Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing endometrial cancer nursing treatment drug-resistant markers, products and applications. The method aims at using the DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 protein markers obtained by screening in the preparation of products for predicting the response of endometrial cancer care treatment so as to judge the drug resistance of patients with endometrial cancer care treatment.
The present invention solves the above technical problems, and a first aspect provides a drug-resistant marker for endometrial cancer conservation treatment, comprising at least 4 of DYNLT1 protein, HSD17B12 protein, EEF1E1 protein, ILVBL protein, SRPK1 protein and NUDT5 protein.
The invention screens endometrial cancer conservation treatment drug resistance markers based on mass spectrum proteome technology, adopts immunohistochemical staining for verification, and constructs 6 protein molecules (DYLLT 1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT 5) for predicting the conservation treatment drug resistance of endometrial cancer patients.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, the endometrial cancer nursing treatment drug-resistant protein markers are obtained through screening, and the treatment response of a patient can be predicted before the endometrial cancer patient is subjected to nursing treatment by detecting the expression level of the 6 protein markers, so that drug-resistant people can be effectively screened, the treatment scheme is optimized pertinently, and the benefit rate of the patient is provided.
(2) The biological markers explored by the invention suggest that the use of DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 proteins as targets can reverse the drug resistance of progestogen treatment, so the biological markers have wide clinical application prospect.
The second aspect of the present invention provides the use of an endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug-resistant marker, wherein the agent for detecting the endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug-resistant marker is used for preparing endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug-resistant products.
The beneficial effects of the scheme are that the reagent for detecting the expression level of the 6 protein markers (DYNLT 1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT 5) is used for preparing endometrial cancer conservation treatment drug resistant products, a prediction system for the conservation treatment drug resistance of endometrial cancer patients based on 6 proteins is successfully constructed, the treatment response of the endometrial cancer patients can be predicted before the conservation treatment is carried out, and drug resistant people can be effectively screened.
Further, the drug resistance condition of the endometrial cancer conservation treatment patient is judged by quantitatively detecting the drug resistance marker of the endometrial cancer conservation treatment.
Further, the medicine for endometrial cancer conservation treatment is a progestogen.
Further, the medicine for the endometrial cancer nursing treatment is medroxyprogesterone acetate.
In the present invention, "conservation therapy" is a therapeutic strategy for patients with early endometrial cancer. The goal of conservation therapy is to preserve as much as possible the uterine and fertility functions of the patient while effectively controlling the development and spread of cancer. The main mode is based on progestogen treatment, oral high-efficiency progesterone is the most commonly used nursing treatment method at present. Progestogen inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by altering cell growth and differentiation of endometrium, thereby achieving therapeutic effect. Whereas, the drug resistance of the conservation treatment refers to whether the patient has developed disease within 6 months or is still not relieved within 12 months after receiving the oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA) treatment. The state of resistance of endometrial cancer to conservation therapy can be predicted by the expression level of a marker protein in tumor tissue prior to treatment of the patient.
Further, the reagent for detecting the endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug resistance marker comprises a substance specifically binding to the DYNLT1 protein, the HSD17B12 protein, the EEF1E1 protein, the ILVBL protein, the SRPK1 protein and the NUDT5 protein.
Further, the substance is an antibody or antibody fragment.
The substances for detecting DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 according to the present invention include antibodies or fragments thereof that specifically bind to the target protein. Antibodies or fragments thereof of any structure, size, immunoglobulin class, origin, etc. may be used as long as it binds to the target protein. The antibodies or fragments thereof of the invention may be monoclonal or polyclonal. An antibody fragment refers to a portion of an antibody (a fragment of a portion) or a peptide containing a portion of an antibody that retains the binding activity of the antibody to an antigen. Antibody fragments may include F (ab ') 2, fab', fab, single chain Fv (scFv), disulfide bonded Fv (dsFv) or polymers thereof, dimerized V regions (diabodies), or CDR-containing peptides. The substances for detecting DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 proteins of the present invention may include isolated nucleic acids encoding amino acid sequences of antibodies or encoding antibody fragments, vectors comprising the nucleic acids, and cells carrying the vectors.
