CN117586191A - Toll样受体8(tlr8)特异性拮抗剂及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
Toll样受体8(tlr8)特异性拮抗剂及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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Abstract
Toll样受体8(TLR8)特异性抑制剂及其在患有自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病的个体中的使用方法。
Description
本申请是申请日为2018年10月30日、申请号为201880071056.2、发明名称为“TOLL样受体8(TLR8)特异性拮抗剂及其制备方法和用途”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请以2017年10月30日提交的美国临时专利申请号66/579,015为优先权,其通过引用整体并入本文。
政府利益
本发明是在政府支持下,以国立卫生研究院授予的授权号R01 GM101279与R01GM103843完成。政府拥有本发明的某些权利。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及人类Toll样受体(TLR)抑制剂,和用于具有自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病的个体的方法。
背景技术
先天性免疫反应是抵抗病原微生物的第一道防线,并且也与自身免疫介导的炎性疾病有关。此反应主要由Toll样受体(TLR)触发,该受体被外源分子激活,或者在免疫介导的炎性疾病中,被受损宿主细胞释放的分子激活。
Toll样受体(TLR)是I型跨膜蛋白,可识别细菌,病毒和真菌中各种与病原体相关的分子模式。由于细胞表达的不同和下游信号转导途径的激活,人类TLR可能引起重叠但截然不同的生物学反应。细胞内TLR(包括TLR3,TLR7,TLR8和TLR9)能够检测不同类别的细菌,病毒和内源核酸。TLR3能识别dsRNA,TLR7和8由ssRNA和咪唑并喹啉衍生物激活,而TLR9被未甲基化的ssDNA激活。
在人类中,TLR7和TLR8在系统发育上和结构上相关,但是已鉴定出这两种TLR在人类血细胞中的表达模式差异,该两种TLR对ssRNA配体中的特定碱基的优先选择,以及配体结合前的二级结构。在灭活状态下,TLR8作为一对预先形成的二聚体存在,该二聚体在配体结合后会改变构象。内体中的自身和外源ssRNA均通过募集MyD88来启动TLR8介导的信号转导,进而激活下游转录因子NF-kappa-B,从而诱导促炎性细胞因子(如TNF-alpha,IL-lbeta和IL-6)的产生。尽管TLR8在抗病毒反应中起着重要的作用,但是TLR8的长时间激活会导致有害的自身免疫性疾病的发展。
内源性配体对人类TLR8的激活导致的炎性疾病不同于由TLR7激活导致的炎性疾病。基于基因多态性研究,TLR8与人类炎性疾病有关,其包括RA,抗磷脂综合征和IBD。另外,TLR8信号传导在人类TLR8转基因小鼠和人类患者中均促进RA。
因此,期望将具有人类TLR8的抑制性基序的小分子用于人类受试者中。
发明内容
为了鉴定特定的TLR8信号转导抑制剂以用作化学探针,并用于潜在的治疗应用,本发明人开发了基于细胞的高通量筛选。他们使用此筛选鉴定了一系列有效的TLR8抑制剂。最有效的抑制TLR8信号的途径是通过独特的机制:稳定TLR8蛋白预先形成的二聚体。这些抑制剂在几种类型的细胞(HEK-Blue,THP-1和PBMC)中有效抑制TLR8介导的功能,并且在这些细胞内不显示任何毒性作用。这些抑制剂的鉴定有助于研究TLR8在自身免疫性疾病中发挥的生理作用。另外,这些抑制剂提供了几种自身免疫和炎性疾病的治疗。
因此,本文提供了人类Toll样受体(TLR)抑制剂和用于患有自身免疫疾病或炎性疾病的个体的方法。本公开的TLR抑制剂是特异性抑制TLR8的分子。本公开还提供了这些化合物在抑制个体中TLR8依赖性免疫反应的用途。此外,本公开提供化合物,以及所述化合物在抑制个体中TLR8依赖性免疫反应的用途,其中,本公开的化合物的化合物公式为:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
Rl为C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,C2-4炔基,C1-4烷氧基,或
C1-6烷基任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR5,SR5,NR3R4,CO2R5,OC(=O)R5,杂芳基或其组合取代,或
芳基或杂芳基,其任选地被羟基,巯基,硝基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR5,SR5,NR3R4,CO2R5,或其组合取代;
R2为NR3R4或OR5;
R3,R4和R5独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,芳基,杂芳基,或
C1-6烷基,其被羟基,巯基,氨基,磺酸,羧酸,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,杂芳基,或其组合取代,或R3和R4一起形成任选地被羟基或卤化物取代的杂环。
在本公开的示例性方面,这些化合物包括这种结构的化合物,其中:
Rl是3-CF3-C6H4-;3-Me-C6H4-;3-CF3-C6H4-;3-Me-C6H4-;3-CF3-C6H4-;3-Me-C6H4-;2-CF3-C6H4-;4-CF3-C6H4-;苯基-;3-NO2-C6H4-;3-F-C6H4-;3-Cl-C6H4-;3,5-diCF3-C6H3-;2-OMe-C6H4-;3-OMe-C6H4-;3-吡啶基;3-Et-C6H4-;3-CF3-C6H4-;3-CF3-C6H4-;和,
R2是-NH2,-NHMe,-NEt2,-OEt,或-OH。
在一个实施方案中,化合物包括这种结构的化合物,其中R1是3-Me-C6H4-而R2是-NH2。
在相关方面,本公开提供了包含以下化学式的TLR8抑制剂:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
每个X独立地为氮或碳;
R1,R3,R4和R5独立地为H,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,C2-4炔基,C1-4烷氧基,OR6;或
C1-6烷基,其任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR6,SR6,NR7R8,CO2R6,OC(=O)R6,杂芳基,或其组合取代;或
芳基或杂芳基,其任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,OR6,SR6,NR7R8,CO2R6,或其组合取代;
R2为H,NR7R8,或OR6;和,
R6,R7,和R8独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,芳基,杂芳基,苄基;或
C1-6烷基,其被羟基,巯基,氨基,磺酸,羧酸,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,杂芳基,或其组合取代;或
R7和R8一起形成任选地被羟基或卤化物取代的杂环;或
R1和R5一起形成包含一个或两个选自氮或碳的杂环原子的5或6元未取代的芳族杂环。
在一个实施方案中,化合物包括具有该结构的化合物,其中X是氮或碳;R1是-OMe;R2是H;R3是H;R4是OH;并且R 5是H。
在一个实施方案中,化合物包括具有该结构的化合物,其中X是氮或碳;R1是-OH;R2是H;R3是H;R4是OH;并且R5是H。
该式的示例性化合物包括具有化学结构的以下任何一种化合物:
在相关方面,本公开提供了包含以下化学式的TLR8抑制剂:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1,R3和R4独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,C2-4炔基,C1-4烷氧基,或
C1-6烷基,其任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR5,SR5,NR3R4,C02R5,OC(=O)R5,杂芳基,或其组合取代,或
芳基或杂芳基,其任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,OR7,SR7,NR5R6,C02R7,或其组合取代;
R2为H,NR5R6,或OR7;以及,
R5,R6和R7独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,芳基,杂芳基,或
C1-6烷基,其被羟基,巯基,氨基,磺酸,羧酸,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,杂芳基或其组合取代,或R5和R6一起形成任选地被羟基或卤化物取代的杂环。
在本公开的示例性方面,这些化合物包括该结构的化合物,其中:
Rl是H;
R2是H或-OH;
R3是H或-CH3。
本公开还提供了通过向个体施用包含抑制个体的免疫反应的有效量的本发明的化合物的药物组合物来抑制个体的免疫反应的方法。免疫反应可能与自身免疫疾病有关。抑制免疫反应可以改善自身免疫性疾病的一种或多种症状。自身免疫疾病可以选自包含风湿性关节炎,胰腺炎,混合组织结缔性疾病,系统性红斑狼疮,抗磷脂综合征,肠易激疾病,I型糖尿病和干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)的组类。自身免疫疾病可能与包含RNA的免疫化合物(或来自与肽结合的RNA,如阳离子肽,引起的炎症)有关。免疫反应可以与炎性疾病相关,而抑制免疫反应可以改善炎性疾病的一种或多种症状。炎性疾病可能与TLR8表达升高(或TLR8信号异常)有关。抑制免疫反应可以治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病。替代地或另外地,抑制免疫反应可以预防或延缓自身免疫疾病或炎性疾病的发展。在这些方法中,被治疗的个体可以是人类。
本公开还提供了前述任一段落中的化合物,该化合物用于制备治疗或预防自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病的药物。该药物可以包含用于减轻自身免疫性疾病的一种或多种症状的有效量的化合物。自身免疫疾病可以选自包含风湿性关节炎,胰腺炎,混合组织结缔性疾病,系统性红斑狼疮,抗磷脂综合征,肠易激疾病,I型糖尿病和干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)的组类。自身免疫疾病可能与包含RNA的免疫化合物(或来自与肽结合的RNA,如阳离子肽,引起的炎症)有关。免疫反应可以与炎性疾病相关。所述药物可以包含用于减轻自身免疫性疾病的一种或多种症状的有效量的本公开的化合物。炎性疾病可能与TLR8表达升高(或TLR8信号异常)有关。该药物可以治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病。替代地或另外地,该药物可以预防或延迟自身免疫疾病或炎性疾病的发展。具有自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病的个体可以是人类。
本发明内容既无意也不应解释为代表本发明的全部内容和范围。此外,本文中对“本公开”或“该公开”或其各个方面的引用应被理解为表示本公开的某些实施例,并且不必理解为将所有实施例限制为特定的描述。在该概要以及附图和详细说明中以各种详细程度阐述了本发明,并且该概要中的元件、组件等的包括或不包括,无意于限制本发明的范围。从具体描述中,特别是当与附图一起使用时,本发明的其他方面将变得更加显而易见。
附图说明
图1示出雷公藤甲素的化学结构。
图2示出,通过两个独立的重复实验确定的平均Z'因子为0.68,这表明HTS检测是可靠的。将先前建立的NF-κB抑制剂,雷公藤甲素(TL;图1)用作阳性对照。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。
图3示出了吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(pyrazolo[l,5-α]pyrimidine)衍生物的合成方案。试剂和条件:(i)l,1-二甲氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺(DMF-DMA),回流;(ii)5-氨基-4-乙氧基羰基-1H-吡唑(5-amino-4-ethoxycarbonyl-lH-pyrazole),AcOH,回流;(iii)NaOH,H2O/EtOH,80℃;然后用1M盐酸酸化;(iv)SOCl2,回流;(v)DCM,THF中或DCM中的NH3,THF中或DCM中的甲胺(6n),TFF中的二乙胺(6o)。
图4A-4F示出CU-CPT8m有效且选择性地抑制TLR8。图4A示出了化合物CU-CPT8m和4a(阴性对照)的化学结构,浓度-响应曲线(黑色)和HEK-Blue TLR8细胞系中CU-CPT8m的剂量依赖性细胞毒性(红色)。化合物治疗24小时后收集数据,并标准化为DMSO对照(平均值±SD,n=3)。图4B示出了CU-CPT8m(1μM)的特异性测试的结果,其测试使用TLR特异性激动剂选择性激活不同的HEK-Blue TLR-过表达细胞:1.TLR1/2:100ng/mLPam3CSK4;2.TLR2/6:100ng/mLPam2CSK3;3.TLR3:5μg/mLpoly(I:C);4.TLR4:20ng/mL LPS;5.TLR5:50ng/mL鞭毛蛋白;6.TLR7:1μg/mLR848;7.TLR8:1μg/mLR848;8.TLR9:0.15μM ODN2006用于在存在或不存在1μMCU-CPT8m的情况下选择性激活各自的TLR(均值±SD;n=3)。图4C示出与滴定CU-CPT8m的TLR8的ITC分析。图4D示出在存在和不存在1μMCU-CPT8m或阴性对照4a(10mM)的情况下,在R848处理的HEKBlue TLR8细胞中TNF-α和IL-8mRNA的水平。显示的数据是通过执行技术重复的两个生物学重复样品的平均定量。图4E示出CU-CPT8m对THP-1细胞中由TLR8介导的TNF-α产生的剂量依赖性反应,该图的指示浓度为CU-CPT8m或4a(10μM)。数据表示三个生物学重复的平均值(±SD),每个生物学重复执行三次的重复。图4F示出了CU-CPT8m或4a(50μM)对1μg/mLR848诱导的PBMC细胞中由TLR8介导的TNF-α产生的剂量依赖性反应。数据表示3个生物学重复的平均值(±SD),每个生物学重复执行三次的重复。
图5示出化合物CU-CPT8m在被R848激活的HEK-Blue TLR7细胞中的抑制活性。TLR7介导的NF-kB激活不受浓度高达75μM的CU-CPT8m的影响。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。
图6示出了CU-CPT8m与TLR8蛋白之间相互作用的示意图。疏水性口袋和氢键分别显示为灰色虚弧线和红色虚线。
图7A-7D示出了CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b的细胞活性。图7A和7B示出了CU-CPT9a(图7A)和CU-CPT9b(图7B)在HEK-Blue TLR8细胞中的抑制作用和细胞生存力的结果。图7C和7D示出CU-CPT9a(图7C;80nM)和CU-CPT9b(图7D;80nM)抑制ssRNA40(2.5μg/mL),也抑制HEK-Blue TLR8细胞中被R848(1μg/mL)诱导的TLR8激活。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。
图8A和8B示出了CU-CPT9a对所选TLR下游信号通路蛋白表达水平的影响。图8A示出了IRAK-4,TRAF-3,p65,TRIF和IRF3的代表性蛋白质印迹带。用R848(1μg/mL)处理的THP-1细胞在使用或不使用CU-CPT9a(0、5、50、500nM)2小时后的免疫印迹分析。这些数据显示磷酸化的IRAK4(p-IRAK4),TRAF3以及NF-κB/p65的核表达的升高和抑制。IRAK4,TRIF,IRF3,NF-κB/p65细胞质组分的表达水平在对R848和CU-CPT9a处理的反应中没有显示变化。图8B显示出了定量数据分析。对特定信号进行光密度分析后,使用图像J软件来计算p65/核纤层蛋白A/C,TRAF3/GADPH,p-IRAK4/IRAK4和TRIF/GADPH的比率。B-肌动蛋白和GAPDH用作细胞质级分的内部对照。核纤层蛋白A/C用作核级分。数据代表了显示相同趋势的多种独立蛋白质制剂(n>3)。*P<0.05;;**P<0.01;***P<0.001。
图9A和9B示出TLR8抑制剂一致地识别蛋白质-蛋白质界面上的变构口袋,稳定了失活的TLR8二聚体。图9A示出了CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b的化学结构。图9B示出了拮抗剂结合位点的特写视图及其TLR8/CU-CPT9b的示意图。
图10A和10B示出了TLR8的剂量依赖性二聚。使用各种浓度的CU-CPT9b(图10A)和R848(图10B)处理的TLR8的凝胶过滤色谱的洗脱曲线。对于每个图,左侧显示保留体积和280nm处的标准化吸光度(A280),而在右侧则绘出相对于其摩尔比(配体/TLR8)的TLR8峰的保留体积。
图11A和11B示出TLR8抑制剂抑制了源自不同患者的多个人原代细胞中促炎细胞因子的产生。图11A示出了CU-CPT8m处理对自OA患者获取的滑膜细胞中IL-1β(左)和TNF-α(右)产生的影响。该图表示与相同患者的未处理细胞相比,抑制剂处理24小时后的百分比变化。每个数据点代表独立的生物样本读数。中心线表示平均值,晶须表示±s.e.m。(n=3个用于IL-1β的独立的生物样本,以及n=4个用于TNF-α的独立生物样本,其执行技术重复,P值采用单向方差分析确定(*P<0.05,**P<0.01)。图11B示出了CU-CPT8m(左)和CU-CPT9a(右)处理对自RA患者获取的PBMC细胞中TNF-α产生的影响。每个数据点代表一个独立的生物样本读取。中心线表示平均值,晶须表示±s.e.m。(n=4个用于CU-CPT8m的独立生物学样本,以及n=3个用于CU-CPT9a的独立生物学样本,其执行技术重复,P值采用单向方差分析确定,*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***p<0.001)。
图12示出了CU-CPT8m对滑膜细胞的细胞毒性。CU-CPT8m在从骨关节炎(OA)患者中分离出的滑膜细胞中浓度高达100μM时几乎没有细胞毒性。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。由重复执行来测定数据。
图13示出了自成年史蒂尔氏病(AOSD)患者获取的PBMC中,CU-CPT9a对TNF-α水平的剂量依赖性抑制。阴性对照化合物(4a)在40μM时未显示出明显的抑制活性。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。*P<0.05;**P<0.01;***P<0.001;****P<0.0001。
图14示出了自RA患者(n=2)获取的PBMC中,阴性对照化合物(4a)对TNF-α水平的抑制。4a在高达80μM时没有显示出明显的抑制活性。结果显示为平均值±s.e.m。
图15A示出了化合物CU-CPT8m和CU-CPT9a-9f的化学结构。图15B示出化合物CU-CPT8m,CU-CPT9a,CU-CPT9c和CU-CPT9d对使用R848(1μg/mL)作为激动剂的HEK-Blue细胞中的TLR8信号的剂量依赖性抑制的作用(数据为平均值±SD;n=3个独立实验)。
图16A和16B示出了CU-CPT化合物的特异性测试。图16A示出了化合物CU-CPT9a(上)和9b(下)在过表达单个TLR的ITEK-Blue细胞中的特异性测试的结果。对于HEK-BluehTLR1/2,hTLR2/6,hTLR3,hTLR4,hTLR5,hTLR7/8和hTLR9细胞,Pam3CSK4(100ng/mL),Pam2CSK4(100ng/mL),poly(I:C)(5μg/mL),LPS(脂多糖)(20ng/mL),鞭毛蛋白(50ng/mL),R848(1μg mL),ODN2006(0.15μM)分别用作TLR特异性激动剂。图16B示出了化合物CU-CPT9a(上)和9b(下)在从人供体分离的PBMC(B细胞,单核细胞,等)中的特异性测试结果。整个PBMC群体用于评估针对TLR2、4和5的拮抗剂活性。分离的B细胞用于评估针对TLR7和9的拮抗剂活性,分离的单核细胞用于TLR8。(数据为平均值±SD;n=3个独立实验)。
图17提供了显示TLR8/CU-CPT9a(上),TLR8/CU-CPT9b(中)和TLR8/CU-CPT9c(下)复合物的结合口袋内的相互作用的示意图。
图18A和18B示出了CU-CPT化合物在脾细胞中的抑制作用。在自hTLR8tg/TLR7-KO小鼠获取的脾细胞中,CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b作为TLR8信号转导的监测器(图18A),表现出对IL-12p40产生的抑制,对小鼠TLR9(图18B)没有活性。ORN8L(100μg/mL)和1018(7.1μg/mL)分别用作TLR8和TLR9激动剂。
图19A示出了硝基衍生物的代表性合成路线。试剂和条件:(i)AlCl3,二氯乙烷,回流过夜;(ii)肼,EtOH,回流过夜;(iii)B2Pin2,KOAc,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,90℃;(iv)K2CO3,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,H2O,90℃,过夜。
图19B示出了喹啉衍生物的代表性合成路线。试剂和条件:(i)POCl3,回流过夜;(ii)B2Pin2,KOAc,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,90℃,过夜;(iii)K2CO3,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,H2O,90℃,过夜。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了可用于抑制TLR8和TLR8相关的免疫反应的化合物。这些化合物选择性地抑制TLR8,而对包括TLR7或TLR9的其他TLR蛋白家族成员有着最小影响或没有影响,并且对与本公开的化合物接触的细胞或组织有着最小或没有不利影响。本文提供了Toll样受体8(TLR8)抑制剂和用于抑制个体中TLR8依赖性免疫反应的方法。个体可能患有自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病。本公开的TLR8抑制剂是包括TLR8抑制基序的化合物。
通用技术
除非另有说明,否则本公开内容的方法采用分子生物学的常规技术(包括重组技术),微生物学,细胞生物学,化学,生物化学和免疫学,其在本领域技术范围内。此类技术已在文献中得到充分说明,例如,Molecular Cloning:ALaboratory Manual,second edition(Sambrook et al.,1989);Oligonucleotide Synthesis(Gait,ed.,1984);Animal CellCulture(Freshney,ed,1987);Handbook of Experimental Immunology(Weir&Blackwell,eds.);Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells(Miller&Calos,eds.,1987);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology(Ausubel et al.,eds.,1987);PCR:ThePolymerase Chain Reaction(Mullis etal.,eds.,1994);Current Protocols inImmunology(Coligan et al.,eds.,1991);The Immunoassay Handbook(Wild,ed.,Stockton Press NY,1994);Bioconjugate Techniques(Hermanson,ed.,Academic Press,1996);和Methods ofImmunological Analysis(Masseyeff,Albert,and Staines,eds.,Weinheim:VCH Verlags gesellschaft mbH,1993)。
定义
术语“核酸”包括单链DNA(ssDNA),双链DNA(dsDNA),单链RNA(ssRNA)和双链RNA(dsRNA),修饰的核苷酸,和多核苷,或其组合。
术语“激动剂”以最广义使用,并且包括任何通过受体激活信号的分子。例如,TLR8激动剂结合TLR8受体并激活TLR8信号通路。
术语“拮抗剂”以最广义使用,并且包括任何阻断激动剂的生物学活性的分子。例如,TLR8拮抗剂可抑制TLR8信号通路。
化合物对TLR8依赖性免疫反应的作用可以在存在和不存在该化合物的情况下,通过体外测量与TLR8激动剂接触的免疫细胞(例如白细胞,如淋巴细胞,单核细胞和树突细胞)的反应来确定。如本文所指,TLR8抑制剂是在小于500nM的IC 50(最大值一半的抑制浓度)下抑制TLR依赖性免疫反应的化合物。IC50小于200nM的化合物被认为是高活性TLR抑制剂。IC50为201-500nM的化合物被认为是中等活性的TLR抑制剂。IC50大于500mM的化合物被认为是基本上无活性的(例如,不是TLR抑制剂)。
可测量的免疫反应的实例包括,但不限于,抗原特异性抗体产生,细胞因子分泌,淋巴细胞活化和淋巴细胞增殖。
当与除感兴趣参数之外的其他相同条件相比,或者与另一条件相比(例如,与不存在TLR激动剂的情况相比,在存有TLR激动剂时有着TLR信号的增加),反应或参数的“刺激”包括引发和/或增强该反应或参数。例如,免疫反应的“刺激”是指反应的增加,其可以由引发和/或增强反应而引起。类似地,产生细胞因子(例如IL-lalpha,IL-lbeta,IL-6和/或TNF-alpha)的“刺激”或细胞类型(例如CTL)的“刺激”是指细胞因子或细胞类型的数量或水平的增加。
当与除感兴趣参数之外的其他相同条件相比,或者与另一条件相比(例如,与在不存在TLR拮抗剂的情况下存在TLR激动剂相比,在存有TLR激动剂和TLR拮抗剂时有着TLR信号的增加),反应或参数的“抑制”或“抑制”包括降低其反应或参数。
本文所用的术语“细胞”应理解为不仅指特定的受试细胞,而且指该细胞的后代或潜在后代。由于突变或环境影响,某些修饰可能会在后代中发生,因此此类后代实际上可能与亲本细胞不同,但仍包含在本文所用术语的范围内。
术语“个体”是指哺乳动物,包括人。个体包括但不限于人类,牛,马,猫,犬,啮齿动物或灵长类动物。
与一种或多种其他治疗剂“组合”给药包括在任何顺序下,同时(同时)和连续给药。
“慢性”给药是指以与急性模式相反的连续模式给药,以便在延长的时间内维持初始治疗效果(活性)。“间歇”给药是指不连续和/或持续进行而不中断的治疗,而本质上是周期性的。
本文所公开的试剂的“有效量”是足以实现特定说明的目的的量。“有效量”可以以相对于所述目的,凭经验和常规方式来确定。
术语“治疗有效量”是指有效“治疗”受试者(例如哺乳动物,例如人)中的疾病或病症的试剂(例如TLR抑制剂)的量。在自身免疫性疾病的情况下,该药物的治疗有效量减轻了自身免疫性疾病的体征或症状。例如,与类风湿性关节炎的治疗有关,治疗有效量的药剂(例如TLR8抑制剂)减轻了患者中类风湿性关节炎的体征或症状,其还可以降低对骨和软骨的损害率。
术语“治疗中”或“治疗”是指执行方案,该方案可包括向个体(人或其他)施用一种或多种药物,以减轻疾病的体征或症状。因此,“治疗中”或“治疗”不需要完全缓解体征或症状,不需要治愈,并且具体包括仅对个体具有边际影响的方案。
如本文所用以及在本领域中众所周知的,“治疗”是一种用于获得有益或期望结果,包括临床结果的方法。有益的或期望的临床结果包括但不限于缓解或改善一种或多种症状,疾病程度的减轻,疾病状态的稳定(即不恶化),预防疾病的传播,疾病进展的延缓或减慢,疾病状态的改善或减轻以及缓解(无论是部分还是全部),无论是可检测的还是不可检测的。与未接受治疗的预期生存期相比,“治疗”还可能意味延长生存期。
本文中对“大约”的值或参数的提及包括(并描述)针对该值或参数本身的变化。例如,提及“大约X”的描述包括对“X”的描述。
如本文和所附权利要求书中所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,单数形式“一个”,“或”和“该”包括复数指示物。
应当理解,本文描述为“包括”的方面包括“包含”和/或“实质上由各方面和实施例组成”。
成分
本文提供了包括针对TLR8的抑制性基序的化合物(TLR8抑制剂)。还提供了用于本文所述的任何方法的TLR8抑制剂。本公开内容的每种化合物包括至少一个抑制基序。
本公开内容还提供了制备包括TLR8的抑制性基序的化合物的方法。该方法可以是本文描述的任何方法。例如,该方法可以是合成TLR抑制剂(例如,使用固态合成),并且可以进一步包括任何纯化步骤。纯化方法是本领域已知的。
TLR抑制剂复合物
本公开的TLR抑制剂可以直接施用给个体,或者它们可以以组合物或复合物的形式施用以增强TLR抑制剂向细胞的递送和/或细胞的摄取。组合物或复合物也可以用于增强两种或更多种不同的TLR抑制剂向细胞的共同递送,可以复合TLR抑制剂的混合物以递送至少一种TLR抑制剂。
这样的递送组合物或复合物包括但不限于如本文所述和本领域已知的包封复合物和胶体分散系统。这种递送组合物的实例包括水包油乳剂,胶束和脂质体。递送组合物或复合物还包括与本文所述的接头分子,平台分子,纳米颗粒或微粒相连的TLR抑制剂。这样的连接包括共价和非共价连接。TLR抑制剂可以多种方式与接头分子缀合,包括相互作用的共价和/或非共价。
TLR抑制剂可以其他方式近缘结合。例如,TLR抑制剂可以通过包囊化而近缘结合或通过与平台分子的相连而近缘结合。“平台分子”(也称为“平台”)是包括允许TLR抑制剂附着的位点的分子,TLR抑制剂可以通过吸附到表面(优选为载体颗粒)上而近缘结合。本文所述的方法可以使用与TLR抑制剂联合的包囊剂。优选地,包括TLR8抑制剂和包封剂的组合物为佐剂水包油乳剂,微粒和/或脂质体的形式。胶体分散系统,例如微球,珠,大分子复合物,纳米胶囊和基于脂质的系统,例如水包油乳剂,胶束,混合的胶束和脂质体,可以有效地包封本发明的含TLR抑制剂的组合物。
包封组合物还包括多种组分中的任何一种。这些包括但不限于明矾,脂质,磷脂,聚乙二醇(PEG)和其他聚合物,例如多肽,糖肽和多糖。
含有组织或细胞靶向组分的脂质双层,例如脂质体,也可以用于本公开的TLR抑制剂组合物中。当此类靶向组分施用于完整的动物,器官或细胞培养物时,优先于其他组织或细胞部位,该靶向组分在某些组织或细胞部位可增强蓄积。靶向组分通常可从脂质体外部获得,因此优选结合至外表面或插入外部脂质双层中。连接至上述任何分子的靶向组分尤其可以是肽,较大肽的区域,对细胞表面分子或标志物特异性的抗体,或其抗原结合片段,核酸,碳水化合物,复合碳水化合物的区域,特殊脂质,或小分子,例如药物,激素或半抗原。对细胞类型特异性的细胞表面标志物具有特异性的抗体是本领域已知的,并且可以通过本领域已知的方法轻易地制备。脂质体可以靶向治疗性治疗所针对的任何细胞类型,例如可以调节和/或参与免疫反应的细胞类型。这样的靶细胞和器官包括但不限于APC,例如巨噬细胞,树突细胞和淋巴细胞,淋巴结构,例如淋巴结和脾脏,以及非淋巴结构,特别是其中发现树突细胞的那些。
药物配方
本文还提供了包括本文所述的TLR抑制剂的药物制剂。包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂可以以有效量的组合物施用于个体以达到特异性结果。药物制剂可以常规地包含药学上可接受的浓度的盐,缓冲剂,防腐剂,相容性载体,佐剂和任选地其他治疗成分。药物制剂包括至少一种本公开的TLR8抑制剂。
药物制剂可以包括,例如,用于注射或吸入的水溶液或盐溶液,或者可以被微囊化,涂在微观金颗粒上,包在脂质体中,雾化的,气雾剂中,用于植入皮肤的小丸剂,或干燥到锋利的物体上,然后将其划入皮肤。药物制剂还包括颗粒剂,散剂,片剂,包衣片剂,(微)胶囊,栓剂,糖浆,混悬剂,乳膏剂,滴剂或活性化合物长期释放的制剂,例如,如上所述,通常在该制剂中所使用的赋形剂和添加剂和/或助剂,如崩解剂,粘合剂,包衣剂,溶胀剂,润滑剂,调味剂,甜味剂或增溶剂。药物制剂适用于多种药物递送系统。
包括TLR8抑制剂的药物制剂可以进一步包括药学上可接受的载体,赋形剂或稳定剂。药学上可接受的载体,赋形剂或稳定剂在本文中描述并且是本领域众所周知的(参见,例如,Remington:The Science and Practice ofPharmacy,20th edition,MackPublishing,2000)。生理上可接受的载体,赋形剂或稳定剂的实例包括但不限于缓冲剂,例如磷酸盐,柠檬酸盐和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸;低分子量多肽;蛋白质,例如血清白蛋白,明胶;或免疫球蛋白;亲水聚合物,例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,例如甘氨酸,谷氨酰胺,天冬酰胺,精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖,二糖,和其他碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖,甘露糖,或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖醇,例如甘露醇或山梨糖醇;成盐的抗衡离子,例如钠;和/或非离子表面活性剂,例如聚乙二醇(PEG)和
包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂可以适合于肠胃外施用。可接受的媒介物和溶剂包括水,林格氏溶液,磷酸盐缓冲盐水,和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌的固定油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以使用任何温和的固定矿物油或非矿物油,包括合成的甘油一酸酯-或甘油二酸酯。另外,发现脂肪酸如油酸可用于注射剂的制备中。包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂也可以适合于皮下,肌内,腹膜内或静脉内递送。
包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂可以是定时释放,延迟释放或持续释放的药物制剂。持续释放的药物制剂包括聚合物基础体系,例如聚(丙交酯-乙交酯),共聚草酸酯,聚己内酯,聚酯酰胺,聚原酸酯,聚羟基丁酸,和聚酸酐。含药物的聚合物的微胶囊描述于,例如在美国专利号5,075,109。非聚合物药物制剂可以包括:脂质,包括固醇,例如胆固醇,胆固醇酯和脂肪酸,或中性脂肪,例如甘油一酸酯,甘油二酸酯和甘油三酸酯;水凝胶释放系统;硅橡胶系统;基于肽的系统;蜡涂层;使用常规粘合剂和赋形剂的压制片剂;部分融合的植入物;等。
包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂可以适合于局部应用,包括但不限于生理学上可接受的软膏剂,霜剂,冲洗剂,乳剂,洗剂,溶液,糊剂和凝胶剂。
包括TLR抑制剂的药物制剂可以是配制用于透皮给药的药物制剂。透皮给药是通过施用,例如,霜剂,冲洗剂或凝胶剂来完成的。
药物制剂可以是配制用于胃肠道给药途径的药物制剂。用于胃肠道的药物制剂可包括药学上可接受的粉剂,丸剂或用于摄取的液体,以及用于直肠给药的栓剂。
药物制剂可以是配制用于鼻咽和肺部给药的药物制剂。适用于鼻咽和肺部给药的药物制剂包括但不限于用于形成气雾剂的液体悬浮液以及提供用于干粉吸入递送系统的粉剂形式。
使用方法
本文提供了抑制个体的免疫反应的方法,包括向该个体施用有效量的本公开的TLR8抑制剂。TLR抑制剂抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应。个人可能是人类患者。
免疫调节的方法由本公开提供,并且该方法包括抑制和/或抑制免疫反应,包括但不限于免疫反应。本公开还提供了改善与不想要的免疫激活有关的症状的方法,包括但不限于与自身免疫有关的症状。根据本文描述的方法的免疫抑制和/或抑制可以在个体上实施,包括遭受与免疫反应的不必要的激活相关的病症的个体。本公开还提供了抑制TLR8诱导的反应的方法(例如,体外或体内)。在一些变体中,以有效抑制有助于免疫反应的细胞的反应的量的TLR8抑制剂与该细胞接触。
抑制TLR8可用于治疗和/或预防对细胞因子有反应的多种疾病或病症。可用于治疗TLR8抑制剂的条件包括,但不限于自身免疫性疾病和炎性疾病。本文提供了在个体中治疗或预防疾病或病症的方法,其包括向所述个体施用有效量的TLR8抑制剂。此外,提供了改善与疾病或病症有关的症状的方法,包括对患有该疾病或病症的个体施用有效量的TLR8抑制剂。本文还提供了用于预防或延迟疾病或病症的发展的方法,该方法包括向患有该疾病或病症的个体施用有效量的TLR8抑制剂。
本文提供了抑制个体免疫反应的方法,该方法包括以有效抑制个体免疫反应的量向个体施用至少一种本发明的TLR8抑制剂。在一些变体中,免疫反应与自身免疫疾病有关。进一步地,,其中免疫反应的抑制改善了自身免疫疾病的一种或多种症状。更进一步地,,其中免疫反应的抑制可治疗自身免疫疾病。更进一步地,其中免疫反应的抑制可预防或延缓自身免疫疾病的发展。在一些变体中,TLR8抑制剂抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应。在一些方面,以有效抑制个体的免疫反应的量施用至少一种TLR8抑制剂。
