CN117536741B - Ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and use method - Google Patents
Ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and use method Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 736
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 42
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 369
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 238
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 13
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 40
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 35
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000827703 Homo sapiens Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023591 Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0227—Means to treat or clean gaseous fuels or fuel systems, e.g. removal of tar, cracking, reforming or enriching
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开氨内燃机燃料整备系统及使用方法,属于节能与新能源汽车技术领域;在燃烧加热单元中,加热流道与氨燃烧室具有间壁换热关系,加热流道一端为氨气进口,另一端与氨气分配室连通,燃烧气分配室与氨燃烧室出口连通;低温裂解单元包括具有间壁换热关系的第一裂解流道和第一气道,第一裂解流道一端与氨气分配室连通,另一端为第一出气口,第一气道一端与燃烧气分配室连通,另一端为第一排气口;高温裂解单元包括具有间壁换热关系的第二裂解流道和第二气道,第二裂解流道一端通过控制阀与氨气分配室连通,另一端为第二出气口,第二气道一端通过控制阀与燃烧气分配室连通,另一端为第二排气口。本发明能根据氨内燃机需求调节氢氮混合气的产量。
The present invention discloses an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and a method for use, and belongs to the field of energy-saving and new energy vehicle technology; in a combustion heating unit, a heating flow channel has a partition heat exchange relationship with an ammonia combustion chamber, one end of the heating flow channel is an ammonia inlet, and the other end is connected to an ammonia distribution chamber, and the combustion gas distribution chamber is connected to the ammonia combustion chamber outlet; a low-temperature cracking unit includes a first cracking flow channel and a first gas channel with a partition heat exchange relationship, one end of the first cracking flow channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber, and the other end is a first gas outlet, one end of the first gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber, and the other end is a first exhaust port; a high-temperature cracking unit includes a second cracking flow channel and a second gas channel with a partition heat exchange relationship, one end of the second cracking flow channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber through a control valve, and the other end is a second gas outlet, one end of the second gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber through a control valve, and the other end is a second exhaust port. The present invention can adjust the output of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas according to the needs of an ammonia internal combustion engine.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于节能与新能源汽车技术领域,特别涉及一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统及使用方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and a use method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
氨是一种具有广阔应用前景的零碳燃料,氨可被输送至内燃机的气缸中,作为燃料燃烧并推动气缸做功。然而,氨气的燃烧速度慢、活化性能低,因此,难以直接在氨氢内燃机中进行燃烧做功。为了改善氨在气缸中的燃烧性能,高活化性物质(如包含氢气的氢氮混合气)需要进入氨氢内燃机中来辅助氨的燃烧。Ammonia is a zero-carbon fuel with broad application prospects. Ammonia can be delivered to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, burned as fuel and drive the cylinder to do work. However, ammonia has a slow combustion rate and low activation performance, so it is difficult to burn and do work directly in an ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine. In order to improve the combustion performance of ammonia in the cylinder, highly activated substances (such as hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures containing hydrogen) need to enter the ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engine to assist the combustion of ammonia.
近年来,一些使用氨作为燃料进行燃烧从而为氨催化裂解提供热源的氨裂解器被提出。氨裂解后产生的氢氮混合气被通入内燃机的气缸,从而实现氨燃料在内燃机中的高效燃烧与做功。In recent years, some ammonia crackers have been proposed that use ammonia as a fuel to provide a heat source for catalytic cracking of ammonia. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture produced after ammonia cracking is introduced into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, thereby achieving efficient combustion and work of ammonia fuel in the internal combustion engine.
然而,氨内燃机具有不同的工况,不同工况下对氢氮混合气的需求量是不同的。传统的氨裂解器由于自身结构的限制,只能生成恒定量的氢氮混合气,因此无法响应氨内燃机的需求并匹配氢氮混合气的产出量。However, ammonia internal combustion engines have different operating conditions, and the demand for hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is different under different operating conditions. Due to the limitations of its own structure, traditional ammonia crackers can only generate a constant amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, so they cannot respond to the needs of ammonia internal combustion engines and match the output of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统及使用方法,可以根据氨内燃机的需求调节氢氮混合气的产量,满足氨内燃机在不同工况下对氢氮混合气的气量需求。The present invention aims to provide an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and a method for use, which can adjust the output of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas according to the needs of the ammonia internal combustion engine, and meet the gas volume requirements of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas under different working conditions.
为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案:The technical solutions adopted to solve the above technical problems are:
本发明提供一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统,其包括:The present invention provides an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, which comprises:
燃烧加热单元,包括氨燃烧室、加热流道、氨气分配室和燃烧气分配室,所述加热流道与所述氨燃烧室具有间壁换热关系,所述加热流道的一端为氨气进口,另一端与所述氨气分配室连通,所述燃烧气分配室与所述氨燃烧室的出口连通;A combustion heating unit, comprising an ammonia combustion chamber, a heating flow channel, an ammonia distribution chamber and a combustion gas distribution chamber, wherein the heating flow channel has a partition heat exchange relationship with the ammonia combustion chamber, one end of the heating flow channel is an ammonia inlet, and the other end is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber, and the combustion gas distribution chamber is connected to the outlet of the ammonia combustion chamber;
低温裂解单元,设有至少一个,每个所述低温裂解单元包括具有间壁换热关系的第一裂解流道和第一气道,所述第一裂解流道的一端与所述氨气分配室连通,另一端为第一出气口,所述第一气道的一端与所述燃烧气分配室连通,另一端为第一排气口;A low-temperature cracking unit is provided with at least one, each of which comprises a first cracking flow channel and a first gas channel having a partition wall heat exchange relationship, one end of the first cracking flow channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber, and the other end is a first gas outlet, one end of the first gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber, and the other end is a first exhaust port;
高温裂解单元,设有至少一个,每个所述高温裂解单元包括具有间壁换热关系的第二裂解流道和第二气道,所述第二裂解流道的一端通过控制阀与所述氨气分配室连通,另一端为第二出气口,所述第二气道的一端通过控制阀与所述燃烧气分配室连通,另一端为第二排气口。A high-temperature cracking unit is provided with at least one, each of which includes a second cracking channel and a second gas channel having a partition wall heat exchange relationship, one end of the second cracking channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber through a control valve, and the other end is a second gas outlet, one end of the second gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber through a control valve, and the other end is a second exhaust port.
本发明提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统至少具有如下的有益效果:在氨燃烧室处于工作时,氨燃烧室产生燃烧气,并能够对加热流道内的氨气进行预热,提高氨气在裂解前的温度;高温裂解单元和低温裂解单元并联设置,燃烧气能够分别流入低温裂解单元的第一气道和高温裂解单元的第二气道,以将热量传递至第一裂解流道和第二裂解流道,提高第一裂解流道和第二裂解流道的裂解工作温度,促使预热后的氨气能够进行高效裂解并产生大量的氢氮混合气;而且,高温裂解单元的第二裂解流道和第二气道都设置有控制阀,因此,能够根据氨内燃机在不同工况下对氢氮混合气的气量需求,选择启用低温裂解单元或同时启用低温裂解单元和高温裂解单元,从而达到控制氢氮混合气的产量,准确匹配氨内燃机的气量使用情况,并节省通入氨燃烧室的氨燃料量的目的。The ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: when the ammonia combustion chamber is in operation, the ammonia combustion chamber generates combustion gas, and can preheat the ammonia in the heating flow channel, thereby increasing the temperature of the ammonia before cracking; the high-temperature cracking unit and the low-temperature cracking unit are arranged in parallel, and the combustion gas can flow into the first gas channel of the low-temperature cracking unit and the second gas channel of the high-temperature cracking unit respectively, so as to transfer heat to the first cracking flow channel and the second cracking flow channel, thereby increasing the cracking working temperature of the first cracking flow channel and the second cracking flow channel, and promoting the preheated ammonia to be efficiently cracked and produce a large amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas; and the second cracking flow channel and the second gas channel of the high-temperature cracking unit are both provided with control valves, therefore, according to the gas volume demand of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas under different working conditions, the low-temperature cracking unit can be selected to be activated or the low-temperature cracking unit and the high-temperature cracking unit can be activated at the same time, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the output of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, accurately matching the gas volume usage of the ammonia internal combustion engine, and saving the amount of ammonia fuel introduced into the ammonia combustion chamber.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括氨燃料管路和氨气输送管路,所述氨燃料管路的一端为第一进料口,另一端为烧嘴,所述烧嘴位于所述氨燃烧室内,所述氨气输送管路的一端为第二进料口,另一端与所述氨气进口连通,所述氨燃料管路和所述氨气输送管路均设有流量控制阀。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system also includes an ammonia fuel pipeline and an ammonia gas delivery pipeline, one end of the ammonia fuel pipeline is a first feed port, and the other end is a burner, and the burner is located in the ammonia combustion chamber, one end of the ammonia gas delivery pipeline is a second feed port, and the other end is connected to the ammonia inlet, and the ammonia fuel pipeline and the ammonia gas delivery pipeline are both provided with flow control valves.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述加热流道的气体流向和所述氨燃烧室的气体流向相反,所述第一裂解流道的气体流向和所述第一气道的气体流向相反,所述第二裂解流道的气体流向和所述第二气道的气体流向相反。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the gas flow direction of the heating channel is opposite to the gas flow direction of the ammonia combustion chamber, the gas flow direction of the first cracking channel is opposite to the gas flow direction of the first gas channel, and the gas flow direction of the second cracking channel is opposite to the gas flow direction of the second gas channel.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述低温裂解单元设有多个第一裂解盘,所有的所述第一裂解盘串联且交错设置,并共同形成所述第一裂解流道,所述第一气道呈蛇形,所述高温裂解单元设有多个第二裂解盘,所有的所述第二裂解盘串联且交错设置,并共同形成所述第二裂解流道,所述第二气道呈蛇形。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the low-temperature cracking unit is provided with a plurality of first cracking disks, all of which are connected in series and staggered to form the first cracking flow channel together, and the first air channel is serpentine; the high-temperature cracking unit is provided with a plurality of second cracking disks, all of which are connected in series and staggered to form the second cracking flow channel together, and the second air channel is serpentine.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述第一裂解流道内设有低温裂解催化剂,所述第二裂解流道内设有高温裂解催化剂。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a low-temperature cracking catalyst is provided in the first cracking flow channel, and a high-temperature cracking catalyst is provided in the second cracking flow channel.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述第一裂解盘和所述第二裂解盘均包括外壳、第一导流板和第二导流板,所述外壳呈圆板状,所述外壳设有贯穿其相对两端面的通孔,所述外壳的相对两端面均设有所述第一导流板,所述外壳的相对两端面分别设有裂解入口和裂解出口,所述第二导流板设于所述外壳内,并与所述外壳的内壁共同形成呈渐开线状结构的流道,所述流道设有催化剂,所述流道的一端与所述裂解入口连通,另一端与所述裂解出口连通。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk both include an outer shell, a first guide plate and a second guide plate. The outer shell is in the shape of a circular plate. The outer shell is provided with through holes penetrating its two opposite end surfaces. The two opposite end surfaces of the outer shell are provided with the first guide plates. The two opposite end surfaces of the outer shell are respectively provided with a cracking inlet and a cracking outlet. The second guide plate is arranged in the outer shell and forms a flow channel with an involute structure together with the inner wall of the outer shell. The flow channel is provided with a catalyst. One end of the flow channel is connected to the cracking inlet, and the other end is connected to the cracking outlet.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述裂解入口位于所述外壳的中部位置,所述裂解出口位于所述外壳的边沿位置。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cracking inlet is located in the middle of the shell, and the cracking outlet is located at the edge of the shell.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述第一气道和所述第二气道均设有多个沿其延伸方向间隔布置的副进气孔,所述副进气孔与所述燃烧气分配室连通。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first air duct and the second air duct are both provided with a plurality of auxiliary air inlet holes arranged at intervals along the extension direction thereof, and the auxiliary air inlet holes are communicated with the combustion gas distribution chamber.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述加热流道环绕所述氨燃烧室的外侧设置,并形成螺旋状结构。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the heating flow channel is arranged around the outer side of the ammonia combustion chamber to form a spiral structure.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括集气装置和燃料气管路,所述第一出气口和所述第二出气口均连通于所述集气装置的进口,所述燃料气管路的一端与所述集气装置的出口连通,另一端为燃料气出口。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system also includes an air collecting device and a fuel gas pipeline, the first air outlet and the second air outlet are both connected to the inlet of the air collecting device, one end of the fuel gas pipeline is connected to the outlet of the air collecting device, and the other end is a fuel gas outlet.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括尾气管路和保温壳体;所述保温壳体设有保温腔、尾气进口和尾气出口,所述燃烧加热单元、所述低温裂解单元和所述高温裂解单元均设于所述保温腔内,所述尾气进口、所述尾气出口、所述第一排气口和所述第二排气口均与所述保温腔连通,所述尾气管路的出口与所述尾气进口连通。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system also includes an exhaust gas pipeline and an insulation shell; the insulation shell is provided with an insulation chamber, an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the combustion heating unit, the low-temperature cracking unit and the high-temperature cracking unit are all arranged in the insulation chamber, the exhaust gas inlet, the exhaust gas outlet, the first exhaust port and the second exhaust port are all connected to the insulation chamber, and the outlet of the exhaust gas pipeline is connected to the exhaust gas inlet.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述尾气管路设有尾气支路,所述尾气支路通过控制阀与所述燃烧气分配室连通。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the exhaust gas pipeline is provided with an exhaust gas branch, and the exhaust gas branch is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber through a control valve.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,所述尾气管路设有流量控制阀。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the exhaust gas pipeline is provided with a flow control valve.
