CN117598150B

CN117598150B - Garlic seedling raising method

Info

Publication number: CN117598150B
Application number: CN202410089825.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王娟; 潘悦; 朱俊琳; 童海珍; 马子威
Original assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Current assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Priority date: 2024-01-23
Filing date: 2024-01-23
Publication date: 2024-04-12
Anticipated expiration: 2044-01-23
Also published as: CN117598150A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of garlic fruit cultivation, and specifically discloses a garlic fruit seedling raising method, comprising the following steps: seed preparation; seed treatment; sand bed germination; seedbed preparation; matrix transplanting; and seedling management after transplanting. The seed treatment method comprises the following steps: preparing a 5% to 10% aminosulfonic acid aqueous solution, soaking the seeds for 4 to 8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, rinsing them with water three times, soaking them in a mixed solution of 150 mg/L to 200 mg/L gibberellin and 50 mg/L to 100 mg/L chitosan for 1-2 hours, taking out the seeds, placing them in a cool place for drying for standby use. Through the treatment method of the invention, the dormancy characteristics of the seeds are broken, the seedling cultivation time is shortened, and the seed emergence rate of the treated seeds is high, so that basic seedlings with consistent growth are provided for large-scale utilization of garlic fruit seedlings for resource cultivation.

Description

Garlic seedling raising method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of garlic fruits, and particularly relates to a garlic fruit seedling raising method.

Background

Garlic fruits (Malania oleifera) belong to the genus Garlic fruits (Malania) of the family Oleaceae, are single-species high evergreen trees which are special in China, are listed as national class II important protection wild plants due to the scarcity of the single-species high evergreen trees, are rare resource plants which are naturally distributed in limestone mountain areas of southeast and Guixi of Yunnan province, have important values for regional ecological environment construction and stony desertification control, and are the species which are found at present and are rich in bioactive substances, namely the species with the highest content of nervonic acid, and have extremely high economic and medical values. Therefore, in recent years, under the promotion of related government departments, the garlic fruits become important tree species for local returning to the cultivation, barren mountain forestation and stony desertification control, effectively increase the population quantity, and have important practical significance for relieving the endangered situation and reasonably developing and utilizing the garlic fruits. However, due to the dormancy characteristics of the mature garlic seeds, the germination of the mature garlic seeds also has a plurality of problems, the germination of the mature garlic seeds under the wet sand layer also needs 5-7 months, the emergence rate is low, and the resource cultivation challenge is brought to the large-scale utilization of the strong seedlings of the garlic fruits.

Even if the embryo germinates, the young garlic is a semi-parasitic plant with root, and the young garlic has a certain photosynthetic capacity although the young garlic has more lateral roots, but the nutrient absorption level and photosynthetic efficiency are lower, and the young garlic can be obviously influenced along with the extension of independent growth time or the environmental stress under the condition that the nursery is free of host plants. According to the early cultivation experience, after the young garlic seedlings with serious decline are transplanted in the wild, even if fertilizer is applied or good hosts are matched, normal growth cannot be recovered, the transplanting survival rate is extremely low, so that great economic and manpower losses are caused, although the young garlic seedlings are cultivated by adopting co-cultivated plants in the existing research, the co-cultivated plants and young garlic seedlings form a semi-parasitic relationship, a certain time is still required, in the time period, the co-cultivated plants also need to absorb nutrition for growth, and a nutritional competition relationship is formed between the co-cultivated plants and young garlic seedlings to a certain extent, so that the young garlic seedlings emergence rate and young garlic seedling emergence time are improved, and the situation that the young garlic seedlings are planted in a reasonable fertilization mode is avoided, so that waste of land resources, manpower, material resources and the like is avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a garlic seedling raising method for solving the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruits with strong growth and no plant diseases and insect pests, removing green peels, cleaning seeds with clear water, cleaning mucus and residues remained on the surfaces of seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and placing in a ventilated and dried place for later use;

(2) Seed treatment: preparing an sulfamic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 5-10%, soaking seeds for 4-8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of gibberellin with the concentration of 150-200 mg/L and chitosan with the concentration of 50-100 mg/L for 1-2 hours, taking out the seeds, placing the seeds in a shade place, filtering the seeds, and drying the seeds for later use;

(3) Accelerating germination of the sand bed;

(4) Preparing a substrate;

(5) And (3) transplanting a matrix: placing germinated bud seedlings of Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the bud seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, placing the planted garlic fruit seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with shading degree of 30% -50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.001-0.002% of brassinolide and 0.05-0.1% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;

(6) And (5) managing the seedling stage after transplanting the matrix.

