.

Background technique

In the high and steep barren mountains in the north, the difficulty in greening is the lack of soil and water, the soil is infertile, and the conditions for water supply are not yet available. Afforestation is difficult and seedlings are difficult to survive.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that can solve the site conditions for afforestation in barren mountains and significantly improve the survival rate of mountain afforestation with water storage and moisture conservation capabilities.

The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A method to significantly improve the survival rate of mountain afforestation is as follows:

S1: Site preparation

1) Use the wing-type large fish scale pit land preparation: Carry out land preparation 1-2 seasons before afforestation. Land preparation method: According to the location and slope of the hillside, carry out strip cutting and irrigation along the contour direction, according to the horizontal row spacing of 3m×3m According to the standard, a roughly half-moon-shaped pit is excavated, and the picked stones are used to build an arc-shaped outer bank; it is in the shape of an inverted slope to facilitate the collection of water and soil washed down from above; the inner soil is retained during excavation and backfilled. Topsoil, specifications are 100cm × 80cm × 50cm. All fish scale pits are arranged in a "pin" shape from bottom to top along the contour lines; at both ends of the pit, the width and depth of the excavation are about 0.2 to 0.3m each, in an inverted "eight" shape. cut-off ditch; and minimize damage to surrounding shrubs and mountains;

2) Soil collection method:

If the soil in the afforestation land is poor, after digging the fish scale pit, collect the surrounding surface soil and pile it into the pit, or collect part of the soil from the plot with thicker soil and bring it to the fish scale pit with poor soil to increase the thickness of the soil in the fish scale pit. , improve the soil environment;

3) Water storage method:

During land preparation, a water storage tank is buried in the fish scale pit where the seedlings are planted. The surface of the pit is covered with a film, and the surrounding film is compacted with stones to prevent it from being blown open by the wind. There is a drain hole in the film above the water storage tank, which can be used. Small stones are pressed down to form a funnel shape to collect rainwater during rainfall and store water for later planting of seedlings;

S2: Seedling selection

The primary problem faced by alpine afforestation is water shortage. The use of drought-resistant seedlings can effectively reduce the negative impact of drought;

1) Use different tree species in different areas:

Combined with geographical characteristics, fully consider the unity of the biological and ecological characteristics of suitable tree species and the site conditions of the afforestation site; select native tree species that are highly adaptable, drought-resistant, long-lived, deep-rooted, and have good protective benefits;

2) Specifications of seedlings of commonly used tree species for afforestation

Choose a nutrient cup seedling suitable for the soil type. The soil in the cup should have high viscosity and not break up. The seedling root system should be developed and not penetrate the cup. The seedling height should be more than 60cm, the diameter of the ground should be about 0.6cm, the seedling should be fully lignified, grow robustly, have a well-developed root system, and no traces. Grade I and II improved seedlings that are free of diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage and are more than two years old;

S3. Grasp the appropriate opportunity for afforestation:

The rainy season is a very important opportunity for afforestation on barren hills. If it rains after planting and there are several cloudy days, it is of great significance to improve the survival rate of afforestation. The afforestation time is arranged in the afternoon to reduce the impact of the sun on the seedlings, especially on the day of afforestation. The exposure time of the seedlings after a night of buffering can improve the resistance of the seedlings and also play a certain role in improving the afforestation rate; it is not allowed to wait for rain during periods of no rain or low rainfall, and the "three no planting" rules must be strictly followed. The principle is, "If it rains, there will be no plants. If the sky is not overcast, there will be no plants. If it rains, there will be no plants."

