CN117543670A - Photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization and control method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims description 57
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The system comprises at least one photovoltaic module string with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter, a bidirectional energy storage converter and at least one energy storage module; the photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct current bus, a bidirectional DC-AC inversion module and a direct current interface circuit, wherein at least three ports of the direct current interface circuit are all connected to the direct current bus, a first port is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module string, a second port is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module, and a third port is connected with the output end of the bidirectional energy storage converter; the input end of the bidirectional energy storage converter is electrically connected with the energy storage unit. The method is used for controlling the operation of the system. The system capacity ratio can be remarkably improved, the overall cost is low, the efficiency is high, the energy utilization rate of the system is improved, the system structure is simplified, and the reliability is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation system application, in particular to a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization and a control method thereof.
Background
Because the output power of the photovoltaic array has strong volatility and randomness, most photovoltaic systems (especially in large commercial and ground photovoltaic power generation systems) adopt a photovoltaic super-distribution technical scheme, wherein the proportion (Rong Peibi) of the component capacity and the inverter capacity is larger than 1:1.
however, when the photovoltaic super-formulation, particularly the larger proportion super-formulation photovoltaic system is adopted, under the condition that the output power of the photovoltaic array is good, a certain limited power generation amount loss can be caused due to the limitation of the DC/AC inversion capacity of the photovoltaic inverter, so that an energy storage system is required to be added in the photovoltaic system to store redundant energy of the energy storage battery.
In the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, the photovoltaic inverter can be divided into a group string type photovoltaic inverter and a centralized type photovoltaic inverter, and the structure of the centralized type photovoltaic inverter is simpler than that of the group string type photovoltaic inverter and is easier to integrate in a photovoltaic system for photovoltaic energy storage. However, in the traditional centralized photovoltaic power station, the monopole type DC/AC power module of the centralized photovoltaic inverter is used for carrying out maximum power tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic array, and at this time, the maximum power tracking function of the DC/AC power module is influenced by the charging and discharging process of the storage battery, so that the MPPT efficiency and precision are reduced; when the two-stage series type photovoltaic inverter is adopted, the component capacity of the photovoltaic installed capacity and the matching capacity ratio of the inverter (DC/AC) capacity are limited by the capacity of the first-stage Boost DC-DC Boost circuit, so that the capacity ratio of the photovoltaic system is not improved.
In order to flexibly configure a photovoltaic array and an energy storage device to cope with power utilization peaks and power utilization valleys and improve the capacity ratio of a photovoltaic power generation system, the invention patent of a photovoltaic power generation system and a photovoltaic power transmission method (CN 108233421A) by China is provided for a photovoltaic power generation system by a technical limited company, and the photovoltaic power generation system comprises at least one three-port energy storage converter, an energy storage battery unit and a photovoltaic inverter, and further comprises a first photovoltaic array and a second photovoltaic array; the photovoltaic inverter comprises an energy storage bidirectional converter and a DC-AC inverter, wherein the first photovoltaic array is connected with the photovoltaic inverter through the energy storage bidirectional converter of the photovoltaic inverter, the energy storage converter comprises at least three ports, the first port is connected with a DC bus of the photovoltaic inverter, the second port is connected with the energy storage battery unit, and the third port is connected with the second photovoltaic array. The photovoltaic array which is added and connected when the capacity ratio is expanded in the photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the direct current bus after maximum power tracking and boosting are performed through the energy storage bidirectional converter in the third port of the energy storage converter. However, the three-port energy storage converter comprising at least two sets of energy storage bidirectional converters can increase the investment cost of the system and the complexity of the framework, meanwhile, three ports of the energy storage converters respectively relate to a direct current bus, an energy storage battery unit and a photovoltaic array, and certain time delay can exist in the charge and discharge control of the energy storage unit and the communication and control instruction receiving process between the energy storage unit and the photovoltaic inverter, so that the energy storage and discharge switching of the energy storage battery unit is not timely enough, and the energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic system is reduced, so that the energy utilization rate of the existing photovoltaic system with the energy storage function is still required to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, one of the purposes of the present disclosure is to provide a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization, and the other purpose is to provide a control method of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization. The system capacity ratio can be remarkably improved, the overall cost is low, the efficiency is high, the energy utilization rate of the system is improved, the system structure is simplified, and the reliability is higher.