本文还提供了在个体中治疗或预防自身免疫疾病的方法,包括向个体施用有效量的TLR8抑制剂。在一些方面,自身免疫疾病的特征在于关节痛,抗核抗体阳性,黄斑,或盘状疹。在一些方面,自身免疫疾病与皮肤,肌肉组织,和/或结缔组织有关,但是自身免疫疾病不一定总是通过个体的皮肤,肌肉组织,和/或结缔组织症状中得到证实。自身免疫性疾病可能是全身性的。自身免疫性疾病包括但不限于类风湿关节炎(RA),自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP),系统性红斑狼疮(SLE),I型糖尿病,多发性硬化症(MS),抗磷脂综合征(APS),硬化性胆管炎,全身性发作性关节炎,肠易激病(IBD),硬皮病,干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病),白癜风,多发性肌炎,寻常性天疱疮,叶天疱疮,炎症性肠病(包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎),自身免疫性肝炎,垂体功能低下,移植物抗宿主病(GvHD),自身免疫性皮肤病,葡萄膜炎,恶性贫血和甲状旁腺功能低下。自身免疫性疾病可能还包括,但不限于,多血管炎重叠综合征,川崎病,结节病,肾小球肾炎和冰冻病。这些条件在医学领域是众所周知的,并且描述于,例如Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine,14th ed.,Fauci et al.,eds.,NewYork:McGraw-Hill,1998。在某些方面,自身免疫性疾病选自包括关节炎,胰腺炎,混合性结缔组织疾病(MCTD),狼疮,抗磷脂综合症(APS),全身性发作性关节炎,和肠易激综合症的组。在其他方面,自身免疫性疾病选自包括系统性红斑狼疮(SLE),类风湿性关节炎,自身免疫性皮肤病,和多发性硬化症的组。在其他方面,自身免疫疾病选自包括胰腺炎,肾小球肾炎,肾盂炎,硬化性胆管炎和I型糖尿病的组。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是类风湿性关节炎。在一些方面,自身免疫性疾病是自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是肾小球肾炎。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是肾盂炎。在一些方面,自身免疫疾病是硬化性胆管炎。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是牛皮癣。在一些方面,自身免疫疾病是类风湿性疾病或病症。在一些方面,类风湿疾病或病症是类风湿关节炎。在某些方面,该疾病是糖尿病和/或糖尿病相关疾病或病症。在一些方面,其中所述自身免疫疾病与含RNA的免疫复合物有关。在某些方面,自身免疫性疾病是干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)。
本文提供了抑制个体免疫反应的方法,该方法包括以有效抑制个体免疫反应的量向个体施用至少一种本文公开的TLR抑制剂。在一些变体中,免疫反应与炎性疾病有关。如本文所用,术语“炎性病症”涵盖自身免疫性疾病以及没有已知自身免疫成分(例如,动脉硬化,哮喘等)的炎性病症。进一步地,抑制免疫反应改善了炎性疾病的一种或多种症状。更进一步地,抑制免疫反应可治疗炎性疾病。更进一步地,抑制免疫反应可预防或延缓炎性疾病的发展。在一些方面,炎性疾病选自包括非类风湿性关节炎,肾纤维化和肝纤维化的组。在某些方面,炎性疾病是一种界面皮炎。在另一些方面,界面皮炎选自包括扁平苔藓,苔藓样喷发,扁平苔藓样角化病,纹状苔藓,慢性苔藓样角化,多形红斑,固定药疹,牛皮癣,苔藓样苔藓,光毒性皮炎,放射性皮炎,病毒性发烧,皮肌炎,继发性梅毒,地衣性硬化和萎缩症,真菌病,大疱性天疱疮,地衣性金黄色,角化病,慢性硬皮炎萎缩症,和萎缩性黑色素瘤的组。在一些方面,炎性病症是皮肤疾病,例如特应性皮炎(湿疹)。在某些方面,炎性疾病是无菌的炎性疾病,例如作为药物引起的肝脏和/或胰腺炎症。在一些其他方面,炎性疾病是炎性肝病。在另一些其他方面,所述炎性疾病是炎性胰腺疾病。
本文提供了抑制个体免疫反应的方法,该方法包括以有效抑制个体免疫反应的量向个体施用至少一种本文公开的TLR抑制剂。在一些变体中,免疫反应与慢性病原体刺激有关。在一些变体中,免疫反应与HIV感染有关。进一步地,其中免疫反应的抑制改善了由HIV感染引起的病毒性疾病或病症的一种或多种症状。更进一步地,其中免疫反应的抑制可治疗由HIV感染引起的病毒性疾病或病症。更进一步地,其中免疫反应的抑制可预防或延缓由HIV感染引起的病毒性疾病或病症的发展。本文提供的其他变体方案涉及已经被暴露于或感染HIV的个体的免疫抑制疗法。向已经暴露于或感染HIV的个体施用TLR抑制剂来抑制由HIV诱导的细胞因子产生。在一些方面,以有效抑制暴露于或感染HIV的个体中HIV诱导的细胞因子产生的量施用至少一种TLR抑制剂。
本文提供了抑制个体中TLR8依赖性免疫反应的方法,该方法包括以有效抑制个体免疫反应的量向个体施用TLR抑制剂。在一些变体中,免疫反应与自身免疫疾病有关。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是类风湿性关节炎。在某些方面,TLR抑制剂可有效抑制类风湿关节炎的一种或多种症状。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是多发性硬化症。在一些方面,TLR抑制剂可有效抑制多发性硬化的一种或多种症状。在某些方面,自身免疫性疾病是狼疮。在一些方面,TLR抑制剂有效抑制狼疮的一种或多种症状。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是胰腺炎。在某些方面,TLR抑制剂可有效抑制胰腺炎的一种或多种症状。在某些方面,自身免疫疾病是糖尿病。在一些方面,TLR抑制剂有效抑制糖尿病的一种或多种症状。在某些方面,该疾病是干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)。在某些方面,TLR抑制剂有效抑制干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)的一种或多种症状。在一些变体中,免疫反应与炎性疾病有关。在一些方面,TLR抑制剂有效抑制炎性病症的一种或多种症状。在一些变体中,免疫反应与慢性病原体刺激有关。在某些方面,TLR抑制剂有效的抑制慢性病原体刺激的一种或多种症状。在一些变体中,免疫反应与由HIV感染引起的病毒性疾病有关。在一些方面,TLR抑制剂有效抑制由HIV感染引起的病毒性疾病的一种或多种症状。在任何变体中,TLR抑制剂是包含针对TLR8的抑制性基序的化合物。
本文的方法提供预防性治疗,治疗性治疗或两者。本文所用的预防性治疗是指在观察症状和/或怀疑暴露于该病的病原体(例如,病原体或致癌物)之前开始的治疗。通常,预防性治疗可以降低(a)在接受治疗的个体发展为疾病的可能性和/或(b)在受试者发展为疾病的情况下,症状的持续时间和/或严重性。如本文所用,治疗性治疗指的是在观察症状和/或怀疑暴露于该病的病原体后开始的治疗。一般而言,治疗可能会降低与疾病相关的症状的严重程度和/或持续时间。
如本文所证实的,包括针对一种或多种TLR8的抑制性基序的特定TLR抑制剂不抑制TLR7依赖性的细胞反应。本公开的TLR8抑制剂可能不抑制TLR1依赖性,TLR2依赖性,TLR3依赖性,TLR4依赖性,TLR5依赖性,TLR6依赖性,TLR7依赖性,TLR9依赖性,TLR10依赖性,TLR11依赖性,TLR12依赖性和/或TLR13依赖性的细胞反应。如本文所述,包含TLR8的抑制性基序的TLR8抑制剂可以抑制或抑制免疫反应,该反应可由体外,体内和/或离体测定来测量。
如本文所述,一些具有新定义的TLR8抑制性基序的TLR抑制剂在抑制TLR8依赖性的细胞反应中特别有效。如本文所述,一些TLR抑制剂在抑制TLR8依赖性的细胞反应中特别有效。
在涉及向个体施用本发明的TLR8抑制剂的方法中(例如,抑制免疫反应,治疗或预防自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病等的方法),TLR抑制剂在治疗上具有可接受的安全特征。TLR8抑制剂可以具有,例如,治疗上可接受的组织学特征,包括在肝脏,肾脏,胰腺或其他器官中有可接受的低毒性(如果有的话)。有时,化合物与某些器官如肝,肾和胰腺中的毒性有关。TLR8抑制剂的安全性特征可能是出乎意料和有利的。安全性特征包括对毒性,组织学,和/或坏死(例如肝,肾和/或心脏)的评估。TLR8抑制剂可能具有治疗上可接受的毒性水平。与另一种TLR8抑制剂相比,TLR8抑制剂的毒性可能相对降低。例如,在评估肝脏,肾脏和/或心脏时,TLR8抑制剂可具有更好的组织学特征(例如,较低的严重性评分)。TLR8抑制剂可能具有治疗上可接受的坏死评分。例如,当与参考TLR抑制剂相比,TLR8抑制剂可减少坏死与/或有更好(例如更低)的坏死评分。例如,当与参考TLR抑制剂相比,TLR8抑制剂可具有减少的肾脏和/或肝细胞坏死和/或更好的肾脏和/或肝细胞的坏死评分。
在涉及向个体施用TLR抑制剂的本公开的任何方法中(例如,抑制免疫反应,治疗或预防自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病等的方法),TLR抑制剂具有治疗上可接受的药代动力学(PK)或药物代谢和药代动力学(DMPK)。在任何这些方法中,TLR8抑制剂的PK谱或PK与另一种TLR抑制剂相似。治疗上可接受的安全性特征可以在小鼠或大鼠中确定。
在涉及向个体施用本发明的TLR8抑制剂的任何方法中(例如,抑制免疫反应,治疗或预防自身免疫性疾病或炎性疾病等的方法),TLR8抑制剂可诱导治疗上可接受的B细胞活化水平。与阳性对照化合物相比(例如,免疫刺激序列),TLR8抑制剂可诱导低水平的B细胞活化。TLR8抑制剂可能会诱导低水平的B细胞活化,这与另一种已知具有低B细胞活化作用的TLR抑制剂相当或不明显更高。与已知具有低B细胞活化的另一种TLR8抑制剂相比,TLR抑制剂可诱导B细胞活化至显著小于约1倍,1.5倍,2倍,2.5倍,或3倍的水平。TLR抑制剂可能显示浓度依赖性的B细胞活化。
TLR抑制剂的施用和免疫反应的评估
与用于抑制免疫反应的所有组合物一样,本公开所述特定TLR8抑制剂制剂的有效量和给药方法可根据个体,所要治疗的病症以及本领域技术人员显而易见的其他因素而变化。
在一些方面,TLR抑制剂的剂量足以抑制对TLR8激动剂的反应,抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应,抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应,改善自身免疫性疾病的一种或多种症状,改善慢性炎症性疾病的症状,减少应对HIV的细胞因子产生,和/或治疗和/或预防由TLR8介导的疾病或病症的一种或多种症状。在一些方面,以有效抑制个体免疫反应的量施用至少一种本公开的TLR8抑制剂。
合适的剂量范围是提供所期望的免疫反应调节(例如,抑制TLR8激动剂或抑制响应TLR8激动剂的IFN或其他细胞因子产生)。通常,剂量取决于给个体施用TLR8抑制剂的量。包含TLR抑制剂的组合物的有用剂量范围可以是,例如以下任一种:0.1至10mg/kg,0.5至10mg/kg,1至10mg/kg,0.1至20mg/kg,0.1至20mg/kg或1至20mg/kg。给予每个个体的绝对量取决于药理学性质,例如生物利用度,清除率和给药途径。
为了治疗个体,可能需要使用不同的剂量,该剂量取决于药剂的活性,给药方式,给药目的(即预防或治疗),疾病的性质和严重性,个体的年龄和体重。剂量通常由医师或其他保健专业人员根据本领域已知的各种参数来选择,例如症状的严重程度,个体的病史等。有效量的TLR8抑制剂可用于本文所述的方法中。
给定剂量的给药既可以以单个剂量单位的形式单次给药,也可以以几个较小的剂量单位给药。也考虑以间隔数天,数周或数月的特定间隔重复和多次的给药剂量。
特定TLR抑制剂制剂的有效给药量和方法可以根据个体患者,期望的结果和/或病症的类型,疾病的阶段以及本领域技术人员显而易见的其他因素而变化。在特定应用中有用的给药途径对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。给药途径包括但不限于局部,皮肤,透皮,透粘膜,表皮,肠胃外,胃肠道,和鼻咽和肺,包括经支气管和经肺泡。合适的剂量范围是提供足够的含TLR抑制剂的制剂,以达到通过血液水平测量的约1-50microM的组织浓度。给每个患者的绝对量取决于药理特性,例如生物利用度,清除率和给药途径。
如上所述,包括本发明的TLR8抑制剂的任何一种药物制剂可以通过全身(例如肠胃外)或局部(例如局部或病灶内注射)给药。药物制剂可以局部,肠胃外,口服,阴道,子宫内,鼻内,或通过吸入给药。如本文所述,其中发生或可能发生不希望的免疫激活的组织是TLR8抑制剂的优选靶标。因此,向淋巴结,脾,骨髓,血液以及暴露于病毒的组织施用TLR8抑制剂是优选的给药部位。
药物制剂包括本公开内容的TLR8抑制剂,可以肠胃外给药。肠胃外给药途径包括但不限于透皮,透粘膜,鼻咽,肺和直接注射。以注射施用肠胃外给药可以通过任何肠胃外注射途径进行,包括但不限于静脉内(IV),包括推注和输注(例如,快速或缓慢),腹膜内(IP),肌肉内(IM),皮下(SC)和皮内(ID)途径。透皮和透粘膜给药可通过,例如,包含载体(例如,二甲亚砜,DMSO),通过施加电脉冲(例如,离子电渗疗法)或其组合来实现。有多种可用的透皮给药装置。适用于注射的肠胃外给药的TLR8抑制剂制剂通常在USP水或水中配制,并且可以进一步包含pH缓冲剂,盐填充剂,防腐剂和其他药学上可接受的赋形剂。用于肠胃外注射的免疫抑制化合物可以配制在用于注射的药学上可接受的无菌等渗溶液中,例如盐水和磷酸盐缓冲盐水。
通过施用能够允许TLR抑制剂渗透皮肤并进入血流的霜剂,冲洗剂,凝胶等来完成透皮给药。适用于透皮给药的组合物包括,但不限于,直接施用于皮肤或掺入保护性载体例如透皮装置(所谓的“贴剂”)中的药学上可接受的混悬剂,油剂,霜剂和软膏剂。合适的霜剂,软膏等的例子可以在,例如医师咨询台中找到。透皮传递也可以通过离子电渗疗法来实现,例如使用可商购的贴剂,所述贴剂将其产品通过未破损皮肤以连续几天或更长的时间不间断地输送。该方法的使用允许相对较高浓度的药物组合物的受控传输,允许输注组合药物,并允许同时使用吸收促进剂。通过透皮和透粘膜途径的递送可以是连续的或搏动的。
胃肠道的给药途径包括但不限于摄取和直肠途径,并且可以包括使用,例如用于药学上可接受的粉剂,丸剂或摄取用的液体,以及用于直肠给药的栓剂。
鼻咽和肺部给药包括通过吸入来完成,并且包括递送途径,例如鼻内,经支气管和经肺泡途径。提供了适于通过吸入施用的TLR8抑制剂制剂,包括但不限于用于形成气雾剂的液体悬浮液以及用于干粉吸入递送系统的粉末形式。适用于通过吸入TLR8抑制剂制剂给药的装置包括但不限于雾化器,蒸发器,喷散器和干粉吸入输送设备。递送至呼吸道粘膜的其他方法包括液体制剂的输送,例如通过滴鼻剂。通过吸入的给药优选以离散剂量完成(例如,通过剂量吸入器),尽管可以通过使用喷散器来完成类似于输液的输送。
如本文所述,发生或可能发生不希望的免疫激活的组织是本公开的TLR8抑制剂的合适靶标。因此,将TLR抑制剂组合物施用于淋巴结,脾,骨髓,血液以及暴露于病毒的组织是优选的给药部位。
如本领域中众所周知的,用于本文所述的给药途径的溶液或混悬液可包括以下一种或多种组分:无菌稀释剂,例如注射用的水,盐溶液,固定性油,聚乙二醇,甘油,丙二醇或其他合成溶剂;抗菌剂,例如苯甲醇或对羟基苯甲酸甲酯;抗氧化剂,如抗坏血酸或亚硫酸氢钠;螯合剂,例如乙二胺四乙酸;缓冲液,例如醋酸盐,柠檬酸盐或磷酸盐,以及用于调节张力的试剂,例如氯化钠或葡萄糖。可用酸或碱(例如盐酸或氢氧化钠)调节pH。肠胃外制剂可以装入安瓿瓶,一次性注射器,或用玻璃或塑料制成的多剂量小瓶中。
如本领域所公知,适合于注射使用的药物组合物包括无菌水溶液(在水溶性的情况下)或分散体以及用于临时制备无菌注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉末。对于静脉内给药,合适的载体包括生理盐水,抑菌水,Cremophor EL.TM.(BASF,Parsippany,N.J.)或磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)。在所有情况下,该组合物必须是无菌的,并且应该具有易于注射的流动程度。该组合物在生产和储存条件下应该是稳定的,并且必须进行防腐处理以防止微生物(如细菌和真菌)的污染。载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,其包含例如水,乙醇,多元醇(例如甘油,丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)及其合适的混合物。适当的流动性可以通过,例如使用诸如卵磷脂的包衣,在分散液的情况下通过所需的粒径以及通过使用表面活性剂来维持。防止微生物的作用可以通过各种抗细菌和抗真菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯,氯丁醇,苯酚,抗坏血酸,硫柳汞等,来实现。在组合物中可优选包括等渗剂,例如糖,多元醇如甘露醇,山梨糖醇,氯化钠。通过在组合物中包括延迟吸收的试剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶,可以实现可注射组合物的延长吸收。
如本领域众所周知的,可以通过将所需量的活性化合物与所需的一种或多种组合的以上列举的成分结合在适当的溶剂中,然后过滤灭菌,来制备无菌注射溶液。通常,通过将活性化合物掺入无菌载体中来制备分散体,所述无菌载体包含基础分散介质和所需的其他上文列举的成分。在用于制备无菌注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥,从其先前无菌过滤的溶液中产生活性成分和任何其他所需成分的粉末。
在本文描述的任何方法中,本公开的TLR8抑制剂可以足以抑制免疫反应的量施用。如本文所述,免疫反应可以是体液和/或细胞的,并且如本文所述,使用本领域中的标准技术进行测量。在一些方面,本文提供了抑制,减少和/或抑制TLR8依赖性的细胞刺激(例如,表达TLR的细胞中的TLR信号传导)的方法。在一些方面,以有效抑制个体的免疫反应的量施用至少一种TLR抑制剂。
本公开的TLR8抑制剂抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应。本文提供了用于抑制个体中TLR8免疫反应的方法,该方法包括以足以抑制个体中TLR8细胞因子产生的量施用本发明的TLR8抑制剂。TLR8免疫反应可能是先天性免疫反应。TLR8免疫反应可能是适应性免疫反应。
本文所述的组合物可以抑制单核细胞,巨噬细胞,髓样树突细胞,调节性T细胞,B细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的反应。被本文描述的组合物抑制的免疫反应可以包括抑制细胞对细胞因子的产生,例如IL-1beta和/或TNF,抑制细胞成熟和/或抑制细胞增殖。本文所述的组合物可以抑制TLR-8依赖性细胞的反应。
上述组合物和给药方法旨在描述但不限制本文所述的TLR8抑制剂制剂的给药方法。生产各种组合物和装置的方法在本领域技术人员的能力范围内。
联合疗法
本公开的TLR抑制剂可以与一种或多种其他治疗剂组合施用。如本文所述,TLR8抑制剂可以与生理上可接受的载体组合。本文所述的方法可以与构成该疾病的护理标准的其他疗法(例如抗炎剂的施用)组合实践。
本公开的TLR抑制剂可以与皮质类固醇,例如糖皮质类固醇或矿物质皮质类固醇联合施用。皮质类固醇包括,但不限于,皮质酮及其衍生物,前药,异构体及其类似物,可的松及其衍生物,前药,异构体及其类似物(即Cortone),醛固酮及其衍生物,前药,异构体及其类似物,地塞米松及其衍生物,前药,其异构体及其类似物(例如,Decadron),泼尼松及其衍生物,前药,其异构体及其类似物(例如,Prelone),氟可的松及其衍生物,前药,异构体及其类似物,氢化可的松及其衍生物,前药,异构体及其类似物(例如,皮质醇),羟基可的松,倍他米松,布地奈德,甲基泼尼松龙,泼尼松龙,曲安西龙,以及任何这些皮质类固醇的衍生物,前药,异构体和类似物。
本公开的TLR8抑制剂可以与一种或多种另外的治疗剂同时给药,包括但不限于皮质类固醇(同时给药)。TLR8抑制剂可以与另外的治疗剂相继给药,所述另外的治疗剂包括但不限于皮质类固醇(相继给药)。顺序给药可以包括在任何随后的大约一分钟,五分钟,30分钟,一小时,五小时,24小时,48小时或一周内施用TLR8抑制剂或另外的治疗剂。TLR8抑制剂可以通过与其他治疗剂相同的给药途径来给药。TLR8抑制剂可以通过与其他治疗剂不同的给药途径来给药。所述另外的治疗剂可以肠胃外(例如,中心静脉线,动脉内,静脉内,肌内,腹膜内,皮内或皮下注射),口服,胃肠道,局部,鼻咽和肺(例如吸入或鼻内)给药。
TLR8抑制剂与一种或多种其他治疗剂的组合降低了有效量(包括但不限于剂量体积,剂量浓度和/或给药总剂量),并当与单独施用TLR8抑制剂或其他治疗药物时的有效给药量相比时,可达到相同的效果。替代地或另外地,与单独施用的皮质类固醇相比,TLR8抑制剂与皮质类固醇的组合降低了施用的皮质类固醇的有效量。与单独施用另外的治疗剂相比,TLR8抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合可以减少治疗剂的施用频率。替代地或另外地,与单独施用另外的治疗剂相比,TLR8抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合减少了总治疗时间。TLR8抑制剂与另外的治疗剂的组合可以减少与单独施用另外的治疗剂相关的副作用。该另外的治疗剂可以是皮质类固醇。
TLR8抑制剂也可用作疫苗佐剂,可与任何调节体液和/或细胞介导的免疫反应的物质结合使用,例如活病毒,细菌,或寄生虫免疫原;灭活的病毒,肿瘤来源,原生动物,生物来源,真菌,或细菌的免疫原,类毒素,毒素;自身抗原;多糖;蛋白质;糖蛋白;肽;细胞疫苗;DNA疫苗;重组蛋白;糖蛋白;肽;等。在一些方面,包括但不限于TLR8抑制剂和疫苗的组合的组合疗法用于治疗自身免疫性疾病或炎性病症。在一些方面,包括但不限于TLR8抑制剂和疫苗的组合的组合疗法用于治疗传染病。
组合疗法可以包括但不限于本公开的TLR8抑制剂和用于治疗自身免疫疾病或炎性疾病的皮质类固醇的组合。自身免疫疾病可以选自类风湿性关节炎,系统性红斑狼疮,自身免疫性皮肤病,多发性硬化症,胰腺炎,肾小球肾炎,肾盂炎,硬化性胆管炎和I型糖尿病或干燥综合征(Sjogren's疾病)。
试剂盒,小瓶和单位剂型
本文还提供了包含本公开内容的TLR8抑制剂的试剂盒和用于抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应的方法的说明书。
试剂盒可以包括一个或多个容器,该容器包括本公开的TLR8抑制剂(或包含TLR抑制剂的制剂)和一组说明书,通常为书面说明书,但包含说明书的电子存储介质(例如磁盘或光盘)也可以接受,该说明书是关于TLR8抑制剂的用途和剂量或用于预期治疗的制剂(例如,抑制对TLR8激动剂的反应,抑制TLR8依赖性免疫反应,改善自身免疫性疾病的一种或多种症状,改善慢性炎性疾病的症状,减少对病毒反应的细胞因子的产生,和/或治疗和/或预防由TLR8介导的疾病或病症的一种或多种症状)。试剂盒随附的说明通常包括有关预期治疗的剂量,给药时间表和给药途径的信息。TLR8抑制剂(或包含TLR8抑制剂的制剂)的容器可以是单位剂量,散装(例如,多剂量包装)或亚单位剂量。所述试剂盒可进一步包括包含佐剂的容器。
试剂盒的容器可以包括至少一个小瓶,试管,烧瓶,瓶子,注射器或其他容器,可以将组分放置在其中,并且优选地适当地等分。如果试剂盒中包括多个组件,则试剂盒中可能包含可以将其他组件单独放置在其中的第二,第三或其他附加容器。但是,一个小瓶中可以包含各种组分的组合。所述试剂盒通常还会包括用于密闭容纳容器的组件以用于商业销售。
当试剂盒的组分以一种和/或多种液体溶液形式提供时,液体溶液是水溶液,其中无菌水溶液是特别优选的。试剂盒的组分也可以以干粉的形式提供。当试剂和/或组分以干粉形式提供时,可以通过添加合适的溶剂来重构粉末。可以设想,溶剂也可以在另一个容器中提供。
该试剂盒的TLR8抑制剂制剂组分可以包装在任何方便,合适的包装中。例如,如果TLR8抑制剂是冻干制剂,则通常使用具有弹性塞子的小瓶,从而可以通过将流体注入通过弹性塞子而轻易地重构TLR8抑制剂。具有非弹性的,可移除的封闭物(例如,密封玻璃)或弹性塞子的安瓿瓶最方便用于可注射形式的TLR8抑制剂。同样,当试剂盒提供有TLR8抑制剂的液体制剂时,可以使用预填充注射器。该试剂盒可以在适当的包装中包含用于局部制剂的TLR8抑制剂软膏。还考虑了与特定装置,例如吸入器,鼻腔给药装置(例如雾化器),透皮给药装置或输液装置例如微型泵组合使用的包装。
试剂盒可能包括使用试剂盒组件以及试剂盒中未包含的任何其他试剂的使用说明。
还提供了包含本文所述的任何TLR8抑制剂或制剂的小瓶(例如,密封的小瓶)。在一些实施方案中,包含TLR8抑制剂的小瓶与包含治疗剂的小瓶组合。在一些实施方案中,其中小瓶提供在试剂盒中。
还提供了用于治疗和/或预防由TLR8介导的疾病或病症的单位剂型,该剂型包括本文所述的任何TLR8抑制剂或制剂。在一些实施方案中,单位剂型包括TLR抑制剂与治疗剂的单位剂型组合。在一些实施方案中,剂型提供在试剂盒中。
本公开的另一个实施方案涉及使用本公开的任何TLR8抑制剂或本文所述的组合物来制备用于治疗或预防TLR8介导的免疫反应的药物。
本文引用的每个出版物或专利均通过引用全文并入本文。通过参考以下实施方案,将更容易地理解已经概括地描述的本发明,这些实施例仅出于说明本发明的实施方案的某些方面的目的。这些实施例并非旨在限制本公开,因为本领域的技术人员将从以上教导和以下实施例中认识到,其他技术和方法可以满足权利要求,并且可以在不脱离本发明范围的情况下采用它们。
实施例
使用以下方法进行以下实施例1-6中所述的实验:
细胞系:从Invivogen购买了过度表达TLR2,TLR4,TLR7和TLR9的HEKBlue细胞(性别:雌性)的人类胚胎肾脏(HEK)-Blue Nulll(性别:雌性)。通过被慢病毒感染的HEK-BlueNulll细胞产生过表达TLR3,TLR5和TLR8的HEK-Blue细胞。HEK-Blue细胞在含有5%CO2的37℃的潮湿培养箱中生长。在补充了10%胎牛血清(FBS),50U/mL青霉素和50μg/mL链霉素(PenStrep),100mg/mL正常霉素,5μg/mL杀菌素和2mM L-谷氨酰胺的DMEM培养基中培养HEK-Blue TLR细胞。THP-1细胞(性别:男性)购自ATCC(弗吉尼亚州,美国)。THP-1细胞在含5%CO2的37℃的潮湿培养箱中生长。在补充了10%胎FBS,100U/mL青霉素,100μg/mL链霉素(PenStrep),2mM L-谷氨酰胺和0.05mM 2-巯基乙醇的RPMI 1640培养基中培养THP-1细胞。HEKBlue TLR细胞和THP-1细胞无需进一步认证即可使用。定期检查细胞,发现无支原体污染。从带有人类TLR8转基因的TLR7敲除小鼠(性别:雌性)中分离脾脏。PBMC细胞是从匿名捐赠者里收集的。
SEAP报告基因检测:将HEK-Blue TLR8细胞在添加10%FBS(加热灭活的磷酸酶)的DMEM培养基中,以7.5×104细胞/孔的密度接种在经组织培养处理过的96孔板中。然后用R848(1μg/mL)以及各种浓度的适当化合物处理细胞。然后将孔板在含5%CO2的37℃的潮湿培养箱中孵育24小时,然后将30pL的培养基转移到新孔板上,并添加100μL的Quanti-Blue(Invivogen),然后将孔板在37℃下孵育直至颜色改变(30分钟至1小时)。使用Beckman-Coulter DTX 880多模检测器对在620nm处的吸光度读数进行定量。仅将经R848处理的细胞的读数标准化为100%激活,将未处理的细胞标准化为0%激活。每个样品的SEAP检测均进行了三个生物学重复,每个重复三次。
WST-1细胞增殖检测:过表达TLR的HEK-Blue细胞的处理如SEAP检测中所述。孵育24小时后,除去上清液,然后将100μL的1:10稀释的WST-1(Roche)添加到每个孔中。然后将孔板在37℃下孵育直至颜色改变(30分钟至1小时)。使用Beckman-Coulter DTX 880多模检测器对450nm处的吸光度读数进行定量。未处理细胞的读数标准化为100%激活,并将20%DMSO处理的细胞标准化为0%激活。
TLR选择性检测:在过表达各种TLR的HEK-Blue中,使用SEAP报告分子检测测试了样品化合物的选择性。以与上述SEAP检测相同的方式设置孔板。对于HEK-Blue hTLR1/2,hTLR2/6,hTLR3,hTLR4,hTLR5,hTLR7和hTLR9细胞,分别使用Pam3CSK4(100ng/mL),Pam2CSK4(100ng/mL),poly(I:C)(5μg/mL),LPS(脂多糖)(20ng/mL),鞭毛蛋白(50ng/mL),R848(1μg/mL)和ODN2006(0.15μM)作为激动剂细胞,而不是R848。
蛋白质表达,纯化和结晶:制备人类Toll样受体8(hTLR8,残基27-827)的胞外域如先前所述(Tanji等,2013Science 339:1426-29),并在10mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0和150mMNaCl中浓缩至16mg/mL。用于hTLR8和抑制剂共结晶的蛋白质溶液包含hTLR8(7.0mg/mL)和包含10mM Tris-盐酸(Tris-HCl)pH 8.0、150mM NaCl和5%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的结晶缓冲液中的五倍过量的抑制剂。结晶实验是在293K下采用坐滴式气相扩散法进行的。用包含12.5-13.0%PEG 4000、0.2M氯化钙,0.1M Tris-盐酸(Tris-HCl)pH 8.0-8.3和20-25%乙二醇的储库溶液获得hTLR8/CU-CPT晶体。
数据收集和结构确定:衍射数据集是在100K的低温条件下,在光束线,PF BL-5A(茨城县,日本)和SPring-8 BL41XU(兵库县,日本)上收集的。波长设置为使用HKL2000软件包或iMOSFM处理数据集。hTLR8/CU-CPT结构是使用Molrep程序通过分子置换方法确定的,其中未配体的hTLR8/CU-CPT8m结构(PDB ID:5WYX)作为搜索模型。使用COOT程序通过逐步循环的人工建立模型进一步精炼模型,并使用REFMAC约束精炼直到R因子收敛。在精炼的后期循环中,将CU-CPT化合物,N-聚糖和水分子建模到电子密度图中。最终结构的质量已通过PDB验证服务器(wwpdb-validation.wwpdb.org/)进行了验证。在Ramachandran图中对于TLR8/CU-CPT9a的偏爱和允许区域分别为88%和11%,而对于TLR8/CU-CPT9c,则为89%和10%。可使用PyMOL(pymol.org)或CueMol(cuemol.org)准备代表结构的图。坐标和结构因子已存储在蛋白质数据库中,其中PDB为5Z14(TLR8/CU-CPT9a),5WYZ(TLR8/CU-CPT9b)和5Z15(TLR8/CU-CPT9c)。
等温滴定热量法(ITC):使用MicroCal iTC200(GE Healthcare,伊利诺伊州,美国),在298K下,在由25mM MES pH 5.5、0.20M NaCl,和2.5%DMSO组成的缓冲液中进行ITC。滴定顺序包括0.4μL单次注射,然后是18次注射,每次2μL,每次注射之间的间隔为120秒。滴定条件如下:将100μM抑制剂加入10μM hTLR8中;将100μM R848注入10μM hTLR8/50μM抑制剂中。使用OrigineLab软件(GE Healthcare)分析原始ITC数据。
免疫印迹:将THP-1细胞在补充了10%FBS,100U/mL青霉素,100μg/mL链霉素(PenStrep),2mM L-谷氨酰胺和0.05mM 2-巯基乙醇的RPMI 1640培养基中,以2x 106细胞/孔的密度接种在6孔板中。用佛波醇12-肉豆蔻酸酯13-乙酸酯(PMA)(100ng/mL)处理THP-1细胞,并在含5%CO2的37℃潮湿培养箱中孵育24小时。分化后,除去上清液,并用未补充的RPMI代替,然后将这些细胞用R848(1μg/mL)和各种浓度的适当化合物处理。孵育2小时后,收集THP-1细胞,使用NE-PER核和细胞质提取试剂盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific)提取核蛋白级分。然后使用BCA检测确定蛋白质浓度。将蛋白质样品在10%Tris-甘氨酸SDS-PAGE中上样并运行,然后使用电印迹将其转移到硝酸纤维素膜(BioRad)上。然后将P65(CST;8242)(1:1000)用作第一抗体,并用过氧化物酶偶联的AffiniPure山羊抗兔IgG(H+L)抗体(Jackson Immuno Research;111-035-144)(1:10000)作为第二抗体,然后使用ThermoSuperSignal West Pico试剂盒(Thermo Fisher Scientific)观察印迹。核纤层蛋白A/C(CST;2032)用作核级分的内部对照。
对原代人淋巴细胞的活性:从斯坦福血液中心获得人类供体的血沉棕黄层,并使用Ficoll-Paque分离淋巴细胞。为了评估针对TLR2,4和5的拮抗剂活性,使用了整个PBMC群体。为了评估针对TLR7,8和9的拮抗剂活性,使用QuadroMACS分离器系统(Miltenyi)分离特定的淋巴细胞亚群,并使用CD19或CD 14微珠分别分离了B细胞(用于TLR7和9)和单核细胞(用于TLR8)。将细胞与一系列稀释的化合物和恒定量的激动剂一起孵育。每个TLR使用以下激动剂:Pam2CSK4(0.35mg/mL)用于TLR2,脂多糖(0.35mg/mL)用于TLR4,鞭毛蛋白(0.75mg/mL)用于TLR5,R848(1mg/mL)用于TLR7,RNA寡核苷酸ORN8L(100mg/mL)用于TLR8,而含CpG的硫代磷酸酯DNA寡核苷酸1018(1mM)用于TLR9。24至48小时后,收集培养的上清液并分析表明TLR活性的细胞因子产生(来自PBMC和B细胞的IL-6,来自单核细胞的TNF-alpha)。每个活性曲线是来自三个单独供体的平均值。
对原代小鼠脾细胞的活性:为了评估TLR8和TLR9活性,从带有人类TLR8转基因(hTLR8tg/TLR7-KO)的TLR7敲除小鼠中分离出脾脏。通过细胞过滤器解离并用裂解缓冲液去除红细胞来制备脾细胞。用一系列稀释的化合物和恒定量的TLR8激动剂(RNA寡核苷酸ORN8L)或TLR9激动剂(含CpG的硫代磷酸酯DNA寡核苷酸1018)孵育脾细胞。48小时后,收集培养的上清液并分析IL-12p40的产生。曲线代表单个脾脏的活动。
量化和统计分析:统计差异使用单因素方差分析和Bonferroni后测进行多次比较。所有统计分析均使用适用于Mac和OriginPro的6.0版GraphPad Prism进行,P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
实施例1:鉴定有效的和选择性的TLR8抑制剂
为了建立针对TLR8抑制剂的稳健的高通量测定,本发明人首先设计了稳定地过表达人类TLR8的细胞系,其激活可以通过分泌性胚胎碱性磷酸酶(SEAP)测定法报告。通过慢病毒感染具有基础表达空或低的内源性TLR基因的HEK-Blue Nulll细胞来制备TLR8过表达的HEK-Blue细胞。使用共聚焦显微镜证实了人类TLR8的过表达和内体定位。可以通过测量SEAP活性来评估TLR8介导的NF-kB激活。使用先前建立的NF-kB抑制剂,雷公藤甲素(图1),作为阳性对照,测定到的Z'因子为0.68(图2),证明该测定对高通量筛选(HTS)是可靠的。
接下来,本发明人筛选了包含各种药物样化合物的具有14,400成员的商业文库(Maybridge HitFinderVI 1),这导致了72种化合物被鉴定为“选定”,在4μM时抑制TLR8信号传导>85%。下表显示了小分子筛选数据:
在100μM的细胞毒性测试进一步将这些初始选定的范围缩小至13个。最终选择了4种化合物(SB1723,SEW04865,BTB08278和BTB08295),因为它们已被证明是比其他同源TLR更具特异性的TLR8信号抑制剂。有趣的是,这四种化合物具有两个不同的化学支架:SB1723和SEW04865都共享7-苯基吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(7-phenylpyrazolo[l,5-α]pyrimidine)骨架,而BTB08278和BTB08295都包含4-苯基-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(4-(phenyl-1-(2H)-phthalazinone)核心结构。
为了获得更有效的TLR8小分子探针,本发明人开发了用于优化的7-苯基吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(7-phenylpyrazolo[l,5-α]pyrimidine)支架的简明合成路线(图3)。SAR研究导致化合物6b(后称实验室名称CU-CPT8m)的识别,其IC50为67±10nM,细胞毒性可忽略不计(图4A)。下表提供了吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(pyrazolo[l,5-α]pyrimidine)衍生物在HEK-BluehTLR8细胞中的抑制活性的代表性结构-活性关系(SAR)结果:
a从至少三个生物学重复中确定IC50值和相应的标准偏差。
对于这种吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(pyrazolo[l,5-α]pryrimidine)系列化合物,首先评估酯类似物。与相应的酰胺(6a,6b)相比,乙酯类似物(3a,3b)的效力稍差。羧酸衍生物(4a,4b)对TLR8信号转导没有任何抑制活性(最多20μM)。因此,在其他生物学评估中将4a用作阴性对照。还研究了7-苯基的邻位,间位和对位的不同取代基对TLR8抑制的影响:在苯环的间位置带有取代基的类似物比带有对位或邻位取代的类似物具有更高的效力。在苯环的间位带有三氟甲基取代基的化合物6a显示出比6c高出2倍的效力,并且比6d显示出高出10倍的效力。然而,在5-位(6i)引入第二个三氟甲基并没有改变6a的活性。用吡啶基(81)取代6e的苯环会导致效力显著降低(IC50760 nM至大于20μM)。合成并测试了在间位取代三氟甲基的各种取代基。具有与三氟甲基类似的不同吸电子性质的取代基(如硝基(8f),氯(6h)和氟(6g))导致化合物的效力较低。在邻位(6j)和间位(6k)上均存在甲氧基会减弱活性。有趣的是,在间位(8m)引入甲基显示出比选定化合物6a(IC50:130nM)强2倍的抑制活性(IC50:67nM)。还观察到用乙基(6m)取代三氟甲基导致了相当的抑制活性。此外,在酰胺氮上引入烷基取代导致活性显著降低。仲酰胺类似物(6n)的效能降低了25倍,而叔酰胺类似物(60)甚至在20μM时也没有明显的活性。总而言之,这些结果表明吡唑并[1,5-α]嘧啶(pyrazolo[l,5-α]pryrimidine)衍生物呈现出一致的SAR。发现化合物8m(“CU-CPT8m”)是最具活性的化合物,其IC50为67±10nM。