The above antibodies may be obtained by methods well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a polypeptide or mammalian cell expression vector incorporating a polynucleotide encoding a protein of interest may be prepared as an antigen, retaining all or part of the protein of interest. After immunization of the animal with the antigen, the immune cells may be collected and fused with myeloma cells to obtain hybridomas. Antibodies can then be collected from the hybridoma culture. Finally, antigen-specific purification can be performed using DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 proteins or portions thereof as antigens, thereby obtaining monoclonal antibodies against these proteins. The method for preparing polyclonal antibodies comprises immunizing animals with the same antigen as described above, collecting blood samples of immunized animals, separating serum, and purifying the serum with antigen specificity using the antigen. The antibody fragment may be obtained by enzymatic treatment of the obtained antibody or by using the obtained antibody sequence information.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a product for detecting an endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug resistance marker, the product comprising a reagent for detecting the endometrial cancer conservation therapy drug resistance marker.
The products of the invention for detecting DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 proteins may function and function based on known methods using the above antibodies or antibody fragments, including ELISA, western blots, immunohistochemical staining methods, and the like. Products of DYNLT1, HSD17B12, EEF1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 proteins can also be quantified based on mass spectrometry techniques, such as the non-labeled protein quantification technique (4D-Label Free) and the TMT (Tandem Mass Tag) labeled quantification technique.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the invention constructs a detection product for predicting the conservation drug resistance, only the tumor tissues of a patient need to be collected for experiments according to a manual, and whether the drug resistance of the patient occurs or not can be estimated according to the dyeing result, so that the invention has the advantages of clinical accessibility and accuracy.
Further, the product comprises a detection reagent, a kit, a chip, a test paper or a high throughput sequencing platform.
Further, the high throughput sequencing platform comprises a Tims-TOF mass spectrometer.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for screening a drug-resistant marker for endometrial cancer care, comprising the steps of:
(1) Obtaining a tumor tissue sample of a patient who is undergoing a maintenance therapy;
(2) Lysing the tissue of the patient, extracting proteins therein, and performing pancreatin digestion to obtain lysed peptide fragments;
(3) Performing high-throughput sequencing on the peptide fragment based on Tims-TOF platform by using a label-free technology to obtain a sequencing result of the peptide fragment;
(4) Using MaxQuant software to search a library of the obtained peptide sequencing results so as to obtain high-throughput quantitative results of each protein;
(5) Grouping patients with different treatment responses, performing differential analysis on quantitative levels of each protein between groups, and checking statistical significance by using a Wilcoxon method;
(6) Proteins significantly up-regulated in the incubator resistant group can be considered to be associated with incubator resistance.
The samples were derived from tumor tissue prior to treatment of patients undergoing conservation treatment.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with examples given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are described in the literature in this field or are carried out in accordance with the product specifications. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available through regular channels, with no manufacturer noted.
Example 1
The screening method of the drug-resistance related markers provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
a) Sample collection
The study meets the ethical standard of the declaration of Helsinki, and ethical lot numbers are TJ-IRB20211005 and 2021-181, respectively. Written informed consent was obtained for each patient prior to conducting any specific study investigation.
The invention screens 62 endometrial cancer patients who receive conservation treatment from 1 month in 2015 to 7 months in 2020. Histological sections of tumor/adjacent tissue were taken, hematoxylin and eosin staining (Hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) to determine pathological grading of tumor tissue and tumor cancer occupancy. Each tumor/adjacent sample was examined by 2 pathologists and sample quality was confirmed based on (1) histopathologically defining endometrium-like endometrial cancer, (2) tumor cell rate (tumor purity) >90% after macroscopic removal of tumor tissue on sections, and (3) no tumor cells in adjacent paracancerous tissue. All cases were staged according to international union of gynaecology and obstetrics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO) diagnostic criteria (2018). Other group admission criteria were that the patient did not receive any treatment prior to admission, did not incorporate other malignancy, did not incorporate other hormone-related disease, and the patient had complete clinical information.