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括连接壳体、脱硝装置和排气管路;所述脱硝装置的进口与所述尾气出口连通,所述脱硝装置的出口与所述排气管路连通。As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system also includes a connecting shell, a denitrification device and an exhaust pipe; the inlet of the denitrification device is connected to the exhaust gas outlet, and the outlet of the denitrification device is connected to the exhaust pipe.
第二方面,本发明提供了一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法,应用于上述任一技术方案的氨内燃机燃料整备系统,其包括如下的步骤:In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for using an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, which is applied to the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system of any of the above technical solutions, and comprises the following steps:
在氨内燃机处于冷启动工况时:When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in cold start condition:
关闭所述第二气道上的控制阀,并将氨气和空气通入所述氨燃烧室进行燃烧,使所述第一裂解流道内的温度达到第一设定值;再将氨气通入所述加热流道,并使加热后的氨气流入所述第一裂解流道,令裂解后的燃料气从所述第一排气口流出;Close the control valve on the second gas channel, and pass ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber for combustion, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel reaches a first set value; then pass ammonia into the heating flow channel, and let the heated ammonia flow into the first cracking flow channel, and let the cracked fuel gas flow out from the first exhaust port;
在氨内燃机处于正常运行工况时:When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in normal operating conditions:
若燃料气需求量少于或等于设定量,关闭所述第二气道上的控制阀,并将氨气和空气通入所述氨燃烧室进行燃烧,使所述第一裂解流道内的温度达到所述第一设定值,同时将氨气通入所述加热流道;If the fuel gas demand is less than or equal to the set amount, close the control valve on the second gas channel, and pass ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber for combustion, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel reaches the first set value, and at the same time, pass ammonia into the heating flow channel;
若燃料气需求量多于所述设定量,开启所述第二气道上的控制阀,并增加通入所述氨燃烧室的氨气量和空气量以及通入所述加热流道的氨气量,使所述第一裂解流道内的温度和所述第二裂解流道内的温度均达到第二设定值,所述第二设定值大于所述第一设定值。If the fuel gas demand is more than the set amount, open the control valve on the second gas channel, and increase the amount of ammonia and air introduced into the ammonia combustion chamber and the amount of ammonia introduced into the heating flow channel, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel and the temperature in the second cracking flow channel both reach a second set value, and the second set value is greater than the first set value.
本发明第二方面提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法至少具有如下的有益效果:根据氨内燃机在不同工况下对氢氮混合气气量的需求,选择不同数量的低温裂解单元和高温裂解单元进行氨裂解工作,从而控制氢氮混合气产量,节省氨燃烧室的氨燃料使用量,达到节能减排的目的。The method for using the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided in the second aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the demand of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas under different working conditions, different numbers of low-temperature cracking units and high-temperature cracking units are selected to perform ammonia cracking work, thereby controlling the output of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, saving the amount of ammonia fuel used in the ammonia combustion chamber, and achieving the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.
第三方面,本发明提供了一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法,应用于上述技术方案的氨内燃机燃料整备系统,其包括如下的步骤:In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for using an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, which is applied to the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system of the above technical solution, and comprises the following steps:
在氨内燃机处于高功率运行工况时:When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in high power operation:
停止往所述氨燃烧室通入氨气和空气,开启所述尾气支路上的控制阀和所述第二气道上的控制阀,使所述第一裂解流道内的温度和所述第二裂解流道内的温度均达到第二设定值;将氨气通入所述加热流道,并通过所述尾气管路将尾气通入所述保温腔,对所述加热流道内的氨气加热至所述第二设定值或以上。Stop introducing ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber, open the control valve on the tail gas branch and the control valve on the second air channel, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel and the temperature in the second cracking flow channel both reach a second set value; pass ammonia into the heating flow channel, and pass the tail gas into the insulation chamber through the tail gas pipeline, and heat the ammonia in the heating flow channel to the second set value or above.
本发明第三方面提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法至少具有如下的有益效果:在氨内燃机处于高负载高转速的运行状态时,氨内燃机会产生高温的尾气,可以将尾气直接用作氨裂解热源,并对加热流道内的氨气进行预热,无需再启用氨燃烧室来提供热量,从而有效利用尾气的余热,提高能源的利用效率,节省氨燃料能源的消耗量,降低氨内燃机的运行成本。The method for using the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided in the third aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: when the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a high-load and high-speed operating state, the ammonia internal combustion engine will generate high-temperature exhaust gas, which can be directly used as an ammonia cracking heat source and preheat the ammonia in the heating flow channel. There is no need to activate the ammonia combustion chamber to provide heat, thereby effectively utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas, improving energy utilization efficiency, saving ammonia fuel energy consumption, and reducing the operating cost of the ammonia internal combustion engine.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明;The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments;
图1是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的结构立体图;FIG1 is a structural perspective view of an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统在省略脱硝装置和连接壳体后的结构立体图;2 is a structural perspective view of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention after omitting the denitration device and the connection shell;
图3是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统在省略脱硝装置、连接壳体和保温壳体后的剖视示意图;3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention after omitting the denitration device, the connecting shell and the heat-insulating shell;
图4是本发明实施例所提供的燃烧加热单元的结构示意图;FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a combustion heating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例所提供的燃烧加热单元的剖视示意图;FIG5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a combustion heating unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例所提供的裂解单元的结构示意图;FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cracking unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例所提供的裂解单元的剖视示意图;FIG7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cracking unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例所提供的多个裂解盘串联交错设置的结构示意图;FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a plurality of cracking disks are arranged in series and staggered in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明实施例所提供的裂解盘的结构立体图;FIG9 is a structural perspective view of a cracking disk provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明实施例所提供的裂解盘的另一视角下的结构立体图;FIG10 is a structural stereogram of a cracking disk provided by an embodiment of the present invention from another perspective;
图11是本发明实施例所提供的裂解盘的内部结构示意图;11 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a lysis disk provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图12是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的结构示意图;FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图13是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统在冷启动工况下的工作示意图;FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention under cold start conditions;
图14是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统在低温裂解单元和高温裂解单元同时启用下的工作示意图;14 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention when the low-temperature cracking unit and the high-temperature cracking unit are activated at the same time;
图15是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统在高功率运行工况下的工作示意图;FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention under high power operation conditions;
图16是本发明另一实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的结构示意图;FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图17是本发明另一实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的结构示意图;FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by another embodiment of the present invention;
图18是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法在冷启动工况下的流程示意图;FIG18 is a flow chart of a method for using an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention under cold start conditions;
图19是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法在正常运行工况下的流程示意图;FIG19 is a flow chart of a method for using an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention under normal operating conditions;
图20是本发明实施例所提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法在高功率运行工况下的流程示意图。FIG20 is a flow chart of a method for using the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided in an embodiment of the present invention under high-power operating conditions.