S4, efficient transport of seedlings

Seedling transportation is an important link in afforestation on barren hills. Efficient transportation can race against time to seize key afforestation opportunities and gain the most favorable time to complete afforestation;

S5. Scientific planting

Choose a drought-resistant water-retaining agent, which is an organic polymer with a unique three-dimensional network structure; it is safe and environmentally friendly, non-toxic and tasteless, and does not pollute plants, soil and groundwater; it can absorb excess water in the soil when the soil moisture is sufficient , slowly released for plants to use during drought, like miniature small reservoirs, improving the water supply conditions of the soil;

When afforestation is carried out in areas with poor environments such as high, steep and barren mountains, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents can be used to repeatedly release water and absorb water, retain moisture and save water, effectively inhibit water evaporation, improve the water storage and moisture retention capacity of Yulinkeng, and thereby increase the survival rate of seedlings;

S6. Long-term management and protection

1) Tree hole covering

After the afforestation is completed, when checking the film condition and cleaning the shrubs around the fish scale pit, cover the pit surface again to avoid water loss; 2) Loose soil and weeding

After planting the trees, loosen the soil every once in a while to keep the soil moist and avoid the growth of weeds;

3) Hole acupoint

During the rainy season, according to the amount of rainfall, the hole should be reorganized in a timely manner, and the edges of the fish scale pit should be kept with enclosures to facilitate water storage and prevent soil and saplings from being washed away by rain. Proper hole reorganization can reduce unnecessary losses;

4) Strengthen patrols

Arrange full-time and part-time management personnel to conduct patrols, set up fences in the afforestation area, and hang grazing prohibition warning signs to prevent seedlings from being harmed by livestock, wild herbivores, and man-made damage;

5) Fire prevention measures

Set up fire lanes or isolation zones in afforestation areas to block fire sources and prevent the spread of forest fires.

Compared with the existing technology, the present invention adopting the above technical solution adopts a wing-type large fish scale pit for soil preparation, and comprehensively applies the soil collection method and water storage method. When selecting seedlings, the quality is strictly controlled, and large-sized container seedlings are selected. Apply water-retaining agent and cover with black film to improve the survival rate of seedlings from all aspects, achieve the standard of "one-time afforestation, one-time survival", and achieve the purpose and effect of basic afforestation.

The present invention adopts the following preferred solutions:

In the S1 soil preparation step, more than two water storage tanks are buried, and 360ml plastic cups used for daily drinking are selected, which are not easy to be damaged and can be reused. The surface of the fish scale pit is covered with a black film.

In the S2 seedling selection step, select native tree species that have strong adaptability, drought tolerance, long life, deep roots, and good protection benefits, such as Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus cork, Quercus mongolica, Alpine apricot, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum; for afforestation plots According to the characteristics of the mountain topography, the tree species suitable for planting on the sunny slopes of the mountain are Platycladus arborvitae, mountain apricot, cork oak, and Quercus mongolica. The tree species suitable for planting on the shady slopes of the mountain are Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus cork, and Quercus mongolica. Specifications of Platycladus arborvitae seedlings Select the seedlings with a height of more than 60cm, the ground diameter of 5-6mm, and two to three-year-old seedlings; the specifications of mountain apricot, cork oak, and Mongolian oak seedlings are the seedlings of more than 60cm in height, the ground diameter of 3-5mm, and the three-year-old seedlings; the specifications of pine seedlings are: Seedling height is more than 70-100cm, ground diameter is 2-5cm, and the seedlings are three to four years old.

In the step of efficient seedling transportation in S4, depending on the mountainous conditions, seedlings can be transported by drone, by a pack team, or manually. For areas that are far away and cannot be reached by drones, a pack team can be used to transport seedlings. In the area covered by the drone's flight range, drones are used to transport seedlings. For areas with convenient access up and down the foot of the mountain, seedlings are transported manually. Comprehensive applications are used to improve transportation efficiency.

In the scientific planting step of S5, the drought-resistant water-retaining agent is used, which can absorb a thousand times of its own water. This can not only ensure the water required for normal plant growth, but also reduce the loss of water and nutrients due to evaporation, leakage, and loss. Ensure that plants can use more water. When the water-retaining agent is applied to the soil, it can change the surrounding soil from compact to loose with the regular changes of water absorption expansion and water loss contraction, improving the soil structure to a certain extent;

When planting seedlings, sprinkle a water-retaining agent into the planting hole at a dose of 10-15g/plant, mix it thoroughly with the soil, pour the rainwater stored in the water storage tank, then put the seedlings in the container, and then backfill with mature soil and The pit surface is leveled and compacted, and then completely covered with black film and compacted; finally, the weeds and small shrubs cut during land preparation are pressed on top of the film to further reduce the evaporation of water in the pit.

