CN117567221A - Smokeless combustion composition, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Smokeless combustion composition, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
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- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
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- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无烟燃烧组合物、其制备方法及其应用，无烟燃烧组合物，包括有效成分：脱脂纤维素1‑90份；防潮剂1‑95份；无烟燃烧组合物不含水性液体；制备方法为将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40‑100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物；无烟燃烧组合物可用于制备烟火药；该组合物稳定性高，不吸潮，易保存，易燃烧且燃烧过程烟量极少。
The invention discloses a smokeless combustion composition, its preparation method and its application. The smokeless combustion composition includes active ingredients: 1-90 parts of defatted cellulose; 1-95 parts of moisture-proof agent; the smokeless combustion composition does not Aqueous liquid; the preparation method is to soak defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent, and then press filter; put the filtered material into water for solidification; grind the solidified material to 40-100 mesh to obtain a smokeless combustion composition ; The smokeless combustion composition can be used to prepare pyrotechnic powder; the composition has high stability, does not absorb moisture, is easy to store, is easy to burn, and produces very little smoke during the combustion process.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种无烟燃烧组合物、其制备方法及其应用，属于化工产品技术领域。The invention relates to a smokeless combustion composition, its preparation method and its application, and belongs to the technical field of chemical products.
背景技术Background technique
现在市场使用的单基粉是军工退役的单基管经过带水破碎后得到40目至100目粉状物料，但原料来源有限，满足不了市场需求。单基火药来源无法保障且量少，价高。而现有单基粉的生产的工业方法是采用乳化和塑化硝化棉的工艺生产。例如利用乙酸乙脂等作为溶剂在水中乳化固化，产品必定包裹水和溶剂且无法除去，且工艺复杂，生产效率低，制备后的粉状产品干燥后仍含有水和溶剂，产品燃烧速度慢，不易保存，达不到品质要求。从而导致现有的单基火药安全性能不能很好地控制，质量不稳定，无法满足烟花爆竹行业需求，影响烟花爆竹向安全环保方向转型升级。The single-base powder currently used in the market is a 40-mesh to 100-mesh powdery material obtained by crushing decommissioned single-base pipes from the military industry with water. However, the sources of raw materials are limited and cannot meet the market demand. The source of single-base gunpowder cannot be guaranteed, the quantity is small, and the price is high. The existing industrial method for the production of single base powder is to use the process of emulsification and plasticization of nitrocellulose. For example, if ethyl acetate is used as a solvent to emulsify and solidify in water, the product must be wrapped with water and solvent and cannot be removed. The process is complex and the production efficiency is low. The prepared powdered product still contains water and solvent after drying, and the product burns slowly. It is not easy to preserve and does not meet quality requirements. As a result, the safety performance of the existing single-base gunpowder cannot be well controlled, the quality is unstable, and it cannot meet the needs of the fireworks and firecrackers industry, affecting the transformation and upgrading of fireworks and firecrackers in the direction of safety and environmental protection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种无烟燃烧组合物，该组合物稳定性高，不吸潮，易保存，易燃烧且燃烧过程烟量极少。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the first object of the present invention is to provide a smokeless combustion composition that has high stability, does not absorb moisture, is easy to store, is easy to burn, and has very little smoke during the combustion process.
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种上述无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法，生产工艺简单，生产过程安全。The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned smokeless combustion composition, which has a simple production process and a safe production process.
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种上述无烟燃烧组合物的应用，可应用于烟花爆竹等燃烧需求的领域。The third object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned smokeless combustion composition, which can be used in fields with combustion requirements such as fireworks and firecrackers.
实现本发明的第一个目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：一种无烟燃烧组合物，包括按以下重量份计的有效成分：The first object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solution: a smokeless combustion composition, including the following active ingredients in parts by weight:
脱脂纤维素 1-90份；Defatted cellulose 1-90 parts;
防潮剂 1-95份；Moisture-proof agent 1-95 parts;
无烟燃烧组合物不含水。Smokeless combustion compositions do not contain water.
进一步地，防潮剂中包括硝化纤维素；硝化纤维素在防潮剂中的质量百分比为3-80％。Further, the moisture-proof agent includes nitrocellulose; the mass percentage of nitrocellulose in the moisture-proof agent is 3-80%.
进一步地，防潮剂中包括二苯胺；二苯胺在防潮剂中的质量百分比为1-2％。Further, the moisture-proof agent includes diphenylamine; the mass percentage of diphenylamine in the moisture-proof agent is 1-2%.
进一步地，防潮剂中包括溶剂。Furthermore, the moisture-proof agent includes a solvent.
进一步地，溶剂为无水乙醇、无水甲醇和无水丙酮中的至少一种。Further, the solvent is at least one of anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol and anhydrous acetone.
进一步地，无烟燃烧组合物还包括硝化纤维素，其重量份为1-80份。Further, the smokeless combustion composition also includes nitrocellulose, the weight part of which is 1-80 parts.