附图中标记如下:1、尾气管路;2、保温壳体;201、保温腔;3、燃料气出口;4、排放管路;5、排气管路;6、脱硝装置;7、集气装置;8、出气管路;9、高温裂解单元;10、低温裂解单元;101、尾气支路;11、燃烧加热单元;12、氨气分配室;121、分配管路;13、燃烧气分配室;131、燃烧气主管路;132、燃烧气气轨;133、燃烧气支路;134、燃烧气出口;135、副进气孔;14、氨燃料管路;15、氨气输送管路;16、裂解盘;161、裂解入口;162、裂解出口;163、通孔;164、第一导流板;165、第二导流板;171、低温裂解催化剂;172、高温裂解催化剂;18、烧嘴;19、氨燃烧室;20、室壁;21、加热流道;22、第一控制阀;23、第二控制阀;24、第一流量控制阀;25、第二流量控制阀;26、第三控制阀;27、燃烧气流道;28、第三流量控制阀;29、连接壳体。The markings in the attached figure are as follows: 1, tail gas pipeline; 2, insulation shell; 201, insulation chamber; 3, fuel gas outlet; 4, discharge pipeline; 5, exhaust pipeline; 6, denitrification device; 7, gas collecting device; 8, gas outlet pipeline; 9, high temperature cracking unit; 10, low temperature cracking unit; 101, tail gas branch; 11, combustion heating unit; 12, ammonia distribution chamber; 121, distribution pipeline; 13, combustion gas distribution chamber; 131, combustion gas main pipeline; 132, combustion gas rail; 133, combustion gas branch; 134, combustion gas outlet; 135, auxiliary air inlet; 14, ammonia fuel Material pipeline; 15, ammonia delivery pipeline; 16, cracking disk; 161, cracking inlet; 162, cracking outlet; 163, through hole; 164, first guide plate; 165, second guide plate; 171, low-temperature cracking catalyst; 172, high-temperature cracking catalyst; 18, burner; 19, ammonia combustion chamber; 20, chamber wall; 21, heating flow channel; 22, first control valve; 23, second control valve; 24, first flow control valve; 25, second flow control valve; 26, third control valve; 27, combustion gas flow channel; 28, third flow control valve; 29, connecting shell.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例,本发明之较佳实施例在附图中示出,附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述,使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案,但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,涉及到方位描述,例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,如果具有“若干”之类的词汇描述,其含义是一个或者多个,多个的含义是两个及以上,大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数,以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二、第三只是用于区分技术特征为目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。In the description of the present invention, if there are words such as "several", it means one or more, "more" means two or more, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there are descriptions of first, second, and third, they are only used to distinguish technical features and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.
本发明的描述中,除非另有明确的限定,设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解,所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.
参照图1至图20,下面对本发明的氨内燃机燃料整备系统及使用方法举出若干实施例。1 to 20 , several embodiments of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system and method of use of the present invention are described below.
如图1至图17所示,本发明实施例提供了一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统,氨内燃机燃料整备系统可以为氨内燃机提供氢氮混合气,可以根据氨内燃机的需求调节氢氮混合气的产量,满足氨内燃机在不同工况下对氢氮混合气的气量需求。As shown in Figures 1 to 17, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, which can provide a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas for the ammonia internal combustion engine, and can adjust the output of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas according to the needs of the ammonia internal combustion engine to meet the gas volume requirements of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas under different operating conditions.
氨内燃机燃料整备系统的结构包括有燃烧加热单元11和裂解单元。其中,裂解单元包括有高温裂解单元9和低温裂解单元10,高温裂解单元9相对于低温裂解单元10而言,其裂解温度高。燃烧加热单元11的结构包括有氨燃烧室19、燃烧气分配室13、加热流道21和氨气分配室12。The structure of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system includes a combustion heating unit 11 and a cracking unit. The cracking unit includes a high-temperature cracking unit 9 and a low-temperature cracking unit 10. The high-temperature cracking unit 9 has a higher cracking temperature than the low-temperature cracking unit 10. The structure of the combustion heating unit 11 includes an ammonia combustion chamber 19, a combustion gas distribution chamber 13, a heating flow channel 21 and an ammonia gas distribution chamber 12.
其中,氨燃烧室19与加热流道21具有间壁换热关系,因此,氨燃烧室19内的气体能够与加热流道21内的气体进行间壁换热。可以理解的是,氨燃烧室19的室壁20与加热流道21直接接触,当氨燃料在氨燃烧室19燃烧时,会产生大量的热量,一部分热量传递至氨燃烧室19的室壁20,并传递至加热流道21处,另一部分热量随燃烧气(也即烟气)流出氨燃烧室19。Among them, the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and the heating flow channel 21 have a wall heat exchange relationship, so the gas in the ammonia combustion chamber 19 can exchange heat with the gas in the heating flow channel 21. It can be understood that the chamber wall 20 of the ammonia combustion chamber 19 is in direct contact with the heating flow channel 21. When the ammonia fuel burns in the ammonia combustion chamber 19, a large amount of heat will be generated. Part of the heat is transferred to the chamber wall 20 of the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and transferred to the heating flow channel 21, and the other part of the heat flows out of the ammonia combustion chamber 19 with the combustion gas (i.e., flue gas).
加热流道21的一端设为氨气进口,加热流道21的另一端连通于氨气分配室12。因此,可以将待裂解的氨气送入加热流道21内,氨气在沿着加热流道21流动时,会吸收来自氨燃烧室19的室壁20的热量,促使氨气的自身温度上升,从而完成氨气在进行裂解工作前的预热工作。预热后的氨气流入氨气分配室12。One end of the heating flow channel 21 is set as an ammonia inlet, and the other end of the heating flow channel 21 is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber 12. Therefore, the ammonia to be cracked can be sent into the heating flow channel 21. When the ammonia flows along the heating flow channel 21, it absorbs heat from the chamber wall 20 of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, causing the temperature of the ammonia to rise, thereby completing the preheating of the ammonia before the cracking work. The preheated ammonia flows into the ammonia distribution chamber 12.
燃烧气分配室13连通于氨燃烧室19的出口,因此,燃烧气会经氨燃烧室19的出口流入燃烧气分配室13,避免因氨燃烧室19内积存过多燃烧气而导致氨燃烧室19内气压过高,从而令后续通入的氨燃料能够持续稳定地燃烧。The combustion gas distribution chamber 13 is connected to the outlet of the ammonia combustion chamber 19. Therefore, the combustion gas will flow into the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 through the outlet of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, avoiding excessive accumulation of combustion gas in the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and causing excessive gas pressure in the ammonia combustion chamber 19, thereby allowing the subsequently introduced ammonia fuel to continue to burn stably.
低温裂解单元10的数量可以为一个,也可以为多个。高温裂解单元9的数量可以为一个,也可以为多个。高温裂解单元9与低温裂解单元10在数量上可以是相同,也可以是不同。这可以根据实际情况而设定,在此不做具体限定。The number of low-temperature cracking units 10 can be one or more. The number of high-temperature cracking units 9 can be one or more. The number of high-temperature cracking units 9 and low-temperature cracking units 10 can be the same or different. This can be set according to actual conditions and is not specifically limited here.
每个低温裂解单元10包括有第一气道和第一裂解流道。其中,第一气道和第一裂解流道具有间壁换热关系,因此,第一气道与第一裂解流道之间能够进行热量传递。第一气道的一端连通于燃烧气分配室13,第一气道的另一端设为第一排气口。第一裂解流道的一端连通于氨气分配室12,第一裂解流道的另一端设为第一出气口。Each low-temperature cracking unit 10 includes a first gas channel and a first cracking flow channel. The first gas channel and the first cracking flow channel have a wall heat exchange relationship, so heat can be transferred between the first gas channel and the first cracking flow channel. One end of the first gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber 13, and the other end of the first gas channel is set as a first exhaust port. One end of the first cracking flow channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber 12, and the other end of the first cracking flow channel is set as a first gas outlet.
因此,燃烧气能够从燃烧气分配室13流向第一气道,沿着第一气道流动的燃烧气会将其热量传递至第一裂解流道,提高第一裂解流道的工作温度,然后,燃烧气从第一排气口流出,离开第一气道,以便后续进行脱硝处理和外排。而预热后的氨气能够从氨气分配室12流入至已升温的第一裂解流道,并进行高效的氨裂解,从而产生大量的氢氮混合气。氢氮混合气会从第一出气口流出,离开第一裂解流道,为氨内燃机提供工作燃料。Therefore, the combustion gas can flow from the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 to the first gas channel, and the combustion gas flowing along the first gas channel will transfer its heat to the first cracking flow channel to increase the working temperature of the first cracking flow channel. Then, the combustion gas flows out from the first exhaust port and leaves the first gas channel for subsequent denitration treatment and external discharge. The preheated ammonia can flow from the ammonia distribution chamber 12 into the first cracking flow channel that has been heated up, and perform efficient ammonia cracking, thereby generating a large amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas will flow out from the first gas outlet, leave the first cracking flow channel, and provide working fuel for the ammonia internal combustion engine.
每个高温裂解单元9包括有第二气道和第二裂解流道。其中,第二气道和第二裂解流道具有间壁换热关系,因此,第二气道与第二裂解流道之间能够进行热交换。第二气道的一端连通于燃烧气分配室13,而且,第二气道与燃烧气分配室13之间设置有控制阀,该控制阀设为第二控制阀23,第二控制阀23可以为电控截止阀,通过控制阀可以控制第二气道与燃烧气分配室13之间的通断状态,第二气道的另一端设为第二排气口。第二裂解流道的一端连通于氨气分配室12,而且,第二裂解流道与氨气分配室12之间设置有控制阀,该控制阀设为第一控制阀22,第一控制阀22可以为电控截止阀,通过控制阀来控制第二裂解流道与氨气分配室12之间的通断情况,第二裂解流道的另一端设为第二出气口。Each high-temperature cracking unit 9 includes a second gas channel and a second cracking flow channel. The second gas channel and the second cracking flow channel have a wall heat exchange relationship, so heat exchange can be performed between the second gas channel and the second cracking flow channel. One end of the second gas channel is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber 13, and a control valve is provided between the second gas channel and the combustion gas distribution chamber 13. The control valve is set as a second control valve 23, and the second control valve 23 can be an electrically controlled stop valve. The on-off state between the second gas channel and the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 can be controlled by the control valve, and the other end of the second gas channel is set as a second exhaust port. One end of the second cracking flow channel is connected to the ammonia distribution chamber 12, and a control valve is provided between the second cracking flow channel and the ammonia distribution chamber 12. The control valve is set as a first control valve 22, and the first control valve 22 can be an electrically controlled stop valve. The on-off state between the second cracking flow channel and the ammonia distribution chamber 12 is controlled by the control valve, and the other end of the second cracking flow channel is set as a second gas outlet.