The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization comprises at least one photovoltaic module string with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter, a bidirectional energy storage converter and at least one energy storage module;
the photovoltaic module strings comprise a plurality of photovoltaic module battery strings and DC-DC chopper circuits corresponding to the photovoltaic module battery strings one by one, the input end of each DC-DC chopper circuit is coupled to the positive and negative electrodes of the output end of the corresponding photovoltaic module battery string, and the output ends of the DC-DC chopper circuits are connected in series one by one;
the photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct current bus, a bidirectional DC-AC inversion module and a direct current interface circuit with at least three ports, wherein at least three ports of the direct current interface circuit are connected to the direct current bus, a first port is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module string, a second port is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module, and a third port is connected with the output end of the bidirectional energy storage converter; the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module is used for converting the direct current of the first port and the third port into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to an alternating current power grid, or rectifying and storing the alternating current of the alternating current power grid to the energy storage module; a circuit configured to flow in one direction from the first port between the first port and the second port and between the first port and the third port, and a circuit configured to flow in two directions between the second port and the third port;
the input end of the bidirectional energy storage converter is electrically connected with the energy storage unit;
the photovoltaic inverter comprises a main control unit and is used for acquiring decision information of a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system;
the photovoltaic module string, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module and the bidirectional energy storage converter exchange energy through the direct current bus, power decoupling is realized on the direct current bus, the photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter can selectively acquire control rights of direct current bus voltage, and the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system is operated in different operation modes by controlling the direct current bus voltage.
Preferably, the operation modes include a charge mode, a discharge mode, and a power limit mode.
Preferably, the first port includes first sub-ports corresponding to the number of the photovoltaic module strings, the first sub-ports are connected with the output ends of the photovoltaic module strings in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the first sub-ports are configured as unidirectional inflow circuits.
Preferably, the third port includes a third sub-port corresponding in number to the output terminals of the bidirectional energy storage converter, the third sub-port being connected in one-to-one correspondence with the output terminals of the bidirectional energy storage converter, the third sub-port being configured as a bidirectional flowable circuit.
Preferably, a step-up and step-down circuit is configured between an input port and an output port of the bidirectional energy storage converter, wherein the input port is configured to be at a low level, and the output port is configured to be at a high level.
The present disclosure also provides a control method of the above photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, wherein at least one photovoltaic module string with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter and a bidirectional energy storage converter are configured into a common dc bus structure;
the photovoltaic inverter is used as a master control unit, and the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter are used as slave control units; the master control unit is used for issuing at least two voltage thresholds for controlling the running state of the slave control unit to the slave control unit;
the main control unit controls the DC bus voltage until the DC bus voltage reaches a voltage threshold value, the slave control unit enters a corresponding operation mode, the slave control unit obtains the control right of the DC bus voltage so as to control the DC bus voltage to be stabilized near the voltage threshold value, and the main control unit can control the DC bus voltage to enable the DC bus voltage to reach another voltage threshold value so as to switch the operation mode of the slave control unit.
Preferably, the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system determines the operation mode according to decision information, and controls the voltage value of the direct current bus voltage by the master control unit and the slave control unit according to the decision information, so that the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system operates to a corresponding operation mode, and the decision information comprises the current operation mode, photovoltaic power prediction and load demand of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system.
Preferably, the photovoltaic power optimizer at least has two operation states of limited power control and MPPT, the main control unit obtains first electric state information of the photovoltaic power optimizer, voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the photovoltaic power optimizer are issued to the photovoltaic power optimizer according to the first electric state information, and the main control unit also controls direct current bus voltage according to the first electric state information so that the direct current bus voltage reaches different voltage thresholds to control the photovoltaic power optimizer to switch between the two operation states; the first electrical state information includes an output voltage, an input voltage, an output current, an input current, and a duty cycle of the photovoltaic power optimizer.
Preferably, the bidirectional energy storage converter has at least four operation states of full power charging, full power discharging, limited power charging and limited power discharging, the main control unit obtains second electric state information of the bidirectional energy storage converter, and issues voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the bidirectional energy storage converter to the bidirectional energy storage converter according to the second electric state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements, and the main control unit controls direct current bus voltage according to the second electric state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements to enable the direct current bus voltage to reach different voltage thresholds so as to control the bidirectional energy storage converter to switch among the four operation states; the second electrical state information comprises output voltage, input voltage, output current, input current and an energy storage module SOC state of the bidirectional energy storage converter.