等温滴定量热法(ITC)证实了CU-CPT8m与人类TLR8胞外域的直接结合。CU-CPT8m的解离常数(Kd)值确定为220nM(图4C),与先前建立的有效的非选择性TLR7/8激活剂R848的解离常数(Kd=200nM)相当。
鉴于TLR家族蛋白是同源膜受体,因此在TLR之间实现高度的选择性具有挑战性。为了确定CU-CPT8m是否选择性抑制TLR8信号传导,发明人针对所有人类TLR测试了CU-CPT8m。在1μM浓度下,CU-CPT8m在过表达每个单独TLR的HEK-Blue细胞中未显示除TLR8以外的任何TLR的显著抑制作用(图4B)。这些过表达TLR的HEK细胞(TLR 1/2/6,TLR3,TLR4,TLR5,TLR7和TLR9 HEK-Blue)呈现不同的胞外域,但共享共同的下游效应子。CU-CPT8m仅减少了TLR8过表达细胞中的促炎反应,这一事实强烈支持CU-CPT8m直接识别细胞中的TLR8。特别值得注意的是,TLR7信号传导在浓度高达75μM的情况下不受影响(图5)。TLR7和TLR8密切相关并且共享许多常见的配体(例如R848)。CU-CPT8m区分TLR8和TLR7的能力是文献中首次报道,并且暗示一种新型分子识别机制参与了CU-CPT8m抑制TLR8的过程。
实施例2:CU-CPT8m抑制TLR8介导的炎性细胞因子产生
R848诱导的TLR8激活导致促炎细胞因子(例如TNF-α,IL-6和IL-8)产生的增加。接下来,发明人研究了CU-CPT8m在各种细胞系中的抑制作用。首先,通过实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)研究了CU-CPT8m对促炎细胞因子mRNA水平的抑制作用。如图4D所示,处理1μM CU-CPT8m完全消除了R848诱导的TNF-a和IL-8mRNA水平的升高。相比之下,非活性类似物4a的抑制作用可忽略不计。
发明人然后表明CU-CPT8m显著抑制了各种细胞因子的蛋白质水平。R848处理导致TNF-α产生显著升高,在24小时后达到最大值的大约10倍。图4E证明CU-CPT8m以剂量依赖性方式抑制分化的THP-1单核细胞中R848诱导的TNF-α产生,其IC50值为90±10nM,这与在HEK-Blue TLR8细胞中测定的IC50值非常吻合。阴性对照化合物4a在10μM未显示出明显的抑制作用。
在鉴定出培养的细胞系中TLR8的有效抑制剂和选择性抑制剂后,我们研究了CU-CPT8m是否可以调节人类原代细胞中的TLR8。外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)包括表达各种TLR的淋巴细胞(T细胞,B细胞和NK细胞),单核细胞和树突细胞。TLR7和TLR8均在B细胞和单核细胞上表达,而DC浆细胞样(DCps)仅表达TLR7,而未成熟的DC(DC11c+)仅表达TLR8。用R848处理的PBMC诱导了TNF-α的分泌,其被CU-CPT8m呈剂量依赖性(图4F)的逆转,但未被化合物4a逆转。值得注意的是,TNF-α水平并未被CU-CPT8m降低至基线,大概是因为TLR7和TLR8均被R848激活了。
实施例3:CU-CPT8m-TLR8复合物的高分辨率晶体结构
之前,已经为TLR7和TLR8确定了两个配体结合位点。在TLR8中,位点1是RNA降解尿苷和三环咪唑并喹啉配体(例如R848和CL097)的结合位点,而位点2是由二核苷酸UG结合的(Cheng,K.,et al.J.Am.Chem.Soc.133:3764-67(2011);Hennessy,E.J.,et al.,Nat.Rev.Drug Discov.9:293-307(2010))。发明人确定了TLR8/CU-CPT8m复合物的高分辨率X射线晶体结构。有趣的是,晶体结构表明CU-CPT8m夹在两个启动子之间(TLR8和TLR8*,在整个本公开中,星号用于表示第二个TLR8及其残基),并被容纳在TLR8和TLR8*的蛋白质-蛋白质界面的疏水性口袋中。该袋仅在静止状态下在预成型的二聚体中形成,并且在未配体形式中由数个水分子部分填充。CU-CPT8m与TLR8形成了几种相互作用;与疏水残基(F261,F346,V378,I403,F405,F494*,A518*,V520*和Y567*)的范德华相互作用,与Y348和F495*的π-π堆积以及与G351和V520*的氢键作用(图6)。CU-CPT8m结合后,诱导富含亮氨酸的重复(LRR)8(F261和N262)和LRR18(Y567*)的环区域发生大的构象变化,从而与CU-CPT8m相互作用,而其他区域没有明显变化。注意,TLR8利用LRR1-13在界面的一侧进行激动剂和拮抗剂结合,而在另一侧上,LRR17*-18*和LRR15*-16*分别用于激动剂和拮抗剂结合。因此,这个新的结合位点与先前确定为用于激动剂的位点1接近但又不同,这意味着对化合物CU-CPT8m具有独特的抑制机制。另外,TLR7和TLR8的拮抗结合位点的叠加揭示了结构差异,这可以解释为什么CU-CPT8m的抑制活性特异性地靶向TLR8而不靶向TLR7。
在配体诱导的激活下,TLR8的胞外域发生构象变化,从而导致其C末端的分离减少。TLR8二聚体的两个启动子的C末端之间的距离分别为TLR8/CU-CPT8m中和非配体TLR8二聚体(PDB ID:3W3G)中这些值明显大于与激动剂结合的活化二聚体(TLR8/R848,PDB ID:3W3N)的值,其中所述两个C末端更靠近以允许细胞内结构域的二聚化和下游信号传导。总而言之,这些数据表明CU-CPT8m识别了TLR8-TLR8*界面上一个新颖的结合位点,与位点1不同,其占领阻止了TLR8的激活。
实施例4:抑制剂通过识别独特的结合位点使TLR8稳定在静止状态
尽管对TLR8具有效力和选择性,结合口袋中仍存在未利用的残基(例如S516和Q519)表明有可能进一步优化CU-CPT8m的结合亲和力。因此,我们开始了对4-苯基-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(4-phenyl-l-(2H)-phthalazinone)的另一种SAR研究,这是从HTS中识别出的第二种不同的支架,作为另一种种子结构。结构上的优化导致了两个新的,近似pM的TLR8抑制剂,其在结构上类似于CU-CPT8m:CU-CPT9a(IC50=0.5±0.1nM)和CU-CPT9b(IC50=0.7±0.2nM)。喹啉衍生物在HEK-Blue hTLR8细胞中的抑制活性的代表性结构-活性关系(SAR)结果如下:
a从至少三个生物学重复中确定IC50值和相应的标准偏差。
用喹啉基序取代酞嗪酮可大大提高抑制剂的效力。喹啉基序中的氮原子在与TLR8结合中可能起关键作用,因为其去除会大大降低效力(11c vs l1d)。在7位上的甲氧基(11a)或羟基(l1b)取代也显示出抑制效力的显著提高。
因为SAR从不同的种子开始会导致相似的支架,这表明这种支架几乎是最佳的。因此,ITC实验证实了CU-CPT9b的Kd为21nM的强结合。这些化合物在阻断由R848或ssRNA(图7A-7D)诱导的TLR8激活中表现出优异的效力,在野生型HEK 293细胞或表达其他TLR的HEK-Blue 293细胞中作用可忽略不计。
接下来,发明人对CU-CPT9a进行了目标验证。在存在或不存在CU-CPT9a的情况下,在用R848处理的细胞中使用免疫印迹分析确定下游蛋白水平(图8A和8B)。在THP-1和HEK-Blue TLR8细胞中,均在TLR8下游的NF-κB的p65成分,磷酸化的IRAK-4(p-IRAK4)和TRAF3在R848处理后均升高(数据未显示)。R848诱导的下游蛋白水平的这种升高可以被CU-CPT9a以剂量依赖的方式逆转。相比之下,TRIF和IRF3(胞质和核)的表达仅对TLR4和TLR3响应,而与TLR8无关。TRIF和IRF3的表达水平在R848处理后的THP-1细胞中没有显示出显著变化,也没有在CU-CPT9a处理下有变化。综上所述,这些免疫印迹分析表明,CU-CPT9a在细胞中的抑制作用是通过TLR8特异性发生的。
为了进一步探索抑制的分子机制,发明人获得了TLR8/CU-CPT9b复合物的晶体结构,其显示CU-CPT9b以与CU-CPT8m相似的方式结合至无活性的TLR8二聚体。CU-CPT9b与G351和V520*进行氢键作用,它们在TLR8/拮抗剂结构中是保守的(图9A和9B)。此外,CU-CPT9b与S516*和Q519*形成了水介导的接触,这在TLR8/CU-CPT8m结构中未观察到,这表明CU-CPT9b的增强效力来自与这些极性残基的新相互作用。与TLR8/CU-CPT8m相比,Y567*的方向也发生了变化,以促进与CU-CPT9b的范德华相互作用。
进行使用稀释的TLR8蛋白的凝胶过滤色谱法,其中TLR8作为单体存在,以确定在不存在和存在不同配体的情况下TLR8的二聚化状态(图10A和10B)。已显示带有R848或CU-CPT9b的TLR8可以以较小的保留体积洗脱,表明这些配体以剂量依赖的方式与TLR8结合并稳定了溶液中的TLR8二聚体。此外,ITC证实,这些CU-CPT衍生物的结合阻止了进一步的激动剂结合。
CU-CPT8m,CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b的集体证据表明,这一类新型抑制剂在与其他已知小分子激动剂(例如尿苷,R848)不同的位点与TLR8结合。因此,发明人提出了这些TLR8抑制剂的以下机制:通过激动剂结合(例如R848,具有ssRNA的尿苷),使两个TLR8启动子更接近以启动下游信号传导。拮抗剂在新的独特位点处的结合将TLR8二聚体稳定在静止状态,从而防止TLR8激活。
实施例5:小分子TLR8抑制剂为治疗发展提供了线索
尽管先前的证据表明TLR8在自身免疫性疾病中起重要作用,但通过抑制TLR8靶向这些疾病的可行性尚未得到明确确立。在鉴定出高效和选择性的TLR8抑制剂之后,发明人旨在使用更具病理学意义的系统来验证其治疗潜力。但是由于TLR8在小鼠或大鼠中均不起作用,因此缺乏合适的啮齿动物模型。因此,本公开的TLR8抑制剂在从患有骨关节炎(OA),类风湿性关节炎(RA)和成人发作-斯蒂尔氏病(AOSD)的患者中获得的人类样品中进行了测试。众所周知,在软骨的慢性关节发炎过程中,TNF-α和IL-1β是重要的细胞因子。因此,从因严重OA而接受关节置换手术的患者的滑膜组织中分离出滑膜细胞。先前的研究表明,这些表达TLR7和TLR8的病理组织具有各种细胞因子的增加产生,导致广泛的关节破坏和功能下降。CU-CPT8m在抑制从滑膜培养物中自发释放TNF-α和IL-1β(图11A和11B)方面表现出显著的抑制作用,直至100μM几乎没有细胞毒性(图12)。同时,我们还测试了CU-CPT8m和CU-CPT9a是否能够降低4例类风湿性关节炎(RA)和1例成人发作-斯蒂尔氏病(AOSD)患者的PMBC的细胞因子升高,AOSD是一种罕见系统性疾病,其特征为经典的三合一:持续高峰值发热,关节痛和独特的鲑鱼色颠簸性皮疹。CU-CPT8m和CU-CPT9a均以剂量依赖性方式显著抑制TNF-α水平(图11B,13),这与TLR8参与这些自身免疫疾病的先前报道一致。阴性对照化合物4a直到80μM都没有显示出明显的抑制作用(图14)。尽管这些抑制剂对细胞因子产生的抑制作用不一定表明TLR8在这些疾病的发病机制中起作用,但我们的研究结果提示了一种新的潜在的缓解患者症状的治疗开发策略。
实施例6:非常有效的TLR8抑制剂的基于结构的合理设计
发明人着手通过安装新功能来优化TLR8抑制剂,旨在进一步利用与TLR8二聚体界面上新近确定的结合位点处的残基的其他相互作用。开发了多种合成路线以制备结构上可比的化学支架(图19A,19B)。合成了100多种不同的化合物以证明一致的结构活性关系。特别地,为了利用与G351的氢键作用,合成了各种杂环。喹啉核心产生了最有效的抑制剂,如图15A和下表所示:
结构-活性关系结果为1(2H)-酞嗪酮(l(2H)-phthalazinone)和喹啉衍生物在HEK-Blue hTLR8细胞中的抑制活性。
*由于细胞毒性而无计算的IC50。
以类似的方式,使用安装在7位上的取代基来建立与V520*和Q519*的相互作用。接下来,在12位上引入羟基,通过潜在的H键探索与S516*的其他接触。这些修饰产生具有亚纳摩尔IC50值的几种极有效的化合物(图15A)(化合物CU-CPT9a-9c,IC50分别为0.5±01nM,0.7±0.2nM和1.0±0.2nM)。鉴于CU-CPT8m的结合主要是由大小和形状的互补性驱动的,因此喹啉和酚骨架上的较大替代物大多会削弱其抑制作用。然而,CU-CPT8m识别的疏水性口袋底部的相对开放空间表明,可以进行其他分子间接触。因此,施加了在12位上的长链取代基的安装,这产生了几种极有效的抑制剂(图15A)。特别是,化合物CU-CPT9d和9f的IC50值分别为0.1±0.02nM和0.8±0.2nM。这种增加的抑制作用表明可能与TLR8发生的其他疏水相互作用。
在阻断由其合成激动剂R848诱导的TLR8信号转导中,鉴定出总共六个具有低至0.1±0.02nM的IC50值的近似pM的抑制剂(命名为CU-CPT9a-9f)(图15A,15B)。而且,它们还显示出对单链RNA(TLR8的天然配体)的类似抑制作用(图7C,7D)。等温滴定热法(ITC)证实CU-CPT9b与人类TLR8胞外域之间的直接结合,解离常数(Kd)为21nM。作为比较,TLR8和R848之间的Kd被确定为200nM,突出了CU-CPT9b的优越亲和力。ITC结果还表明,CU-CPT9衍生物的结合阻止了R848的进一步结合,从而支持了靶向变构竞争结合位点的设计。作为TLR8信号传导的关键下游靶标的NF-κB,该NF-κB的下调进一步证实了CU-CPTs的抗炎作用。CU-CPT9a在浓度为500nM时显示出明显的核N-κΒ减少。最终,所有这些化合物均显示出最小的细胞毒性,表明进一步治疗发展的潜在潜力(图8A,8B)。
开发TLR抑制剂的主要挑战是在高度相似的TLR家族蛋白之间实现选择性。对于TLR7和TLR8尤其如此,因为它们都识别单链RNA以及非选择性小分子激动剂(例如R848)。使用分别过表达每个人类TLR的HEK-Blue细胞测试了化合物CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b的特异性。相对于其他TLR,CU-CPT9a和CU-CPT9b显示出对TLR8的良好选择性(图16A)。尤其是,TLR7在低于约微摩尔浓度的范围内没有受到影响,显示出超过10,000倍的选择性差异。还使用PBMCs及其表达多个TLR的子集测试了CU-CPT9s对人类TLRs的特异性。在这些细胞中,CU-CPT9s特异性抑制由TLR8诱导的细胞因子产生,而不是由TLR2、4、5、7或9诱导(图16B)。
为了验证我们基于结构的设计和这些化合物的作用机理,发明人使用X射线晶体学成功地解决了TLR8/CU-CPT复合物,TLR8/CU-CPT9a和TLR8/9c(图17)的两种结构。与先前报道的TLR8/CU-CPT9b的结构一致(图17),所有CU-CPT9系列化合物均识别两个TLR8启动子之间由CU-CPT8m标识的变构口袋,从而使二聚体稳定在静止状态(图17,顶部)。该疏水性口袋仅在预制的TLR8二聚体的静止状态下存在,内部填充有数个水分子。所有CU-CPT9化合物均显示相似的结合模式:与Y348和F495*的π-π堆积,与疏水残基(F261,F346,V378,I403,F405,F494*,A518*,V520*和Y567*)的范德华相互作用,与G351和V520*的H键作用。同样,CU-CPT9化合物与S516*形成了水介导的氢键作用,尽管由于其较低的晶体学分辨率,在TLR8/CU-CPT9a和9c复合物中仅观察到了与水分子相对应的弱电子密度。在TLR8/CU-CPT9b中也形成了与Q519*的水介导的H键作用,但由于7-甲氧基基团和氯原子的阻碍在TLR8/CU-CPT9a/9c中没有形成。共晶体结构的结果符合我们的SAR研究并证实了我们的合理设计:喹啉基序显示出对与Y348及F495*的π-π堆积以及与G351的H键作用的最佳抑制作用;7位取代基由于与V520*及Q519*的氢键作用而增强了抑制作用;12-羟基基团与水介导的与S516*的H键作用有关(图17,中间和底部)。
TLR8是自身免疫性疾病的潜在治疗靶标。尽管先前的工作证明了TLR7和TLR9在小鼠模型(Lau,et al.(2005)J.Exp.Med.202,1171-77;Leadbetter,et al.,(2002)Nature416,603-07)的自身免疫中的作用,不可能对TLR8进行类似的评估,因为鼠类TLR8被认为是无功能的(Jurk,et al,(2002)Nat.Immunol.3,499)。因此,在从TLR7敲除背景(hTLR8tg/TLR7-KO)中携带人类TLR8转基因的小鼠中分离的脾细胞上测试了CU-CPT9化合物。小鼠脾细胞的结果与人细胞的结果一致,当使用ORN8L(100ug/mL)和1018(7.1ug/mL)分别作为TLR8和TLR9激动剂(图18A,18B)时,CU-CPT9化合物显示出对人类TLR8转基因的拮抗活性,而对小鼠TLR9无活性。
通用化学方法
NMR光谱是在Broker 400光谱仪上采集的,对1H和13C分别在400MHz和101MHz下运行。使用残留的CHCl3,DMSO和CH30H作为内标,在CHCl3-d,(CH3)2SO-d6和CH3OH-d4中,400MHz下记录1H NMR光谱。使用残留的CHCl3,DMSO和CH30H作为内标,在CHCl3-d,(CH3)2SO-d6和CH3OH-d4中,101MHz下记录13C NMR光谱。在Merck KieselgelF254板上执行薄层色谱,用所示的溶剂洗脱,通过254nm UV灯观察。使用快速色谱法(硅胶230-400目,Sorbent Tech.)纯化化合物。质谱分析是在科罗拉多大学博尔德分校化学系的质谱分析设备上使用双聚焦高分辨率质谱仪进行的。除非另有说明,否则使用分析级溶剂和市售试剂,无需进一步纯化。使用UV检测器在254nm下通过HPLC(Agilent Technologies 1200系列)评估测试化合物的纯度。
合成
l-溴-4-甲氧基萘(96)(l-Bromo-4-methoxynaphthalene(96))
向4-溴-1-萘酚(223mg,1.00mmol)的二恶烷溶液中,加入氢化钠(72mg,3.00mmol),然后加入甲基碘(75uL,1.20mmol),将反应混合物回流过夜。加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(211mg,89%)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.27(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),8.20-8.13(m,1H),7.66(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.64-7.58(m,1H),7.56-7.50(m,1H),6.69(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.00(s,3H)。
2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(97)(2-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenol(97))
通用方法A:在无水条件和氮气气氛下,将乙酸钾(2.94g,30.0mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(bis-(pinacolato)-diboron)(3.05g,12.0mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)(bis(diphenylphosphine)ferrocene dichloropalladium(II))与二氯甲烷(0.36g,0.5mmol)的复合物添加到4-溴-2-甲基苯酚(1.87g,10.0mmol)的无水二恶烷(180mL)溶液中。将混合物在90℃下搅拌过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(1.75g,75%)的标题化合物(12)。ESI-MS m/z:235.1508[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.60(s,1H),7.55(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.97(s,1H),2.25(s,3H),1.33(s,12H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ156.77,138.04,134.46,123.20,114.56,83.71,24.99,15.56。
1-甲氧基-4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-萘(1)(l-Methoxy-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-naphthalene(1))
通用方法B:将1-溴-4-甲氧基萘(l-bromo-4-methoxynaphthalene)(166mg,0.70mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-phenol)(164mg,0.70mmol),K2CO3(290mg,2.10mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)([1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichloride)(29mg,0.04mmol)的混合物在二恶烷(10mL)和H2O(2mL)中在氮气气氛下在100℃加热过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为浅黄色固体(143mg,产率77%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:263.1075[M-H]-;纯度:93.6%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.35-8.28(m,1H),7.91-7.84(m,1H),7.52-7.40(m,2H),7.30(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.25-7.21(m,1H),7.18(dd,J=8.0,2.2Hz,1H),6.87(t,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.04(s,3H),2.33(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.82,153.02,133.56,132.98,132.84,132.58,129.03,126.82,126.50,126.02,125.81,125.16,123.58,122.27,114.83,103.56,55.71,15.99。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1-萘酚(2)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-l-naphthol(2))
将化合物1(120mg,0.51mmol)在无水二氯甲烷(7mL)中的溶液冷却至-78℃,并用1M BBr3在二氯甲烷(0.80mL,0.80mmol)中的溶液逐滴处理,将所得溶液在相同温度下搅拌5分钟,在0℃下搅拌1h。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到浅黄色化合物(87mg,68%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:273.0896[M+Na]+。纯度:82.7%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.10(s,1H),9.35(s,1H),8.24-8.12(m,1H),7.82-7.72(m,1H),7.48-7.35(m,2H),7.15(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.12-7.07(m,1H),7.02(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),6.88(dd,J=7.9,6.6Hz,2H),2.18(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ154.38,152.16,132.23,132.08,130.96,130.60,128.10,126.99,126.05,125.32,124.62,124.29,123.63,122.26,114.42,107.64,16.08。
1-氨基-4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-萘(3)(l-Amino-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-naphthalene(3))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-1-萘胺(4-bromo-l-naphthylamine)(45mg,0.20mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(83mg,0.60mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(9mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(37mg,74%产率)。ESI-MS m/z 248.1083[M-H]—;纯度:99.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.96-7.81(m,2H),7.44(dddd,J=22.8,8.2,6.7,1.4Hz,2H),7.23-7.20(m,2H),7.17(ddd,J=8.1,2.2,0.6Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.32(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ152.89,141.43,133.90,133.06,132.68,131.44,129.10,127.44,126.95,125.96,124.88,123.93,123.53,121.15,114.80,109.60,15.99。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-2-甲基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(4)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-l(2H)-Phthalazinone(4))
通用方法C:向邻苯二甲酸酐(222mg,1.50mmol)的二氯乙烷(10mL)溶液中加入反应物2,6-二甲基苯甲醚(122mg,1.00mmol)。将该溶液在冰浴中冷却。分批加入氯化铝(400mg,3.00mmol)。10分钟后移去冰浴,并在1小时内升温至室温。将反应混合物回流过夜(16h),冷却至室温,并小心地倒入冰/l NHCl(500mL)的搅拌溶液中。分离有机层,并用EA(250mLx 3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,再溶解于EtOH(15mL)中。加入甲基肼(157μL,3.00mmol),将混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为白色固体(186mg,66%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:281.1298[M+H]+;纯度:90.5%。1NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(s,1H),8.40-8.28(m,1H),7.94-7.82(m,2H),7.82-7.70(m,1H),7.14(s,2H),3.75(s,3H),2.24(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.17,154.10,146.27,133.21,131.63,129.29,128.90,127.37,126.91,126.20,125.48,124.27,48.61,16.67。
4-苯基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(5)(4-Phenyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(5))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(347mg,2.36mmol)在二氯乙烷(10mL),苯(188mg,2.41mmol),氯化铝(640mg,4.80mmol)和一水合肼(250μL,5.22mmol)中。获得为白色固体的产物(376mg,72%)。纯度:95.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.49(s,1H),8.62-8.45(m,1H),7.86-7.69(m,3H),7.62-7.57(m,2H),7.56-7.50(m,3H)。
2-甲基-4-苯基-1(2H-酞嗪酮)(6)(2-Methyl-4-phenyl-l(2H-Phthalazinone(6))
向5(22mg,0.1mmol)的DMF溶液中加入碳酸钾(28mg,0.2mmol)和甲基碘(19uL,0.3mmol)。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,并用乙酸乙酯(50m×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(12mg,51%)的标题化合物。纯度:98.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.54(ddd,J=7.8,1.5,0.8Hz,1H),7.85-7.70(m,3H),7.63-7.47(m,5H),3.93(s,3H)。
4-(2,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(7)(4-(2,5-Dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-Phthalazinone(7))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(500mg,3.38mmol),对二甲苯(358mg,3.37mmol),氯化铝(846mg,6.45mmol)和一水合肼(750μL,15.65mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(540mg,64%)。ESI-MS m/z:251.1185[M+H]+;纯度:93.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.80(s,1H),8.36-8.28(m,1H),7.91-7.81(m,2H),7.30-7.18(m,3H),7.15-7.10(s,1H),2.32(s,3H),2.01(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.35,146.65,134.95,134.30,133.72,133.28,131.65,130.26,130.18,129.66,129.62,127.67,126.38,125.94,20.45,18.84。
2,3-二氢-1,4-酞嗪(98)(2,3-Dihydro-l,4-phthalazine(98))
向邻苯二甲酸酐(500mg,3.38mmol)的乙酸(5mL)溶液中加入一水合肼(200μL,4.17mmol),将混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温。将该反应混合物用水稀释,滤出加入物,用水和DCM洗涤,然后真空干燥,得到白色固体(376mg,69%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.55(s,2H),8.25-7.99(m,2H),7.88(m,2H)。
1,4-二氯酞嗪(99)(1,4-Dichlorophthalazine(99))
将化合物98(100mg,0.51mmol)在POCl3中回流过夜,然后倒入冰中,中和,过滤,通过将空气通入干燥浅黄色固体(112mg,84%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.38-8.34(m,2H),8.15-8.09(m,2H)。
4-氯-1-羟基酞嗪(100)(4-Chloro-l-hydroxyphthalazine(100))
将化合物99(100mg,0.55mmol)溶解在10ml二恶烷和4ml 1M NaOH溶液中。将反应混合物在50℃下搅拌2h。滤出沉淀物,通过通入空气干燥以产生白色固体(82mg,90%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.88(s,1H),8.28(ddd,J=7.8,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),8.08-7.94(m,3H)。
4-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(8)(4-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(8))
通用程序B:4-氯-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(4-chloro-l(2H)-phthalazinone)(200mg,1.11mmol),3,5-二甲基苯基硼酸(166mg,1.11mmol),Na2CO3(350mg,3.30mmol)和1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(62mg,0.05mmol)的混合物在二恶烷(10mL)和H2O(2mL)中在氮气气氛下于100℃加热过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为白色固体(182mg,66%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:251.1190[M+H]+;纯度:96.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.81(s,1H),8.43-8.27(m,1H),7.97-7.82(m,2H),7.73-7.64(m,1H),7.17(s,3H),2.36(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.22,146.59,137.65,134.96,133.57,131.56,130.27,129.05,127.85,126.99,126.66,126.03,20.90。
4-(4-甲氧苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(9)(4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(9))
应用通用程序C,向邻苯二甲酸酐(95mg,0.64mmol)的二氯乙烷(10mL)溶液中加入甲氧基苯(50mg,0.46mmol)。将该溶液在冰浴中冷却。分批加入氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)。10分钟后移去冰浴,并在1小时内升温至室温。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,并小心地倒入冰/1N HCl(150mL)的搅拌溶液中。分离有机层,并用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,再溶解于EtOH(15mL)中。加入一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol),将混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为白色固体(102mg,63%)的标题化合物。纯度:99.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.79(s,1H),8.36-8.30(m,1H),7.95-7.82(m,2H),7.73-7.66(m,1H),7.58-7.48(m,2H),7.14-7.06(m,2H),3.84(s,3H)。
4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(10)(4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(10))
向9(22mg,0.1mmol)的DMF溶液中加入碳酸钾(28mg,0.2mmol)和甲基碘(19uL,0.3mmol)。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,并用乙酸乙酯(50m mL×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(12mg,51%)的标题化合物。纯度:97.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.41-8.28(m,1H),7.91-7.88(m,2H),7.75-7.69(m,1H),7.58-7.52(m,2H),7.14-7.09(m,2H),3.85(s,3H),3.77(s,3H)。
