CN117567177A - Efficient humidity-regulating energy-saving building material, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient humidity-control energy-saving building material, its preparation method and application. The preparation method includes: step one, preparing a porous substrate; step two, immersing the porous substrate in a humidity-control solution for a period of time, taking out the porous substrate, and obtaining Efficient humidity control and energy-saving building materials, wherein the humidity control solution includes a humidity control composition, the humidity control composition includes at least three light metal salts and one other type of substance, the light metal salt is selected from calcium chloride, copper sulfate, potassium citrate, Sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium phenolate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium lactate, potassium carbonate, lithium bromide, sodium chloride, and other substances selected from xanthan gum, silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, hexameta Sodium phosphate.

Description

A high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building material, its preparation method and application

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of humidity control, and in particular to an efficient humidity control and energy-saving building material, its preparation method and application.

Background technique

At present, there are more than 8,000 museums in our country, but there are not many air-conditioning equipment installed to control the indoor temperature and humidity of the warehouses. my country is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent. The main climate characteristics of China are a significant monsoon climate, with cold and dry winters and humid and rainy summers. The four seasons alternate between spring, summer, autumn and winter. The winters are cold and dry, and the summers are humid and rainy. The four seasons alternate obviously, and the climate is complex and changeable. Since there are many factors that affect meteorological fluctuations, and the temperature and humidity change frequently, it is not ideal to rely solely on the natural environment to provide conditions for preserving cultural relics.

The current high-performance building materials (humidity-conditioning panels) used in museums or cultural relics warehouses are typical of Japanese Xionghei and Japanese JIC. Among them, Japan's JIC is a typical microporous dense calcium silicate board, with a humidity control capacity of Wa 80g/㎡ per square meter according to JC/T 2002-2009 (JC/T 2082-2011). Japan's Kumahira Curelite adopts a structure with a layer of humidity-regulating active ingredients attached to the substrate. The effective thickness of this layer is generally 3mm thick on the surface. According to JC/T 2002-2009 (JC/T2082-2011), the humidity is controlled per square meter. Amount Wa 140g/㎡. These humidity-controlling boards have a low humidity-controlling capacity per unit area, so the required laying area is correspondingly large and the cost is very high. In addition, Japan's JIC's humidity-conditioning panels have low strength and are fragile; while Japan's Xiongping's humidity-conditioning panels are similar to blankets and can bend under force.

In addition, the issue of fire extinguishing in museums or cultural relics warehouses is also an important factor to consider. If current conventional fire-extinguishing sticker products are used in museums or cultural relics warehouses, there may be problems with inorganic adhesives and flame retardants falling due to gravity and adhering to the surface of cultural relics, causing secondary pollution.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is developed to solve the above-mentioned problem of low humidity control per unit area of the humidity control board, and aims to provide an efficient humidity control and energy-saving building material, its preparation method and application.

The invention provides a method for preparing high-efficiency humidity-controlled energy-saving building materials, which has the following characteristics: step one: prepare a porous substrate; step two: immerse the porous substrate in a humidity-control solution for a period of time, take out the porous substrate, Efficient humidity-control energy-saving building materials are obtained, wherein the humidity-control solution includes a humidity-control composition, the humidity-control composition includes at least three light metal salts and one other type of substance, and the light metal salt is selected from calcium chloride, copper sulfate, and potassium citrate. , sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium phenolate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium lactate, potassium carbonate, lithium bromide, sodium chloride, and other substances selected from xanthan gum, silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, Sodium metaphosphate.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the porous substrate is a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules,