The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization and the control method thereof have the advantages that:
1. the capacity ratio of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system is not limited by the capacity of the DC/DC Boost mode of the traditional string inverter, so that the photovoltaic array and the energy storage device can be flexibly configured to cope with power utilization peaks and power utilization valleys, the capacity ratio of the wide-range energy storage power generation system is greatly improved, and the capacity ratio of the wide-range energy storage power generation system can be controlled from the traditional ratio of 1.3 (or 1.4): 1 is greatly improved to 1.6 (or 2.0): 1, higher Rong Peibi can be designed according to the requirements;
2. the photovoltaic array is composed of the photovoltaic module string with the photovoltaic power optimizer, the maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic array is completed by the photovoltaic module string, the maximum power tracking of the module level can be achieved, and the efficiency and the precision of MPPT are not reduced due to the influence of the charging and discharging process of the storage battery. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic inverter can be a unipolar centralized photovoltaic inverter which is easier to integrate in the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, so that the whole system is lower in integration and higher in efficiency.
3. The photovoltaic module string, the photovoltaic inverter and the bidirectional energy storage converter form a common direct current bus structure, and energy exchange is carried out among all modules through the direct current bus, so that the whole system reaches an energy balance state, all modules run independently of each other, a communication mechanism among all modules is saved, the complexity of the system is reduced, the modularization degree and the energy utilization rate of the system are improved, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power optimization-based photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is an architecture diagram of a power optimization-based photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of the present disclosure.
Reference numerals illustrate: the device comprises a 1-photovoltaic module string, a 2-photovoltaic inverter, a 21-direct current bus, a 22-bidirectional DC-AC inversion module, a 23-direct current interface circuit, a 3-bidirectional energy storage converter, a 4-energy storage module and a 5-alternating current power grid.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization in the present disclosure includes at least one photovoltaic module string 1 with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter 2, a bidirectional energy storage converter 3, and at least one energy storage module 4.
The photovoltaic module string 1 comprises a plurality of photovoltaic module battery strings and DC-DC chopper circuits corresponding to the photovoltaic module battery strings one by one, wherein the input end of each DC-DC chopper circuit is coupled to the positive and negative electrodes of the output end of the corresponding photovoltaic module battery string, and the output ends of the plurality of DC-DC chopper circuits are connected in series one by one. The photovoltaic power optimizers can be Buck-type Buck photovoltaic power optimizers, boost-type Boost photovoltaic power optimizers or Buck-Boost Buck-Boost photovoltaic power optimizers, and are preferentially Buck-type Buck photovoltaic power optimizers. The photovoltaic array formed by the photovoltaic module strings 1 is used for converting absorbed sunlight energy into electric energy of direct current, the photovoltaic module strings 1 are connected to the direct current ports of the photovoltaic inverter 2, and the direct current ports of the photovoltaic inverter 2 can be accessed after the direct current boxes are converged.
The photovoltaic inverter 2 comprises a direct current bus 21, a bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 and a direct current interface circuit 23 with at least three ports, wherein the three ports of the direct current interface circuit 23 are all connected to the direct current bus 21, and a first port is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module string 1 and is used for receiving direct current output by the photovoltaic module string 1. The second port is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 and is used for inputting direct current to the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22, the third port is connected with the output end of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, the photovoltaic module string 1, the photovoltaic inverter 2 and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 form a common direct current bus 21 structure, and the three modules exchange information and energy through the direct current bus 21; the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 is configured to convert the direct current output from the first port and the third port into alternating current and output the alternating current to the AC power grid 5, or rectify and store the alternating current of the AC power grid 5 into the energy storage module 4. Circuitry between the first port and the second port, and between the first port and the third port, is configured to flow in one direction from the first port to ensure that the direction of current flows into the bi-directional DC-AC inverter module 22. The second port and the third port are configured as a bidirectional circuit, so that the electric energy in the energy storage module 4 can be output to the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22, and the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 can rectify and input the alternating current of the alternating current power grid 5 into the energy storage module 4 for storage.
The input end of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is electrically connected with the energy storage unit so as to enable the energy storage unit to perform charging and discharging actions;
the photovoltaic inverter 2 comprises a main control unit and is used for acquiring decision information of a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system;
the photovoltaic module string 1, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 exchange energy through the direct current bus, power decoupling is realized on the direct current bus, and the photovoltaic inverter 2, the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 can selectively acquire control rights of direct current bus voltage, and the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system is operated in different operation modes by controlling the direct current bus voltage.
Specifically, the operation modes include a charge mode, a discharge mode, and a power limit mode.