4-(4-甲氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-萘嗪酮(11)(4-(4-Methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone(11))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(100mg,0.68mmol),2,6-二甲基苯甲醚(96mg,0.70mmol),氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)和一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol)。获得的产物为浅黄色固体(128mg,67%)。ESI-MS m/z:281.1296[M+H]+;纯度:93.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.79(s,1H),8.37-8.29(m,1H),7.95-7.84(m,2H),7.75-7.67(m,1H),7.24(s,2H),3.73(s,3H),2.30(s,6H)。13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.21,157.15,146.23,133.57,131.53,130.58,130.45,129.70,129.07,127.85,126.73,126.03,59.38,15.88。
4-(4-三氟甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(12)(4-(4-Trifluoromethoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(12))
向4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone)(100mg 0.40mmol)的THF溶液中加入吡啶(96ul,0.50mmol)和三氟甲磺酸酐(80μL,0.48mmol)。将该反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(66mg,52%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:319.0695[M-H]—;纯度:99.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.95(s,1H),8.38-8.32(m,1H),7.97-7.88(m,2H),7.76-7.72(m,1H),7.71-7.65(m,1H),7.64-7.60(m,1H),7.57(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),2.43(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.71,148.75,145.38,136.06,134.30,133.81,132.31,131.23,129.76,129.15,128.28,126.87,126.62,121.98,117.01,16.28。
2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯甲酸(101)(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid(101))
在无水条件和氮气氛下,将乙酸钾(385mg,3.9mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(165mg,0.65mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(16mg,0.02mmol)的复合物加入到4-溴-2,6-二甲基苯甲酸(4-bromo-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid)(100mg,0.44mmol)的二恶烷(180mL)的无水溶液中。将混合物在90℃下搅拌过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(70mg,57%)的标题化合物。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.63-7.47(s,2H),2.48-2.40(s,6H),1.35(s,12H)。
4-(4-羧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(13)(4-(4-Carboxylic-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(13))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(200mg,1.11mmol),3,5-二甲基苯基硼酸(3,5-Dimethylphenylboronic acid)(166mg,1.11mmol),Na2CO3(350mg,3.30mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(62mg,0.05mmol)在二恶烷(10mL)和H2O(2mL)中,得到浅黄色固体(164mg,50%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:295.1089[M+H]+;纯度:99.7%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.80(s,1H),8.33(dd,J=7.3,1.9Hz,1H),7.89(tt,J=7.5,5.6Hz,2H),7.76-7.68(m,1H),7.15(s,2H),2.32(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.23,146.54,142.39,141.22,133.58,132.89,132.63,131.56,129.13,127.86,127.68,126.72,126.04,19.53。
1-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯甲酸(102)(l-Methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid(102))
在无水条件和氮气气氛下,将乙酸钾(1473mg,15.00mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(1523mg,6.00mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(183mg,0.25mmol)的复合物添加到4-溴-2-甲基苯甲酸(4-bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid)(1075mg,5.00mmol)的二恶烷(180mL)无水溶液中。将混合物在90℃下搅拌过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(970mg,73%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:285.1284[M+H]+;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.79(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.59-7.54(m,2H),2.52(s,3H),1.30(s,12H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ168.70,162.31,137.91,137.42,133.30,131.70,129.35,83.94,24.67,20.94。
4-(4-羧酸-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(14)(4-(4-Carboxylic-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(14))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(83mg,0.46mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯甲酸(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid)(100mg,0.38mmol),Na2CO3(193mg,2.30mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(18mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(87mg,产率82%)。ESI-MS m/z:303.0752[M+H]+;纯度:96.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.91(s,1H),8.36-8.32(m,1H),7.94(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.92-7.88(m,2H),7.72-7.67(m,1H),7.52-7.45(m,2H),2.60(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ169.11,159.22,145.73,138.95,137.51,137.16,133.71,132.11,131.73,130.19,128.80,127.85,126.68,126.48,126.11,21.21。
2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯胺(103)(2,6-Dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline(103))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(884mg,9.01mmol),双-(频哪醇-)-二硼(254mg,1.00mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(74mg,0.05mmol)的复合物加入到4-溴-1-甲氧基1-2-硝基苯(4-bromo-l-methoxyl-2-nitrobenzene)的无水溶液(100mg,0.50mmol)中。获得的产物为浅黄色固体(97mg,78%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.15-7.12(m,2H),2.23(d,J=0.7Hz,6H),1.23(s,12H)。
4-(4-氨基-3--甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(15)(4-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(15))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(109mg,0.60mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)-2-基)苯胺(2,6-dimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline)(124mg,0.50mmol),Na2CO3(160mg,1.51mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(18mg,0.02mmol)。ESI-MS m/z:266.1295[M+H]+;纯度:92.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.94(s,1H),8.50(ddd,J=6.0,3.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.91-7.84(m,1H),7.83-7.76(m,2H),7.18(p,J=0.7Hz,2H),3.82(s,2H),2.26(s,6H)。13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.41,147.40,145.18,133.60,131.51,129.59,129.00,128.01,127.19,126.14,122.47,120.72,18.04。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.41,147.40,145.18,133.60,131.51,129.59,129.00,128.01,127.19,126.14,122.47,120.72,18.04。
2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯(104(Methyl-2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate(104))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(884mg,9.00mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(305mg,1.20mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(37mg,0.05mmol)和4-溴-2-甲基-苯甲酸甲酯(4-bromo-2-methylbenzoic acid methyl ester)(229mg,1.00mmol)的复合物。获得白色固体产物(222mg,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.88(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.70-7.64(m,2H),3.89(s,3H),2.59(d,J=0.7Hz,3H),1.35(s,12H)。
4-(4-碳甲氧基-1-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(16)(4-(4-Carbomethoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(16))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(147mg,0.81mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯甲酸甲酯(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoic acid methyl ester)(222mg,0.81mmol),Na2CO3(259mg,2.44mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)([l,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichlonde)(14mg,0.02mmol)得到浅黄色固体状的产物(157mg,66%)。ESI/MS:m/z:317.0911[M+Na]+;纯度:99.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.93(s,1H),8.46-8.31(m,1H),7.98(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.94-7.85(m,2H),7.73-7.66(m,1H),7.59-7.56(m,1H),7.53(dd,J=8.0,1.8Hz,1H),3.88(s,3H),2.60(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ167.02,159.23,145.46,139.51,138.48,133.76,132.40,131.79,130.30,129.74,128.70,127.84,126.97,126.40,126.14,52.08,21.07。
4-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(17)(4-(4-Acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(17))
将4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone)(133mg,0.50mmol)在二恶烷(6mL),与乙酸酐(72uL,0.75mmol)和TEA(208uL,1.50mmol)中回流。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,并将水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(121mg,78%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:309.1240[M+H]+;纯度:92.7%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.85(s,1H),8.36-8.29(m,1H),7.90(pd,J=7.1,1.7Hz,2H),7.71(dd,J=7.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.33(s,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.18(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ168.53,159.22,148.43,145.88,133.66,132.50,131.62,130.27,129.38,128.95,127.83,126.64,126.06,20.26,15.96。
4-(4-乙酰氧基-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(18)(4-(4-Acetoxy-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(18))
将4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(133mg,0.50mmol)在二恶烷(6mL),与乙酸酐(72uL,0.75mmol)和TEA(208uL,1.50mmol)中回流。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(71mg,产率46%)。ESI-MS m/z 295.1084[M+H]+;纯度:90.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.87(s,1H),8.37-8.29(m,1H),7.90(m,2H),7.73-7.68(m,1H),7.52(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.45(dd,J=8.2,2.2Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.35(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ168.95,159.24,149.64,145.81,133.69,132.76,131.90,131.68,130.31,128.96,128.04,127.86,126.58,126.10,122.36,20.63,15.77。
4-(4-羟基苯基)酞嗪-1(2H)-酮(19)(4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)phthalazin-l(2H)-one(19))
向邻苯二甲酸酐(100mg,0.68mmol)的二氯乙烷(10mL)溶液中加入苯酚(50μL0.57mmol)。将该溶液在冰浴中冷却。分批加入氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)。10分钟后移去冰浴,并在1小时内升温至室温。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,并小心地倒入冰/1NHCl(150mL)的搅拌溶液中。分离有机层,并用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,再溶解于EtOH(15mL)中。加入一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol),将混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为白色固体(120mg,88%)的标题化合物。纯度:98.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.74(s,1H),9.82(s,1H),8.32(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.88(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.73(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.2Hz,2H)。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(20)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(20))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(100mg,0.68mmol),2,6-二甲基苯酚(96mg,0.70mmol),氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)和一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(98mg,54%)。纯度:95.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.71(s,1H),8.35-8.28(m,1H),7.92-7.83(m,2H),7.76-7.71(m,1H),7.13(s,2H),2.24(s,6H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(21)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(21))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(100mg,0.68mmol),2,6-二甲基苯酚(96mg,0.70mmol),氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)和一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(98mg,54%)。纯度:97.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.72(s,1H),9.69(s,1H),8.38-8.20(m,1H),7.95-7.81(m,2H),7.79-7.70(m,1H),7.37-7.25(m,1H),7.24-7.12(m,1H),6.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.19(s,3H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-乙基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(22)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-ethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(22))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(100mg,0.68mmol),2-乙基苯酚(96mg,0.70mmol),氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)和一水合肼(150μL,3.13mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(143mg,79%)。ESI-MS m/z:267.1140[M+H]+;纯度:96.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.72(s,1H),9.69(s,1H),8.36-8.28(m,1H),7.94-7.82(m,2H),7.79-7.72(m,1H),7.28(d,J=23Hz,1H),7.22(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.61(q,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.17(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.16,155.77,146.68,133.48,131.42,130.03,130.00,129.28,127.92,127.87,126.82,126.02,125.72,114.65,22.71,14.14。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二异丙基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(23)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-diisopropylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(23))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(500mg,3.38mmol),2,6-二异丙基苯酚(608mg,3.41mmol),氯化铝(846mg,6.45mmol)和一水合肼(750μL,15.65mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(528mg,48.5%)。ESI-MS m/z:323.1762[M+H]+;纯度:92.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.71(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.37-8.28(m,1H),7.98-7.83(m,2H),7.76-7.67(m,1H),7.18(s,2H),3.39(h,J=6.9Hz,2H),1.19(d,J=6.8Hz,12H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.14,151.50,147.07,135.22,133.51,131.40,129.32,127.98,126.72,126.46,126.07,124.26,26.19,22.93。
4-(4-羟基-2,3,5-三甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(24)(4-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(24))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(200mg,1.35mmol),2,5,6-三甲基苯酚(367mg,3.00mmol),氯化铝(373mg,2.80mmol)和一水合肼(300μL,6.26mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(225mg,64%)。ESI-MS m/z:281.1290[M+H]+;纯度:99.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.70(s,1H),8.33-8.27(m,1H),8.24(s,1H),7.86-7.70(m,2H),7.18-7.07(m,1H),6.73-6.67(m,1H),2.25(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),1.87(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.72,153.04,144.49,137.65,134.00,133.39,131.24,130.63,128.00,126.01,125.65,122.63,120.75,119.77,19.96,19.01,11.96。
4-(4-羟基萘基)-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(25)(4-(4-Hydroxy-naphthyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(25))
应用通用方法C,使用邻苯二甲酸酐(200mg,1.35mmol),1-萘酚(292mg,2.02mmol),氯化铝(270mg,2.02mmol)和一水合肼(300uL,6.26mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体(133mg,34%)的产物。ESI-MS m/z:289.0986[M+H]+;纯度:97.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.82(s,1H),9.64(s,1H),8.35-8.31(m,1H),8.28(ddd,J=7.7,2.0,0.8Hz,1H),7.97-7.90(m,1H),7.87-7.78(m,2H),7.62-7.51(m,3H),7.39-7.33(m,2H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.88,150.91,145.28,134.69,133.46,131.46,130.38,128.22,128.02,127.75,127.01,126.88,125.83,125.57,125.25,122.65,119.26,116.16。
4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯酚(105)(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenol(105))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(371mg,3.77mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(127mg,0.50mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(19mg,0.03mmol)的复合物将其加入4-溴-2-三氟甲基苯酚(4-bromo-2-trifluoromethyl)phenol)的无水溶液(100mg,0.42mmol)。获得为白色固体的产物(70mg,55%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.97(s,1H),7.86-7.82(m,1H),6.95(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),1.34(s,12H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-三氟甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(26)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(26))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(44mg,0.24mmol),4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯酚(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenol)(70mg,0.24mmol),Na2CO3(78mg,0.74mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(14mg,0.02mmol)。获得为白色固体的产物(37mg,50%)。ESI-MS m/z:305.0546[M-H]-;纯度:99.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.72(s,1H),8.36-8.29(m,1H),7.96-7.85(m,3H),7.75(dd,J=8.1,1.2Hz,1H),7.39(dd,J=8.3,2.4Hz,1H),6.80(d,J=8.4Hz,1H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ171.21,163.91,162.31,159.17,146.74,133.43,132.57,131.40,131.10,129.29,127.97,126.77,126.05,122.74,116.21。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-三氟甲基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(27)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(27))
向26(20mg,0.1mmol)的DMF溶液中加入碳酸钾(28mg,0.2mmol)和甲基碘(19uL,0.3mmol)。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(13mg,63%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:321.0857[M+H]+;纯度:97.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.87(s,1H),8.39-8.31(m,1H),7.94-7.86(m,3H),7.81(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.70-7.64(m,1H),7.45(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),3.99(s,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.78,157.90,145.57,135.72,134.27,132.25,129.39,128.27,128.10,127.55,126.81,126.62,122.65,117.59,113.52,56.88。
2-羟基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苄腈(106)(2-Hydroxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzonitrile(106))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(446mg,4.54mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(192mg,0.76mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(19mg,0.03mmol)的复合物将其加入5-溴-2-羟基苄腈的无水溶液(100mg,0.51mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(88mg,70%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.98(dd,J=1.6,0.5Hz,1H),7.88(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),6.96(dd,J=8.3,0.5Hz,1H),1.33(s,12H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-氰基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(28)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-cyanophenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(28))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(186mg,103mmol),104(153mg,1.02mmol),Na2CO3(433mg,4.08mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(58mg,0.05mmol)。ESI-MS m/z:264.0779[M+H]+;纯度:95.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.85(s,1H),11.52(s,1H),8.39-8.29(m,1H),7.95-7.86(m,2H),7.84(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.76-7.66(m,2H),7.17(d,J=8.7Hz,1H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ160.70,159.22,144.81,135.76,134.03,133.73,131.72,128.92,127.84,126.53,126.09,116.59,116.39,99.11,30.70。