Further, in the step (3), the sand bed germination accelerating method comprises the following steps: laying a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm by bricks, spreading wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially arranging the seed sides on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; an arch shed is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, and a sunshade net is added.

Further, in step (4), the laterite is: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.

Further, in the step (6), the seedling stage management after transplanting comprises temperature management and water and fertilizer management, wherein the temperature management comprises: the shading rate of the arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, and when the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the water is sprayed outside the arch shed film, and a sunshade net is added or two ends of the arch shed are opened for cooling.

Further, in the step (6), the water and fertilizer management includes: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied for 15 d times and is applied for two times, and then the compound fertilizer is applied according to the following steps: urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1% -0.2%, spraying nursery stock once a month, wherein N in the compound fertilizer: p: k=15:15:15.

The invention achieves the technical effects that:

1. the invention breaks dormancy characteristics of seeds through earlier-stage seed treatment, shortens seedling cultivation time, has high emergence rate of the treated seeds, and provides basic seedlings with consistent growth for resource cultivation by utilizing strong seedlings of garlic fruits in a large scale.

2. The invention firstly uses the low-concentration sulfamic acid aqueous solution to carry out acid corrosion on the seeds, so that the hard seed shells of the garlic seeds are damaged to a certain extent, thereby achieving the effects of sterilization and disinfection, simultaneously increasing the air permeability and the permeability of the seeds, accelerating the absorption of moisture and nutrient substances by the seeds, promoting the germination and the growth of the seeds, and the sulfamic acid aqueous solution has the same strong acidity as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and the like, has stable chemical property under the normal-temperature drying environment, and is more convenient to store and use than liquid strong acid.

3. When the seeds are treated, gibberellin is further used, so that the germination speed of the seeds can be increased, chitosan is further used, the chitosan can react with amino groups or sulfonic groups, a high-molecular protective film is formed on the seeds, the antibacterial and antimicrobial capabilities of the seeds to the environment are enhanced, the functions of the seeds such as the absorption force, the water retention capacity and the immunity are increased, the seeds are further prevented from being infected by germs in sand beds, the mildew rate is reduced, and the incidence probability of root rot, anthracnose and the like is reduced.

4. After the seedlings are transplanted, in the seedling strengthening treatment process, the photosynthesis of the garlic seedlings is enhanced by applying a brassinolide and chitosan mixture and adjusting by a certain hormone, the garlic seedlings are more robust by induction, the immunity is enhanced, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage is further reduced, meanwhile, the growth decay of the garlic seedlings is avoided, and the transplanting survival rate of the garlic seedlings after transplanting is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the garlic fruits;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a test seed sand bed laminated site;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing germination conditions of garlic seeds;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the emergence condition of garlic fruits;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of the sprouts and matrixes of the garlic bulbs to be transplanted;

FIG. 6 is a graph showing growth after 2 months of substrate transplantation.

Detailed Description

The conception and technical effects produced by the present application will be clearly and completely described below in connection with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present application. It is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and that other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present application are within the scope of the present application.

If the specific conditions are not noted, the method is carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by manufacturers, and the reagents or instruments used are not noted by manufacturers, and all the conventional products can be obtained through commercial purchase.

Example 1

A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the fruit peel changes from green to yellow-green (figure 1) or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as the fruit peel, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing mucus and residues remained on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing for later use;

(2) Seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 4 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in a mixed solution of 150mg/L gibberellin and 100 mg/L chitosan for 1 hour, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade place for later use;

(3) Sand bed germination accelerating (fig. 2, 3): using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8 cm-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked during germination accelerating process until germination is carried out the next year (figure 4);

(4) Preparing a seedbed: red soil is prepared by: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.

(5) And (3) transplanting a matrix: placing germinated seedlings with Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, wherein the application amount of each time is 30-40L per mu, placing the planted garlic seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30-50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.001% of brassinolide and 0.1% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;

(6) Seedling management after substrate transplanting

Temperature management: the shading rate of the small arch shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, if the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the small arch shed is cooled by spraying water outside the arch shed film, adding sunshade net or opening two ends of the small arch shed; and (3) water and fertilizer management: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied once and twice continuously at 15 d. Thereafter, the compound fertilizer (N: P: k=15:15:15): urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and spraying the seedlings once a month.