The capacity ratio of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system is not limited by the capacity of the DC/DC Boost mode of the traditional string inverter, so that the photovoltaic array and the energy storage device can be flexibly configured to cope with power utilization peaks and power utilization valleys, the capacity ratio of the wide-range energy storage power generation system is greatly improved, and the capacity ratio of the wide-range energy storage power generation system can be controlled from the traditional ratio of 1.3 (or 1.4): 1 is greatly improved to 1.6 (or 2.0): 1, higher Rong Peibi can be designed according to the requirements;
the photovoltaic array disclosed by the disclosure is composed of the photovoltaic module string 1 with the photovoltaic power optimizer, the maximum power tracking of the photovoltaic array is completed by the photovoltaic module string 1, the maximum power tracking of the module level can be realized, and the efficiency and the precision of MPPT (maximum power point tracking) cannot be reduced due to the influence of the charging and discharging process of the storage battery. Meanwhile, the photovoltaic inverter 2 can adopt a unipolar centralized photovoltaic inverter 2 which is easier to integrate in a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, so that the whole system is lower in integral and higher in efficiency.
The photovoltaic module string 1, the photovoltaic inverter 2 and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 form a common direct current bus 21 structure, and energy exchange is carried out among all modules through the direct current bus 21, so that the whole system reaches an energy balance state, all modules independently operate, communication mechanisms among all modules are saved, the complexity of the system is reduced, the modularization degree and the energy utilization rate of the system are improved, and the reliability of the system is improved.
Further, in this embodiment, the first port includes first sub-ports corresponding to the number of the photovoltaic module strings 1, the first sub-ports are connected to the output ends of the photovoltaic module strings 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the first sub-ports are configured as unidirectional inflow circuits. Each photovoltaic module string 1 is connected to the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 through each independent first sub-port, so that mutual crosstalk between the photovoltaic module strings 1 can be avoided.
Further, in this embodiment, the third port includes a third sub-port corresponding to the number of output terminals of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, the third sub-port is connected to the output terminals of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the third sub-port is configured as a bidirectional flowable circuit. The output ends of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 are respectively and electrically connected with the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 through the independent third sub-ports, so that mutual crosstalk between the output ends can be avoided.
Further, in the present embodiment, a step-up and step-down circuit is configured between the input port and the output port of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, wherein the input port is configured to be at a low level, and the output port is configured to be at a high level, so as to perform step-up and step-down processing on the flowing current, so that the voltage values of the input and output voltages are suitable.
The embodiment also provides a control method of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization, which is applied to the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, wherein at least one photovoltaic module string 1 with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter 2 and a bidirectional energy storage converter 3 are configured into a common direct current bus 21 structure, and information and energy interaction can be carried out among the three modules through the direct current bus 21.
The photovoltaic inverter 2 is defined as a master control unit, the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 are used as slave control units, and the master control unit is used for issuing at least two voltage thresholds for controlling the operation state of the slave control units to the slave control units, and in general, for a single slave control unit, namely the photovoltaic power optimizer or the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, the slave control unit is provided with a plurality of voltage thresholds for controlling the slave control unit to enter different operation states.
The master control unit also has the capability of regulating and controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, when the voltage of the direct current bus reaches a certain published voltage threshold, the slave control unit enters a corresponding operation mode, and meanwhile, the slave control unit obtains the control right (called as slave control right) of the voltage of the direct current bus so as to control the voltage of the direct current bus to be stabilized near the voltage threshold (small-amplitude regulation of the voltage of the direct current bus). In the process, the main control unit always has control right of the direct current bus voltage (can be called main control right), and when the running state of the slave control unit needs to be switched, the main control unit controls the direct current bus voltage (the large amplitude regulation of the direct current bus voltage) to be reached; and the other voltage threshold value is used for switching the operation mode of the corresponding slave control unit at the moment, and the slave control right of the direct current bus voltage is obtained by the slave control unit.
The system capacity ratio can be remarkably improved, the overall cost is low, the efficiency is high, the energy utilization rate of the system is improved, the system structure is simplified, and the reliability is higher.
Further, in this embodiment, the main control unit determines the voltage threshold according to decision information, and controls the voltage value of the dc bus voltage according to the decision information, where the decision information includes a current system operation mode, photovoltaic power prediction, and a load requirement.
Further, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system determines the operation mode according to decision information, and controls the voltage value of the dc bus voltage by the master control unit and the slave control unit according to the decision information, so that the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system operates to a corresponding operation mode, where the decision information includes a current operation mode of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, photovoltaic power prediction, and a load requirement.
Further, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic power optimizer has at least two operation states including a limited power control state and an MPPT, the main control unit obtains first electrical state information of the photovoltaic power optimizer, and issues voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the photovoltaic power optimizer to the photovoltaic power optimizer according to the first electrical state information, and the main control unit further controls dc bus voltage according to the first electrical state information, so that the dc bus voltage reaches different voltage thresholds, so as to control the photovoltaic power optimizer to switch between the two operation states; the first electrical state information includes an output voltage, an input voltage, an output current, an input current, and a duty cycle of the photovoltaic power optimizer.