因此,在第二气道上的控制阀和第二裂解流道上的控制阀都开启后,燃烧气能够从燃烧气分配室13流入第二气道,燃烧气沿着第二气道流动,并将热量传递至第二裂解流道,令第二裂解流道的工作温度上升,然后,燃烧气从第二排气口流至第二气道之外,方便后续进行脱硝处理和对外排放。而已经预热的氨气能够从氨气分配室12流入至完成加热处理的第二裂解流道,并进行高效的氨裂解。氨裂解所产生的氢氮混合气从第二出气口流至第二裂解流道之外,并为氨内燃机提供燃烧能源。Therefore, after the control valve on the second gas channel and the control valve on the second cracking flow channel are opened, the combustion gas can flow into the second gas channel from the combustion gas distribution chamber 13, the combustion gas flows along the second gas channel, and transfers heat to the second cracking flow channel, so that the working temperature of the second cracking flow channel rises, and then the combustion gas flows from the second exhaust port to the outside of the second gas channel, which is convenient for subsequent denitrification treatment and external discharge. The preheated ammonia can flow from the ammonia distribution chamber 12 into the second cracking flow channel that has completed the heating treatment, and perform efficient ammonia cracking. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by ammonia cracking flows from the second outlet to the outside of the second cracking flow channel, and provides combustion energy for the ammonia internal combustion engine.
氨气分配室12与第一裂解流道之间通过分配管路121进行连通,氨气分配室12与第二裂解流道之间也通过分配管路121进行连通。The ammonia distribution chamber 12 is connected to the first cracking flow channel via a distribution pipeline 121 , and the ammonia distribution chamber 12 is also connected to the second cracking flow channel via a distribution pipeline 121 .
在本实施例中,高温裂解单元9与低温裂解单元10并联布置,因此,可根据氨内燃机工作时对氢氮混合气量的不同需求,开启不同数量的裂解单元进行氨裂解,从而准确匹配氨内燃机的工作需求。In this embodiment, the high temperature cracking unit 9 and the low temperature cracking unit 10 are arranged in parallel. Therefore, according to the different requirements for the amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas when the ammonia internal combustion engine is working, different numbers of cracking units can be opened to perform ammonia cracking, thereby accurately matching the working requirements of the ammonia internal combustion engine.
当氨内燃机对氢氮混合气的需求量高时,燃烧加热单元11便会燃烧较多的氨燃料,产生大量的高温燃烧气,此时,可以利用高温的燃烧气对高温裂解单元9与低温裂解单元10都进行高温加热。加热流道21内的氨气在被预加热至较高温度后,便会分别通入高温裂解单元9与低温裂解单元10内,进行氨裂解并产生大量的氢氮混合气。When the ammonia internal combustion engine has a high demand for hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the combustion and heating unit 11 will burn more ammonia fuel to produce a large amount of high-temperature combustion gas. At this time, the high-temperature combustion gas can be used to heat both the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the low-temperature cracking unit 10. After being preheated to a relatively high temperature, the ammonia in the heating flow channel 21 will be respectively introduced into the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the low-temperature cracking unit 10 to crack ammonia and produce a large amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.
当氨内燃机对氢氮混合气的需求量低时,燃烧加热单元11会燃烧少量的氨燃料,产生少量的低温燃烧气,此时,利用低温的燃烧气对低温裂解单元10进行加热,而高温裂解单元9处于停用状态。加热流道21内的氨气在被预加热至较低温度后,通入低温裂解单元10内,进行氨裂解并产生所需的少量氢氮混合气,从而能够节省氨燃料。When the ammonia internal combustion engine has a low demand for hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the combustion and heating unit 11 will burn a small amount of ammonia fuel to produce a small amount of low-temperature combustion gas. At this time, the low-temperature combustion gas is used to heat the low-temperature cracking unit 10, and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 is in a deactivated state. After being preheated to a relatively low temperature, the ammonia in the heating flow channel 21 is passed into the low-temperature cracking unit 10 to undergo ammonia cracking and produce the required small amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, thereby saving ammonia fuel.
由于高温裂解单元9的第二裂解流道和第二气道都设置有控制阀,因此,能够根据氨内燃机在不同工况下对氢氮混合气的气量需求,对控制阀进行启闭控制,选择启用低温裂解单元10或同时启用低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9,从而达到控制氢氮混合气的产量,准确匹配氨内燃机的气量使用情况,并节省通入氨燃烧室19的氨燃料量的目的。Since the second cracking flow channel and the second gas channel of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 are both provided with control valves, the control valves can be opened and closed according to the gas volume demand of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas under different working conditions, and the low-temperature cracking unit 10 can be selected to be enabled, or the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 can be enabled at the same time, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the output of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, accurately matching the gas volume usage of the ammonia internal combustion engine, and saving the amount of ammonia fuel introduced into the ammonia combustion chamber 19.
而且,对待裂解的氨气进行预加热,在进行裂解时能够维持裂解单元内的温度均匀与稳定,温度波动小。Furthermore, the ammonia gas to be cracked is preheated, so that the temperature in the cracking unit can be kept uniform and stable during cracking, with little temperature fluctuation.
如图1至图5、图12所示,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括有氨气输送管路15和氨燃料管路14。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and 12 , the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system further includes an ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 and an ammonia fuel pipeline 14 .
其中,氨燃料管路14的一端设为第一进料口,以便氨燃料流入,氨燃料管路14的另一端设为烧嘴18,烧嘴18位于氨燃烧室19内,也即氨燃烧管路贯穿并延伸至氨燃烧室19内。烧嘴18处设置有点火装置如点火电极,通过点火装置促使氨燃料在氨燃烧室19内燃烧,并形成稳定的火焰,燃烧过程会产生燃烧气。氨气输送管路15的一端设为第二进料口,以便氨气流入,氨气输送管路15的另一端连通于加热流道21的氨气进口,通过氨气输送管路15为加热流道21不断补充待裂解的氨气。Among them, one end of the ammonia fuel pipeline 14 is set as a first feed port to facilitate the flow of ammonia fuel, and the other end of the ammonia fuel pipeline 14 is set as a burner 18, and the burner 18 is located in the ammonia combustion chamber 19, that is, the ammonia combustion pipeline runs through and extends into the ammonia combustion chamber 19. An ignition device such as an ignition electrode is provided at the burner 18, and the ammonia fuel is caused to burn in the ammonia combustion chamber 19 through the ignition device, and a stable flame is formed, and combustion gas is generated during the combustion process. One end of the ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 is set as a second feed port to facilitate the flow of ammonia gas, and the other end of the ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the heating flow channel 21, and the ammonia gas to be cracked is continuously replenished for the heating flow channel 21 through the ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15.
而且,氨气输送管路15和氨燃料管路14都设置有流量控制阀。流量控制阀为电控阀。将氨气输送管路15上的流量控制阀设为第一流量控制阀24,将氨燃料管路14上的流量控制阀设为第二流量控制阀25。Moreover, both the ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 and the ammonia fuel pipeline 14 are provided with flow control valves. The flow control valves are electrically controlled valves. The flow control valve on the ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 is set as a first flow control valve 24, and the flow control valve on the ammonia fuel pipeline 14 is set as a second flow control valve 25.
因此,可以根据需加热的裂解单元的数量与加热温度的需求,通过流量控制阀来控制通入氨燃烧室19内的氨燃料的流量,避免氨燃料的浪费。可以理解的是,氨燃料管路14内流通有氨气和空气,控制氨气和空气的当量比,促使氨气能够在氨燃烧室19稳定充分地燃烧。另外,可以根据氨内燃机的工作情况,通过流量控制阀来控制通入加热流道21内的氨气的流量。Therefore, the flow rate of ammonia fuel entering the ammonia combustion chamber 19 can be controlled by a flow control valve according to the number of cracking units to be heated and the heating temperature requirements, thereby avoiding waste of ammonia fuel. It is understood that ammonia and air flow in the ammonia fuel pipeline 14, and the equivalent ratio of ammonia and air is controlled to enable ammonia to burn stably and fully in the ammonia combustion chamber 19. In addition, the flow rate of ammonia entering the heating flow channel 21 can be controlled by a flow control valve according to the working conditions of the ammonia internal combustion engine.
在一些实施例中,如图3、图7、图12至图15所示,加热流道21和氨燃烧室19在气体流向上是相反的。在本实施例中,加热流道21的氨气进口和燃烧气分配室13位于氨燃烧室19的同一侧,氨气分配室12位于氨燃烧室19的相对另一侧。In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3, 7, 12 to 15, the heating flow channel 21 and the ammonia combustion chamber 19 are opposite in gas flow direction. In this embodiment, the ammonia inlet of the heating flow channel 21 and the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 are located on the same side of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, and the ammonia distribution chamber 12 is located on the other side of the ammonia combustion chamber 19.
如图3、图7、图12至图15所示,第一裂解流道和第一气道在气体流向上也是相反的,第二裂解流道和第二气道在气体流向上也是相反的。可以理解的是,氨气与燃烧气采用相反的流动方向,可以提高裂解单元内的温度均匀度。As shown in Figures 3, 7, 12 to 15, the first cracking flow channel and the first gas channel are opposite in gas flow direction, and the second cracking flow channel and the second gas channel are opposite in gas flow direction. It can be understood that the ammonia gas and the combustion gas adopt opposite flow directions to improve the temperature uniformity in the cracking unit.
在一些实施例中,如图3、图7、图12至图15所示,低温裂解单元10内部设置有第一裂解盘,第一裂解盘的数量为多个,所有的第一裂解盘采用串联连接且交错设置的方式,而且,所有的第一裂解盘的内部相连通,从而共同形成第一裂解流道。由于所有的第一裂解盘采用彼此串联且依次交错的布置方式,使得低温裂解单元10内的第一气道呈现蛇形的设计,第一气道内的燃烧气会以蛇形路线流动。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 , FIG. 7 , and FIG. 12 to FIG. 15 , a first cracking disk is disposed inside the low-temperature cracking unit 10 , and the number of the first cracking disks is multiple, and all the first cracking disks are connected in series and staggered, and the interiors of all the first cracking disks are connected to form a first cracking flow channel. Since all the first cracking disks are arranged in series and staggered in sequence, the first air channel in the low-temperature cracking unit 10 has a serpentine design, and the combustion gas in the first air channel flows in a serpentine route.
高温裂解单元9内部设置有第二裂解盘,第二裂解盘的数量为多个,所有的第二裂解盘也是采用串联连接且交错设置的方式,而且,所有的第二裂解盘的内部相连通,从而共同形成第二裂解流道。由于所有的第二裂解盘采用依次串联且彼此交错的布置方式,使得高温裂解单元9内的第二气道呈蛇形的形状,第二气道内的燃烧器能够以蛇形路线流动。The pyrolysis unit 9 is provided with a second cracking disk inside, and the number of the second cracking disk is multiple, and all the second cracking disks are also connected in series and staggered, and the insides of all the second cracking disks are connected, thereby forming the second cracking flow channel together. Since all the second cracking disks are arranged in series and staggered with each other, the second air channel in the pyrolysis unit 9 is in a serpentine shape, and the burner in the second air channel can flow in a serpentine route.