The materials for preparing the porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules include the following raw material components by weight: 20-23 parts of cement; 35-42 parts of tubular diatomite; 24-26 parts of quartz sand and 9-11 parts of sepiolite fiber; aluminum 0.2-0.6 parts of powder; 1.5-2.5 parts of mica; 150 parts of water; 8-12 parts of fire-extinguishing microcapsules.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein, preparing the porous substrate material containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules includes the following steps: adding diatomaceous earth, quartz sand, aluminum powder, and seawater. Mix the foam stone fiber, fire-extinguishing microcapsules and mica evenly to obtain a first mixture; mix cement and water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; gradually add the first mixture to the mixed solution, stir until it becomes a slurry, and then pour it into the mold , vibrate and smooth the surface, leave it for a period of time to solidify, take it out and dry, and obtain a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-regulated and energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are perfluorohexanone microcapsules, and the perfluorohexanone microcapsules include a shell and a The emulsion and shell include the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polypolymer, 30-40 parts of carrier liquid, 10-20 parts of temperature-sensitive powder, and 3-8 parts of stabilizer, in which the multipolymer is polyacrylic acid. The carrier liquid is any one or more of ester, polyvinyl alcohol, and polylactic acid. The carrier liquid is any one or more of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, polysiloxane, and polyvinyl alcohol. The temperature-sensitive powder is poly(vinyl alcohol). N-isopropylacrylamide or polycaprolactam, the stabilizer is sodium lauryl sulfate or potassium lauryl sulfate, the emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of water, sodium lauryl sulfate 12-18 parts, perfluorohexanone 330-400 parts.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the shell includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of polyacrylate, 35 parts of polysiloxane, 15 parts of polycaprolactam parts, 3-8 parts of potassium lauryl sulfate, and the emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 15 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 350 parts of perfluorohexanone.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the preparation process of perfluorohexanone microcapsules includes: dissolving perfluorohexanone in water and sodium dodecyl sulfate , an emulsion is obtained; a high-pressure homogenizer is used to homogenize the emulsion, and then an ultrasonic processor is used to perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain perfluorohexanone particles; the perfluorohexanone particles are wrapped in a shell through a microcapsule coating machine to obtain full Fluorohexanone microcapsules.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-control energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the humidity-control solution includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 330-360 parts of the humidity-control composition; and 650 parts of deionized water. -750 parts, wherein the humidity control composition includes sodium citrate, potassium carbonate, and lithium bromide in a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

In the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-control energy-saving building materials provided by the present invention, it can also have the following characteristics: wherein the humidity-control solution also includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2 parts of antibacterial agents, and the antibacterial agents include nano-silver and kason. , the preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials can also have such characteristics, and also include: step three, after the porous substrate taken out in step two is dried, the surface is evenly coated with an antifungal agent, and it is taken out after baking for a period of time. Exposed to the air for cooling, high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials that can sense temperature and extinguish fires are obtained. The surface of the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials is packaged with moisture-insulating materials for later use.

The invention also provides a method for preparing high-efficiency humidity-adjusting and energy-saving building materials, which has the following characteristics: it is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

The invention also provides an application of high-efficiency humidity control and energy-saving building materials, which is characterized in that it is used in a cultural relics warehouse or a cultural relics museum to keep the humidity between RH50% and RH55%.

The function and effect of the invention

According to the high-efficiency humidity-control energy-saving building materials, their preparation methods and applications involved in the present invention, the preparation method includes: step one, preparing a porous substrate; step two, immersing the porous substrate in a humidity-control solution for a period of time, taking out the porous substrate, and obtaining Efficient humidity control and energy-saving building materials, wherein the humidity control solution includes a humidity control composition, the humidity control composition includes at least three light metal salts and one other type of substance, the light metal salt is selected from calcium chloride, copper sulfate, potassium citrate, Humidity-controlling ability of high-efficiency humidity-control energy-saving building materials prepared by sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium phenolate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium lactate, and other substances selected from xanthan gum and potassium hydroxide. In 2002-2009 (JC/T 2082-2011), the humidity control capacity per square meter can reach 789g/㎡.

In addition, the strength of the high-efficiency humidity-controlling and energy-saving building materials in the present invention is greatly improved. It is not as fragile as the Japanese JIC humidity-controlling panels, nor is it as bendable under stress as the Japanese Kumahira-type humidity-conditioning panels. In other words, the present invention is Efficient humidity control and energy-saving building materials can be regarded as a multi-functional interior decorative panel, which greatly simplifies the decoration process.

In addition, when the porous substrate used is a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules, once a fire occurs, the fire-extinguishing microcapsules in the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials will automatically crack when heated to release the fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire. After the fire is extinguished, the fire-extinguishing microcapsules will be highly efficient in regulating humidity and saving energy. Building materials can still perform normal humidity control work because the internal pore structure of the substrate will be smoother and the humidity control effect will be better.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a physical photo of the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials in the test example of the present invention;

Figure 2 is the humidity control performance test results in the test examples of the present invention;

Figure 3 shows the humidity fluctuations in the non-bronze warehouse model room in the application example of the present invention;

Figure 4 shows the humidity changes in the warehouse after the air conditioner is shut down in winter in an application example of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make it easy to understand the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention, the following examples specifically describe the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials of the present invention, their preparation methods and applications in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

<Example>

This embodiment provides an efficient humidity control and energy-saving building material and a preparation method thereof.