Further, in this embodiment, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 has at least four operation states of full power charging, full power discharging, limited power charging and limited power discharging, the main control unit obtains second electrical state information of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, and issues voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 to the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 according to the second electrical state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements, and the main control unit controls dc bus voltage according to the second electrical state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements to enable the dc bus voltage to reach different voltage thresholds so as to control the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 to switch between the four operation states; the second electrical state information includes an output voltage, an input voltage, an output current, an input current of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, and an SOC state of the energy storage module 4.
The working process and effects of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system and the control method thereof of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to application examples.
Application example 1
Qinghai gelman land photovoltaic power station, power station site: qinghai gella, coordinate east longitude 94.9 °, north latitude 36.4 °; minimum air temperature: -27 ℃; horizontal irradiation: 2346kWh/m2/a; barren grasslands; the photovoltaic modules are arranged at a fixed south-facing inclination angle of 35 degrees; the photovoltaic array is composed of photovoltaic strings with photovoltaic power optimizers, and the total capacity is 2000KWP (actual capacity 1998 kW); the photovoltaic inverter 2 is a monopole centralized inverter, the capacity of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 is 1250kW, and the capacity of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is 300kW; the energy storage module 4 has the capacity of 600kwh of the lithium iron phosphate storage battery assembly and rated working voltage of 1200V; after the scheme is adopted, the capacity ratio of the photovoltaic energy storage system is increased to 2000/1250=1.6, and the scheme is higher Rong Peibi, so that the power transmission and distribution cost of the photovoltaic inverter 2 and the back-end alternating-current side of the photovoltaic inverter can be greatly saved.
Photovoltaic module: 182 silicon wafer-72 photovoltaic module, module power: 540Wp; open circuit voltage: 49.5V; short circuit current: 13.85A; peak power voltage: 41.65V; peak power current 12.97A; open circuit voltage temperature coefficient: -0.284%/°c; peak power temperature coefficient: -0.35%/°c;
photovoltaic power optimizer: the photovoltaic power optimizer with the power limiting control function based on the Buck optimizer; the photovoltaic module with the photovoltaic power optimizer is divided into 100 strings by 37 modules, the string power is 19.98kW,2000Kw photovoltaic square matrix, wherein 84 strings are connected into 7 direct current combiner boxes by 12 strings according to the specification of direct current combination, and 16 strings are connected into one 16 direct current combiner box in series. Then 8 direct current confluences are connected to the direct current input end of the photovoltaic inverter 2.
Taking Qinghai geldanum spring autumn, sunny days and a day running scene under a high solar irradiation condition as an example, the solar irradiation is 600W/m < 2 >; the overall efficiency of the system DC end is 86%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 1032KW, if the power grid does not limit electricity, the photovoltaic inverter 2 can output on the Internet with the current full power, the output power is 1032KW, at this time, the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is a main control unit for controlling the bus voltage, and the energy balance and the voltage stability on the DC bus 21 are maintained; solar irradiation reaches 800W/m2 in the morning; the whole efficiency of a system DC end is 86%, the output power of a photovoltaic array is 1376KW, the photovoltaic inverter 2 is enabled to output on the Internet at the full rated power of 1250KW, firstly, the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 of the photovoltaic inverter 2 limits the power generation capacity of the inversion Internet, the capacitor of the DC bus 21 is charged, the voltage of the DC bus is increased, when the voltage of the bus is increased to a certain threshold value such as a charging threshold value 1390V, a part of electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array is reduced to charge a storage battery through the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, the charging power of the storage battery is 126Kw, and at the moment, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is used as a slave control unit for controlling the voltage of the DC bus, and the voltage of the DC bus is maintained to be close to the charging threshold value 1390V; when the solar irradiation continues to rise to 912w/m < 2 > at the midday, the overall efficiency of the system DC end is 86%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 1550KW, the charging power of the storage battery is 300Kw, the rated power of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is reached, and the AC output of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is 1250Kw; if the storage battery is fully charged and then the energy storage converter stops charging or solar irradiation continues to rise to be higher than 912W/m2, for example, 1000W/m2, the overall efficiency of a system DC end is 84%, the output power of the photovoltaic array can reach 1680KW, the rated power of the photovoltaic inverter 2 exceeds 1250 KW+the rated power of the energy storage converter 300 KW=1550 KW, at the moment, the capacitor of the direct current bus 21 is charged, the voltage of the direct current bus continues to rise, when the voltage of the direct current bus rises to a limit power voltage threshold 1450V of the photovoltaic array, the output voltage of each optimizer reaches 39.19V, at the moment, the photovoltaic power optimizers on the photovoltaic assemblies of the photovoltaic array can carry out limit power output, at the moment, the photovoltaic power optimizers become slave control units for controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, the energy balance and the voltage stability on the direct current bus 21 are maintained, the photovoltaic array carries out limit power control to limit the output power of the photovoltaic array to be close to 1550KW, and the voltage of the photovoltaic bus is maintained to be close to the limit power threshold 1450V.