可以理解的是,低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9采用上述的结构设计,促使第一裂解盘和第二裂解盘的受热面积增加,可以实现第一裂解盘内和第二裂解盘内的氨裂解催化剂能够被均匀、快速的加热,而且,还可以延长第一气道内和第二气道内的燃烧气的停留时间,从而提高换热效率,有助于提升氨裂解效果,产生更多的氢氮混合气。It can be understood that the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 adopt the above-mentioned structural design, which increases the heating area of the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk, and can achieve that the ammonia cracking catalyst in the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk can be heated evenly and quickly. Moreover, the residence time of the combustion gas in the first gas channel and the second gas channel can be extended, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency, helping to improve the ammonia cracking effect, and generating more hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.
第一裂解流道内部设置有低温裂解催化剂171,第二裂解流道内部设置有高温裂解催化剂172。在本实施例中,低温裂解催化剂171采用钌基催化剂,高温裂解催化剂172采用镍基催化剂。A low temperature cracking catalyst 171 is disposed inside the first cracking flow channel, and a high temperature cracking catalyst 172 is disposed inside the second cracking flow channel. In this embodiment, the low temperature cracking catalyst 171 is a ruthenium-based catalyst, and the high temperature cracking catalyst 172 is a nickel-based catalyst.
可以理解的是,对于氨裂解催化剂,目前已发展出包括镍基与钌基的氨裂解催化剂。其中,镍基催化剂价格便宜,适合大批量应用,然而,镍基催化剂需要在较低的空速条件(如1000 hour-1)和较高的温度条件(600℃以上)下才能进行高效的氨裂解。若氨内燃机燃料整备系统的所有裂解单元内都采用高温裂解催化剂172(如镍基催化剂),会导致催化剂用量多,裂解单元体积过大,温度维持需要高的能源消耗量的问题。钌基催化剂在高空速条件(如20000 hour-1)和较低的温度条件(450℃左右)就可实现高效的氨裂解效率,但是,钌基催化剂价格高昂,若氨内燃机燃料整备系统的所有裂解单元内都采用低温裂解催化剂171(如钌基催化剂),会导致催化剂成本过高的问题。It is understandable that for ammonia cracking catalysts, nickel-based and ruthenium-based ammonia cracking catalysts have been developed. Among them, nickel-based catalysts are cheap and suitable for large-scale applications. However, nickel-based catalysts need to be used at lower space velocity conditions (such as 1000 hour-1) and higher temperature conditions (above 600°C) to efficiently crack ammonia. If high-temperature cracking catalysts 172 (such as nickel-based catalysts) are used in all cracking units of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, it will lead to problems such as high catalyst usage, large cracking unit volume, and high energy consumption required for temperature maintenance. Ruthenium-based catalysts can achieve high ammonia cracking efficiency under high space velocity conditions (such as 20,000 hour-1) and lower temperature conditions (about 450°C). However, ruthenium-based catalysts are expensive. If low-temperature cracking catalysts 171 (such as ruthenium-based catalysts) are used in all cracking units of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, it will lead to the problem of excessive catalyst cost.
因此,在本实施例中,在低温裂解单元10内采用钌基催化剂,在高温裂解单元9内采用镍基催化剂,通过高温裂解催化剂172与低温裂解催化剂171搭配使用,能够保证系统性能的前提下降低成本。Therefore, in this embodiment, a ruthenium-based catalyst is used in the low-temperature cracking unit 10, and a nickel-based catalyst is used in the high-temperature cracking unit 9. By using the high-temperature cracking catalyst 172 in combination with the low-temperature cracking catalyst 171, the cost can be reduced while ensuring the system performance.
在本实施例中,如图6至图11所示,第一裂解盘和第二裂解盘的结构一致,只是两者所填充的氨裂解催化剂不同。因此,可以将第一裂解盘和第二裂解盘统称为裂解盘16,裂解盘16的结构包括有外壳、第一导流板164和第二导流板165。In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 11 , the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk have the same structure, except that they are filled with different ammonia cracking catalysts. Therefore, the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk may be collectively referred to as a cracking disk 16 , and the structure of the cracking disk 16 includes a housing, a first guide plate 164 and a second guide plate 165 .
其中,外壳呈圆板状,外壳设置有通孔163,通孔163贯穿外壳的相对两个端面,因此,燃烧气能够经通孔163流至下一个外壳,外壳的相对两个端面分别设置有第一导流板164,第一导流板164能够与燃烧气直接接触。而且,外壳的相对两端面分别设置有裂解入口161和裂解出口162。第二导流板165设置在外壳内部,第二导流板165能够与氨气直接接触,并且,第二导流板165与外壳的内壁面共同形成流道,流道呈渐开线状结构,流道内设置有催化剂,催化剂为氨裂解催化剂,流道的一端连通于裂解入口161,流道的另一端连通于裂解出口162。The outer shell is in the shape of a circular plate, and is provided with a through hole 163. The through hole 163 penetrates two opposite end faces of the outer shell, so that the combustion gas can flow to the next outer shell through the through hole 163. The two opposite end faces of the outer shell are respectively provided with a first guide plate 164, and the first guide plate 164 can directly contact the combustion gas. Moreover, the two opposite end faces of the outer shell are respectively provided with a cracking inlet 161 and a cracking outlet 162. The second guide plate 165 is arranged inside the outer shell, and the second guide plate 165 can directly contact the ammonia gas, and the second guide plate 165 and the inner wall surface of the outer shell jointly form a flow channel, and the flow channel is in an involute structure. A catalyst is arranged in the flow channel, and the catalyst is an ammonia cracking catalyst. One end of the flow channel is connected to the cracking inlet 161, and the other end of the flow channel is connected to the cracking outlet 162.
第一导流板164可以呈长直状,也可以呈弧形状。第二导流板165在外壳内部呈螺旋状布置。裂解入口161可以设置在外壳的中部位置,裂解出口162设置在外壳的边沿位置。那么,进入裂解盘16内的氨气会从外壳的中部位置往外扩散。第一导流板164、第二导流板165和外壳在材质上可以相同。The first guide plate 164 can be long and straight or in an arc shape. The second guide plate 165 is arranged in a spiral shape inside the shell. The cracking inlet 161 can be set at the middle position of the shell, and the cracking outlet 162 can be set at the edge position of the shell. Then, the ammonia entering the cracking disk 16 will diffuse outward from the middle position of the shell. The first guide plate 164, the second guide plate 165 and the shell can be made of the same material.
以第一裂解盘为例,由于所有的第一裂解盘串联连接且交错设置,因此,对于任意相邻两个第一裂解盘而言,两者的通孔163位于第一裂解盘的中轴线的相对两侧,那么,燃烧气便会蛇形流动。另外,对于任意相邻三个第一裂解盘而言,位于中间的第一裂解盘的裂解入口161与其中一个第一裂解盘的裂解出口162通过管道连接,位于中间的第一裂解盘的裂解出口162与另一个第一裂解盘的裂解入口161通过管道连接。Taking the first cracking disk as an example, since all the first cracking disks are connected in series and staggered, for any two adjacent first cracking disks, the through holes 163 of the two are located on opposite sides of the central axis of the first cracking disks, so that the combustion gas will flow in a serpentine shape. In addition, for any three adjacent first cracking disks, the cracking inlet 161 of the middle first cracking disk is connected to the cracking outlet 162 of one of the first cracking disks through a pipeline, and the cracking outlet 162 of the middle first cracking disk is connected to the cracking inlet 161 of another first cracking disk through a pipeline.
可以理解的是,第一导流板164的设置,可以引导燃烧气流经裂解盘16的整个外表面,实现对裂解盘16的均匀加热,而且,还可以进一步延长燃烧气在裂解单元内的换热时间,提高换热效率。此外,第一导流板164具有传热作用,可以提高传热效率,促使氨裂解催化剂的温度快速上升。第一导流板164还能够起到支撑与固定裂解盘16位置的作用。It is understandable that the first guide plate 164 can guide the combustion gas to flow through the entire outer surface of the cracking disk 16, thereby achieving uniform heating of the cracking disk 16, and further prolonging the heat exchange time of the combustion gas in the cracking unit, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the first guide plate 164 has a heat transfer function, which can improve the heat transfer efficiency and promote the rapid increase in the temperature of the ammonia cracking catalyst. The first guide plate 164 can also play a role in supporting and fixing the position of the cracking disk 16.
第二导流板165的设置,可以让氨气与氨裂解催化剂充分有效地接触、反应,从而提高氨裂解效率,并且,能够起到均匀传热的作用,改善裂解盘16内的氨裂解催化剂的温度分布。The second guide plate 165 allows the ammonia gas to fully and effectively contact and react with the ammonia cracking catalyst, thereby improving the ammonia cracking efficiency. It also plays a role in uniform heat transfer and improves the temperature distribution of the ammonia cracking catalyst in the cracking disk 16 .
另外,第一导流板164和第二导流板165还能够发挥着增强裂解盘16的结构强度的作用,促使裂解盘16的端面不易出现凹凸不平的情况。In addition, the first guide plate 164 and the second guide plate 165 can also enhance the structural strength of the cracking disk 16 , so that the end surface of the cracking disk 16 is less likely to be uneven.
在裂解盘16采用上述结构的情况下,裂解单元还包括壳体,壳体具有圆柱状的腔体,裂解盘16的外周面与该腔体的内周面相接触,所有的裂解盘16沿着腔体的延伸方向按照一定的间隔设置,并同轴布置,而且,彼此之间错位180°,也即裂解盘16相对于其相邻的裂解盘16绕中轴线旋转180°,令任意相邻两个裂解盘16的通孔163交错布置。此时,腔体与所有的裂解盘16的外表面之外的区域为燃烧气流道27,燃烧气流道27的一端与燃烧气分配室13连通,燃烧气流道27的另一端为燃烧气出口134。对于低温裂解单元10而言,该燃烧气流道27为第一气道,该燃烧气出口134为第一排气口;对于高温裂解单元9而言,该燃烧气流道27为第二气道,该燃烧气出口134为第二排气口。In the case where the cracking disc 16 adopts the above structure, the cracking unit also includes a shell, the shell has a cylindrical cavity, the outer peripheral surface of the cracking disc 16 contacts the inner peripheral surface of the cavity, all the cracking discs 16 are arranged at a certain interval along the extension direction of the cavity, and are coaxially arranged, and are displaced 180° from each other, that is, the cracking disc 16 rotates 180° around the central axis relative to its adjacent cracking disc 16, so that the through holes 163 of any two adjacent cracking discs 16 are arranged in an interlaced manner. At this time, the area outside the cavity and the outer surface of all the cracking discs 16 is a combustion gas flow channel 27, one end of the combustion gas flow channel 27 is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber 13, and the other end of the combustion gas flow channel 27 is a combustion gas outlet 134. For the low-temperature cracking unit 10, the combustion gas flow channel 27 is a first gas channel, and the combustion gas outlet 134 is a first exhaust port; for the high-temperature cracking unit 9, the combustion gas flow channel 27 is a second gas channel, and the combustion gas outlet 134 is a second exhaust port.