The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials includes the following steps:

Step 1: Prepare a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules.

The materials for preparing the porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules include the following raw material components by weight: 22 parts of cement, 40 parts of tubular diatomite, 24.5 parts of quartz sand, 10 parts of sepiolite fiber, 0.5 parts of aluminum powder, and 2 parts of mica. , 150 parts of water, 8-12 parts of fire-extinguishing microcapsules.

Among them, the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are perfluorohexanone microcapsules with a diameter of less than 30um prepared by existing methods. The reason why fire-extinguishing microcapsules of this size are used is that the pore diameter of the tubular diatomite used as the main material is generally less than 300um, and the diameter of a single diatomite is 50μm, and the production cost of the microcapsules and the perfluorinated content of the microcapsules must also be taken into consideration. Content of hexanone fire extinguishing agent.

Fire-extinguishing microcapsules include a capsule shell and an emulsion wrapped in the capsule shell.

Among them, the capsule shell includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polypolymer, 30-40 parts of first carrier liquid, 10-20 parts of temperature-sensitive powder, and 3-8 parts of first stabilizer.

The multipolymer is any one or more of polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polylactic acid. These multipolymers have good wrapping properties and heat sensitivity.

The carrier liquid acts as a carrier to form the basis of the housing. This liquid should have good fluidity and stability, and water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, polysiloxane, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. are common choices.

The purpose of adding temperature-sensitive powder is to increase the heat sensitivity of the shell. The temperature-sensitive powder can be poly-N-isopropylacrylamide or polycaprolactam. These powders undergo a phase change at 120°C, rupturing the shell.

The purpose of adding stabilizers is to maintain the stability and durability of the shell. The stabilizer is sodium lauryl sulfate or potassium lauryl sulfate.

The emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight:

90-110 parts of water, 12-18 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 330-400 parts of perfluorohexanone.

Preferably, the capsule shell includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of polyacrylate, 35 parts of polysiloxane, 15 parts of polycaprolactam, and 3-8 parts of potassium lauryl sulfate. The emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 15 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, and 350 parts of perfluorohexanone.

The preparation process of perfluorohexanone microcapsules includes:

Step S1-1, dissolve perfluorohexanone in water and sodium lauryl sulfate according to the above ratio to obtain an emulsion;

Step S1-2, use a high-pressure homogenizer to homogenize the emulsion to make its particles more refined, and then use an ultrasonic processor to perform ultrasonic treatment to disperse the perfluorohexanone emulsion into small particles to obtain perfluorohexanone particles. ;

In step S1-3, the perfluorohexanone microparticles are wrapped in the above-mentioned capsule shell through a microcapsule coating machine to obtain perfluorohexanone microcapsules. The mass of the capsule shell in the perfluorohexanone microcapsules is not greater than 35% of the total mass of the perfluorohexanone microcapsules and not less than 18% of the total mass of the perfluorohexanone microcapsules.

Steps S1-3 include the following sub-steps:

Step S1-3-1: Put the carrier liquid into the reaction chamber of the microcapsule wrapping machine. Step S1-3-2: Add the polypolymer into the reaction chamber according to the above ratio, and stir thoroughly until evenly dispersed. Step S1-3-3: Add the temperature-sensitive powder into the reaction chamber according to the above ratio, and stir thoroughly again to ensure that the temperature-sensitive powder is evenly dispersed in the liquid. Step S1-3-4: Add the stabilizer into the reaction chamber according to the above ratio, and continue stirring and mixing to make the stabilizer evenly dispersed in the liquid. Step S1-3-5, adjust the temperature of the microcapsule wrapping machine so that it can form a solid shell. Step S1-3-6: Add perfluorohexanone particles with a diameter of less than 200 nanometers into the reaction chamber to ensure that they are evenly dispersed in the liquid. S1-3-7, use the wrapping mode of the microcapsule wrapping machine to wrap small particles with liquid and form a heat-sensitive shell. S1-3-8, after completing the wrapping, collect the capsules and dry them to remove any residual moisture or solvent to obtain perfluorohexanone microcapsules.

