CN117601662B - Permanent magnet suspension structure for realizing stable operation of upper magnet and lower magnet in magnetic levitation pair deflection mode - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet suspension bogie structure for realizing stable operation of upper and lower magnet magnetic levitation pair offset, which relates to the technical field of rail transport vehicles and comprises the following components: the device comprises a celestial girder rail, a bogie and a permanent magnet suspension pair, wherein the celestial girder rail is of an inverted U-shaped structure, an installation cavity is formed in the celestial girder rail, and the bogie is vertically suspended in the installation cavity through suspension force generated by the permanent magnet suspension pair; the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet are arranged in a staggered manner, vertical levitation force is generated, and transverse lateral deflection force is generated, so that the bogie frame is levitated by the vertical levitation force, and the weight of the whole transportation system is borne, the upper driving wheel and the lower driving wheel are always attached to the side wall of one side of the roof beam track under the action of the transverse lateral deflection force generated by the permanent magnet levitation pair, the stable running of the vehicle can be ensured, and the abrasion rate of the driving wheels is greatly reduced due to the fact that the lateral deflection force is smaller relative to the vertical levitation force.

Description

A permanent magnetic suspension structure that realizes stable operation by offsetting the upper and lower magnetic levitation pairs

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transportation vehicles, and more particularly to a permanent magnetic suspension structure in which upper and lower magnetic suspension pairs are offset to achieve stable operation.

Background Art

In the following discussion, "vertical" refers to the direction of gravitational acceleration, "longitudinal" refers to the forward direction, "lateral" refers to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the "vertical" and "longitudinal" directions, on-board magnets refer to the magnetic groups installed on the bogies, and track magnets refer to the magnetic groups installed on the skylight tracks.

Maglev trains use magnetic force to overcome weight to suspend vehicles. Under the guidance of magnetic force, the drive system drives the vehicle to run. There are mainly superconducting electric maglev trains, conventional electromagnetic attraction high-speed maglev trains, and conventional electromagnetic attraction medium- and low-speed maglev trains. The above maglev trains have different ways of achieving guidance, but they all cost a lot. Electromagnetic levitation trains need to add additional electromagnets and complex control systems to achieve guidance, and electric suspension needs to add superconducting magnets and complex guidance coils. The above guidance methods all require additional technology and means to achieve guidance, which increases the cost and the complexity and instability of the system.

The permanent magnetic levitation track system was first proposed by Jiangxi University of Science and Technology in 2014. A 60-meter technical verification line was built in 2019, and an 880-meter engineering test line was built in 2022, achieving a historic breakthrough in technology from 0 to 1. The guide wheels on the bogie are used to limit the range of motion of the bogie in the sky beam to achieve guidance. However, due to errors in the manufacturing and installation of the sky beam, the lateral force generated by the permanent magnetic levitation will continue to change direction and cannot achieve stable guidance.

In the "Red Track" engineering test line of the permanent magnet maglev transportation system built by Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, the sky beam is an open structure with track magnets installed at its bottom and vehicle-mounted magnets installed at the lower part of the bogie. The vehicle-mounted magnets and track magnets form a permanent magnet suspension pair to generate suspension force.

However, according to the characteristics of permanent magnetic suspension, when the centers of the on-board magnet and the track magnet are aligned, there is only vertical suspension force between the two. But in actual situations, there is no alignment between the centers of the two in the theoretical sense. Therefore, the suspension will produce a side force. In order to limit the influence of the side force, guide wheels are arranged on the left and right sides of the upper and lower parts of the bogie respectively. Under the action of the guide wheels, the bogie will move along the inner wall of the sky beam.

1. The lateral deviation characteristic is a major drawback of permanent magnetic suspension, and the lateral deviation force is a nonlinear and uncontrollable form. The existing technology arranges guide wheels on the left and right sides of the bogie to stabilize the running track of the bogie. However, during the operation, the permanent magnetic suspension pair formed by the on-board magnets and the track magnets is affected by the errors in the manufacturing and installation of the sky beam, causing the on-board magnets and the track magnets to be misaligned back and forth in the lateral direction, causing the lateral deviation force to fluctuate and change direction continuously, resulting in the bogie constantly swinging back and forth in the sky beam, and the running track is unstable, thereby generating impacts, affecting the running stability of the permanent magnetic levitation train.