在一些实施例中,如图3至图7所示,第一气道和第二气道都设置有副进气孔135,副进气孔135的数量为多个,多个副进气孔135沿第一气道或第二气道的延伸方向间隔布置,而且,副进气孔135连通于燃烧气分配室13。In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 to 7, the first air duct and the second air duct are both provided with auxiliary air intake holes 135, and the number of the auxiliary air intake holes 135 is multiple, and the multiple auxiliary air intake holes 135 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the first air duct or the second air duct, and the auxiliary air intake holes 135 are connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber 13.
具体的,燃烧器分配室设置有燃烧气主管路131,燃烧气主管路131分别与第一气道和第二气道相连通,每个高温裂解单元9和每个低温裂解单元10都设置有燃烧气气轨132,燃烧气气轨132与燃烧器主管路相连接,燃烧气气轨132设置有多根燃烧气支路133,每根燃烧气支路133分别对应与副进气孔135连接。Specifically, the burner distribution chamber is provided with a combustion gas main line 131, and the combustion gas main line 131 is respectively connected to the first gas channel and the second gas channel. Each high-temperature cracking unit 9 and each low-temperature cracking unit 10 is provided with a combustion gas rail 132, and the combustion gas rail 132 is connected to the burner main line. The combustion gas rail 132 is provided with a plurality of combustion gas branches 133, and each combustion gas branch 133 is respectively connected to the auxiliary air inlet hole 135.
可以理解的是,采用多个副进气孔135的设计,能够将燃烧气导入至裂解单元内的不同位置,均衡内部温度分布,使裂解盘16可以被燃烧器加热得更加均匀,有助于促使氨气可以进行高效充分的氨裂解。It is understandable that the design of multiple auxiliary air inlet holes 135 can introduce the combustion gas into different positions in the cracking unit, balance the internal temperature distribution, and make the cracking disk 16 more evenly heated by the burner, which helps to promote efficient and sufficient ammonia cracking of ammonia.
本实施例的裂解单元采用新的结构设计,可以解决现有技术中的氨裂解温度分布不均和换热效率低的问题。The cracking unit of this embodiment adopts a new structural design, which can solve the problems of uneven temperature distribution and low heat exchange efficiency of ammonia cracking in the prior art.
在一些实施例中,如图3至图5、图13至图15所示,加热流道21环绕氨燃烧室19的外侧设置,并形成螺旋状结构。具体的,燃烧加热单元11包括壳体、套筒和螺旋状翅片,该壳体具有圆柱状的腔体,套筒设置在该腔体内,且与壳体同轴设置,螺旋状翅片设置在该腔体内,并与套筒的外周壁面固定连接,螺旋状翅片还与腔体的内周壁面固定连接,因此,螺旋状翅片、腔体的内周壁面和套筒的外周壁面共同限定出加热流道21。In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and 13 to 15, the heating flow channel 21 is arranged around the outside of the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and forms a spiral structure. Specifically, the combustion heating unit 11 includes a shell, a sleeve and a spiral fin. The shell has a cylindrical cavity. The sleeve is arranged in the cavity and is coaxially arranged with the shell. The spiral fin is arranged in the cavity and is fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve. The spiral fin is also fixedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the cavity. Therefore, the spiral fin, the inner peripheral wall of the cavity and the outer peripheral wall of the sleeve jointly define the heating flow channel 21.
如此设置,待裂解的氨气会环绕氨燃烧室19的外周壁面螺旋状流动,以此来增加氨气与氨燃烧室19的室壁20的接触时间,提升换热效率,令氨气能够被预热到设定温度。With this arrangement, the ammonia to be cracked will flow in a spiral shape around the outer wall of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, thereby increasing the contact time between the ammonia and the chamber wall 20 of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and allowing the ammonia to be preheated to the set temperature.
在一些实施例中,如图1至图3、图12所示,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括有集气装置7和燃料气管路。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 and FIG. 12 , the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system further includes a gas collecting device 7 and a fuel gas pipeline.
其中,第一裂解流道的第一出气口通过出气管路8连通于集气装置7的进口,第二裂解流道的第二出气口也通过出气管路8连通于集气装置7的进口。燃料气管路的一端连通于集气装置7的出口,燃料气管路的另一端设为燃料气出口3,从燃料气出口3流出的氢氮混合气可以流向氨内燃机。The first gas outlet of the first cracking flow channel is connected to the inlet of the gas collecting device 7 through the gas outlet pipeline 8, and the second gas outlet of the second cracking flow channel is also connected to the inlet of the gas collecting device 7 through the gas outlet pipeline 8. One end of the fuel gas pipeline is connected to the outlet of the gas collecting device 7, and the other end of the fuel gas pipeline is set as the fuel gas outlet 3. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas flowing out of the fuel gas outlet 3 can flow to the ammonia internal combustion engine.
在本实施例中,所有的裂解单元环绕氨燃烧室19的中轴线圆周排布,从裂解单元内流出的氢氮混合气经出气管路8统统流进集气装置7内。集气装置7可以呈圆环状,集气装置7具有圆环状的内腔,集气装置7的进口可以设在集气装置7的端面,集气装置7的出口可以设置在集气装置7的外周壁面。In this embodiment, all the cracking units are arranged around the central axis of the ammonia combustion chamber 19, and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas flowing out of the cracking units all flows into the gas collecting device 7 through the gas outlet pipeline 8. The gas collecting device 7 can be annular, and the gas collecting device 7 has an annular inner cavity. The inlet of the gas collecting device 7 can be arranged on the end surface of the gas collecting device 7, and the outlet of the gas collecting device 7 can be arranged on the outer peripheral wall of the gas collecting device 7.
可以理解的是,集气装置7可以整合并联设置的所有裂解单元的出气管路8,让所产生的氢氮混合气都流入集气装置7内,提升系统集成化。It is understandable that the gas collecting device 7 can integrate the gas outlet pipelines 8 of all the cracking units arranged in parallel, so that the generated hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas can flow into the gas collecting device 7, thereby improving the system integration.
在一些实施例中,如图1、图2、图12至图17所示,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括有保温壳体2和尾气管路1。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , and FIG. 12 to FIG. 17 , the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system further includes a heat-insulating shell 2 and an exhaust gas pipeline 1 .
其中,保温壳体2内部中空形成有保温腔201,保温壳体2设置有尾气进口和尾气出口,尾气出口和尾气进口均连通于保温腔201。燃烧加热单元11、低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9均设置在保温壳体2的保温腔201内,保温腔201的作用是可以避免燃烧加热单元11、低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9的热量往保温腔201外传递。The heat-insulating shell 2 is hollow inside to form a heat-insulating chamber 201, and the heat-insulating shell 2 is provided with an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, and the exhaust gas outlet and the exhaust gas inlet are both connected to the heat-insulating chamber 201. The combustion heating unit 11, the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 are all arranged in the heat-insulating chamber 201 of the heat-insulating shell 2, and the function of the heat-insulating chamber 201 is to prevent the heat of the combustion heating unit 11, the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 from being transferred outside the heat-insulating chamber 201.
尾气管路1的进口可以与氨内燃机的尾气排放口连接,尾气管路1的出口连通于保温壳体2的尾气进口。保温壳体2的尾气出口可以连接有排放管路4,以将保温腔201内的气体排至保温腔201之外。The inlet of the exhaust pipe 1 can be connected to the exhaust outlet of the ammonia internal combustion engine, and the outlet of the exhaust pipe 1 is connected to the exhaust inlet of the insulation shell 2. The exhaust outlet of the insulation shell 2 can be connected to the exhaust pipe 4 to discharge the gas in the insulation chamber 201 to the outside of the insulation chamber 201.
氨燃料管路14依次贯穿保温壳体2和氨燃烧室19,为氨燃烧室19提供氨燃料。氨气输送管路15贯穿保温壳体2,并与加热流道21的氨气进口连接,为加热流道21提供氨气。另外,裂解单元的出气管路8也是贯穿并延伸至保温腔201之外。The ammonia fuel pipeline 14 passes through the insulation shell 2 and the ammonia combustion chamber 19 in sequence, and provides ammonia fuel for the ammonia combustion chamber 19. The ammonia gas delivery pipeline 15 passes through the insulation shell 2 and is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the heating flow channel 21, and provides ammonia gas for the heating flow channel 21. In addition, the gas outlet pipeline 8 of the cracking unit also passes through and extends outside the insulation chamber 201.
因此,在氨内燃机处于冷启动工况或正常运行工况时,将尾气用作保温热源,并导入至保温壳体2的保温腔201内,让保温腔201内维持在一定的温度,使得燃烧加热单元11、低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9处于保温环境下,减少燃烧加热单元11、低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9对外的热量损失,有效利用尾气的余热,从而进一步提高能量利用率。Therefore, when the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a cold start condition or a normal operating condition, the exhaust gas is used as an insulation heat source and introduced into the insulation chamber 201 of the insulation shell 2, so that the insulation chamber 201 is maintained at a certain temperature, so that the combustion heating unit 11, the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 are in an insulation environment, thereby reducing the heat loss of the combustion heating unit 11, the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9 to the outside, effectively utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas, and further improving the energy utilization rate.
本实施例采用上述结构的裂解单元以及尾气管路1和保温壳体2的搭配,有效解决了现有的氨裂解器的内部裂解温度分布不均,换热效率不高,对外散热量大的问题。This embodiment adopts the above-mentioned structure of the cracking unit and the combination of the tail gas pipeline 1 and the heat-insulating shell 2, which effectively solves the problems of uneven internal cracking temperature distribution, low heat exchange efficiency and large external heat dissipation of the existing ammonia cracker.
而且,第一气道的第一排气口和第二气道的第二排气口均连通于保温腔201。因此,从裂解单元流出的燃烧气可以与尾气进行混合升温,方便在脱硝工作中高效去除氮氧化物,实现氮氧化物的低排放。保温腔201内的尾气和燃烧气的混合气从保温壳体2的尾气出口流出,并进行脱硝处理。Moreover, the first exhaust port of the first gas channel and the second exhaust port of the second gas channel are both connected to the heat preservation chamber 201. Therefore, the combustion gas flowing out of the cracking unit can be mixed with the tail gas to increase the temperature, which is convenient for efficiently removing nitrogen oxides in the denitration work and achieving low emission of nitrogen oxides. The mixture of the tail gas and the combustion gas in the heat preservation chamber 201 flows out from the tail gas outlet of the heat preservation shell 2 and undergoes denitration treatment.