B) FFPE sample protein extraction and trypsin digestion
FFPE specimens were scraped from tissue sections and transferred to 1.5mL conical tubes and paraffin was removed using a dilution of ethanol and water. Specifically, the tissue was first dewaxed with xylene and then four volumes of lysis buffer, which was a mixture of 1% SDC (sodium deoxycholate, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, cat# D5670) and 1% protease inhibitor (purchased from ServiceBio, cat# G2006-250 UL), was added to the tissue and sonicated on ice for 3 minutes. The remaining debris was removed by centrifugation at 12000g for 10 minutes at 4 ℃, and finally the supernatant was collected and the protein concentration was determined using BCA kit (purchased at Beyotime, cat No. P0009).
The extracted protein samples were added to 1% SDC buffer, incubated with 5mM dithiothreitol (purchased from Sigma, cat# 43816) at 56℃for 30 min, and alkylated with 11mM iodoacetamide (purchased from Sigma, cat# A3221) in the dark at room temperature for 15 min. Next, the first overnight digestion was performed at a trypsin (purchased from Sigma, cat# T6567)/protein mass ratio of 1:50, and the second 4 hours digestion was performed at a trypsin/protein mass ratio of 1:100. The digested peptide fragment was acidified with 10% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid, purchased from Sigma, cat# T6508) to pH 2-3, centrifuged at 12000g for 10min at room temperature and the supernatant was transferred to a new EP tube. After methanol activation of the SPE column, the column was equilibrated with 0.1% TFA, and the acidified peptide solution was applied to the SPE column, then desalted with 0.1% TFA, and finally the peptide eluted with 80% ACN (acetonitrile, purchased from Sigma, cat. No. 34851) and concentrated in vacuo before storage to-80 ℃.
C) Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis and protein quantification
The peptide fragment was dissolved in liquid chromatography mobile phase A and then separated using NanoElute ultra high performance liquid chromatography. Mobile phase a was an aqueous solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 2% acetonitrile, and mobile phase B was a solution containing 0.1% formic acid and 100% acetonitrile. The flow rate was maintained at 450nL/min using a liquid phase gradient set for 90 minutes.
The peptide fragments were isolated by ultra-high performance liquid phase system and injected into CAPILLARY ion source for ionization and then analyzed by timsTOF Pro mass spectrometry. The ion source voltage was set at 1.65kV and both the peptide fragment parent ion and its secondary fragments were detected and analyzed using high resolution TOF. The secondary mass spectrum scan range was set to 100-1700. The data acquisition mode uses a parallel cumulative serial fragmentation (PASEF) mode. And carrying out the acquisition of a primary mass spectrum 10 times and then carrying out the acquisition of a secondary spectrogram in PASEF modes.
Secondary mass spectrometry data were retrieved using Maxquant (v1.6.15.0). The search parameters are set in such a way that a database is homo_sapiens_9606_SP_20210721.Fasta (20387 sequences), an inverse database is added to calculate false positive rate (FDR) caused by random matching, a common pollution database is added in the database to eliminate the influence of pollution proteins in the identification result, the enzyme digestion mode is set as Trypsin/P, the number of missed digestion sites is set as 2, and the mass error tolerance of secondary fragment ions is 20ppm. Cysteine alkylation Carbamidomethyl (C) was set as an immobilization modification, variable modification to oxidation of methionine, acetylation of the N-terminus of the protein. FDR was set to 1% for both protein identification and PSM identification.
Multiple hypothesis testing was corrected with substitution-based error discovery rate (FDR < 1%), 95292 peptide fragments were immobilized together with 7409 proteins, the data were K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm filled with null values, and log-transformed as data for subsequent analysis.
D) Proteome data preprocessing and normalization
Proteomic analysis multiple hypothesis testing (FDR <1%; FIG. 2) was corrected using a permutation-based error discovery rate (False discovery rate, FDR) in the MaxQuant environment. Further analysis of peptide fragment length, number of peptide fragments, protein molecular weight and protein coverage ensured the quality of proteomic data. Log2 conversion was performed on the proteomic data, and at least half of the samples were filled with missing values for the quantified protein using the k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. The calculation method is implemented in DreamAI R packages.