2. In the prior art, the guide wheel is a solid rubber wheel. As the bogie swings back and forth in the beam, the guide wheel continuously impacts the beam, which reduces the service life of the guide wheel and the reliability of the guide.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnetic suspension structure that can realize stable operation by offsetting the magnetic suspension pair of upper and lower magnets, so as to solve the technical problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A permanent magnetic suspension structure that achieves stable operation by offsetting upper and lower magnetic suspension pairs comprises: a sky beam track, a bogie and a permanent magnetic suspension pair, wherein the sky beam track has an installation cavity, and the bogie is vertically suspended in the installation cavity by the suspension force generated by the permanent magnetic suspension pair; an upper driving wheel and a lower driving wheel are provided on one side of the bogie, and the upper driving wheel and the lower driving wheel always keep in contact with the side wall of one side of the sky beam track under the action of the lateral force generated by the permanent magnetic suspension pair.

In some embodiments, the permanent magnetic suspension pair is composed of vehicle-mounted magnets and track magnets, the vehicle-mounted magnets include left-side vehicle-mounted magnets and right-side vehicle-mounted magnets, the track magnets include left-side track magnets and right-side track magnets, the left-side vehicle-mounted magnets and the right-side track magnets are arranged on the bogie, the left-side track magnets and the right-side track magnets are arranged on the sky beam track, and the left-side vehicle-mounted magnets and the left-side track magnets as well as the right-side vehicle-mounted magnets and the right-side track magnets are all offset and staggered along the same side, so that the lateral deviation force generated by the left-side vehicle-mounted magnet and the left-side track magnet and the lateral deviation force generated by the right-side vehicle-mounted magnet and the right-side track magnet are both toward the side where the upper drive wheel is provided.

In some embodiments, support platforms arranged horizontally facing each other are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the installation cavity, wherein the left support platform is used to install the left track magnet, and the right support platform is used to install the right track magnet.

In some embodiments, the bogie has an upper top surface and a lower bottom surface, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the support platform, wherein the left vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged on the left side of the lower part of the upper top surface, and the right vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the upper top surface.

In some embodiments, the bogie is in an I-shape.

In some embodiments, the support platform is located between the upper lateral wheels and the lower lateral wheels.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The track magnets and vehicle-mounted magnets of the present invention are installed in a staggered manner, which generates both vertical suspension force and lateral sideways force. The vertical suspension force causes the bogie frame to suspend, thereby bearing the weight of the entire transportation system. The sideways force acts as the pressure of the driving wheel on the inner wall of the sky beam to generate sufficient friction to drive the vehicle. The sideways force ensures that the driving wheel always only fits one side of the inner wall of the sky beam, which can stabilize the running trajectory and improve the running stability of the vehicle. Since the sideways force is smaller than the vertical suspension force, the wear rate of the driving wheel will also be greatly reduced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bogie for realizing lateral stability of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the offset structure and force conditions of the magnetic levitation pair in this application.

FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the offset of the Halbach magnetic resistance magnetic levitation pair in the example of the present application.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application that requires superelevation when passing the curve shown in the figure

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present application that does not require superelevation when passing the curve shown in the figure

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the preferred embodiments of the present application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar parts or parts with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limitations on the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are orientations or positional relationships based on the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

In addition, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product, or display that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed but may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or display.

The following will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 5 about a permanent magnetic suspension structure for achieving stable operation by offsetting the upper and lower magnetic suspension pairs involved in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the present application.