尾气管路1设置有流量控制阀,该流量控制阀设为第三流量控制阀28,第三流量控制阀28为电控阀,通过第三流量控制阀28可以控制通入保温腔201内的尾气流量。The exhaust gas pipeline 1 is provided with a flow control valve, which is set as a third flow control valve 28. The third flow control valve 28 is an electrically controlled valve. The exhaust gas flow entering the insulation chamber 201 can be controlled by the third flow control valve 28.
进一步的,如图12所示,尾气管路1设置有尾气支路101,尾气支路101连通于燃烧气分配室13,而且,尾气支路101与燃烧气分配室13之间设置有控制阀,该控制阀为第三控制阀26,第三控制阀26可以为电控截止阀。Furthermore, as shown in FIG12 , the exhaust gas pipeline 1 is provided with an exhaust gas branch 101 , which is connected to the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 , and a control valve is provided between the exhaust gas branch 101 and the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 , which is a third control valve 26 , and the third control valve 26 may be an electrically controlled stop valve.
在氨内燃机处于高负载、高转速的运行工况时,氨内燃机会产生高温的尾气,此时,尾气的热量能够满足裂解盘16与加热流道21内的氨气的加热需求,因此,可以将尾气直接用作氨裂解热源,提供至裂解单元,以提高裂解单元的裂解温度,并能够对加热流道21内的氨气进行预热,无需再启用氨燃烧室19来提供热量,从而有效利用尾气的余热,提高能源的利用效率,节省氨燃料能源的消耗量,降低氨内燃机的运行成本。When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a high-load, high-speed operating condition, the ammonia internal combustion engine will generate high-temperature exhaust gas. At this time, the heat of the exhaust gas can meet the heating requirements of the cracking disk 16 and the ammonia in the heating flow channel 21. Therefore, the exhaust gas can be directly used as an ammonia cracking heat source and provided to the cracking unit to increase the cracking temperature of the cracking unit. It can also preheat the ammonia in the heating flow channel 21 without activating the ammonia combustion chamber 19 to provide heat, thereby effectively utilizing the waste heat of the exhaust gas, improving energy utilization efficiency, saving ammonia fuel energy consumption, and reducing the operating cost of the ammonia internal combustion engine.
本实施例通过设置尾气管路1、保温腔201体和尾气支路101等,充分利用氨内燃机的尾气余热,有效解决了传统的氨裂解器无法有效地利用氨内燃机的尾气余热,造成能量的浪费。This embodiment makes full use of the exhaust heat of the ammonia internal combustion engine by providing the exhaust pipeline 1, the insulation chamber 201 and the exhaust branch 101, thereby effectively solving the problem that the traditional ammonia cracker cannot effectively utilize the exhaust heat of the ammonia internal combustion engine, resulting in energy waste.
在一些实施例中,如图1、图2、图12至图17所示,氨内燃机燃料整备系统还包括有脱硝装置6、连接壳体29和排气管路5。In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 , 2 , 12 to 17 , the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system further includes a denitration device 6 , a connecting shell 29 and an exhaust pipe 5 .
其中,脱硝装置6的进口连通于保温壳体2的尾气出口,脱硝装置6的出口连通于排气管路5的一端,排气管路5的另一端为外排端口。具体的,在脱硝装置6和保温壳体2之间设置连接壳体29,保温壳体2的排放管路4与连接壳体29的腔体连通,脱硝装置6的进口与连接壳体29的腔体连通。因此,可以将保温腔201内的燃烧气和尾气一并送入脱硝装置6内,进行脱硝处理。脱硝装置6为SCR(也即选择性催化还原技术)脱硝装置6。Among them, the inlet of the denitrification device 6 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the insulation shell 2, and the outlet of the denitrification device 6 is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe 5, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 5 is an external exhaust port. Specifically, a connecting shell 29 is arranged between the denitrification device 6 and the insulation shell 2, the exhaust pipe 4 of the insulation shell 2 is connected to the cavity of the connecting shell 29, and the inlet of the denitrification device 6 is connected to the cavity of the connecting shell 29. Therefore, the combustion gas and the exhaust gas in the insulation chamber 201 can be sent to the denitrification device 6 together for denitrification treatment. The denitrification device 6 is an SCR (i.e., selective catalytic reduction technology) denitrification device 6.
可以理解的是,由于在氨内燃机冷启动时,氨燃烧室19所产生的燃烧气的温度高于氨内燃机的尾气的温度,通过将尾气和燃烧气导入保温壳体2的保温腔201,一方面能够起到保温作用,另一方面,通过尾气和燃烧气混合,有效提升尾气的温度,然后,再将尾气和燃烧气通入脱硝装置6,提高催化还原反应温度,从而能够在脱硝装置6内进行高效去除氮氧化物,有效提高对氮氧化物的处理效率。It can be understood that since the temperature of the combustion gas generated by the ammonia combustion chamber 19 is higher than the temperature of the exhaust gas of the ammonia internal combustion engine when the ammonia internal combustion engine is cold started, by introducing the exhaust gas and the combustion gas into the insulation chamber 201 of the insulation shell 2, on the one hand, it can play an insulation role, and on the other hand, by mixing the exhaust gas and the combustion gas, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be effectively increased. Then, the exhaust gas and the combustion gas are passed into the denitrification device 6 to increase the catalytic reduction reaction temperature, so that nitrogen oxides can be efficiently removed in the denitrification device 6, effectively improving the treatment efficiency of nitrogen oxides.
本实施例采用上述的氨裂解结构和尾气处理结构的耦合设计,可以解决现有技术中氨内燃机的尾气在冷启动工况下通入选择性催化还原装置(SCR)时,因为尾气的温度过低,导致对NOx的处理效率低下的问题。This embodiment adopts the coupling design of the above-mentioned ammonia cracking structure and the exhaust gas treatment structure, which can solve the problem in the prior art that when the exhaust gas of the ammonia internal combustion engine is passed into the selective catalytic reduction device (SCR) under cold start conditions, the temperature of the exhaust gas is too low, resulting in low NOx treatment efficiency.
在一些实施例中,如图16所示,氨内燃机燃料整备系统可以包括多个高温裂解单元9和多个低温裂解单元10,且它们都采用并联设置。在本实施例中,高温裂解单元9设有三个,低温裂解单元10设有两个,通过一个第二控制阀23控制所有的高温裂解单元9的第二气道的通断,并通过一个第一控制阀22控制所有的低温裂解单元10的第二裂解流道的通断。In some embodiments, as shown in FIG16 , the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system may include a plurality of high temperature cracking units 9 and a plurality of low temperature cracking units 10, and they are all arranged in parallel. In this embodiment, three high temperature cracking units 9 are provided, and two low temperature cracking units 10 are provided. The opening and closing of the second gas passages of all high temperature cracking units 9 are controlled by a second control valve 23, and the opening and closing of the second cracking flow passages of all low temperature cracking units 10 are controlled by a first control valve 22.
在另一些实施例中,如图17所示,在设置有多个高温裂解单元9和多个低温裂解单元10的情况下,可以针对每条第一气道、每条第二气道、每条第一裂解流道和每条第二裂解流道都设置电控截止阀。In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 17 , when a plurality of high-temperature cracking units 9 and a plurality of low-temperature cracking units 10 are provided, an electrically controlled stop valve may be provided for each first gas channel, each second gas channel, each first cracking flow channel, and each second cracking flow channel.
另外,如图13、图14、图18和图19所示,本发明实施例一还提供一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法,该使用方法包括如下的步骤:In addition, as shown in FIG. 13, FIG. 14, FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, the first embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for using the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, and the method includes the following steps:
(1)在氨内燃机处于冷启动工况时,先确认相应阀门的启闭状态,然后依次执行步骤S110和步骤S120。(1) When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a cold start condition, first confirm the opening and closing status of the corresponding valve, and then execute step S110 and step S120 in sequence.
步骤S110:关闭第二气道上的控制阀,并将氨气和空气通入氨燃烧室19进行燃烧,使第一裂解流道内的温度达到第一设定值。Step S110: close the control valve on the second gas channel, and pass ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber 19 for combustion, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel reaches a first set value.
步骤S120:再将氨气通入加热流道21,并使加热后的氨气流入第一裂解流道,令裂解后的燃料气从第一排气口流出。Step S120: Ammonia gas is then introduced into the heating flow channel 21, and the heated ammonia gas is made to flow into the first cracking flow channel, and the cracked fuel gas is made to flow out from the first exhaust port.
(2)在氨内燃机处于正常运行工况时,先确认氨内燃机对燃料气的需求量情况,再判断需求量与设定量之间的大小比较情况。(2) When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in normal operating conditions, first confirm the demand for fuel gas by the ammonia internal combustion engine, and then determine the comparison between the demand and the set amount.
步骤S210:若燃料气需求量少于或等于设定量。Step S210: If the fuel gas demand is less than or equal to the set amount.
步骤S211:关闭第二气道上的控制阀,并将氨气和空气通入氨燃烧室19进行燃烧,使第一裂解流道内的温度达到第一设定值,同时将氨气通入加热流道21。Step S211: close the control valve on the second gas channel, and pass ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber 19 for combustion, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel reaches a first set value, and at the same time, pass ammonia into the heating flow channel 21.
步骤S220:若燃料气需求量多于设定量。Step S220: If the fuel gas demand is greater than the set amount.
步骤S221:开启第二气道上的控制阀,并增加通入氨燃烧室19的氨气量和空气量以及通入加热流道21的氨气量,使第一裂解流道内的温度和第二裂解流道内的温度均达到第二设定值,第二设定值大于第一设定值。Step S221: Open the control valve on the second air channel, and increase the amount of ammonia and air introduced into the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and the amount of ammonia introduced into the heating channel 21, so that the temperature in the first cracking channel and the temperature in the second cracking channel both reach a second set value, and the second set value is greater than the first set value.
可以理解的是,设定量、第一设定值和第二设定值可以根据实际情况而设定,在此不做具体的限定。It is understandable that the set amount, the first set value and the second set value can be set according to actual conditions and are not specifically limited here.