Under the embodiment 1, the germination rate of the seeds is about 94%, the germination time of the seeds is shortened by approximately 1 month, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is saved, the transplanting survival rate of the matrix is up to 95%, the seedlings are robust (figure 6), and the transplanted seedlings almost have no diseases such as root rot, anthracnose and the like.

Example 2

A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits comprises the following steps:

(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the peel changes from green to yellow-green or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as peel and the like, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing for later use;

(2) Seed treatment: preparing 5% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 8 hours at room temperature, taking out the seeds, flushing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in 200mg/L gibberellin and 50mg/L chitosan mixed solution for 2 hours, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade place for later use;

(3) Accelerating germination of sand bed: using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8 cm-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked during germination accelerating process until germination occurs the next year;

(5) Transplanting: placing germinated seedlings with Gao cm into the center of a container filled with a matrix, spreading roots of the seedlings, watering thoroughly, spraying a seedling strengthening mixture once after 3 days, spraying once again after 10 days, wherein the application amount of each time is 30-40L per mu, placing the planted garlic seedlings into Miao Chuangshang, building an arch shed on a seedbed, covering a plastic film, and adding a sunshade net with the shading degree of 30-50%; the strong seedling mixture comprises 0.002% of brassinolide and 0.05% of chitosan mixture by mass percent;

(6) Seedling stage management after transplanting

Under the implementation of the embodiment, the germination rate of the seeds is about 91%, the transplanting survival rate reaches 96%, the seedlings are robust, and the transplanted seedlings almost have no diseases such as root rot, anthracnose and the like.

Comparative example 1

(1) Seed preparation: selecting good garlic fruit plants which grow robustly and have no plant diseases and insect pests; collecting seeds when the fruit peel changes from green to yellow-green or 5% fruits fall from the tree in the beginning of 10 to 11 months in the current year, removing impurities such as the fruit peel, cleaning seeds with clear water, removing residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds, airing in a shade place for 1 d-2 d, and standing in a ventilated and dried place for later use;

(2) Seed treatment: soaking in 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid for 1 hr, taking out, and drying in shade;

(3) Accelerating germination of sand bed: using a brick to lay a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm, paving wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially discharging the seeds on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 5 cm-8 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; a small arch shed 50 cm-60 cm higher than the bed surface is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, a sunshade net with shading degree of 30-50% is added, and the humidity and the germination accelerating degree of the sand bed are checked in the germination accelerating process until germination occurs in the next year.

Comparative example 2

The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds at room temperature for 4h, taking out the seeds, washing with water for three times, and drying in shade for use.

Comparative example 3

The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: soaking in 150mg/L gibberellin for 1 hr, taking out, and drying in shade.

Comparative example 4

The other steps are the same as in comparative example 1, except that step (2) seed treatment: preparing 10% sulfamic acid aqueous solution, soaking seeds for 4h at room temperature, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with water for three times, soaking the seeds in 50mg/L chitosan for 1h, taking out the seeds, and drying the seeds in a shade for later use.

Comparative example 5

A method for raising seedlings of garlic fruits is the same as in example 1, except that the seedling strengthening mixture is not used after the substrate is transplanted in the step (6).

Comparative example 6

The other steps are the same as in example 1, except that in step (6), the matrix is transplanted and the strong seedling mixture is sprayed with 0.002% brassinolide by mass percent.

Comparative example 7

The other steps are the same as in example 1, except that in step (6), the matrix is transplanted, and the strong seedling mixture is sprayed with 0.05% chitosan by mass percent.

Verification of test Effect

1. Material

Fresh garlic fruits are collected from Funing county in Wenshan, yunnan province in the beginning of 10 months to 11 months in the current year, the seeds are washed cleanly with clear water, the residual mucus and residues on the surfaces of the seeds are removed, single seeds with fresh weight of more than or equal to 18.7 g are screened out, the longitudinal diameter of more than 32.76 mm and the transverse diameter of more than 34.49 mm are placed in a ventilated and dried place for standby after airing in a horizontal place for 1 d-2 d.

2. Test floor

The test was located in a greenhouse in a tree garden at the university of southwest forestry (25℃3'24 "N, 102℃45' 27" E) in the Panlong district of Kunming. The Kunming belongs to subtropical plateau monsoon climate, and is warm in spring, dry and rainless, vigorous in evaporation and large in daily temperature change. The annual rainfall is about 1 030 mm, the relative humidity is 74%, the humidity is not great, and the annual frost-free period is more than 240 d. The number of sunshine hours in the test place is about 2 445 hours, and the average temperature is 14.5 ℃.