2-硝基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-茴香醚(107)(2-Nitro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-anisole(107))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(884mg,9.01mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(381mg,2.48mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(37mg,0.03mmol)的复合物将其添加至4-溴-1-甲氧基-1-硝基苯(232mg,1.00mmol)的无水溶液。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(232mg,83%)。ESI-MS m/z:280.1356[M+H]+;1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.25(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.94(dd,J=8.4,1.6Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.98(s,3H),1.34(s,12H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ155.03,140.64,132.02,132.01,112.74,84.40,56.56,24.93。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-硝基苯基)-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(29)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-nitrophenyl)-l(2H)-phthalazinone(29))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(86mg,0.48mmol),105(132mg,0.48mmol),Na2CO3(153mg,1.44mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(17mg,0.03mmol)。ESI-MS m/z:298.0830[M+H]+;纯度:96.5%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.93(s,1H),8.39-8.28(m,1H),8.12(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.01-7.85(m,3H),7.77-7.64(m,1H),7.55(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.03(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.70,152.78,144.74,139.60,135.70,134.25,132.28,129.27,128.32,127.81,126.78,126.64,126.22,115.01,57.42。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(30)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(30))
向21(80mg 0.32mmol)的THF溶液中加入氢化钠(20mg,0.50mmol)和甲基碘(30uL,0.45mmol)。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到为白色固体(63mg,73%产率)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:267.1143[M+H]+;纯度:97.5%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.73(s,1H),8.37-8.30(m,1H),7.95-7.84(m,2H),7.78-7.70(m,1H),7.30(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz,1H),7.23(ddd,J=8.2,2.3,0.7Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.76(s,3H),2.20(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.17,156.30,146.22,133.22,131.66,131.62,128.89,127.99,127.39,126.86,126.23,125.23,124.11,114.42,55.43,15.99。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-乙基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(31)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-ethyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(31))
将化合物21(100mg,0.40mmol)与溴化乙基醚(36uL,0.48mmol)和氢化钠(20mg,0.50mmol)在DMF(6mL)中回流。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取水层。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(12mg,11%)。ESI-MS m/z:281.1288[M+H]+;纯度:94.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.73(s,1H),8.38-8.29(m,1H),7.97-7.81(m,2H),7.81-7.68(m,1H),7.31(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.24(dd,J=8.1,2.3Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.20(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.20(s,3H),1.32(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.05,155.14,132.74,132.24,131.36,129.58,128.51,128.46,127.67,127.22,126.96,124.55,115.16,77.48,77.16,76.84,46.73,16.06,13.94。
4-(4-乙氧基-3-甲基苯基)-2-乙基-1-(2H)-酞嗪酮(32)(4-(4-Ethoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-2-ethyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(32))
将化合物21(100mg,0.40mmol)与溴化乙基醚(36uL,0.48mmol)和氢化钠(20mg,0.50mmol)在DMF(6mL)中回流。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(47mg,38%)。ESI-MS m/z:309.1602[M+H]+;纯度:97.2%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.57-8.48(m,1H),7.80-7.69(m,3H),7.37(m,2H),6.94(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.36(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.12(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.31(s,3H),1.47(m,6H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ158.95,158.06,147.27,132.63,131.75,131.24,129.60,128.51,128.18,127.40,127.18,127.15,126.97,110.95,63.86,46.64,16.54,15.07,13.94。
2,4-二苯基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(33)(2,4-Diphenyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(33))
将化合物5(100mg,0.40mmol)与苯溴化物(36uL,0.48mmol)和氢化钠(20mg,0.50mmol)在DMF(6mL)中回流。将反应混合物回流过夜,冷却至室温,加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(12mg,11%)。纯度:95.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.68(ddd,J=8.0,1.3,0.6Hz,IH),7.95(ddd,J=8.2,7.1,1.2Hz,IH),7.72(ddd,J=8.4,7.1,1.3Hz,IH),7.51(ddd,J=8.2,1.2,0.7Hz,1H),7.40-7.35(m,3H),7.32-7.21(m,7H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-5-甲基-1(2H)-酞嗪酮(34)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-5-methyl-l(2H)-phthalazinone(34))
应用通用方法C,使用3-甲基邻苯二甲酸酐(3-methylphthalic acid anhydride)(162mg,1.00mmol),1-萘酚(147mg,1.20mmol),氯化铝(800mg,6.00mmol)和一水合肼(100μL,2.05mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(123mg,46%)。ESI-MS m/z:265.0979[M-H]-;纯度:96.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.67(s,IH),9.57(s,IH),8.25-8.17(m,IH),7.72(t,J=7.6Hz,IH),7.65(ddd,J=7.4,1.6,0.8Hz,IH),7.07(dd,J=2.2,0.9Hz,IH),6.99(dd,J=8.1,2.2Hz,IH),6.84(d,J=8.1Hz,IH),2.16(s,3H),1.92(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.34,155.55,146.61,136.97,136.13,131.06,131.04,130.03,128.94,128.46,127.23,124.27,123.75,114.24,22.95,15.89。
8-(4-乙氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-吡啶[2,3-d]哒嗪-5(6H)-酮(35)(8-(4-Ethoxyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazin-5(6H)-one(35))
应用通用方法C,使用2,3-吡啶二羧酸酐(2,3-pyridinedicarboxylicanhydride)(100mg,0.68mmol),2,6-二甲基苯酚(96mg,0.70mmol),氯化铝(185mg,1.39mmol)和一水合肼(150μE,3.13mmol)。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(122mg,67%)。ESI-MSm/z:268.1091[M+H]+;纯度:99.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.98(s,IH),9.16(dd,J=4.5,1.8Hz,IH),8.64(dd,J=8.1,1.8Hz,IH),7.86(dd,J=8.1,4.5Hz,1H),7.44(s,2H),2.23(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ160.10,155.54,154.48,146.89,146.05,135.04,130.48,126.52,125.92,124.78,123.79,17.24。
4-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)喹啉(36)(4-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-Hydroxyphenyl)quinolone(36))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴喹啉(104mg,0.50mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(20mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(40mg,32%)。ESI-MS m/z:250.1239[M+H]+;纯度:99.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.91(dd,J=4.4,1.0Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.72(ddt,J=8.2,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.51(ddt,J=8.2,6.8,1.1Hz,1H),7.30(dd,J=4.5,0.9Hz,1H),7.15(s,2H),2.32(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ156.64,152.80,150.09,148.82,148.73,129.99,129.87,129.33,127.17,126.54,126.26,123.44,121.39,16.21。
4-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)喹啉(37)(4-(3-Methyl-4-Hydroxyphenyl)quinoline(37))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴喹啉(104mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(110mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(21mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(92mg,74%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:236.1073[M+H]+;纯度:97.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.87(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.06(dd,J=8.5,1.2Hz,1H),7.96(dd,J=8.6,1.3Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.58(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.27(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.20(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.20(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.18,150.25,148.37,147.96,131.93,129.56,129.48,128.24,127.88,126.85,126.34,125.86,124.60,121.39,114.93,16.20。
4-氯喹唑啉(108)(4-Chloroquinazoline(108))
将4-喹唑啉醇(292mg,2.00mmol)在POC13中回流过夜。将其冷却至室温并倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。滤出沉淀物并用水洗涤,通过通入空气干燥。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(224mg,68%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.06(s,1H),8.30(ddd,J=8.4,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),8.15-8.07(m,1H),7.99(ddd,J=8.5,7.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,J=8.3,6.9,1.2Hz,1H)。
4-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)喹唑啉(38)(4-(3-Methyl-4-Hydroxyphenyl)quinazoline(38))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯喹唑啉(82mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.50mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(88mg,产率75%)。ESI-MS m/z:237.1034[M+H]+;纯度:74.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.99(s,1H),9.25(s,1H),8.19(ddd,J=8.5,1.3,0.7Hz,1H),8.07-7.96(m,2H),7.73(ddd,J=8.3,6.6,1.6Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.51(ddd,J=8.3,2.4,0.6Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),2.24(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ167.29,157.69,154.33,150.54,133.83,132.62,129.27,128.31,127.95,127.26,127.10,124.34,122.22,114.55,16.01。
4-异喹啉-4-基-2-甲基苯酚(39)(4-Isoquinolin-4-yl-2-methylphenol(39))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴异喹啉(105mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117)mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(78mg,66%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:236.1077[M+H]+;纯度:98.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.27(s,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.18(ddd,J=8.1,1.5,0.7Hz,1H),7.90(dt,J=8.5,1.0Hz,1H),7.74(dddd,J=28.7,8.0,6.9,1.3Hz,2H),7.24(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.16(dd,=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),6.95(d,=8.2Hz,1H),2.20(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ155.66,151.34,142.36,133.61,132.96,132.27,131.04,128.48,128.28,128.19,127.55,126.87,124.53,124.50,114.99,16.25。
1-氯酞嗪(109)(1-Chlorophthalazine(109))
将1-羟基-2,3-苯并重氮(300mg,2.05mmol)在POC13中回流过夜。将其冷却至室温并倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。滤出沉淀物并用水洗涤,通过通入空气干燥。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(242mg,73%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.45(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),8.37-8.29(m,1H),8.09-7.97(m,3H)。
1-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)-酞嗪(40)(l-(3,5-Dimethyl-4-Hydroxyphenyl)-phthalazine(40))
应用通用方法B,使用1-氯酞嗪(83mg,0.50mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),Cs2CO3(489mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(20mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(50mg,40%)。ESI-MS m/z:251.1183[M+H]+;纯度:99.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.49(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),8.20-8.11(m,1H),8.03-7.99(m,1H),7.95-7.85(m,2H),7.35(s,2H),2.33(s,6H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.21,154.08,150.29,132.60,132.27,130.37,127.69,127.29,126.81,126.68,125.81,124.26,16.41。
1-(3-甲基-4-羟基苯基)-酞嗪(41)(l-(3-Methyl-4-Hydroxyphenyl)-phthalazine(41))
应用通用方法B,使用1-氯酞嗪(33mg,0.20mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(84mg,0.60mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(9mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(31mg,66%)。ESI-MS m/z:237.1029[M+H]+;纯度:94.3%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.81(s,1H),9.62(s,1H),8.21(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.13-7.91(m,3H),7.48(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.40(dd,J=8.2,2.3Hz,1H),7.00(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.24(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.90,156.71,149.92,133.01,132.38,132.28,128.67,126.87,126.58,126.52,125.71,124.41,124.15,114.51,16.01。
1-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)萘(42)(l-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)naphthalene(42))
应用通用方法B,使用1-溴萘(104mg,0.50mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基磷)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)([l,1’-bis(diphenylphosphmo)ferrocene]palladium(II)dichlonde)(20mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(67mg,54%)。ESI-MS m/z:247.1123[M-H]—;纯度:90.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.95(ddt,J=8.3,1.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.89(ddt,J=8.1,1.3,0.6Hz,1H),7.82(dd,J=8.3,1.2Hz,1H),7.54-7.37(m,4H),7.12(s,2H),2.34(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDC13)δ151.58,140.17,133.81,132.71,131.85,130.25,128.22,127.16,126.81,126.23,125.82,125.63,125.38,122.78,16.04。
1-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)萘(43)(l-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)naphthalene(43))
应用通用方法B,使用1-溴萘(104mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚((HOmg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(21mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(82mg,65%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:235.1118[M+H]+;纯度:95.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.98-7.86(m,2H),7.87-7.80(m,1H),7.56-7.35(m,4H),7.31-7.23(m,1H),7.22(dd,J=8.1,2.2Hz,1H),6.90(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),2.34(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ153.33,140.14,133.95,133.36,132.81,131.96,128.88,128.37,127.38,126.98,126.27,126.00,125.80,125.52,123.69,114.85,16.01。
噌啉-4-醇(110)(Cinnolin-4-ol(110))
将2-氨基苯乙酮(295μL,1.55mol)在浓盐酸(2mL)中的混合物冷却至-5℃。缓慢添加亚硝酸钠(129g,1.87mol)的水溶液(5mL),保持温度低于0℃。之后,将混合物在65℃下搅拌3h。将该混合物冷却至室温。滤出沉淀物,用乙醚洗涤,干燥并溶于水(最小量)。将碳酸钠(1g)小心地添加到溶液中,将混合物搅拌1h并过滤。沉淀物用水洗涤并在空气上干燥,以得到标题化合物(218mg,96%产率)。1H NMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.18(ddd,J=8.3,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.83(ddd,J=8.5,6.9,1.4Hz,1H),7.64(dt,J=8.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.50(ddd,J=8.1,7.0,1.0Hz,1H)。
4-氯噌啉(111)(4-Chlorocinnoline(111))
将化合物110(292mg,2.00mmol)在POCl3中回流过夜。将其冷却至室温并倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。滤出沉淀物并用水洗涤,通过通入空气干燥。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(243mg,74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.35(s,1H),8.57(ddd,J=8.5,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),8.20(ddd,J=8.2,1.6,0.7Hz,1H),7.97-7.83(m,2H)。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-噌啉(44)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-cinnolin(44))
应用通用方法B,使用110(146mg,0.89mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(208mg,0.89mmol),K2CO3(368mg,2.66mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(37mg,0.05mmol),得到浅黄色固体(132mg,59%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:523.2110[2M+Na]+;纯度:90.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.24(s,1H),8.62-8.54(m,1H),8.12-8.01(m,1H),7.85(ddd,=8.5,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.73(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.21(s,2H),2.38(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)=153.61,150.68,144.85,135.49,131.07,130.37,130.31,130.20,126.06,125.10,124.04,124.04,16.24。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-噌啉(45)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-cinnolin(45))
应用通用方法B,使用111(50mg,0.30mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(72mg,0.31mmol),K2CO3(125mg,0.90mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(13mg,0.02mmol),得到浅黄色固体(51mg,72%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:237.1031[M+H]+;纯度:99.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.90(s,1H),9.27(s,1H),8.50(ddd,J=8.5,1.3,0.7Hz,1H),8.08(ddd,J=8.5,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.97(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.87(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.42(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz,1H),7.34(ddd,J=8.3,2.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.23(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.83,149.95,144.27,134.59,132.24,131.46,130.74,129.36,128.75,124.91,124.80,123.82,123.65,115.13,16.02。
N-叔丁氧羰基-3--(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-吲哚(46)(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3--(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-indole(46))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴吲哚-1-甲酸叔丁酯(3-bromoindole-l-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester)(150mg,0.51mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(20mg,0.02mmol)以获得浅黄色固体(132mg,82%)ESI-MS m/z:324.1610[M+H]+;纯度:92.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.26-8.15(m,1H),7.78(ddd,J=7.8,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.63(s,1H),7.41(m,1H),7.39-7.34(m,2H),7.32-7.26(m,1H),6.88(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.34(s,3H),1.69(s,9H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ153.32,135.93,134.46,130.77,129.37,126.85,126.48,124.61,124.32,122.94,122.27,122.08,120.08,115.53,115.42,83.86,28.39,16.05。
3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-吲哚(47)(3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-indole(47))