E) Screening process of protein related to conservation and drug resistance
Patients are divided into two groups of drug resistance (n=30) and sensitivity (n=32) based on the response of the nursing treatment, and the protein group data obtained after filling are used for standardization and normalization, so that the accuracy and comparability of the data are ensured. In order to identify proteins with significant differences between the different groups, the present invention uses the Wilcoxon statistical test to explore proteins with statistically significant differences.
F) Screening result of protein related to conservation drug resistance
The results of the differential analysis showed that there were a total of 33 proteins significantly up-regulated in the maintenance-treated drug-resistant patients (Wilcoxon's p <0.05,Fold Change>1.5) (results shown in fig. 1A-B).
To further screen and verify the association of these molecules with the response to the conservation treatment, the present invention performed Log Rank test on the association of 33 candidate proteins with the endocrine treatment response in a common dataset (GSE 1378, GSE1379, GSE6532, GSE9195, GSE12093, GSE 17705) of 6 breast cancers treated with tamoxifen. The present invention found that 6 genes (EEF 1E1, DYNLT1, ILVBL, HSD17B12, NUDT5, and SRPK 1) out of the 33 candidate genes were associated with endocrine treatment resistance (Log Rank's p <0.1;Hazard Ratio>2). The 6 proteins obtained were proteins associated with endometrial cancer resistance (results shown in FIGS. 1C-D).
Example 2
The drug resistance related marker verification and conservation drug resistance prediction system construction process provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
a) Sample collection
The method of collecting the samples is the same as in example 1.
B) Immunohistochemical (Immunohistochemistry, IHC) staining
1. Selecting paraffin tissue sections to be subjected to immunohistochemical staining, soaking in an environment-friendly tissue dewaxing solution (environment-friendly dewaxing transparent solution purchased from Sivel organisms, cat No. G1128-1L) for 2 hours
2. The tissue sections were removed and immersed in the new environmental tissue dewaxing solution for 20 minutes.
3. Taking out the tissue slices, and hydrating the tissue slices by using ethanol with different gradient concentrations, wherein the ethanol concentration is 95%, 85% and 75% in sequence. Tissue sections were soaked in ethanol at each concentration for 10 minutes.
4. Tissue sections were removed and rinsed with phosphate buffer (Phosphate buffered saline, PBS). The cassette containing the tissue sections and PBS was placed on the shaker, rinsed 5 minutes each, and rinsed 3 times.
5. After the sections are rinsed, the sections are placed into antigen retrieval liquid at 100 ℃ and heated in a microwave oven. The antigen retrieval mode used in the invention is EDTA sodium solution (PH is 9, purchased from Sivel organism, cat No. G1203-250 ML), fire power is 30, and time is 10 minutes. And taking out the antigen retrieval liquid box after finishing, standing, and naturally cooling to room temperature. During which the antigen retrieval level is guaranteed to completely bypass the tissue.
6. The sections were placed in 5% polysorbate-20 in PBS (Phosphate buffered saline-Tween, abbreviated as PBST), rinsed on a shaker in PBST for 5 minutes each, and rinsed 3 total times.
7. The tissue sections were placed flat into a wet box. The surface of the slide was blotted with toilet paper. A pencil was then used to draw a circle around the tissue edge of 2 mm. And then 3% hydrogen peroxide solution is dripped on the surface of the tissue, and the tissue is completely covered by the hydrogen peroxide solution. After the completion, the wet box cover is covered, and the wet box cover is placed in a 37 ℃ biochemical incubator for incubation for 20 minutes.
8. The wet cassette was removed and the tissue sections rinsed with PBST. Each time for 5 minutes was rinsed 3 times.
9. After the rinsing is finished, the water on the surface of the tissue slice is washed by toilet paper and then placed in a wet box. Approximately 50. Mu.L of 3% goat serum (i.e., goat serum type, available from Boschia, cat. No. AR0009-12 ML) was added dropwise to the surface of the tissue to completely cover the tissue with goat serum. The wet box was covered and then incubated in a 37 ℃ biochemical incubator for 20 minutes.