Embodiment 1:

As shown in Figures 1-2, a permanent magnetic suspension structure that achieves stable operation by offsetting upper and lower magnet levitation pairs includes: a beam track 1, a bogie 2, and a permanent magnetic suspension pair. The beam track has an installation cavity, and the bogie is vertically suspended in the installation cavity by the suspension force generated by the permanent magnetic suspension pair; an upper drive wheel 5 and a lower drive wheel 8 are provided on one side of the bogie, and can rotate around the central axis. The upper drive wheel and the lower drive wheel always keep in contact with the side wall of one side of the beam track under the action of the lateral force generated by the permanent magnetic suspension pair. The technical solution of the present application realizes "turning harm into advantage", using the lateral force generated by the misalignment of the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet, so that the guide wheel always only fits with one side of the inner wall of the beam.

Referring to Fig. 1, the permanent magnetic suspension pair is composed of vehicle-mounted magnets and track magnets. The vehicle-mounted magnets include a left vehicle-mounted magnet 6 and a right vehicle-mounted magnet 3. The track magnets include a left track magnet 7 and a right track magnet 4. The left vehicle-mounted magnet and the right vehicle-mounted magnet are arranged on the bogie. Specifically, the left and right side walls of the installation cavity are respectively provided with support platforms arranged horizontally facing each other, and the support platforms are located between the upper lateral wheel and the lower lateral wheel. Among them, the left support platform is used to install the left track magnet, and the right support platform is used to install the right track magnet. And the position and angle are adjustable, and the relative position of the vehicle-mounted magnet and the track magnet can be changed by adjustment.

The left track magnet and the right track magnet are arranged on the beam track and laid along the entire length of the beam track. The bogie is in an I-shape. The bogie has an upper top surface and a lower bottom surface, and the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the support platform, wherein the left vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged on the left side of the lower part of the upper top surface, and the right vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged on the right side of the lower part of the upper top surface. The left vehicle-mounted magnet and the left track magnet as well as the right vehicle-mounted magnet and the right track magnet are all staggered and offset, so that the lateral force generated by the left vehicle-mounted magnet and the left track magnet and the lateral force generated by the right vehicle-mounted magnet and the right track magnet are all toward the side where the upper drive wheel is provided.

During installation, the left side wall of the sky beam is used as the reference, the distance from the left track magnet to the side wall is fixed, and the center distance of the track magnets on the left and right sides is guaranteed to be unchanged, and the center distance of the vehicle-mounted magnets on the left and right sides of the bogie is the same as the center distance of the track magnets. When the bogie is hoisted into the sky beam, the lateral position of the track magnet is adjusted to ensure that the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet have a certain amount of misalignment in the lateral direction. Under this installation method, when an error occurs in the sky beam, because the center distances of the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet are the same, the distance from the left track magnet to the left side wall of the sky beam is fixed, and the upper and lower guide wheels on the bogie are always in contact with the left side wall of the sky beam, the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet will change at the same time due to the change of the sky beam, and the relative position of the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet can be guaranteed to remain unchanged, thereby ensuring that the suspension formed by the track magnet and the vehicle-mounted magnet has a stable sideways force.

Under the action of the cornering force, the guide wheel only runs on one side of the skylight beam and does not impact the skylight beam, which can greatly improve the service life and guiding reliability of the guide wheel. The above cornering force only needs to meet the vehicle traction and braking requirements, and only accounts for a small part of the train load, that is, the guide wheel is subjected to a small load, which can further improve the service life of the guide wheel.

The on-board magnets and the track magnets form a permanent magnetic suspension pair, which can generate a vertical suspension force. Since the on-board magnets are offset to the left relative to the center of the track magnets, the permanent magnetic suspension pair generates a lateral force to the left, causing the bogie to be subjected to an external force to the left. Under the action of this lateral force, the bogie will tend to deviate to the left.