When the time reaches afternoon and solar irradiation continues to drop to 912w/m < 2 >, the overall efficiency of the system DC end is 86%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 1550KW, the charging power of the storage battery is 300Kw, the rated power of the energy storage converter is reached, in the process, the photovoltaic array performs power limiting control to limit the output power to be around 1550Kw, the AC output of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is 1250Kw, and the DC bus voltage is maintained to be around the array power limiting threshold 1450V; when the solar irradiation continues to decline, the photovoltaic power optimizer stops the power limiting output and outputs full power in a maximum power tracking mode, in the process, the capacitor of the direct current bus 21 discharges, the voltage of the direct current bus continues to decline, at the moment, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is restored to a slave control unit for controlling the voltage of the direct current bus, and the energy balance and the voltage stability on the direct current bus 21 are maintained near a storage battery charging threshold value 1390V; during the battery charging process, the system monitors the State of charge (soc—state of charge) of the battery, and after the State of charge or depth of discharge reaches a predicted battery cutoff charge threshold, such as 95%, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 stops charging the battery.
When the solar radiation is reduced to 600w/m < 2 >, the overall efficiency of the system DC end is 85%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 1020KW, the discharge power of the storage battery is 230Kw, and the AC output of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is kept 1250Kw; when the solar irradiation continues to descend, the solar irradiation descends to 560w/m < 2 >, the overall efficiency of the system DC end is 85%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 950kw, the discharge power of the storage battery reaches 300kw, and the alternating current output of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is 1250kw; and then, as solar irradiation is reduced, the discharge power of the storage battery reaches full power 300Kw, the alternating current output power of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is maintained to be lower than 1250Kw, for example, the solar irradiation is reduced to 500w/m2, the overall system direct current efficiency is 85%, the output power of the photovoltaic array is 850Kw, the discharge power of the storage battery reaches full power 300Kw, and the alternating current output power of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is 1150Kw. In this process, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 will still act as a slave control unit controlling the bus voltage, maintaining the energy balance and voltage stability on the dc bus 21 around the battery discharge threshold 1360V.
During discharge of the battery, the system monitors the State of charge (soc—state of charge) of the battery and stops discharging through the energy storage converter when the State of charge or depth of discharge reaches a predicted battery cutoff discharge threshold, such as 10%. After the storage battery stops discharging, the alternating current output power of the photovoltaic inverter 2 is kept unchanged for a short time, the photovoltaic inverter alternating current output power is greater than the photovoltaic array input power, the direct current bus 21 is subjected to capacitor discharging, the direct current bus voltage is reduced, when the voltage is reduced to a storage battery discharging cut-off threshold value 1340V, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 stops serving as a secondary control unit for controlling the direct current bus voltage, energy balance and voltage stability on the direct current bus voltage are maintained, and the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 of the photovoltaic inverter 2 serves as a main control unit for controlling the direct current bus voltage, and energy balance and voltage stability on the direct current bus 21 are maintained.
Application example 2
Taking industrial and commercial photovoltaic energy storage projects for improving the spontaneous and self-use proportion of photovoltaic power generation as an example, the peak of industrial and commercial power consumption is 9: 00-11: 30; afternoon: 13:00-17:30; 11 pm: 30-13:00 is the noon break time of the factory.