10. Diluting the primary antibody by using PBS, wherein the dilution ratio of the antibody is EEF1E1,1:200, ILVBL,
1:200, SRPK1,1:100, and NUDT5:1, 200. The prepared antibody diluent is placed on ice for standby.
11. The wet cartridge was removed, the tissue surface was blotted with toilet paper to remove goat serum liquid, and then approximately 50 μl of primary anti-dilution was directly added dropwise to the tissue surface. The antibody should cover the tissue surface completely. The lid was then wet covered and left to incubate overnight at 4 ℃.
12. After incubation for more than 12 hours with primary antibody, the wet cassette was removed and the tissue sections were rinsed on a shaker with PBST. Each rinse was performed for 10 minutes and 3 times.
13. After the rinsing, the surface of the slide was blotted with toilet paper, and then secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit secondary antibodies for immunohistochemical goat, purchased from Sivel, cat No. G1213-100 UL) were added dropwise to the tissue surface. Ensuring that the secondary antibody completely covers the tissue. Tissue sections were placed in wet boxes and incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature.
14. Tissue sections were removed after the end of secondary antibody incubation and rinsed with PBST. Each rinse was performed for 10 minutes and 3 times.
15. DAB color development working solution (DAB color development kit, purchased from Saiweier, cat# G1212-200T) was prepared, and 50. Mu.L of DAB color development solution was added dropwise to the tissue surface. The staining of the cells was observed under a microscope. After the slide was sufficiently colored, the slide was immersed in tap water to terminate the color development.
16. Hematoxylin staining of nuclei was performed for 5 minutes after all slides were developed. And then washed once with tap water. The slide was then differentiated in ethanol hydrochloride for about 5 seconds, washed again with tap water, and then blue-turned by immersing the slide in ammonia water. The nuclear staining was observed under a microscope. The nuclei staining was rinsed by immersing the slides in tap water.
17. The slides are dehydrated by gradient alcohol with the alcohol concentration of 75%, 85% and 95% in sequence. The slide was then immersed in the environmental dewaxing solution for 5 minutes of transparency. Finally taking out the glass slide and airing in a fume hood
18. And sealing the aired glass slide by using neutral resin. The slide after the completion of the sealing is dried, and then is taken for observation and photographing by a microscope.
The tumor cell staining is scored by a semi-quantitative five-class grading system, namely 0, no tumor cell staining, 1-10 percent tumor cell staining, 2,11-25 percent tumor cell staining, 3,26-50 percent tumor cell staining, 4,51-75 percent tumor cell staining and 5, >75 percent tumor cell staining. The dyeing intensity is scored by adopting a semi-quantitative four-class grading system, namely 0, no dyeing, 1, weak dyeing, 2, medium dyeing and 3, strong dyeing. Tumor cell staining scores were stained simultaneously by two independent experts under the same conditions. In the event of inconsistent scores, the slice is re-evaluated.
C) Immunohistochemical staining results
IHC demonstrated a significant elevation in tissue of endometrial cancer patients resistant to the maintenance therapy for 4 hormone-insensitive related proteins (EEF 1E1, ILVBL, SRPK1 and NUDT5 with available antibodies), further supporting the results of these proteins predicting the progestin treatment response. And correlation analysis showed positive correlation between the 4 proteins (FIGS. 2A-C).
In conclusion, the 6 protein markers for resisting the endometrial cancer nursing treatment obtained by screening can be used for predicting the treatment response of a patient before the endometrial cancer patient is subjected to the nursing treatment by detecting the expression level of the 6 protein markers, so that drug-resistant people can be effectively screened, the treatment scheme is optimized in a targeted manner, and the benefit rate of the patient is provided. The invention constructs a detection product for predicting the conservation drug resistance, only needs to collect tumor tissues of a patient to carry out experiments according to a manual, evaluates whether the drug resistance of the patient occurs according to a staining result, and has the advantages of clinical accessibility and accuracy.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.