In the long-term management and protection step of S6, when covering tree holes, if the film is damaged, use local materials to cover stone chips, weeds, and wattle; when loosening the soil and weeding, choose the technique of dense first and then thinning, and the depth of loose soil for seedlings should be controlled In the range of 5-15cm.

In the long-term management and protection step of S6, among the fire prevention measures, before afforestation, fire roads or isolation zones must be appropriately planned in the afforestation area. One fire road needs to be planned for every 200-300 acres; depending on whether there is a fire hazard at the afforestation boundary, Determine the establishment of firebreaks or isolation belts; generally open firebreaks or isolation belts at afforestation boundaries, villager land boundaries or ridge lines. Firebreaks are generally 6 meters wide and fire isolation bandwidths are 15-20 meters. There are no fire lanes or isolation zones within For weeds and shrubs, special herbicides are sprayed in the zone from the end of May to early June every year, and weeds and shrubs are cleared in the zone from November to December every year to ensure that they have fire prevention effects.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples:

Taking the northern part of the Tangshan area where the applicant is located as an example, it is mostly steep and barren mountains. The difficulty in greening is the lack of soil and water, the soil is barren, and there is no water supply. It is difficult to afforestation and seedlings are not easy to survive. Therefore, this technology mainly solves the site conditions for afforestation in barren hills and improves the water storage and moisture conservation capacity of Yulinkeng. From many years of experience in afforestation on barren hills and technical demonstrations of afforestation on barren hills at test sites, we have summarized a series of scientific and effective technologies from land preparation, seedling selection, planting, to later management and protection.

This technology uses a wing-type large fish scale pit for land preparation, and comprehensively applies the soil collection method and water storage method. Strictly control the quality when selecting seedlings, select large-sized container seedlings, apply water-retaining agents and cover with black film during planting, from all aspects of the process. Improve the survival rate of seedlings, meet the standard of “one-time afforestation, one-time survival”, and achieve the purpose and effect of afforestation that is basically a forest.

1. Standardized land preparation

1.1 Wing-spread type large fish scale pit preparation

Carry out land preparation 1-2 seasons before afforestation, that is, in the autumn and winter of the previous year or the spring of the current year, try to avoid the rainy season to avoid soil erosion. First, the wing-type large fish scale pit land preparation improves soil moisture conditions in mountainous areas and increases the survival rate of afforestation; second, it creates conditions for the decay of weeds, etc., and better improves soil nutrient status; third, it prepares land in advance to facilitate production arrangements. Fish scale pit is a soil and water conservation afforestation and land preparation method. Half-moon-shaped pits are dug from top to bottom along the contour lines on steep beam slopes and ditch slopes, arranged in a Z-shaped arrangement, shaped like fish scales, so they are called fish scale pits.

Land preparation method: According to the location and slope of the hillside, carry out strip cutting and irrigation along the direction of the contour line. According to the standard of horizontal plant row spacing of 3m × 3m, dig approximately half-moon-shaped pits and build arcs with picked stones. Shape outside the ridge. It is in the shape of an inverted slope, which is convenient for collecting water and soil washed down from above. During excavation, the inner soil should be retained and the topsoil should be backfilled with a specification of 100cm × 80cm × 50cm. All fish scale pits are arranged in a "pin" shape from bottom to top along the contour lines. At both ends of the pit, dig an inverted "eight"-shaped water intercepting trench with a width and depth of about 0.2 to 0.3m each. And try to minimize damage to surrounding shrubs and mountains.

1.2 Soil collection method

If the soil in the afforestation land is poor, after digging the fish scale pit, you can collect the surrounding surface soil and pile it into the pit. You can also collect part of the soil from the plot with thicker soil and bring it to the fish scale pit with poor soil to increase the soil content in the fish scale pit. layer thickness to improve the soil environment.