In addition, a particle size analyzer was used to test the particle size of the prepared perfluorohexanone microcapsules to ensure that it did not exceed 300 nm. A thermogravimetric analyzer was used to measure the thermal stability and thermal degradation temperature of the prepared perfluorohexanone microcapsules to ensure that they meet fire extinguishing requirements.

Considering that perfluorohexanone is easy to volatilize, liquid perfluorohexanone microcapsules should be wrapped at room temperature. The storage place needs to turn on the air conditioning and control it at 20 degrees Celsius, and the operating environment should be maintained at 26 degrees Celsius (perfluorohexanone is soluble in water at 25 degrees Celsius). ketone).

In addition, a trace amount of sodium bicarbonate can be added to the above emulsion as needed. The thermal decomposition temperature of sodium bicarbonate is low, which can reduce the induced rupture temperature (from 120℃ to about 85℃) and assist perfluorohexanone to break through the capsule. The effect of cavities inside the shell and high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials. For example, when the thickness of high-efficiency humidity-controlling and energy-saving building materials is less than or equal to 6mm, sodium bicarbonate can be added or not; when the thickness of high-efficiency humidity-controlling and energy-saving building materials is greater than 6mm, sodium bicarbonate must be added, which can offset the internal discomfort caused by excessive thickness. Temperature hysteresis factors and clear the internal cavity structure.

The specific preparation process of the porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules is as follows:

Step S2-1, mix diatomite, quartz sand, aluminum powder, sepiolite fiber, fire-extinguishing microcapsules and mica according to the above proportions to obtain a first mixture;

Step S2-2, mix cement and water evenly according to the above ratio to obtain a mixed solution;

Step S2-3: Gradually add the first mixture to the mixed solution, stir until it becomes a slurry, then pour it into the mold, shake it and make the surface smooth, leave it for about 24 hours to solidify, take it out and wait until it is completely dry. After transparency, a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules is obtained, with a thickness not exceeding 9 mm.

Step 2: Dip the porous substrate containing the fire-extinguishing microcapsules prepared in step 1 into the humidity-controlling solution, ensuring that the liquid level completely covers the surface of the board, and wait for 15-20 minutes. During this period, there will be a constant buzzing sound of displaced air. After the impregnation is completed, take out the porous substrate.

Among them, the humidity-controlling solution includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 350 parts of the humidity-controlling composition, 700 parts of deionized water, and 2 parts of the antibacterial agent.

Wherein, the humidity-conditioning composition includes at least three light metal salts and one other type of substance. The light metal salts are selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, copper sulfate, potassium citrate, sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium phenolate, and ammonium chloride. Potassium chloride, ammonium lactate, potassium carbonate, lithium bromide, sodium chloride, and other substances are selected from xanthan gum, silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium hexametaphosphate.

By adjusting the type, quantity, and proportion of the light metal salt, as well as adjusting the types of other substances, the moisture-conditioning critical point of the finally prepared elastic moisture-conditioning composition can be changed.

The antibacterial agent includes nanosilver and kason. The mass ratio of nanosilver and kason is 1:3:2.

In this embodiment, a total of three light metal salts were used, namely sodium citrate, potassium carbonate, and lithium bromide, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1 _. Correspondingly, the critical humidity point of the elastic humidity-controlling composition finally prepared in this embodiment is RH55%.

Step 3: The porous substrate taken out in step 2 is dried naturally in the shade first, and then a trace amount of antifungal agent (preferably plant-derived antifungal agent) is evenly applied on the surface of the porous substrate. The amount of antifungal agent on one side of the 1500mm×900mm porous substrate plate is no more than 100%. More than 30g. Then, transfer the porous substrate to the oven for drying. The temperature in the oven is lower than 60°C _. It must be baked continuously for at least one night to completely remove unnecessary water inside. After baking, take the porous substrate out of the oven. , exposed to the air for 30 minutes for cooling, and obtained highly efficient humidity-control and energy-saving building materials. If the area where the building materials will be used in the future is a dry area, when exposed to the air for cooling, it should be left in the air for an additional 30 minutes to facilitate moisture absorption. The surface of the prepared high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials should also be packaged with moisture-insulating materials such as plastic sheeting and aluminum foil for later use.