将化合物46(32mg,0.10mmol)溶于冰浴中的氯仿中,滴加TFA,并在冰浴中搅拌2h。然后将混合物用水稀释并用NaHCO3调节至pH 6,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(14mg,63%产率)标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:224.1074[M+H]+;纯度:94.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.18(s,1H),7.90(ddt,J=7.9,1.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.46-7.39(m,2H),7.39(ddd,J=8.2,2.2,0.6Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.26-7.21(m,1H),7.18(ddd,J=8.0,7.0,1.1Hz,1H),6.87(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.33(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ152.32,136.54,130.27,128.14,126.29,125.91,124.00,122.28,121.06,120.08,119.78,118.12,115.27,111.31,15.95。
3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1H-吲唑(48)(3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-lH-indazole(48))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴-1H-吲唑(125mg,0.60mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K3PO4(531mg,2.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(97mg,产率86%)。ESI-MS m/z:225.1033[M+H]+;纯度:99.6%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.01(dt,J=8.2,1.0Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=2.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.71-7.66(m,1H),7.49(dt,J=8.4,1.0Hz,1H),7.42(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),7.22(ddd,J=8.0,6.8,1.0Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.28,146.03,141.78,130.44,126.96,126.61,126.22,124.50,121.49,121.34,121.11,115.47,110.03,25.02。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-7-氮杂吲哚(49)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)-7-azaindole(49))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-7-氮杂吲哚(34mg,0.22mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(84mg,0.60mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基二膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(9mg,0.01mmol),以得到浅黄色固体(33mg,62%)。ESI-MS m/z:225.1029[M+H]+;纯度:96.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.68(s,1H),9.63(s,1H),8.20(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),7.52-7.46(m,2H),7.44(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),6.93(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.60(dd,J=3.5,1.9Hz,1H),2.22(s,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ155.91,149.13,142.80,140.61,130.45,129.04,126.71,125.90,124.39,116.97,114.97,113.54,99.26,16.09。
2,2-二甲基-5-((吡啶-3-基氨基)亚甲基)-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮(112)(2,2-Dimethyl-5-((pyridin-3-ylamino)methylene)-l,3-dioxane-4,6-dione(112))
将原甲酸三乙酯(1.665mL,10.0mmol)和2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮(2,2-dimethyl-l,3-dioxane-4,6-dione)(865mg,6.0mmol)的混合物在90OC下加热1.5h,然后冷却至70℃。在10分钟内用EtOH(20mL)冲洗液缓慢加入3-氨基吡啶15(471mg,5.0mol),同时将反应温度保持在60至70℃之间。然后将反应另外加热30分钟,并冷却至RT。过滤沉淀物,用EtOH(20mL)洗涤,干燥,得到浅黄色固体状的化合物(1118mg,90%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ11.25(d,J=14.2Hz,1H),8.66-8.59(m,2H),8.55(dd,J=4.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.61(ddd,J=8.3,2.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.41(dd,J=8.3,4.7Hz,1H),1.77(s,6H)。
4-羟基-1,5-萘啶(113)(4-Hydroxy-l,5-naphthyridine(113))
在215℃下将中间体112(300mg,1.21mmol)分批加入二苯醚(100ml,630mmol)中。将该溶液回流搅拌4h,然后冷却至室温。滤出合并的沉淀固体,并用乙醚(2×500ml)洗涤,得到浅棕色固体。将固体在乙醚(2×500ml)中研磨,过滤并真空干燥,得到中间体2,其无需进一步纯化即可用于下一步。(78mg,44%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.75(dd,J=4.3,1.5Hz,1H),8.15-8.01(m,2H),7.74(dd,J=8.6,4.2Hz,1H),6.52(d,J=7.4Hz,1H)。
4-氯-1,5-萘啶(114)(4-Chloro-l,5-naphthyridine(114))
将化合物113(78mg,0.53mmol)在POC13(5mL)中于90℃搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到白色固体(43mg,49%)状的标题化合物。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.12(dd,J=4.1,1.6Hz,1H),8.89(s,br,1H),8.50(dd,J=8.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.81(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=8.5,4.1Hz,1H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-1,5-萘啶(50)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)-1,5-naphthyridine(50))
应用通用方法B,使用113(30mg,0.18mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(43mg,0.18mmol),K2CO3(76mg,0.55mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(8mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(21mg,49%)。ESI-MS m/z:237.1032[M+H]+;纯度:99.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.67(s,1H),9.01(dd,J=4.1,1.8Hz,1H),8.96(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.44(dd,J=8.5,1.8Hz,1H),7.79(dd,J=8.5,4.1Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.58(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.52(ddd,J=8.3,2.4,0.6Hz,1H),6.92(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),2.21(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.28,151.11,150.55,147.13,143.94,141.28,137.33,133.05,129.47,126.77,124.41,123.47,123.42,114.23,16.14。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-2-甲基喹啉(51)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-quinoline(51))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-2-甲氧基喹啉(4-bromo-2-methoxylquinoline)(80mg,0.45mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(105mg,0.45mmol),K2CO3(187mg,1.35mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(20mg,0.03mmol),以得到浅黄色固体(62mg,52%)。ESI-MS m/z:264.1388[M+H]+;纯度:87.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.06(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.97-7.90(m,1H),7.70-7.64(m,1H),7.47-7.39(m,1H),7.20(s,1H),7.15-7.12(m,2H),4.88(s,1H),2.76(s,3H),2.34(d,J=0.7Hz,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ158.59,152.74,148.76,148.52,130.12,129.92,129.33,129.02,126.03,125.66,125.49,123.45,122.28,25.47,16.22。
4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-2-三氟甲基喹啉(52)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-trifluoromethyl-quinoline(52))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-2-三氟甲氧基喹啉(4-chloro-2-trifluoromethoxylquinoline)(116mg,0.0mmol),2,6-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(117mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(21mg,0.03mmol)以得到浅黄色固体(132mg,59%)。ESI-MSm/z:318.1107[M+H]+;纯度:89.4%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.31-8.23(m,1H),8.11-8.03(m,1H),7.81(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.67-7.58(m,2H),7.17(s,2H),4.86(s,1H),2.36(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ153.23,151.14,147.96,147.80,130.57,130.54,129.99,129.18,128.47,127.78,126.29,123.67,123.21,117.01,116.99,16.15。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲基喹啉(53)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methyl-quinoline(53))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-2-甲氧基喹啉(89mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(HOmg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(207mg,1.50mmol)和l-l'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(21mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(81mg,65%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:250.1232[M+H]+;纯度:97.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.00-7.92(m,1H),7.92-7.86(m,1H),7.70(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.49(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.25(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.22-7.14(m,1H),6.95(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.65(s,3H),2.20(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.49,156.07,148.06,148.00,131.86,129.35,128.80,128.15,128.00,125.89,125.60,124.75,124.54,122.02,114.86,24.88,16.19。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-三氟甲基喹啉(54)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-trifluoromethyl-quinoline(54))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-2-三氟甲氧基喹啉(231mg,1.00mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(234mg,1.00mmol),K2CO3(415mg,3.00mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(36mg,0.05mmol),得到浅黄色固体(231mg,76%)。ESI-MS m/z:304.0953[M+H]+;纯度:96.8%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.29(ddd,J=8.5,1.3,0.6Hz,1H),8.07(ddd,J=8.5,1.5,0.6Hz,1H),7.82(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.66(s,lH),7.63(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.32(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.29-7.23(m,1H),6.97(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.38(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ155.00,151.12,147.92,147.79,132.40,130.67,130.47,129.56,128.65,128.57,127.78,126.23,124.75,123.19,117.04,115.36,16.04。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-2-甲氧基-喹啉(55)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methoxyl-quinoline(55))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-2-甲氧基喹啉(40mg,0.21mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(84mg,0.60mmol)和[l,l'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(9mg,0.01mmol)的复合物,以得到浅黄色固体(33mg,62%)。ESI-MS m/z:266.1181[M+H]+;纯度:85.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.93(ddd,J=8.4,1.4,0.6Hz,1H),7.85-7.80(m,1H),7.62(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.33(ddd,J=8.3,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.27(dd,J=2.3,0.9Hz,1H),7.21(ddd,J=8.1.2,2.2,0.6Hz,1H),6.91(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),6.83(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),4.11(s,3H),2.34(s,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.33,154.37,151.26,147.31,132.22,130.45,129.53,128.35,127.62,126.09,124.43,124.24,124.03,115.04,112.73,53.58,16.03。
3-甲基喹啉-4-醇(115)(3-Methylquinolin-4-ol(115))
将3-甲基喹啉(286mg,2.00mmol)溶解在乙酸中,并添加30%的氢过氧化物(680uL,6.00mmol)。将这些反应物混合并在60℃搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,用Na2CO3溶液中和。加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(243mg,76%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.75-8.66(m,1H),8.50(s,1H),7.79(dd,J=8.2,1.4Hz,1H),7.70(ddt,J=8.6,6.9,1.4Hz,1H),7.66-7.57(m,1H),2.47(s,3H)。
4-氯-3-甲基喹啉(116)(4-Chloro-3-methylquinoline(116))
将3-甲基喹啉-4-醇(200mg,1.25mmol)在POC13中回流过夜。将其冷却至室温并倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。滤出沉淀物并用水洗涤,通过通入空气干燥。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(142mg,64%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.03-7.96(m,2H),7.78-7.73(m,1H),7.70-7.65(m,1H),7.53(ddt,J=8.1,7.0,1.1Hz,1H),2.54(d,J=1.0Hz,3H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-3-甲基喹啉(56)(4-(4-Hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3-methyl-quinoline(56))
应用通用方法B,116(153mg,0.86mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(201mg,0.86mmol),K2CO3(357mg,2.58mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(O)(tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0))(36mg,0.05mmol),得到浅黄色固体(121mg,56%)。ESI-MS m/z:250.1228[M+H]+;纯度:92.5%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.17(dd,J=8.5,0.9Hz,1H),8.02(t,J=1.0Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.67(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.52(ddd,J=8.1,6.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.30(dd,J=2.2,0.9Hz,1H),7.16(ddd,J=8.2,2.3,0.6Hz,1H),6.69(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),2.47(s,3H),2.28(s,3H)。13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.85,154.77,146.46,137.02,132.79,131.53,129.73,128.98,128.83,127.69,127.63,126.84,126.42,124.82,115.67,20.90,16.24。
2-溴-5-甲基甲氧基-4-甲基苯甲酸甲酯(117)(Methyl-2-bromo-5-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate(117))
在冰浴中将2-溴-5-甲氧基-4-甲基-苯甲酸(2-Bromo-5-methoxy-4-methyl-benzoic acid)(490mg,2.00mmol)溶解在5ml甲醇中,然后滴加SOCl2(436μL,6.00mmol)。将反应混合物在室温搅拌过夜。加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(436mg,84%)。lHNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.40(d,J=0.8Hz,1H),7.27(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.85(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。
2-甲基-5-碳甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂硼环烷-2-基)-茴香醚(118)(2-Methyl-5-carbomethoxyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[l,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-anisole(118))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(786mg,8.00mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(610mg,2.40mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(82mg,0.10mmol)的复合物,将其加入到116的无水溶液(436mg,1.68mmol)中。获得为白色固体的产物(477mg,93%)。ESI-MSm/z:329.1532[M+Na]+。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.37(s,1H),7.25(d,J=0.9Hz,1H),3.90(s,3H),3.86(s,3H),2.23(d,J=0.8Hz,3H),1.40(s,12H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.57、158.41,134.68,132.90,131.23,110.20,83.93,55.45,52.30,25.00,16.42。
4-(2-甲氧基羰基-4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-喹啉(57)(4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-quinoline(57))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴喹诺酮(105mg,0.50mmol),117(140mg,0.51mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.51mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(21mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(120mg,78%)。ESI-MS m/z:308.1287[M+H]+;纯度:98.7%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.92(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.18-8.11(m,1H),7.70-7.64(m,1H),7.55(s,1H),7.50(ddd,J=8.4,1.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.42(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.11(s,1H),3.97(s,3H),3.35(s,3H),2.30(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.33,157.70,149.94,149.15,148.11,133.38,131.78,131.11,129.83,129.17,128.96,127.86,126.56,125.65,120.95,111.47,55.82,51.92,16.50。
4-(2-甲氧基羰基-4-甲氧基1-3甲基苯基)-7-甲氧基喹啉(58)(4-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-4-methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-7-methoxyl-quinoline(58))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-7-甲氧基喹诺酮(4-chloro-7-methoxylquinolone)(97mg,0.50mmol),117(140mg,0.51mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.51mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(20mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(87mg,52%)。ESI-MS m/z:338.1393[M+H]+;纯度:99.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.82(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.53(s,1H),7.46(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.14-7.02(m,3H),3.96(s,3H),3.96(s,3H),3.38(s,3H),2.30(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.37,160.36,157.64,150.14,149.86,148.93,133.32,131.70,131.26,128.91,126.80,122.95,119.62,119.15,111.42,107.64,55.81,55.63,51.97,16.50。
9-羟基-10-甲基-3-氮杂苯并蒽酮(59)(9-Hydroxyl-10-methyl-3-azabenzanthrone(59))
将化合物57(47mg,0.15mmol)溶解于1mL硫酸中。将反应混合物在120℃下搅拌2h,然后在140℃下搅拌3h,冷却至室温,倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(26mg,63%)。ESI-MS m/z:262.0863[M+H]+;纯度:94.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.08(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.55(dd,J=7.3,1.3Hz,1H),8.46-8.38(m,3H),8.03(dd,J=8.3,7.3Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),2.35(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ181.50,158.24,151.81,147.07,136.12,134.58,132.40,131.20,129.85,128.70,128.28,127.41,125.05,122.29,116.54,111.77,16.52。
5,9-二羟基-10-甲基-3-氮杂苯并蒽酮(60)(5,9-Dihydroxyl-10-methyl-3-azabenzanthrone(60))
将化合物58(47mg,0.15mmol)溶解于1mL硫酸中。将反应混合物在120℃搅拌2h,然后在140℃搅拌3h,冷却至室温,倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。加入50ml水,水层用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(26mg,63%)。ESI-MS m/z:276.0666[M+H]+;纯度:83.3%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.78(s,1H),10.41(s,1H),8.73(s,1H),8.54(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.28(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.06(s,1H),2.27(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ192.74,161.89,158.79,154.92,152.00,144.52,134.36,132.38,131.06,128.54,128.15,122.67,121.42,117.03,111.84,110.71,17.07。
4-氯-7-甲氧基喹啉(119)(4-Chloro-7-methoxy-quinoline(119))
将7-甲氧基-4-喹啉醇(175mg,1.0mmol)于90℃在POC13(5mL)中搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(163mg,85%)的标题化合物。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.70(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.29(dd,J=9.2,2.6Hz,1H),3.97(s,3H)。
2-甲基-4-(7-甲氧基-4-喹啉基)-苯酚(61)(2-Methyl-4-(7-methoxyl-4-quinolinyl)-phenol(61))
在氮气气氛下,将4-氯-7-甲氧基-喹诺酮(80mg,0.42mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(97mg,0.42mmol),K2CO3(158mg,1.1mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)的混合物与二氯甲烷(18mg,0.01mmol)在二恶烷(5mL)和H2O(1mL)中的复合物于100℃加热过夜。然后将反应用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-10%),得到为白色固体(77mg,85%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:266.1181[M+H]+;纯度:99.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.69(s,1H),8.79(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.26-7.20(m,3H),7.20-7.16(m,1H),6.95(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.93(s,3H),2.21(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ159.84,155.98,150.27,150.14,147.57,131.66,127.96,127.90,126.93,124.32,121.13,119.20,119.12,114.71,107.77,55.46,16.03。
2-甲基-4-(7-羟基-4-喹啉基)-苯酚(62)(2-Methyl-4-(7-hydroxyl-4-quinolinyl)-phenol(62))