1.3 Water storage method

During the early stage of land preparation, two water storage tanks were buried in the fish scale pit where the seedlings were planted. The water storage tanks can be made of 360ml plastic cups used for daily drinking, which are not easy to be damaged and can be reused. The surface of the pit is covered with a black film, and the surrounding area of the film is compacted with stones to prevent it from being blown open by the wind. There is a drain hole in the film above the water storage tank, which is pressed down with small stones to make it funnel-shaped, which is convenient for rainfall. Collect rainwater and store water for later planting of seedlings.

2. Rational selection of seedlings

The primary problem faced by afforestation in high and remote mountains is the lack of water resources. The use of drought-resistant seedlings can effectively reduce the negative impact of drought. In difficult sites, some seedlings can still survive. These seedlings have adapted to the drought and water shortage environment over a long period of time, survived in the harsh environment, and developed their own strong drought resistance. Cultivating these drought-resistant seedlings can obtain a large number of drought-tolerant tree species, which can improve the survival rate of seedlings in harsh environments.

2.1 Use different tree species in different areas

Combined with the local geographical characteristics, the unity of the biological and ecological characteristics of suitable tree species and the site conditions of the afforestation site should be fully considered. Priority should be given to native tree species that have strong adaptability, drought tolerance, long life, deep roots, and good protective benefits, such as arborvitae, pine, cork oak, mongol oak, mountain apricot, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Choose nutrient cup seedlings that are suitable for the local soil type. The soil in the cup should have high viscosity and not break up. The seedlings’ root system should be developed and not penetrate the cup. The seedlings should be over 60cm tall, with a ground diameter of about 0.6cm. They should be fully lignified, grow robustly, and have well-developed root systems. Grade I and II improved seedlings that are free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage to increase the survival rate of afforestation.

Based on the characteristics of our afforestation plot and combined with the mountain topography, the tree species suitable for planting on the sunny slopes of mountains are Platycladus arborvitae, mountain apricot, cork oak, and Quercus mongolica. Quercus et al.

2.2 Specifications of seedlings of commonly used tree species for afforestation

The specifications of Platycladus arborvitae seedlings are about 60cm in height, about 5-6mm in ground diameter, and are two to three-year-old seedlings; the specifications of Apricot apricot, cork oak, and Mongolian oak seedlings are about 60cm in height, about 3-5mm in ground diameter, and three-year-old seedlings; The specifications of Chinese pine seedlings are about 70-100cm in height and 2-5cm in ground diameter. They are three to four years old.

3． Grasp the right time for afforestation

The rainy season is a very important planting opportunity for afforestation on barren hills. If it rains after planting and there are several days of cloudy days, it is of great significance to improve the survival rate of afforestation. It is best to arrange the afforestation time in the afternoon to reduce the sun's exposure time to the seedlings, especially on the day of afforestation. After a night of buffering, the resistance of the seedlings can be improved, and it also plays a certain role in increasing the afforestation rate. Planting should not be forced to wait for rain during periods when there is no rain or little rainfall. The principle of "three no-planting" must be strictly followed, that is, "don't plant if it rains, don't plant if it's not overcast, and don't plant if it rains and it's sunny."

4． Highly efficient transport of seedlings

The transportation of seedlings is an important link in afforestation on barren hills. Efficient transportation can race against time to seize key afforestation opportunities and gain the most favorable time to complete afforestation.

Depending on the mountainous conditions, seedlings can be transported by drone, by team, or manually. For areas that are far away and cannot be reached by drones, packs can be used to transport seedlings. For areas covered by drones, Drones are used to transport seedlings, and seedlings are transported manually to convenient areas at the foot of the mountain. Comprehensive applications can improve transportation efficiency.