The specific embodiment is as follows: 9: 00-10: before 00,9, the direct current bus voltage is regulated within the threshold range of the photovoltaic power optimizer, the direct current bus voltage is regulated through the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22, and the highest system efficiency is compatible with the fixed voltage setting through the variable bus voltage regulation at the moment, so that the optimal duty ratio of the photovoltaic power optimizer is obtained; the weather power prediction shows that solar irradiation is good in noon today, and in order to store more energy in noon, the management system can instruct the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 to perform constant power output, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 adjusts the DC bus voltage, so that the DC/AC power > photovoltaic array input power is ensured, the bus capacitor discharges at the moment, the bus voltage is reduced, and when the bus voltage is reduced to a set discharge threshold value of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3. The bidirectional energy storage converter 3 enters a discharge operation state, and the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 obtains the slave control right of the direct current bus voltage, so that the direct current bus voltage is stabilized near the discharge threshold value. The storage battery starts to discharge, and the discharge capacity is regulated according to the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic array, so that the energy balance on a constant power output stage bus of the DC/AC power module is ensured; 11 pm: 30-13: after 00, for the noon break time of the factory, the power consumption load is reduced, at the moment, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 releases the fixed power control, the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 is less than the output power of the photovoltaic array and the energy storage discharge power, the bus capacitor is charged, the bus voltage rises, when the bus voltage rises to a certain threshold value, the energy storage module 4 stops discharging, if no electric energy is on the grid-connected side of the factory, at the moment, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 continues to control the bus voltage, and at the moment, the integral efficiency of the photovoltaic power optimizer is highest as the control purpose; when the electric energy on the grid-connected side of the factory is monitored, the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 performs power-limiting output control, so that the output capacity of the photovoltaic array is greater than the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22, the bus capacitor is charged in the process, the bus voltage rises, after the bus voltage rises to the charging threshold value of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 enters a charging running state, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 obtains the slave control right of the DC bus voltage, the DC bus voltage is stabilized near the charging threshold value, the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 is limited, and the photovoltaic residual electricity is ensured to be charged into the storage battery without surfing; and to afternoon 13: after 00 points, the factory ends noon break, the electricity load rises, at this moment, a command is sent to the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22, the power limiting control is finished, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 controls the voltage of a direct current bus, so that the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 is greater than the output power of the photovoltaic array and the energy storage charging power, at this moment, the bus capacitor discharges, the bus voltage is reduced, and after the bus voltage is lower than the bus voltage threshold value of the battery charging, the battery stops charging, at this moment, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 continues to control the bus voltage, and at this moment, the highest overall efficiency of the optimizer is used as the control purpose; when the power consumption ratio from the power grid is monitored to be higher, the management system can send a command to the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 again, the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 is lifted to perform constant power output mode operation, so that the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 is greater than the output power of the photovoltaic array, the bus capacitor discharges, after the bus voltage is reduced to the discharge threshold value of the storage battery, the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 enters a discharge state to ensure that the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 performs constant power output, and the discharge module of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 ensures energy balance on the bus and stability of the bus voltage, and at the moment, the discharge power of the bidirectional energy storage converter 3 is the output power of the bidirectional DC-AC inverter module 22 to output power of the photovoltaic array. And after the energy management system monitors that the discharge of the storage battery reaches a certain depth of discharge, the management system sends a command to the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module 22 again to release the fixed power output control, the bus voltage rises, after the bus voltage rises to the control threshold of the photovoltaic power optimizer, the photovoltaic power optimizer obtains the slave control right of the DC bus voltage, so that the DC bus voltage is stabilized near the control threshold, and the aim of controlling is to maximize the overall efficiency of the optimizer.
Through the two application examples, the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system and the control method thereof have the advantages of remarkably improving the capacity ratio of the system, along with low overall cost, high efficiency, improving the energy utilization rate of the system, simplifying the structure of the system and having higher reliability.
In the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the azimuth or positional relationships indicated by the azimuth terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal", and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present disclosure and simplify the description, and without being otherwise described, these azimuth terms do not indicate and imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific azimuth or be configured and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various other changes and modifications can be made which are within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization is characterized by comprising at least one photovoltaic module string with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter, a bidirectional energy storage converter and at least one energy storage module;
the photovoltaic module strings comprise a plurality of photovoltaic module battery strings and DC-DC chopper circuits corresponding to the photovoltaic module battery strings one by one, the input end of each DC-DC chopper circuit is coupled to the positive and negative electrodes of the output end of the corresponding photovoltaic module battery string, and the output ends of the DC-DC chopper circuits are connected in series one by one;
the photovoltaic inverter comprises a direct current bus, a bidirectional DC-AC inversion module and a direct current interface circuit with at least three ports, wherein at least three ports of the direct current interface circuit are connected to the direct current bus, a first port is connected with the output end of the photovoltaic module string, a second port is connected with the input end of the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module, and a third port is connected with the output end of the bidirectional energy storage converter; the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module is used for converting the direct current of the first port and the third port into alternating current and outputting the alternating current to an alternating current power grid, or rectifying and storing the alternating current of the alternating current power grid to the energy storage module; a circuit configured to flow in one direction from the first port between the first port and the second port and between the first port and the third port, and a circuit configured to flow in two directions between the second port and the third port; the input end of the bidirectional energy storage converter is electrically connected with the energy storage unit;
the photovoltaic inverter comprises a main control unit and is used for acquiring decision information of a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system;
the photovoltaic module string, the bidirectional DC-AC inversion module and the bidirectional energy storage converter exchange energy through the direct current bus, power decoupling is realized on the direct current bus, the photovoltaic inverter, the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter can selectively acquire control rights of direct current bus voltage, and the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system is operated in different operation modes by controlling the direct current bus voltage.