The high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials prepared in this example have the following characteristics:

The fire-extinguishing microcapsules contained in the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials will all rupture within 3 minutes starting at 80°C once encountering a fire. After releasing the fire-extinguishing agent (perfluorohexanone), the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials can still be used. When working normally, its internal pore structure becomes smoother and the humidity control effect will be better.

High-efficiency humidity-control energy-saving building materials (1) do not contain alcohol, so they can work stably for a long time in daily environments, and the humidity-control performance will not be significantly depleted due to the volatilization of alcohol; (2) they do not contain organic acid salts and will not Releases volatile toxic and harmful substances such as potassium acetate; (3) Does not contain CMC organic adhesives, and adds trace amounts of antibacterial agents, which can effectively inhibit the air seeding of mold in South China; (4) The surface is coated with antifungal agents to reduce the risk of mold Air seeding probability.

The porous substrate of highly efficient humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials (main materials are tubular diatomite, nano-silica, and inorganic mineral fibers) has achieved a good balance in rigidity, toughness, permeability, water-locking properties, and flame retardancy. , and can load a very large amount of active humidity-controlling ingredients, even surpassing the existing concept of experts from the National Academy of Building Materials Research that "the effective humidity-controlling layer of the building materials board is only a 3mm thick area on the surface". The highly efficient humidity-controlling and energy-saving building material in this embodiment The thickness of the effective humidity control layer reaches more than 4.5mm on the surface.

<Test example>

The high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials prepared in the examples (photographs of the building materials are shown in Figure 1) were subjected to humidity-regulating performance tests. The test was based on the standard JC/T2002-2009, and the test results are shown in Figure 2. The moisture absorption capacity per square meter can reach up to 464g/㎡, the moisture release capacity can reach up to 325g/㎡, and the total humidity conditioning capacity can reach 789g/㎡.

<Application example>

Application scenario 1:

After covering the non-bronze warehouse model room with high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials, the humidity fluctuations were tested. The results are shown in Figure 3.

As can be seen from Figure 3, the stable humidity achieved in the non-bronze warehouse model room is between RH50% and RH55%.

Application scenario 2:

Control group: ordinary constant temperature and humidity laboratory. Experimental group: a constant temperature and humidity testing laboratory covered with high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials.

In the control group, after the temperature and humidity control of the air-conditioning unit of the constant temperature and humidity laboratory was turned on, the indoor temperature and humidity passed a certain period of time (for example, in the National Aviation Standard and Measurement Center Laboratory in Tianjin, it took more than 4 hours in spring, more than 3 hours in autumn, and more than 3 hours in summer). About 2 hours or more, about 5 hours or more in winter), the adjustment finally reaches a "relatively stable" state. This time was reduced to less than half an hour for the experimental group.

In addition, the above-mentioned high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials can also be installed in core areas such as sample storage areas, sample weighing areas, and operating areas in the laboratory. They can suppress the frequency and amplitude of humidity changes in the space and play an important role in maintaining uniform experimental conditions. effect.

When facing a large-scale power outage and the backup power system fails to work due to failure, you only need to close the laboratory access control. The above-mentioned high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials can quickly release moisture, and the micro-environment humidity will be stabilized within a certain range for at least eight hours, thereby ensuring Biological sample safety.

Application scenario 3:

Another warehouse is covered with high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials. The air conditioner is shut down for 5 days in winter. The humidity changes in the warehouse are shown in Figure 4.

As can be seen from Figure 4, when the air conditioner is shut down for 5 days in winter, the humidity in the warehouse only drops by less than 5%.

The 6mm thick high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving board made according to the above embodiment has a weight of about 9.5kg per square meter, contains no less than 700g of perfluorohexanone microcapsules, and can release at least 420g of perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent. . According to the industry practice that a fire-extinguishing patch with a net weight of 6g (perfluorohexanone microcapsule content must be less than 6g) can control a 20L space, it is equivalent to that each square meter of high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving panels should be able to control an initial fire in a space of ^1.4m3 .

Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principles of the present invention. The present invention will also have other aspects without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various changes and modifications are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A method for preparing high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare porous substrate; Step two: immerse the porous substrate in the humidity control solution for a period of time, take out the porous substrate, and obtain the high-efficiency humidity control and energy-saving building material. Wherein, the humidity-controlling solution includes a humidity-controlling composition, The humidity-conditioning composition includes at least three light metal salts and one other type of substance, The light metal salt is selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride, copper sulfate, potassium citrate, sodium malate, sodium citrate, sodium phenolate, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium lactate, potassium carbonate, lithium bromide, and sodium chloride, The other substances are selected from xanthan gum, silicon dioxide, sodium polyacrylate, and sodium hexametaphosphate. 2. The high-efficiency humidity control and energy-saving building material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the porous substrate is a porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules, The material for preparing the porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-23 parts of cement; Tubular diatomaceous earth 35-42 parts; Quartz sand 24-26 parts; 9-11 parts of sepiolite fiber; Aluminum powder 0.2-0.6 parts; Mica 1.5-2.5 parts; 150 parts of water; 8-12 parts of the fire-extinguishing microcapsules. 3. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: Wherein, preparing the material of the porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules includes the following steps: Mix the diatomite, the quartz sand, the aluminum powder, the sepiolite fiber, the fire-extinguishing microcapsules and the mica evenly to obtain a first mixture; Mix the cement and the water evenly to obtain a mixed solution; Gradually add the first mixture to the mixed solution, stir until it becomes a slurry, then pour it into a mold, vibrate and make the surface smooth, leave it for a period of time to solidify, take it out and dry, and obtain The porous substrate containing fire-extinguishing microcapsules. 4. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the fire-extinguishing microcapsules are perfluorohexanone microcapsules, and the perfluorohexanone microcapsules include a shell and an emulsion wrapped in the shell, The shell includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of polypolymer, 30-40 parts of carrier liquid, 10-20 parts of temperature-sensitive powder, 3-8 parts of stabilizer, Wherein, the multipolymer is any one or more of polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, and polylactic acid, and the carrier liquid is water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, polysiloxane, or polyvinyl alcohol. Any one or more, the temperature-sensitive powder is poly-N-isopropylacrylamide or polycaprolactam, the stabilizer is sodium lauryl sulfate or potassium lauryl sulfate, The emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of water, 12-18 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 330-400 parts of perfluorohexanone. 5. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: Wherein, the shell includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of polyacrylate, 35 parts of polysiloxane, 15 parts of polycaprolactam, 3-8 parts of potassium lauryl sulfate, The emulsion includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 15 parts of sodium lauryl sulfate, 350 parts of perfluorohexanone. 6. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: Wherein, the preparation process of the perfluorohexanone microcapsules includes: Dissolve perfluorohexanone in water and sodium lauryl sulfate to obtain the emulsion; Use a high-pressure homogenizer to homogenize the emulsion, and then use an ultrasonic processor to perform ultrasonic treatment to obtain perfluorohexanone particles; The perfluorohexanone microparticles are wrapped in the shell through a microcapsule coating machine to obtain the perfluorohexanone microcapsules. 7. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Wherein, the humidity control solution includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 330-360 parts of the humidity-controlling composition; and 650-750 parts of deionized water, Wherein, the humidity control composition includes sodium citrate, potassium carbonate, and lithium bromide in a mass ratio of 2:2:1. 8. The preparation method of high-efficiency humidity-controlled and energy-saving building materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: Wherein, the humidity control solution also includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 2 parts of antibacterial agents, including nano-silver and kason. The preparation method of the high-efficiency humidity-adjusting and energy-saving building materials also includes: Step 3: After the porous substrate taken out in Step 2 is dried, the surface is evenly coated with an antifungal agent. After baking for a period of time, it is taken out and exposed to the air for cooling, thereby obtaining the highly efficient humidity control and energy saving method for temperature-sensing fire extinguishing. Building materials, the surfaces of the high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building materials are packaged with moisture-insulating materials for later use. 9. A high-efficiency humidity-regulating and energy-saving building material, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-8. 10. The application of high-efficiency humidity control and energy-saving building materials as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: Wherein, the application is to be used in a cultural relics warehouse or a cultural relics museum to keep the humidity between RH50% and RH55%.