实现本发明的第二个目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：一种无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法，将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40-100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物；The second object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: a method for preparing a smokeless combustion composition, soaking defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent, and then filtering; putting the filtered material into Solidify in water; grind the solidified product to 40-100 mesh to obtain a smokeless combustion composition;
脱脂纤维素和防潮剂的重量份为：脱脂纤维素1-90份；防潮剂1-95份；The weight parts of defatted cellulose and moisture-proof agent are: 1-90 parts of defatted cellulose; 1-95 parts of moisture-proof agent;
无烟燃烧组合物不含水。Smokeless combustion compositions do not contain water.
进一步地，将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，加入硝化纤维素，然后进行压滤。Further, the defatted cellulose is soaked in a moisture-proof agent, nitrocellulose is added, and then filtered.
实现本发明的第三个目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到：一种无烟燃烧组合物的应用，将无烟燃烧组合物用于制备烟火药，如无烟发射药和开爆药等。The third object of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: application of a smokeless combustion composition, which is used to prepare pyrotechnic powder, such as smokeless propellant and detonating powder.
进一步地，烟火药包括无烟燃烧组合物、高氯酸铵和钛粉，其质量比为4:2:1。Further, the pyrotechnic powder includes a smokeless combustion composition, ammonium perchlorate and titanium powder, the mass ratio of which is 4:2:1.
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、本发明无烟燃烧组合物稳定性高，不吸潮，易保存，脱脂纤维素在氧气充足的情况下燃烧产生极少的烟，在烟花爆竹生产中有足够的氧化剂提供充够的氧，在燃放过程中脱脂纤维素反应产生极少的烟，促进烟花爆竹行业用料向安全环保转型升级；1. The smokeless combustion composition of the present invention has high stability, does not absorb moisture, and is easy to store. The defatted cellulose burns with sufficient oxygen to produce very little smoke. There are sufficient oxidants to provide sufficient oxygen in the production of fireworks and firecrackers. , the defatted cellulose reaction produces very little smoke during the discharge process, promoting the transformation and upgrading of materials used in the fireworks and firecracker industry to safety and environmental protection;
2、本发明无烟燃烧组合物的流动性好，磨擦感度、撞击感度、点火温度都符合烟花爆竹行业的标准；2. The smokeless combustion composition of the present invention has good fluidity, and its friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity and ignition temperature all meet the standards of the fireworks and firecracker industry;
3、本发明无烟燃烧组合物的制备工艺简单，生产过程安全。3. The preparation process of the smokeless combustion composition of the present invention is simple and the production process is safe.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为烟火药的燃烧状态图。Figure 1 is a diagram of the combustion state of pyrotechnic powder.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面，结合附图以及具体实施方式，对本发明做进一步描述：Below, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
一种无烟燃烧组合物，包括按以下重量份计的有效成分：A smokeless combustion composition includes the following active ingredients in parts by weight:
脱脂纤维素 1-90份；Defatted cellulose 1-90 parts;
防潮剂 1-95份；Moisture-proof agent 1-95 parts;
硝化纤维素 0-80份；Nitrocellulose 0-80 parts;
无烟燃烧组合物不含水。防潮剂对脱脂纤维素起粘合助燃和防潮作用，使无烟燃烧组合物具有流动性和可破碎作用。Smokeless combustion compositions do not contain water. The moisture-proof agent plays the role of binding, combustion-promoting and moisture-proofing to the defatted cellulose, making the smokeless combustion composition fluid and breakable.
防潮剂中包括硝化纤维素、二苯胺和溶剂；硝化纤维素和二苯胺在防潮剂中的质量百分比为3-80％、1-2％，溶剂为余量。溶剂为无水乙醇、无水甲醇和无水丙酮中的至少一种。The moisture-proof agent includes nitrocellulose, diphenylamine and solvent; the mass percentages of nitrocellulose and diphenylamine in the moisture-proof agent are 3-80% and 1-2%, and the solvent is the balance. The solvent is at least one of anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol and anhydrous acetone.
以无水乙醇、无水甲醇和无水丙酮中至少一种作为防潮剂的溶剂，二苯胺起到对硝化纤维素的安定作用，提高防潮剂中硝化纤维素的安全性能。At least one of anhydrous ethanol, anhydrous methanol and anhydrous acetone is used as the solvent of the moisture-proof agent. Diphenylamine plays a stabilizing effect on nitrocellulose and improves the safety performance of nitrocellulose in the moisture-proof agent.
无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法如下：The preparation method of the smokeless combustion composition is as follows:
将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中(如有硝化纤维素则加入硝化纤维素)，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40-100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物。将无烟燃烧组合物、高氯酸铵和钛粉按质量比为4:2:1进行复配，得到烟火药。Soak the defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent (add nitrocellulose if there is nitrocellulose), and then press filter; put the filtered material into water for solidification; crush the solidified material to 40-100 mesh to obtain Smokeless combustion compositions. The smokeless combustion composition, ammonium perchlorate and titanium powder are compounded at a mass ratio of 4:2:1 to obtain pyrotechnic powder.