2. The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of claim 1, the modes of operation comprising a charge mode, a discharge mode, and a power limited mode.
3. The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of claim 1, wherein the first port comprises a first sub-port corresponding to the number of photovoltaic module strings, the first sub-port being connected in one-to-one correspondence with the output ends of the photovoltaic module strings, the first sub-port being configured as a unidirectional inflow circuit.
4. The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of claim 1, wherein the third port comprises a third sub-port corresponding in number to the output of the bi-directional energy storage converter, the third sub-port being connected in one-to-one correspondence with the output of the bi-directional energy storage converter, the third sub-port configured as a bi-flowable circuit.
5. The photovoltaic energy storage power generation system of claim 1 wherein the bi-directional energy storage converter is configured as a buck-boost circuit between an input port and an output port, wherein the input port is configured as a low level and the output port is configured as a high level.
6. The control method of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system based on power optimization is characterized in that at least one photovoltaic module string with a photovoltaic power optimizer, a photovoltaic inverter and a bidirectional energy storage converter are configured into a common direct current bus structure;
the photovoltaic inverter is used as a master control unit, and the photovoltaic power optimizer and the bidirectional energy storage converter are used as slave control units; the master control unit is used for issuing at least two voltage thresholds for controlling the running state of the slave control unit to the slave control unit;
the main control unit controls the DC bus voltage until the DC bus voltage reaches a voltage threshold value, the slave control unit enters a corresponding operation mode, the slave control unit obtains the control right of the DC bus voltage so as to control the DC bus voltage to be stabilized near the voltage threshold value, and the main control unit can control the DC bus voltage to enable the DC bus voltage to reach another voltage threshold value so as to switch the operation mode of the slave control unit.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system determines the operation mode according to decision information, and controls the voltage value of the dc bus voltage controlled by the master control unit and the slave control unit according to the decision information, so that the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system operates in a corresponding operation mode, and the decision information includes a current operation mode of the photovoltaic energy storage power generation system, photovoltaic power prediction and load demand.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the photovoltaic power optimizer has at least two operation states including a limited power control and an MPPT, the main control unit obtains first electrical state information of the photovoltaic power optimizer, issues voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the photovoltaic power optimizer to the photovoltaic power optimizer according to the first electrical state information, and controls a dc bus voltage according to the first electrical state information to enable the dc bus voltage to reach different voltage thresholds so as to control the photovoltaic power optimizer to switch between the two operation states; the first electrical state information includes an output voltage, an input voltage, an output current, an input current, and a duty cycle of the photovoltaic power optimizer.
9. The control method of a photovoltaic energy storage power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the bidirectional energy storage converter has at least four operation states of full power charge, full power discharge, limited power charge and limited power discharge, the main control unit obtains second electrical state information of the bidirectional energy storage converter, and issues voltage thresholds for controlling each operation state of the bidirectional energy storage converter to the bidirectional energy storage converter according to the second electrical state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements, and the main control unit controls dc bus voltage according to the second electrical state information, photovoltaic power prediction and load requirements to enable the dc bus voltage to reach different voltage thresholds so as to control the bidirectional energy storage converter to switch between the four operation states; the second electrical state information comprises output voltage, input voltage, output current, input current and an energy storage module SOC state of the bidirectional energy storage converter.
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| CN118523432A (en) * | 2024-05-22 | 2024-08-20 | 西南交通大学 | Multiport energy routing system and energy management method thereof |
| CN118659439A (en) * | 2024-05-29 | 2024-09-17 | 广东博电通新能源科技有限公司 | A control method and control device for photovoltaic energy storage micro inverter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118523432A (en) * | 2024-05-22 | 2024-08-20 | 西南交通大学 | Multiport energy routing system and energy management method thereof |
| CN118659439A (en) * | 2024-05-29 | 2024-09-17 | 广东博电通新能源科技有限公司 | A control method and control device for photovoltaic energy storage micro inverter |
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