3. Method of

Seed germination treatment

The method comprises the steps of dividing the method into a plurality of cells experimentally, treating 50 seeds each, repeating the steps three times, calculating germination starting days when the seeds are observed to germinate and come out of soil, and calculating germination rate and mildew rate by taking the germination duration 60d of the 1 st seed as a germination termination time standard.

Germination rate (%) = (number of germinated seeds per sampling period/total number of seeds sampled) ×100%

Mildew rate (%) = (number of mildew varieties per sampling period/total number of seeds sampled) ×100%

TABLE 1 germination and mildew Rate under different seed treatments

Strengthening seedling treatment after matrix transplanting

Dividing into a plurality of cells in a test, selecting a garlic sprout (figure 5) which is germinated in the earlier stage and grows consistently, placing the germinated garlic sprout of Gao cm in the center of a container with a matrix, stretching the root of the sprout, watering thoroughly, spraying a strong seedling mixture once after 3 days, spraying a strong seedling mixture under different treatments once again after 10 days, spraying a medicine of about 60 mL per square meter, repeating three cells per treatment, randomly extracting 30 seedlings per cell after 40 days of transplanting, counting the diameter and height of the seedling, and calculating the survival rate of the transplanted matrix;

survival rate (%) = (survival seedling/total transplanted seedling number in statistical period) ×100%.

TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on seedlings

As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the technical scheme of the invention, dormancy of the young garlic seedlings can be broken, the seed germination time is shortened, and the seed germination rate is improved. The garlic seeds are evolved into hard and compact endocarp (seed coat) in a long-term growth process, so that good protection effect is achieved on seeds, but germination of the seeds is also hindered, the air tightness and the water impermeability of the seed coats inhibit germination of the seeds to a certain extent, the seed coats are softened through long-time soaking of the garlic seeds corroded by sulfamic acid with proper concentration, so that the seed coat pores are increased, on one hand, the seed coats are convenient to fall off and promote germination rate in germination, part of garlic seed can not be broken by a factor of a leaf stalk, the seed coats, together with coated endosperm and cotyledons, are pushed out of soil to form seedlings with caps (with the shells), the germ can not break away from the endosperm with the shells to die, on the other hand, growth hormone can be infiltrated, the development of the seeds is further influenced, the cultivation time is shortened, the seed coat pores are easily invaded by bacterial viruses in the environment after ventilation, and the occurrence of bacterial mold infection is reduced through the addition of chitosan.

As can be seen from Table 2, by adopting the matrix transplanting strong seedling treatment scheme of the invention, the average ground diameter and the seedling height of the seedlings are obviously improved, and the survival rate is also obviously improved, which shows that under the treatment of hormone, the photosynthesis of the garlic sprouts is enhanced, and the absorption and utilization rate of the garlic sprouts to nutrition is enhanced.

Claims

1. The seedling raising method for the garlic fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(3) Accelerating germination of the sand bed;

(4) Preparing a substrate;

(6) Seedling stage management after substrate transplanting: seedling management after transplanting comprises temperature management and water and fertilizer management,

temperature management includes: the shading rate of the arched shed is 30-50%, the temperature in the shed is not more than 38 ℃, and when the temperature in the shed exceeds 38 ℃, the arched shed film is adopted to spray water, a sunshade net is added or two ends of the arched shed are opened for cooling;

the water and fertilizer management comprises the following steps: after transplanting 30 d, urea solution with concentration of 0.1% is applied for 15 d times and is applied for two times, and then the compound fertilizer is applied according to the following steps: urea=1: 1, preparing an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1% -0.2%, spraying nursery stock once a month, wherein N in the compound fertilizer: p: k=15:15:15.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the sand bed germination accelerating comprises: laying a seedling raising sand bed with the inner width of 1 m-1.2 m and the height of 25 cm-35 cm by bricks, spreading wet sand with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom, strickling, taking seeds after drying in the shade, sequentially arranging the seed sides on the sand bed according to the interval of 1-2 cm, covering the wet sand with the thickness of 8-10 cm, and spraying clear water thoroughly; an arch shed is built on the sand bed, a plastic film is covered, and a sunshade net is added.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the substrate preparation comprises mixing the laterite: humus soil: mixing perlite according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1 to prepare a matrix, sterilizing the prepared matrix by using 0.05% potassium permanganate solution 2 days in advance, and filling the matrix into a seedling container with a diameter of 12 cm-15 cm and a height of 20 cm-25 cm; is placed on the seedbed in order.