5.Scientific planting

Drought-resistant and water-retaining agent (potassium polyacrylate or polyacrylamide), also known as soil moisture retaining agent and water-absorbent resin, is an organic polymer with a unique three-dimensional network structure. It is safe and environmentally friendly, non-toxic and tasteless, and does not pollute plants, soil and groundwater. When the soil moisture is sufficient, it can absorb excess water in the soil. It can absorb a thousand times of its own water, and slowly release it for plants to use during droughts. They are like miniature small reservoirs, improving the water supply conditions of the soil. This can not only ensure the water required for normal growth of plants, but also reduce the loss of water and nutrients due to evaporation, leakage, and loss, ensuring that plants use more water. When the water-retaining agent is applied to the soil, it can change the surrounding soil from compact to loose with the regular changes of water absorption expansion and water loss contraction, improving the soil structure to a certain extent.

When carrying out afforestation in areas with poor environments such as high, steep and barren mountains, we use water-retaining agents to repeatedly release water and absorb water, retain moisture and save water, effectively inhibit water evaporation, improve the water storage and moisture retention capacity of Yulingkeng, and thereby increase the survival rate of seedlings.

5.1 Chemical agent moisture conservation method and covering method

When planting seedlings, sprinkle a water-retaining agent into the planting hole at a dose of 10-15g/plant, mix it thoroughly with the soil, pour the rainwater stored in the water storage tank, then put the seedlings in the container, and then backfill with mature soil and The pit surface is leveled and compacted, and then completely covered with black film and compacted. Finally, the weeds and small shrubs cut during land preparation are pressed on top of the film to further reduce the evaporation of water in the pit.

6. Long term care

6.1 Tree hole covering

After the afforestation is completed, check the film condition and clean the shrubs around the fish scale pit to cover the pit surface again to avoid water loss. If the film is damaged, use local materials to cover it with stone chips, weeds, wattle, etc.

6.2 Loose soil and weeding

After we finish planting the trees, we need to loosen the soil every once in a while to keep the soil moist and avoid the growth of weeds. Choose the technique of dense first and then thin. The depth of soil loosening for seedlings should be controlled within the range of 5-15cm.

6.3 Whole hole

During the rainy season, we conduct timely hole repairs based on the amount of rainfall, and keep the edges of the fish scale pits with enclosures to facilitate water storage and prevent soil and saplings from being washed away by rain. Proper hole repair can reduce unnecessary losses.

6.4 Strengthen patrols

Arrange full-time and part-time management personnel to conduct patrols, set up fences in the afforestation area, and hang grazing prohibition warning signs to prevent seedlings from being harmed by livestock, wild herbivores, and man-made damage.

6.5 Fire prevention measures

Set up fire lanes or isolation belts in afforestation areas to block fire sources and prevent the spread of forest fires. Before afforestation, fire protection roads or isolation zones must be appropriately planned in the afforestation area. One fire protection road needs to be planned for every 200-300 acres. Depending on whether there is a fire hazard at the afforestation boundary, it is determined to open a fire break or isolation zone. Generally, fire roads or isolation zones are set up at the boundaries of afforestation, villager land boundaries, ridge lines, etc. The fire roads are generally 6 meters wide and the fire isolation bandwidth is 15-20 meters. There should be no weeds or shrubs in the fire roads or isolation zones at the end of May every year. By the beginning of June, special herbicides are sprayed in the zone. From November to December every year, weeds and shrubs are cleared in the zone to ensure that they have fire prevention effects.

Claims (7)