Since the upper drive wheel and the lower drive wheel are installed on the left side of the bogie, when the bogie tends to move to the left, the upper drive wheel and the lower drive wheel will fit against the left side of the skylight track with a certain pressure. The pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the misalignment between the on-board magnet and the track magnet. According to the required lateral force, it is achieved by changing the misalignment between the center of the on-board magnet and the track magnet. The magnetic group structure used can be a Halbach array composed of multiple groups of magnets, or it can be a magnetic group with other magnetic circuit structures (such as a multi-pole magnetic circuit magnetic group, a focusing magnetic circuit magnetic group, a single-sided magnetic group, etc.). The upper and lower magnetic group structures can be a symmetrical array or an asymmetrical array.

As shown in FIG3 , taking the Halbach array as an example, assuming that the misalignment of the magnet is X and the width of a single magnetic resistor is Y, then X should be smaller than the width Y of a single magnetic group.

The above-mentioned lateral force is used to ensure that the driving wheel and the driving wheel always run along the left side of the skylight track, which can stabilize the running trajectory of the bogie and prevent the bogie from shaking back and forth on the inner wall of the skylight track and causing impact, so as to improve the stability of vehicle operation.

As shown in Figure 4, the train's forward direction is perpendicular to the figure and the inward direction is the running direction. The centrifugal force generated when passing the curve as shown in the figure will offset part of the side force, affecting the adhesion performance of the tire and reducing the driving efficiency. In order to meet the needs of passing the curve, the beam track is tilted to form a superelevation form. At this time, the gravity direction and the tilt angle form a superelevation angle. Under the action of this superelevation angle, the weight will form a component force to offset the centrifugal force, thereby ensuring the stability of the vehicle when passing the curve.

As shown in Figure 5, the train's forward direction is perpendicular to the figure and the inward direction is the running direction. When passing through the curve as shown in the figure, the centrifugal force will be in the same direction as the cornering force, further increasing the cornering force, so there is no need to set the superelevation angle.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a upper and lower magnet magnetic levitation is to permanent magnetism suspended structure of skew realization steady operation which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a celestial girder rail, a bogie and a permanent magnet suspension pair, wherein an installation cavity is formed in the celestial girder rail, and the bogie is vertically suspended in the installation cavity through a suspension force generated by the permanent magnet suspension pair; an upper driving wheel and a lower driving wheel are arranged on one side of the bogie, and are always kept to be attached to the side wall on one side of the roof beam track under the side bias force generated by the permanent magnet suspension pair;

The permanent magnet levitation pair is composed of a vehicle-mounted magnet and a track magnet, the vehicle-mounted magnet comprises a left vehicle-mounted magnet and a right vehicle-mounted magnet, the track magnet comprises a left track magnet and a right track magnet, the left vehicle-mounted magnet and the right vehicle-mounted magnet are arranged on a bogie, the left track magnet and the right track magnet are arranged on a roof rail, and the left vehicle-mounted magnet, the left track magnet, the right vehicle-mounted magnet and the track magnet are arranged in a dislocation manner along the same side, so that the side bias force generated by the left vehicle-mounted magnet and the left track magnet and the side bias force generated by the right vehicle-mounted magnet and the right track magnet face the side provided with the upper driving wheel.

2. The permanent magnet levitation structure for realizing stable operation of the upper and lower magnet levitation pair deflection according to claim 1, wherein supporting tables which are horizontally arranged in opposite directions are respectively arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the installation cavity, wherein the supporting table on the left side is used for installing a left side rail magnet, and the supporting table on the right side is used for installing a right side rail magnet.

3. The permanent magnet levitation structure for realizing stable operation of the upper and lower magnet levitation pair deflection according to claim 2, wherein the bogie has an upper top surface and a lower bottom surface, the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface are respectively arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the supporting table, wherein the left vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged at the left side of the lower part of the upper top surface, and the right vehicle-mounted magnet is arranged at the right side of the lower part of the upper top surface.

4. A permanent magnet levitation structure for realizing stable operation of upper and lower magnet levitation pair deflection according to claim 3, wherein the bogie is in an i shape.

5. The permanent magnet levitation structure for achieving stable operation of upper and lower magnet levitation versus offset according to claim 2, wherein the support table is located between the upper lateral wheel and the lower lateral wheel.