实施例1：Example 1:
实施例1的无烟燃烧组合物，包括按以下重量份计的有效成分：The smokeless combustion composition of Example 1 includes the following active ingredients in parts by weight:
脱脂纤维素80份；80 parts of defatted cellulose;
防潮剂40份；40 parts of moisture-proof agent;
不含水；Does not contain water;
防潮剂中包括硝化纤维素65wt％、二苯胺1.6wt％和无水乙醇余量。The moisture-proof agent includes 65wt% nitrocellulose, 1.6wt% diphenylamine and the balance of absolute ethanol.
无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法：将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40-100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物。Preparation method of smokeless combustion composition: Soak defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent, and then carry out press filtering; put the filtered material into water for solidification; crush the solidified material to 40-100 mesh to obtain smokeless combustion combination.
实施例2：Example 2:
实施例2的无烟燃烧组合物，包括按以下重量份计的有效成分：The smokeless combustion composition of Example 2 includes the following active ingredients in parts by weight:
脱脂纤维素44份；44 parts of defatted cellulose;
防潮剂20份；20 parts of moisture-proof agent;
硝化纤维素65份；Nitrocellulose 65 parts;
不含水；Does not contain water;
防潮剂中包括硝化纤维素77wt％、二苯胺1.3wt％和无水甲醇余量。The moisture-proof agent includes 77wt% nitrocellulose, 1.3wt% diphenylamine and the balance of anhydrous methanol.
无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法：将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，加入硝化纤维素，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40-100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物。Preparation method of smokeless combustion composition: Soak defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent, add nitrocellulose, and then press filter; put the filtered material into water for solidification; crush the solidified material to 40-100 mesh , obtaining a smokeless combustion composition.
实施例3：Example 3:
实施例3的无烟燃烧组合物，包括按以下重量份计的有效成分：The smokeless combustion composition of Example 3 includes the following active ingredients in parts by weight:
脱脂纤维素65份；65 parts of defatted cellulose;
防潮剂30份；30 parts of moisture-proof agent;
硝化纤维素40份；40 parts of nitrocellulose;
不含水；Does not contain water;
防潮剂中包括硝化纤维素75wt％、二苯胺1.8wt％和无水乙醇与无水甲醇作为余量。The moisture-proof agent includes 75wt% nitrocellulose, 1.8wt% diphenylamine, and absolute ethanol and anhydrous methanol as the balance.
无烟燃烧组合物的制备方法：将脱脂纤维素浸泡于防潮剂中，加入硝化纤维素，然后进行压滤；将压滤后的物料放入水中进行固化；将固化物粉碎至40-100目，得到无烟燃烧组合物。Preparation method of smokeless combustion composition: Soak defatted cellulose in a moisture-proof agent, add nitrocellulose, and then press filter; put the filtered material into water for solidification; crush the solidified material to 40-100 mesh , obtaining a smokeless combustion composition.
将实施例1-3的无烟燃烧组合物、高氯酸铵和钛粉按质量比为4:2:1进行复配，得到烟火药1-3。The smokeless combustion composition of Example 1-3, ammonium perchlorate and titanium powder were compounded at a mass ratio of 4:2:1 to obtain pyrotechnic powder 1-3.
烟火药产品以AQ 4104-2008《烟花爆竹烟火药安全性能指标及测定方法》为标准进行检测，结果如表格1所示：Pyrotechnic products are tested according to AQ 4104-2008 "Safety Performance Indicators and Determination Methods of Fireworks and Firecracker Pyrotechnics". The results are shown in Table 1:
表格1烟火药的检测结果Table 1 Test results of pyrotechnic powder
由于烟火药的点火温度为170℃左右，其防潮剂中硝化纤维素含量比单基粉少，所以安全系数高。由于脱脂纤维素被防潮剂包裹，其吸湿率低。磨擦感度和撞击感度为0，烟火药完全可从烟花爆竹行业的质量标准，如图1所示，其燃烧时易燃烧、稳定性好，烟量极少。Since the ignition temperature of pyrotechnic powder is about 170°C, the moisture-proof agent contains less nitrocellulose than single-base powder, so the safety factor is high. Since defatted cellulose is wrapped with a moisture-proof agent, its moisture absorption rate is low. The friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity are 0, and the pyrotechnic powder completely complies with the quality standards of the fireworks and firecracker industry. As shown in Figure 1, it burns easily, has good stability, and has very little smoke.
对于本领域的技术人员来说，可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思，做出其它各种相应的改变以及变形，而所有的这些改变以及变形都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。For those skilled in the art, various other corresponding changes and modifications can be made based on the technical solutions and concepts described above, and all of these changes and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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