1. A method to significantly improve the survival rate of mountain afforestation, proceed as follows: S1: Site preparation 1) Use the wing-type large fish scale pit land preparation: Carry out land preparation 1-2 seasons before afforestation. Land preparation method: According to the location and slope of the hillside, carry out strip cutting and irrigation along the contour direction, according to the horizontal row spacing of 3m×3m According to the standard, a roughly half-moon-shaped pit is excavated, and the picked stones are used to build an arc-shaped outer bank; it is in the shape of an inverted slope to facilitate the collection of water and soil washed down from above; the inner soil is retained during excavation and backfilled. Topsoil, specifications are 100cm × 80cm × 50cm. All fish scale pits are arranged in a "pin" shape from bottom to top along the contour lines; at both ends of the pit, the width and depth of the excavation are about 0.2 to 0.3m each, in an inverted "eight" shape. cut-off ditch; and minimize damage to surrounding shrubs and mountains; 2) Soil collection method: If the soil in the afforestation land is poor, after digging the fish scale pit, collect the surrounding surface soil and pile it into the pit, or collect part of the soil from the plot with thicker soil and bring it to the fish scale pit with poor soil to increase the thickness of the soil in the fish scale pit. , improve the soil environment; 3) Water storage method: During land preparation, a water storage tank is buried in the fish scale pit where the seedlings are planted. The surface of the pit is covered with a film, and the surrounding film is compacted with stones to prevent it from being blown open by the wind. There is a drain hole in the film above the water storage tank, which can be used. Small stones are pressed down to form a funnel shape to collect rainwater during rainfall and store water for later planting of seedlings; S2: Seedling selection The primary problem faced by alpine afforestation is water shortage. The use of drought-resistant seedlings can effectively reduce the negative impact of drought; 1) Use different tree species in different areas: Combined with geographical characteristics, fully consider the unity of the biological and ecological characteristics of suitable tree species and the site conditions of the afforestation site; select native tree species that are highly adaptable, drought-resistant, long-lived, deep-rooted, and have good protective benefits; 2) Specifications of seedlings of commonly used tree species for afforestation Choose a nutrient cup seedling suitable for the soil type. The soil in the cup should have high viscosity and not break up. The seedling root system should be developed and not penetrate the cup. The seedling height should be more than 60cm, the diameter of the ground should be about 0.6cm, the seedling should be fully lignified, grow robustly, have a well-developed root system, and no traces. Grade I and II improved seedlings that are free of diseases, insect pests and mechanical damage and are more than two years old; S3. Grasp the appropriate opportunity for afforestation: The rainy season is a very important opportunity for afforestation on barren hills. If it rains after planting and there are several cloudy days, it is of great significance to improve the survival rate of afforestation. The afforestation time is arranged in the afternoon to reduce the impact of the sun on the seedlings, especially on the day of afforestation. The exposure time of the seedlings after a night of buffering can improve the resistance of the seedlings and also play a certain role in improving the afforestation rate; it is not allowed to wait for rain during periods of no rain or low rainfall, and the "three no planting" rules must be strictly followed. The principle is, "If it rains, there will be no plants. If the sky is not overcast, there will be no plants. If it rains, there will be no plants." S4, efficient transport of seedlings Seedling transportation is an important link in afforestation on barren hills. Efficient transportation can race against time to seize key afforestation opportunities and gain the most favorable time to complete afforestation; S5. Scientific planting Choose a drought-resistant water-retaining agent, which is an organic polymer with a unique three-dimensional network structure; it is safe and environmentally friendly, non-toxic and tasteless, and does not pollute plants, soil and groundwater; it can absorb excess water in the soil when the soil moisture is sufficient , slowly released for plants to use during drought, like miniature small reservoirs, improving the water supply conditions of the soil; When afforestation is carried out in areas with poor environments such as high, steep and barren mountains, drought-resistant and water-retaining agents can be used to repeatedly release water and absorb water, retain moisture and save water, effectively inhibit water evaporation, improve the water storage and moisture retention capacity of Yulinkeng, and thereby increase the survival rate of seedlings; S6. Long-term management and protection 1) Tree hole covering After the afforestation is completed, when checking the film condition and cleaning the shrubs around the fish scale pit, cover the surface of the pit again to avoid water loss; 2) Loose soil and weeding After planting the trees, loosen the soil every once in a while to keep the soil moist and avoid the growth of weeds; 3) Hole acupoint During the rainy season, according to the amount of rainfall, the hole should be reorganized in a timely manner, and the edges of the fish scale pit should be kept with enclosures to facilitate water storage and prevent soil and saplings from being washed away by rain. Proper hole reorganization can reduce unnecessary losses; 4) Strengthen patrols Arrange full-time and part-time management personnel to conduct patrols, set up fences in the afforestation area, and hang grazing prohibition warning signs to prevent seedlings from being harmed by livestock, wild herbivores, and man-made damage; 5) Fire prevention measures Set up fire lanes or isolation zones in afforestation areas to block fire sources and prevent the spread of forest fires. 2. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountain afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the soil preparation step S1, more than two water storage tanks are buried, and 360ml plastic cups used for daily drinking are selected, which are not easily damaged. And can be reused; the surface of the fish scale pit is covered with a black film. 3. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountain afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seedling selection step S2, select native tree species with strong adaptability, drought resistance, long life, deep rooting, and good protective benefits. Such as Platycladus arborvitae, Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus mongolica, Quercus mongolica, Alpine apricot, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Based on the characteristics of the afforestation plot and combined with the mountainous terrain, tree species suitable for planting on mountain sunny slopes include Platycladus orientalis, Alpine apricot, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus mongolica. Tree species suitable for planting on shady slopes in mountainous areas include Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus cork, and Quercus mongolica; the specifications of Platycladus arborvitae seedlings should be over 60cm in height, 5-6mm in ground diameter, and two to three-year-old seedlings; seedlings of mountain apricot, cork oak, and Quercus mongolica The specifications of seedlings are over 60cm in height, 3-5mm in ground diameter, three-year-old seedlings; the specifications of Chinese pine seedlings are over 70-100cm in height, 2-5cm in ground diameter, and three to four-year-old seedlings. 4. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountainous afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step of highly efficient seedling transportation in S4, according to the mountain conditions, the seedlings are transported by drones, carried by teams or manually. For seedlings, for areas that are far away and cannot be reached by drone flights, we use pack teams to transport seedlings. For areas covered by drone flights, we use drones to transport seedlings. For areas that are convenient up and down the foot of the mountain, we use manual transport of seedlings. Comprehensive application, Improve transportation efficiency. 5. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountain afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the scientific planting step S5, a drought-resistant and water-retaining agent is selected which can absorb a thousand times of its own water, thus ensuring normal growth of plants. The required water can also reduce the loss of water and nutrients due to evaporation, leakage, and loss, ensuring that plants use more water. When the water-retaining agent is applied to the soil, it can change the surrounding soil from compact to loose with the regular changes of water absorption expansion and water loss contraction, improving the soil structure to a certain extent; When planting seedlings, sprinkle a water-retaining agent into the planting hole at a dose of 10-15g/plant, mix it thoroughly with the soil, pour the rainwater stored in the water storage tank, then put the seedlings in the container, and then backfill with mature soil and The pit surface is leveled and compacted, and then completely covered with black film and compacted; finally, the weeds and small shrubs cut during land preparation are pressed on top of the film to further reduce the evaporation of water in the pit. 6. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountain afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the long-term management and protection step S6, when covering the tree holes, if the film is damaged, local materials are used to cover stone chips, weeds, Vitex; when loosening soil and weeding, choose the technique of dense first and then thinning. The depth of loose soil for seedlings should be controlled within the range of 5-15cm. 7. The method of significantly improving the survival rate of mountain afforestation according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the long-term management and protection step S6, in the fire prevention measures, before afforestation, fire protection roads or isolation should be appropriately planned in the afforestation area. Zone, one fire road needs to be planned for every 200-300 acres; fire roads or isolation zones are determined to be opened based on whether there are fire hazards at the afforestation boundary; fire roads or isolation zones are generally set up at the afforestation boundary, villager land boundary or ridge line. The fire road is generally 6 meters wide, and the fire isolation belt is 15-20 meters wide. There are no weeds or shrubs in the fire road or isolation zone. From the end of May to the beginning of June every year, special herbicides are sprayed in the zone. From November to December every year, the zone is sprayed with special herbicides. Clear weeds and shrubs inside to ensure they are fireproof.