将61(80mg,0.30mmol)在无水二氯甲烷(7mL)中的溶液在冰浴中冷却,并用1MBBr3在二氯甲烷(1.9mL)中的溶液逐滴处理,并将所得溶液在冰浴中搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物用水稀释并用NaHCO3调节至pH 6,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(37mg,49%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:252.1024[M+H]+;纯度:95.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.15(s,1H),9.66(s,1H),8.71(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.25-7.21(m,lH),7.19-7.09(m,3H),6.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.20(s,3H);13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO-d6)δ158.14,155.87,150.16,150.07,147.52,131.60,128.12,127.88,127.05,124.24,120.33,119.12,118.43,114.67,110.46,16.02。
7-氯-4-溴-喹啉(120)(7-Chloro-4-bromo-quinoline(120))
将7-氯-4-羟基喹啉(180mg,1.00mmol)溶解在DMF中,向其中缓慢加入三溴化磷(3.54mL,3.73mmol)。将其在60℃下搅拌过夜,然后冷却至室温并倒入冰水中,用Na2CO3中和。滤出沉淀物并用水洗涤,通过通入空气干燥。获得为白色固体的产物(136mg,56%产率)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.68(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.19-8.10(m,2H),7.71(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=9.0,2.1Hz,1H)。
4-(7-氯-4-喹啉基)-2-甲基苯酚(63)(4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolinyl)-2-methyl-phenol(63))
应用通用方法B,使用120(100mg,0.41mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(100mg,0.43mmol),K2CO3(177mg,1.28mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(18mg,0.02mmol),得到浅黄色固体(46mg,42%)。ESI-MS m/z:270.0681[M+H]+;纯度:93.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.91(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.93(dd,J=9.0,0.5Hz,1H),7.46(dd,J=9.0,2.2Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.27(dd,J=2.1,0.9Hz,1H),7.21(ddd,J=8.1,2.2,0.6Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),2.36(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.76,151.07,149.27,148.78,135.37,132.34,129.95,128.73,128.53,127.69,127.61,125.63,124.58,121.56,115.30,16.04。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-7-苯基喹啉(64)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-quinoline(64))
应用通用方法B,使用63(27mg,0.10mmol),苯基硼酸(12mg,0.10mmol),K3PO4(64mg,0.30mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol)得到浅黄色固体(13mg,42%)。ESI-MS m/z:312.1388[M+H]+;纯度:98.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.95(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.41(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),8.09(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.82-7.75(m,3H),7.54-7.47(m,2H),7.45-7.39(m,1H),7.36-7.32(m,2H),7.28(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ155.00,150.38,148.96,148.82,142.16,140.27,132.39,130.09,129.16,128.54,128.09,127.63,127.19,126.79,126.31,126.28,124.68,121.31,115.28,16.17。
2-甲氧基-3-甲基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)吡啶(121)(2-Methoxy-3-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine(121))
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(786mg,8.00mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(610mg,2.40mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(82mg,0.10mmol)的复合物,将其加入到4-溴-1-甲氧基1-2甲基苯(4-bromo-l-methoxyl-2-methylbenzene)的无水溶液(436mg,1.68mmol)中。将残余物通过硅胶柱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-20%),以得到浅黄色固体(477mg,93%)。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.65(s,1H),7.47(s,1H),3.55(s,3H),2.12(s,3H),1.30(s,12H)。
4-(4-甲氧基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)喹啉(65)(4-(4-Methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-quinoline(65))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯喹诺酮(25mg,0.10mmol),120(12mg,0.10mmol),K3PO4(64mg,0.30mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(4mg,0.02mmol),CyJohnphos(4mg,0.01mmol)得到浅黄色固体(46mg,42%)。ESI-MS m/z:251.1180[M+H]+;纯度:93.1%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.92(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.18(ddd,J=8.5,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.94(ddd,J=8.4,1.4,0.6Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,=8.4,6.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.58(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.43(dt,J=2.3,1.1Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=2.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.28(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.67(s,3H),2.26(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.92,150.22,148.95,143.93,138.23,135.71,130.35,129.96,129.78,127.14,126.79,125.20,121.06,116.38,38.29,17.55。
2-苄氧基-5-溴-3-甲基吡啶(122)(2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-3-methylpyridine(122))
向5-溴-2-羟基-3-甲基吡啶(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methyl pyridine)(376mg,2.00mmol)的甲苯(15mL)溶液中添加Ag2CO3(827mg,3.00mmol)和苄基溴(13mg,3.00mmol),并将混合物在40℃下搅拌2h。过滤不溶物,并将滤液真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶柱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到浅黄色固体(436mg,78%)。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.08-8.02(m,1H),7.51(m,1H),7.49-7.41(m,2H),7.43-7.28(m,3H),5.38(s,2H),2.22(s,3H)。
3-甲基-2-苯基甲氧基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)吡啶(3-Methyl-2-phenylmethoxy-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine)
应用通用方法A,使用乙酸钾(147mg,1.50mmol),双-(频哪醇)-二硼(191mg,0.75mmol)和双(二苯基膦)二茂铁二氯钯(II)与二氯甲烷(42mg,0.05mmol)的复合物,将其加入121的无水溶液(140mgg,0.50mmol)中。获得为浅黄色固体的产物(137mg,84%)。ESI-MS:m/z:326.1929[M+H]+;1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.41(m,1H),7.78(m,1H),7.47(m,2H),7.42-7.28(m,3H),5.46(s,2H),2.23(s,3H),1.34(s,12H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.11,151.51,144.46,137.85,128.48,127.70,127.68,120.18,83.87,67.49,24.97,15.81。
4-(4-羟基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-7-羟基喹啉(66)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-hydroxyl-quinoline(66))
在冰浴中冷却的68(26mg,0.10mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液,并用1M BBr3的二氯甲烷(500uL,0.50mmol)溶液逐滴处理,将所得溶液在冰浴中搅拌30分钟,在室温下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物用水稀释,用NaHCO3调节至pH 6,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(16mg,63%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:275.0787[M+Na]+;纯度:98.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.87(s,1H),10.30(s,1H),8.71(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.79(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=2.6,1.3Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.23-7.08(m,2H),2.06(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ162.20,158.43,150.23,150.17,143.28,138.96,132.57,128.59,126.52,120.10,119.46,118.27,114.98,110.63,16.53。
4-(4-甲氧基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-7-甲氧基-喹啉(67)(4-(4-Methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-methoxyl-quinoline(67))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-7-甲氧基-喹诺酮(177mg,0.91mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2)-基)-苯酚(228mg,0.92mmol),K2CO3(379mg,2.74mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)(37mg,0.05mmol),以得到浅黄色固体(142mg,56%)。ESI-MS m/z 281.1288[M+H]+;纯度:96.7%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.94-7.87(m,2H),7.55(dd,J=2.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.46(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.32-7.24(m,2H),3.94(s,3H),3.54(s,3H),2.10(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ161.77,160.04,150.39,150.14,143.26,137.93,137.40,127.67,126.56,120.92,119.44,119.08,114.44,107.90,55.53,37.28,16.98。
4-(4-羟基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-7-甲氧-基喹啉(68)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-methoxyl-quinoline(68))
将化合物70(33mg,0.09mmol)溶解在乙醇中,加入碳载钯(10mg,0.01mmol),并于室温和H2气氛中搅拌过夜。过滤不溶物,并将滤液真空浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶柱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(18mg,75%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:267.1139[M+H]+;纯度:98.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.91(s,1H),8.80(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.85(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.55(dd,J=2.6,1.2Hz,1H),7.47(dd,J=2.6,0.8Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.29-7.25(m,2H),3.93(s,3H),2.06(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ162.20,160.00,150.41,150.12,143.37,138.91,132.72,128.66,126.43,120.96,119.40,119.06,114.78,107.92,55.52,16.53。
7-羟基-4-(4-甲氧基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-喹啉(69)(7-Hydroxyl-4-(4-methoxy-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-quinoline(69))
将67(18mg,0.06mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(3mL)溶液在冰浴中冷却,并用1M BBr3的二氯甲烷溶液(36uL,0.36mmol)逐滴处理,将得到的溶液在冰浴中搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物用水稀释并用NaHCO3调节至pH 6,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(12mg,70%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:267.1134[M+H]+;纯度:91.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.26(s,1H),8.73(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),7.93-7.79(m,2H),7.54(dd,J=2.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.25-7.13(m,2H),3.53(s,3H),2.09(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ161.82,158.43,150.26,150.19,143.21,138.03,137.31,127.65,126.72,120.12,119.50,118.36,114.69,110.62,37.33,17.03。
4-(4-苄基-5-甲基吡啶-3-基)-7-甲氧基-喹啉(70)(4-(4-Benzyl-5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-7-methoxyl-quinoline(70))
应用通用方法B,使用4-氯-7-甲氧基-喹诺酮(82mg,0.42mmol),121(137mg,0.42mmol),K2CO3(175mg,1.26mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基))二茂铁]二氯钯(II)(34mg,0.04mmol),得到浅黄色固体(41mg,27%)。ESI-MS m/z:357.1597[M+H]+;纯度:98.1%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.85(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),8.15(dt,J=2.4,0.7Hz,1H),7.81(dd,J=9.2,1.1Hz,1H),7.57(dt,J=2.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.55-7.48(m,3H),7.44-7.40(m,2H),7.36-7.32(m,1H),7.20-7.16(m,2H),5.50(s,2H),3.97(s,3H),2.34(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.16,160.70,150.36,145.14,144.23,139.73,137.66,128.59,127.88,127.75,127.33,126.74,121.05,120.00,119.95,119.62,107.90,67.82,55.69,16.15。
4-(4-羟基丁氧基-3-甲基苯基)-7-苯基-喹啉(71)(4-(4-Hydroxy-butoxy-3-methylphenyl)-7-phenyl-quinoline(71))
将61(100mg,0.38mmol),4-溴-1-醇的溶液(70mg,0.46mmol),NaH(19mg,0.79mmol)在二恶烷中的溶液,于100加热过夜。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。将粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%)得到黄色固体状纯产物(54mg,42%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:338.1764[M+H]+;纯度:92.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.83(s,1H),7.88(dd,J=9.3,1.8Hz,1H),7.48(s,1H),7.32-7.27(m,2H),7.21-7.12(m,2H),6.94(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),4.10(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.97(s,3H),3.78(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.31(s,3H),2.02-1.91(m,2H),1.83(dq,J=9.6,6.4Hz,2H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.37,157.33,150.52,150.13,148.37,131.79,131.74,129.99,128.05,127.24,127.03,119.44,110.70,110.64,107.55,67.86,62.63,55.54,29.62,25.89,16.42。
4-(4-甲酰基-3-甲基苯基)喹啉(72)(4-(4-Formyl-3-methylphenyl)quinoline(72))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-喹诺酮(104mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯甲醛(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde)(123mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol)得到浅黄色固体(94mg,71%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:248.1077[M+H]+;纯度:97.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ10.38(s,1H),9.03-8.96(m,1H),8.20(dt,J=8.5,0.9Hz,1H),7.97(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=8.5,1.3Hz,1H),7.76(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.53(m,2H),7.44-7.39(m,1H),7.35(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),2.78(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ192.39,150.03,148.73,147.27,143.42,141.10,134.03,133.04,132.32,130.13,129.76,127.72,127.18,126.36,125.58,121.23,19.88。
4-(4-乙酰基-3-甲基苯基)喹啉(73)(4-(4-Acetyl-3-methylphenyl)quinoline(73))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-喹诺酮(104mg,0.50mmol),1-[2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯基]乙酮(l-[2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]ethanone)(130mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.50mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(87mg,产率67%)。ESI-MS m/z:262.1226[M+H]+;纯度:97.0%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.96(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.19(dt,J=8.6,0.9Hz,1H),7.91-7.83(m,2H),7.75(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.53(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.45-7.39(m,2H),7.33(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),2.67(s,3H),2.63(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ201.44,150.04,148.72,147.50,141.27,139.08,137.53,133.25,130.07,129.75,129.67,127.04,126.53,125.70,121.26,29.81,21.89。
4-(4-氨基-3-甲基苯基)喹啉(74)(4-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)quinoline(74))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-喹诺酮(104mg,0.50mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-氨(2-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-amline)(116mg,0.50mmol),K2CO3(208mg,1.50mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(19mg,0.03mmol),得到浅黄色固体(88mg,75%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:235.1237[M+H]+;纯度:95.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.90(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.14(ddd,J=8.5,1.4,0.7Hz,1H),8.05(ddd,J=8.5,1.5,0.6Hz,1H),7.71(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.49(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.25-7.19(m,2H),6.82(dd,J=7.9,0.5Hz,1H),2.27(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ150.02,148.83,148.79,145.05,131.77,129.75,129.10,128.47,128.01,127.07,126.25,126.20,122.28,121.13,114.74,17.50。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)喹啉(75)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)quinoline(75))
将37(24mg,0.10mmol),Mel(28mg,0.2mmol),NaH(24mg,0.60mmol),二恶烷(3mL)和H2O(1mL)的溶液在100℃加热过夜。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。干燥有机相并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到为黄色固体的标题化合物(18mg,68%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:250.1235[M+H]+;纯度:92.4%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.91(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.13-8.06(m,1H),7.96-7.91(m,1H),7.78(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.4Hz,1H),7.59(ddd,J=8.3,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.39-7.35(m,2H),7.14(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.88(s,3H),2.25(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ157.68,150.10,148.25,147.34,131.44,129.51,129.30,129.05,128.30,126.75,126.13,126.03,125.59,121.33,110.47,55.45,16.10。
3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)喹啉(76)(3-(4-Hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)quinoline(76))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴喹啉(72mg,0.35mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(54mg,0.23mmol),Na2CO3(73mg,0.69mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(9mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(47mg,86%产率)。ESI-MSm/z:236.1082[M+H]+;纯度:98.9%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.15(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.27-8.22(m,1H),8.13(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.88-7.84(m,1H),7.70(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.5Hz,1H),7.57(ddd,J=8.0,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.53-7.49(m,1H),7.45(dd,J=8.2,2.4Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.38(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.76,149.90,146.87,138.87,133.95,132.68,130.23,129.28,129.08,128.39,128.03,127.16,126.27,125.13,115.82,16.20。
2-甲基-1-喹啉-4-基丙-2-醇(77)(2-Methyl-l-quinolin-4-ylpropan-2-ol(77))
在氩气气氛下,将哌啶(67uL,0.50mmol)的THF溶液冷却至-78℃,然后向其中滴加丁基锂的己烷溶液(375uL,0.6mmol),然后在相同温度下搅拌1小时。将丙酮(29mg,0.50mmol)的THF溶液(10ml)缓慢滴加到该混合物中,然后在78℃下搅拌2小时,再在0℃下搅拌1小时。将反应溶液倒入水中,并将混合物用乙醚萃取。有机层用饱和食盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸镁干燥后,减压除去溶剂。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱法纯化(氯仿乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到化合物(52mg,51%)。ESI-MS m/z:202.1237[M+H]+;纯度:95.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.85(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.16(dd,J=17.9,8.5Hz,2H),7.77-7.67(m,1H),7.63-7.53(m,1H),7.33(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),3.30(s,2H),1.32(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.81,148.79,144.34,130.32,129.25,128.82,126.44,125.01,123.87,71.66,44.66,30.11。
(4-羟基苯基)喹啉-1-基-甲酮(78)((4-Hydroxyphenyl)quinolin-l-yl-methanone(78))
将亚硫酰氯(2mL)中的4-喹啉酸(13mg,1.00mmol)在100℃下搅拌1.5h。减压除去过量的SOC12,并将苯甲醚(108mg,1.00mmol)加入到黄色残余物中。在冰浴中冷却后,添加AlCl3(400mg,3.00mol),并使混合物缓慢回到室温。然后将溶液加热至90℃并搅拌4h。通过将反应混合物缓慢倒入400mL的4.2%w/v HCl/冰水溶液中来淬灭反应。加入Na2CO3使pH达到4,然后加入饱和NaOH水溶液达到有机层用CHCl3萃取,并用MgSO4干燥。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/甲醇,0-20%),得到为浅黄色固体(46mg,17%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:264.1035[M+H]+;纯度:97.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.02(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),8.19(ddd,J=8.6,1.3,0.7Hz,1H),7.87-7.80(m,3H),7.76(ddd,J=8.4,6.9,1.4Hz,1H),7.52(ddd,J=8.3,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),6.97-6.91(m,2H),3.88(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ194.67,164.65,149.67,148.67,145.26,132.90,130.13,130.06,129.73,127.65,125.63,125.20,119.38,114.20,55.76。
4-[羟基(7-甲氧基喹啉-4-基)甲基]-2-甲基苯甲醚(79)(4-[hydroxy(7-methoxylquinolin-4-yl)methyl]-2-methylanisole(79))
在-78℃下将4-溴-7-甲氧基喹啉(204mg,0.86mmol)溶于无水THF中,缓慢加入正丁基锂。将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌2h,然后缓慢加入3-甲基-4-茴香醛(257mg,1.72mmol),将混合物缓慢温热至室温并搅拌过夜。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到黄色固体产物(243mg,91%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:310.1444[M+H]+;纯度:99.6%。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.89(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.77(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J=4.5,0.9Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),7.15-7.02(m,3H),6.75(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),6.39(s,1H),3.92(s,3H),3.79(s,3H),2.16(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.05,157.80,150.33,148.58,133.87,129.80,126.07,125.09,120.63,119.78,116.29,110.08,72.69,55.64,55.48,16.48。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苄基)-7-甲氧基-喹啉(80)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-methylbenzyl)-7-methoxyl-quinoline(80))
在0OC的氮气氛围中,通过注射器将三氟乙酸(331mg,2.90mmol),三乙基硅烷(101mg,0.87mmol)和三氟甲磺酸(5mg,0.03mmol)依次添加到79(91mg,0.29mmol)的无水二氯甲烷溶液中。将所得溶液在室温下搅拌过夜。之后,将反应混合物分离,并将水层用二氯甲烷(2×30mL)萃取。合并的有机层用NaHCO3水溶液和盐水洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,并真空浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物(81mg,95%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:294.1500;纯度:95.4%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.73(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.93(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.18(dd,J=9.2,2.5Hz,1H),7.02(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),6.97-6.93(m,2H),6.76-6.72(m,1H),4.30(s,2H),3.95(s,3H),3.80(s,3H),2.17(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.40,156.56,150.61,150.16,147.34,131.30,131.26,130.35,127.09,127.00,125.22,120.07,119.61,110.12,107.96,55.62,55.46,37.47,16.39。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)-7-羟基喹啉(81)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-3-methylbenzyl)-7-hydroxyl-quinoline(81))
将80(86mg,0.30mmol)的无水二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液冷却至-78OC,并用1M BBr3的二氯甲烷(0.90mL)溶液逐滴处理,并将所得溶液在相同温度下搅拌5分钟,再在0OC下搅拌1小时。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到为黄色固体(47mg,59%产率)的产物。ESI-MSm/z:266.1188[M+H]+;纯度:97.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.12(s,1H),9.12(s,1H),8.63(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),8.02(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.13(dd,J=9.1,2.5Hz,1H),7.06(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.85(dd,J=8.1,2.3Hz,1H),6.67(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),4.22(s,2H),2.04(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.13,153.80,150.30,149.66,147.37,130.91,129.22,126.90,125.81,123.80,121.17,119.06,118.91,114.57,110.48,36.45,16.06。
4-(喹啉-4-基氨基)-2-甲基茴香醚(82)(4-(Quinolin-4-ylamino)-2-methylanisole(82))
将4-溴喹啉(104mg,0.50mmol),4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯胺(4-methoxy-3-methylaniline)(103mg,0.75mmol),氢化钠(60mg,1.50mmol)的混合物在DMF中于100℃加热过夜。将混合物用EtOAc稀释,并用饱和NaHCO3水溶液洗涤,干燥(Na2SO4),过滤并浓缩。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,0-10%),得到浅黄色固体(107mg,81%)。ESI-MS m/z:265.1347[M+H]+;纯度:97.6%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.81(s,1H),8.47-8.29(m,2H),7.84(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.67(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.3Hz,1H),7.50(ddd,J=8.2,6.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.24-7.13(m,2H),7.05-6.95(m,1H),6.62(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),3.81(s,3H),2.18(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ154.59,150.42,149.17,148.54,132.27,129.15,128.90,126.79,126.59,124.34,122.88,121.95,119.15,110.98,100.26,55.44,16.10。
3-戊基喹啉-2-胺(83)(3-Pentyl-quinoline-2-amine(83))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴萘-2-胺(44mg,0.20mmol),正戊基硼酸(23mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(83mg,0.60mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(13mg,30%)。纯度:97.6%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.69(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.60(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.51(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.28-7.22(m,1H),2.58(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.79-1.65(m,2H),1.40(q,J=3.7Hz,4H),0.98-0.89(t,9.0Hz,3H)。
5-戊基-7-甲氧基喹啉(84)(5-Pentyl-7-methoxylquinoline(84))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴-7-甲氧基喹啉(48mg,0.20mmol),正戊基硼酸(23mg,0.20mmol),KH2PO4(83mg,0.60mmol),Pd(OAc)2(5mg,0.02mmol)和SPhos(10mg,0.02mmol),得到浅黄色固体(35mg,85%)。ESI-MS:m/z 230.1558[M+H]+;纯度:88.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.71(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.20(dd,J=9.2,2.6Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.95(s,3H),3.07-2.91(m,2H),1.82-1.66(m,2H),1.46-1.30(m,4H),0.90(t,J=6.7Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ160.43,150.25,149.91,149.29,124.94,122.82,119.45,119.11,107.81,55.65,32.35,31.96,30.07,22.64,14.14。
3-戊基喹啉(85)(3-Pentyl-quinoline(85))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴-喹啉(42mg,0.20mmol),正戊基硼酸(23mg,0.20mmol),KH2PO4(83mg,0.60mmol)和Pd(OAc)2(5mg,0.02mmol),SPhos(10mg,0.02mmol),得到浅黄色固体(23mg,58%)。ESI-MS m/z:200.1441[M+H]+;纯度:99.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ8.77(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),8.08(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.90(s,1H),7.75(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,1H),7.64(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.5Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),2.78(t,2H),1.71(p,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.35(m,4H),0.93-0.87(m,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ152.21,146.79,135.50,134.25,129.17,128.60,128.29,127.40,126.6,33.28,31.46,30.93,22.60,14.12。
4-溴喹啉-2-基胺(124)(4-Bromo-quinolin-2-ylamine(124))
将2-氨基-4-喹啉醇(60mg,0.37mmol)在PBr3(5mL)中于90OC搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(46mg,56%)的标题化合物。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ7.99(ddd,J=8.3,1.5,0.7Hz,1H),7.64(ddd,J=8.4,1.5,0.6Hz,1H),7.60(ddd,J=8.3,6.6,1.4Hz,1H),7.35(ddd,J=8.2,6.6,1.5Hz,1H),7.08(s,1H)。
2-氨基-4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-喹啉(86)(2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)-quinoline(86))
使用124(60mg,0.34mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(79mg,0.34mmol),K2CO3(140mg,1.01mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(14mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(43mg,51%)。ESI-MS m/z:251.1191[M+H]+;纯度:98.2%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.65(s,1H),7.59(dd,J=8.2,1.3Hz,1H),7.53-7.43(m,2H),7.18(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz,1H),7.11(ddd,J=8.2,4.6,2.0Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.62(s,1H),6.46(s,2H),2.19(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ157.82,155.70,148.71,148.52,131.35,128.96,128.40,127.58,125.58,125.40,124.16,121.65,121.25,114.62,111.83,16.09。
2-氨基-4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-喹啉(87)(2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-quinoline(87))
应用通用方法B,使用4-溴萘-2-胺(46mg,0.21mmol),2,4-二甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(50mg,0.21mmol),K2CO3(29mg,0.21mmol)和[1,1’-双(二苯基磷)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(26mg,49%)。ESI-MS m/z:265.1346[M+H]+;纯度:97.7%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.56(s,1H),7.64-7.41(m,3H),7.11(ddd,J=8.3,6.5,1.6Hz,1H),7.03(s,2H),6.61(s,1H),6.47(s,2H),2.24(s,6H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ157.76,153.49,148.78,148.33,128.97,128.94,128.69,128.48,125.47,125.45,124.39,121.64,121.26,111.83,16.72。
2-氨基-3-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-喹啉(88)(2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)-quinoline(88))
应用通用方法B,使用3-溴萘-2-胺(45mg,0.20mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(83mg,0.60mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(42mg,84%)。ESI-MS m/z:251.1192[M+H]+;纯度:98.5%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.56(s,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.67(dt,J=8.0,1.1Hz,1H),7.52-7.43(m,2H),7.22(dd,J=2.4,0.9Hz,1H),7.20-7.09(m,2H),6.89(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),6.01-5.91(m,2H),2.18(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.07,155.36,146.86,135.94,131.01,128.85,127.92,127.49,127.04,125.04,124.80,124.49,123.67,121.57,115.02,16.14。
2-氨基-4-(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-3-戊基喹啉(89)(2-Amino-4-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-pentylquinoline(89))
应用通用方法B,使用2-氨基-4-三氟甲氧基1-3戊基喹啉(2-amino-4-trifluromethoxyl-3-pentylquinoline)(41mg,0.12mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2)-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(23mg,0.10mmol),K2CO3(27mg,0.30mmol)和[l,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(18mg,47%)。ESI-MSm/z:321.1967[M+H]+;纯度:98.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.48(s,1H),7.47(dt,J=8.3,1.0Hz,1H),7.38(ddd,J=8.3,5.3,3.0Hz,1H),7.04-6.97(m,2H),6.93-6.88(m,2H),6.83(dd,J=8.1,2.1Hz,1H),6.32(s,2H),2.41-2.30(m,2H),2.17(s,3H),1.38(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),1.19-1.06(m,4H),0.79-0.72(t,J=7.6Hz,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ157.35,155.17,147.05,139.29,131.64,128.38,127.89,127.79,126.48,125.13,124.28,124.22,122.59,121.45,114.85,31.62,28.25,28.20,22.10,16.48,14.22。
4-氯-3-硝基喹啉(126)(4-Chloro-3-nitroquinoline(126))
将3-硝基-4-喹啉醇(95mg,0.50mmol)在POC13(5mL)中于90OC搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(82mg,79%)的标题化合物。1HNMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δ9.28(s,1H),8.45(ddd,J=8.5,1.4,0.6Hz,1H),8.23(ddd,J=8.5,1.3,0.7Hz,1H),7.97(ddd,J=8.5,7.0,1.5Hz,1H),7.87-7.80(m,1H)。
4-(4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)-3-硝基喹啉(90)(4-(4-Hydroxyl-3-methylphenyl)-3-nitro-quinoline(90))
应用通用方法,使用126(42mg,0.20mmol),2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-苯酚(47mg,0.20mmol),K2CO3(83mg,0.60mmol)和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)(10mg,0.01mmol),得到浅黄色固体(38mg,68%)。ESI-MS m/z:279.0777[M-H]—;纯度:99.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.88(s,1H),9.34(s,1H),8.20(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.97(ddd,J=8.4,5.5,2.9Hz,1H),7.78-7.68(m,2H),7.12(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.08-7.04(m,1H),6.96(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),2.18(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.50,148.33,144.19,142.40,142.37,132.28,130.96,129.44,128.87,127.87,127.51,126.29,124.55,121.71,114.85,16.02。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-3-硝基喹啉(91)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-3-nitro-quinoline(91))
将90(140mg,0.50mmol),Mel,NaH和二恶烷(3mL)的溶液在100℃加热过夜。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到为黄色固体的纯产物(128mg,87%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:293.0883[M+H]+;纯度:95.1%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.38(s,1H),8.22(ddd,J=8.4,1.3,0.6Hz,1H),7.99(ddd,J=8.4,6.8,1.6Hz,1H),7.74(ddd,J=8。1,6.7,1.3Hz,1H),7.68(ddd,J=8.5,1.6,0.7Hz,1H),7.28-7.21(m,2H),7.14(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),3.89(s,3H),2.22(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.02,148.34,144.26,142.25,142.14,132.37,130.63,129.45,128.93,127.82,127.76,126.23,126.13,123.22,110.49,55.45,16.09。
4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-3-硝基喹啉一氧化物(92)(4-(4-Methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-3-nitro-quinoline1-oxide(92))
将91(60mg,0.20mmol)与mCPBA(52mg,0.30mmol)在DCM中搅拌过夜,然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残留物通过硅胶快速柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为浅黄色固体(45mg,73%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z 311.1034[M+H]+;纯度:99.5%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.26(s,1H),8.66(dd,J=8.7,1.2Hz,1H),8.02(ddd,J=8.6,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.84(ddd,J=8.3,6.9,1.3Hz,1H),7.73-7.69(m,1H),7.25-7.20(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),3.88(s,3H),2.21(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.01,142.80,142.08,132.82,131.10,130.70,130.68,129.87,128.99,128.52,128.25,126.15,122.76,119.28,110.53,55.45,16.09。
2-氨基-4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-喹啉(93)(2-Amino-4-(4-methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-quinoline(93))
向91(61mg,0.20mmol)的乙醇溶液加入Pd/C,并在氢气氛中于室温搅拌过夜。然后将混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机相干燥并浓缩。粗产物通过快速色谱法纯化(二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯0-10%),得到为黄色固体的纯产物(42mg,79%产率)。ESI-MS m/z:263.1191[M-H]-;纯度:99.3%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.57(s,1H),7.84-7.79(m,1H),7.37-7.28(m,2H),7.26-7.21(m,1H),7.16-7.06(m,3H),5.09(s,2H),3.87(s,3H),2.22(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ156.92,143.44,141.38,138.87,131.87,128.94,128.61,128.39,126.44,125.88,123.78,123.43,122.70,110.96,55.31,16.21。
2-羟基-4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-3-硝基喹啉(94)(2-Hydroxyl-4-(4-methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-3-nitro-quinoline(94))
将92(62mg,0.20mmol)在POC13(5mL)中于90OC搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。然后将中间体溶解在DMF/H2O(3mL/1mL)中,并加入NaOH(40mg,0.20mmol),将混合物在90℃搅拌过夜。中和反应物,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(22mg,79%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:311.1030[M+H]+;纯度:92.9%。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.83(s,1H),7.69(dddd,J=8.4,5.6,2.6,1.4Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.30-7.16(m,4H),7.11(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),3.86(s,3H),2.19(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ158.41,153.98,142.94,141.78,138.17,132.72,130.24,128.21,127.46,126.31,123.40,121.67,117.61,116.23,110.56,55.47,16.05。
3-氨基-4-(4-甲氧基-3-甲基苯基)-2-N,N-二甲基-喹啉(95)(3-Amino-4-(4-methoxyl-3-methylphenyl)-2-N,N-dimethyl-quinoline(95))
将94(62mg,0.20mmol)在POC13(5mL)中在90℃下搅拌过夜。然后将反应用饱和碳酸钠溶液淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。然后将中间体溶于DMF(3mL)中,并加入二甲胺(9mg,0.20mmol),将混合物在90℃搅拌过夜。中和反应物,并用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取。合并的有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。将残余物通过硅胶快速柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷/乙酸乙酯,10-100%),得到为白色固体(52mg,77%)的标题化合物。ESI-MS m/z:308.1758[M+H]+;纯度:98.8%。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.67(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.35-7.27(m,1H),7.20-7.06(m,5H),3.90-3.82(s,3H),2.88(s,6H),2.23(s,3H)。13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ157.01,153.91,140.10,132.30,132.05,128.82,127.13,126.55,126.49,126.47,124.91,124.34,124.07,123.31,111.05,55.36,40.88,16.23。
已经出于说明和描述的目的给出了本发明的前述实施例。此外,这些实施例并不旨在将本发明限制为本文公开的形式。因此,与本发明的描述的教导以及相关领域的技术或知识相对应的变化和修改在本发明的范围内。本文提供的实施例中描述的具体实施方案旨在进一步解释已知的用于实施本发明的最佳模式,并使本领域的其他技术人员能够在这样的或其他实施方案中并进行本发明的特定应用或用途所需的各种修改而利用本发明。旨在将所附权利要求解释为包括现有技术所允许的程度的替代实施例。
就所附权利要求书在起草时没有多重依赖性的程度而言,这样做仅是为了适应不允许这种多重依赖性的管辖区域的形式要求。应当指出,明确设想了通过使权利要求倍增从属关系所隐含的特征的所有可能组合,并且应将其视为本发明的一部分。
Claims (10)
1.一种化合物,包括化学式:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1,R3和R4独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,C2-4炔基,C1-4烷氧基,或任选被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR5,SR5,NR3R4,CO2R5,OC(=O)R5,杂芳基或其组合取代的C1-6烷基,或任选地被羟基,巯基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,硝基,OR7,SR7,NR5R6,C02R7或其组合取代的芳基或杂芳基;
R2为H,NR5R6或OR7;以及,
R5,R6和R7独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,芳基,杂芳基,或
被羟基,巯基,氨基,磺酸,羧酸,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,杂芳基或其组合取代的C1-6烷基,或R5和R6一起形成任选地被羟基或卤化物取代的杂环。
2.根据权利要求10所述的化合物,其中:
R1为H;
R2为H或-OH;且,
R3为H或-CH3。
3.一种化合物,其选自:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
4.一种化合物,其包括以下化学式:
或其药学上可接受的盐,其中:
R1为任选地被羟基,巯基,硝基,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,OR5,SR5,NR3R4,CO2R5或其组合取代的芳基或杂芳基;
R2是NR3R4或OR5;
R3,R4和R5独立地为H,C1-6烷基,C3-8环烷基,C2-4烯基,芳基,杂芳基或
被羟基,巯基,氨基,磺酸,羧酸,卤化物,C1-6烷基,C1-6烯基,C1-4烷氧基,杂芳基或其组合取代的C1-6烷基,或R3和R4一起形成任选地被羟基或卤化物取代的杂环。
5.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的化合物或者根据权利要求5所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗个体中TLR8依赖性免疫反应的药物中的用途;优选的,其中所述化合物或者药物组合物用于人类个体。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其中所述免疫反应与自身免疫疾病有关;或者,其中抑制免疫反应改善了自身免疫疾病的一种或多种症状;
优选的,其中所述自身免疫疾病选自由自身免疫引起的关节炎、自身免疫性胰腺炎、混合性结缔组织疾病、系统性红斑狼疮、抗磷脂综合征、肠易激综合征、I型糖尿病、干燥综合征、硬皮病、多发性硬化症、自身免疫性肝炎、斯蒂尔病、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、多发性肌炎、肾小球肾炎、硬化性胆管炎、自身免疫性皮肤病、葡萄膜炎、恶性贫血、甲状旁腺功能减退症、多血管炎重叠综合征、川崎病、结节病、垂体机能减退症和寒冷病;
更优选的,其中所述关节炎选自类风湿性关节炎、全身性关节炎和骨关节炎;所述自身免疫性皮肤病选自银屑病、白癜风、寻常型天疱疮和落叶型天疱疮。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其中所述自身免疫疾病与含RNA的免疫复合物有关。
9.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其中所述免疫反应与炎性疾病相关;或者,其中抑制所述免疫反应改善了炎性疾病的一种或多种症状;优选的,其中所述炎性疾病与TLR8的表达升高有关。
10.一种权利要求1-3中任一项所述化合物的制备方法,其包括:
方法一:
或者,方法二:
其中,所述R1、R2、R3如权利要求1-3中所定义;
优选的,试剂和条件为:(i)AlCl3,二氯乙烷,回流过夜;(ii)肼,EtOH,回流过夜;(iii)B2Pin2,KOAc,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,90℃;(iv)K2CO3,PdCl2dppf-CH2Cl2,1,4-二恶烷,H2O,90℃,过夜。
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