具体的,如图13所示,在氨内燃机处于冷启动工况时,可以通过流量控制阀减少进入氨燃烧室19的氨气和空气的流量,且调节为化学当量比,此时,在氨燃烧室19内产生流量较低、温度较高的燃烧气。由于高温裂解单元9处于停用状态,因此,温度较高的燃烧气只进入至低温裂解单元10的第一气道内,并将热量传递至第一裂解流道,也即对低温裂解单元10内的第一裂解盘进行加热,使得第一裂解盘内的低温裂解催化剂171的温度快速上升至450℃(也即第一设定值)。Specifically, as shown in FIG13 , when the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a cold start condition, the flow rate of ammonia and air entering the ammonia combustion chamber 19 can be reduced by a flow control valve and adjusted to a chemical equivalent ratio. At this time, a combustion gas with a lower flow rate and a higher temperature is generated in the ammonia combustion chamber 19. Since the high-temperature cracking unit 9 is in an inactive state, the high-temperature combustion gas only enters the first gas channel of the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and transfers heat to the first cracking flow channel, that is, the first cracking disk in the low-temperature cracking unit 10 is heated, so that the temperature of the low-temperature cracking catalyst 171 in the first cracking disk rises rapidly to 450° C. (that is, the first set value).
当第一裂解盘的温度达到450℃后,调节进入氨燃烧室19内的氨气与空气的当量比,降低氨燃烧火焰与燃烧气温度,使低温裂解催化剂171的温度稳定在450℃即可。When the temperature of the first cracking disk reaches 450°C, the equivalence ratio of ammonia to air entering the ammonia combustion chamber 19 is adjusted to reduce the temperature of the ammonia combustion flame and the combustion gas, so that the temperature of the low-temperature cracking catalyst 171 is stabilized at 450°C.
随后,通过流量控制阀控制氨气进入加热流道21的流量,在加热流道21内流动的氨气吸收来自氨燃烧室19的热量,被加热至450℃-500℃,然后,再流进温度为450℃的低温裂解单元10内,并与第一裂解盘内的低温裂解催化剂171充分接触、反应,进行氨裂解。氨裂解所产生的氢氮混合气从低温裂解单元10流向集气装置7内,最后,可以从燃料气出口3流出,为氨内燃机的工作提供燃料。Subsequently, the flow rate of ammonia gas entering the heating flow channel 21 is controlled by the flow control valve. The ammonia gas flowing in the heating flow channel 21 absorbs the heat from the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and is heated to 450°C-500°C. Then, it flows into the low-temperature cracking unit 10 at a temperature of 450°C, and fully contacts and reacts with the low-temperature cracking catalyst 171 in the first cracking disk to crack ammonia. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas generated by the cracking of ammonia flows from the low-temperature cracking unit 10 to the gas collecting device 7, and finally, can flow out from the fuel gas outlet 3 to provide fuel for the operation of the ammonia internal combustion engine.
而燃烧气在与第一裂解盘进行热交换后,从第一气道流入保温壳体2的保温腔201,并与冷启动后的氨内燃机的尾气进行混合升温,随后一并进入脱硝装置6内,进行氮氧化物去除处理。After heat exchange with the first cracking disk, the combustion gas flows from the first gas channel into the insulation chamber 201 of the insulation shell 2, and is mixed with the exhaust gas of the ammonia internal combustion engine after cold start to increase the temperature, and then enters the denitrification device 6 together for nitrogen oxide removal treatment.
具体的,在氨内燃机处于正常运行工况时,根据氨内燃机对氢氮混合气的需求量,进行如下的控制步骤。Specifically, when the ammonia internal combustion engine is in a normal operating condition, the following control steps are performed according to the demand of the ammonia internal combustion engine for the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.
如图13所示,当氨内燃机对氢氮混合气的需求量较少(少于或等于设定量)时,通过流量控制阀减少进入氨燃烧室19内的氨气和空气的流量,且调节其当量比,以产生流量较低、温度较低的燃烧气,燃烧气只需维持低温裂解单元10内的第一裂解盘温度在450℃即可。随后,通过流量控制阀控制进入加热流道21内的氨气流量,在氨气被加热到450℃-500℃(此时,氨气的温度与第一裂解盘的温度相同)后,令氨气进入低温裂解单元10内进行氨裂解,并产生氢氮混合气。氢氮混合气在流入集气装置7后,从燃料气出口3流出。As shown in FIG13 , when the ammonia internal combustion engine has a low demand for a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas (less than or equal to a set amount), the flow rate of ammonia and air entering the ammonia combustion chamber 19 is reduced by a flow control valve, and their equivalence ratio is adjusted to produce a combustion gas with a lower flow rate and a lower temperature. The combustion gas only needs to maintain the temperature of the first cracking disk in the low-temperature cracking unit 10 at 450°C. Subsequently, the flow rate of ammonia entering the heating flow channel 21 is controlled by a flow control valve. After the ammonia is heated to 450°C-500°C (at this time, the temperature of the ammonia is the same as the temperature of the first cracking disk), the ammonia is allowed to enter the low-temperature cracking unit 10 for ammonia cracking and produce a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. After flowing into the gas collecting device 7, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas flows out from the fuel gas outlet 3.
而燃烧气在完成对低温裂解单元10内的第一裂解盘加热后,进入保温壳体2的保温腔201,在与尾气混合升温后,尾气和燃烧气一并进入脱硝装置6进行处理。After the combustion gas heats the first cracking disk in the low-temperature cracking unit 10, it enters the insulation chamber 201 of the insulation shell 2. After mixing with the tail gas and heating up, the tail gas and the combustion gas enter the denitration device 6 for treatment.
如图14所示,当氨内燃机对氢氮混合气的需求量较多(多于设定量)时,通过流量控制阀控制进入氨燃烧室19内的氨气和空气的流量增加,且调节为化学当量比,使得氨气在氨燃烧室19内燃烧,并产生高流量、高温的燃烧气,燃烧气可以将低温裂解单元10的温度由450℃提升至600℃(也即第二设定值)。As shown in FIG14 , when the ammonia internal combustion engine has a large demand for a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture (more than a set amount), the flow rate of ammonia and air entering the ammonia combustion chamber 19 is increased by controlling the flow control valve and adjusted to a chemical equivalence ratio, so that the ammonia burns in the ammonia combustion chamber 19 and produces a high-flow, high-temperature combustion gas, which can increase the temperature of the low-temperature cracking unit 10 from 450°C to 600°C (i.e., the second set value).
然后,通过流量控制阀控制进入加热流道21内的氨气流量,由于氨燃烧室19内的火焰温度升高,氨气能够被加热至650℃,并进入至低温裂解单元10内进行氨裂解。此时,高温裂解单元9的第二控制阀23处于打开状态,因此,燃烧气能够对高温裂解单元9内的第二裂解盘进行加热;待第二裂解盘的温度达到600℃后,利用流量控制阀增大加热流道21内的氨气流量,同时,打开高温裂解单元9的第一控制阀22,使氨气能够流入高温裂解单元9的第二裂解流道内,并进行氨裂解。Then, the flow rate of ammonia entering the heating flow channel 21 is controlled by the flow control valve. Due to the increase in the flame temperature in the ammonia combustion chamber 19, the ammonia can be heated to 650°C and enter the low-temperature cracking unit 10 for ammonia cracking. At this time, the second control valve 23 of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 is in an open state, so the combustion gas can heat the second cracking disk in the high-temperature cracking unit 9; after the temperature of the second cracking disk reaches 600°C, the flow rate of ammonia in the heating flow channel 21 is increased by the flow control valve, and at the same time, the first control valve 22 of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 is opened to allow the ammonia to flow into the second cracking flow channel of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and perform ammonia cracking.
高温裂解单元9和低温裂解单元10所产生的氢氮混合气统统经出气管路8流入集气装置7,并从燃料气出口3流出,为氨内燃机提供燃料。燃烧气在对低温裂解单元10和高温裂解单元9加热后,会与保温腔201内的尾气进行混合,然后一并进入脱硝装置6。The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the low-temperature cracking unit 10 all flows into the gas collecting device 7 through the gas outlet pipeline 8, and flows out from the fuel gas outlet 3 to provide fuel for the ammonia internal combustion engine. After heating the low-temperature cracking unit 10 and the high-temperature cracking unit 9, the combustion gas will be mixed with the tail gas in the heat preservation chamber 201, and then enter the denitration device 6 together.
此外,如图15和图20所示,本发明实施例二提供了一种氨内燃机燃料整备系统的使用方法,该使用方法包括如下的步骤:In addition, as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 20 , the second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for using an ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system, and the method includes the following steps:
在氨内燃机处于高功率运行工况时:When the ammonia internal combustion engine is in high power operation:
步骤S310:停止往氨燃烧室19通入氨气和空气,开启尾气支路101上的控制阀和第二气道上的控制阀,使第一裂解流道内的温度和第二裂解流道内的温度均达到第二设定值。Step S310: stop introducing ammonia and air into the ammonia combustion chamber 19, open the control valve on the tail gas branch 101 and the control valve on the second air channel, so that the temperature in the first cracking flow channel and the temperature in the second cracking flow channel both reach the second set value.
步骤S320:将氨气通入加热流道21,并通过尾气管路1将尾气通入保温腔201,对加热流道21内的氨气加热至第二设定值或以上。Step S320: passing ammonia gas into the heating flow channel 21, and passing the tail gas into the heat preservation chamber 201 through the tail gas pipeline 1, and heating the ammonia gas in the heating flow channel 21 to a second set value or above.
具体的,如图15所示,在氨内燃机进行高功率、大负载的运行时,会产生高温的尾气,此时,可以关闭氨燃料管路14上的流量控制阀,直接利用尾气来对氨气进行预热。通过流量控制阀减少进入保温腔201内的尾气流量,同时,开启尾气支路101上的控制阀,使得一部分高温尾气流入保温腔201,另一部分高温尾气经尾气支路101进入燃烧气分配室13;随后,尾气分别进入高温裂解单元9的第二气道和低温裂解单元10的第一气道,此时,高温裂解单元9的第二控制阀23处于开启状态,利用尾气的热量对第一裂解盘和第二裂解盘进行加热,使得第一裂解盘和第二裂解盘的温度维持在600℃(也即第二设定值)。考虑到氨气在流向高温裂解单元9和低温裂解单元10时存在热量损失,可以将氨气的温度提高到第二设定值以上。Specifically, as shown in FIG15 , when the ammonia internal combustion engine is running at high power and high load, high-temperature tail gas will be generated. At this time, the flow control valve on the ammonia fuel pipeline 14 can be closed, and the tail gas can be directly used to preheat the ammonia. The tail gas flow entering the insulation chamber 201 is reduced by the flow control valve. At the same time, the control valve on the tail gas branch 101 is opened, so that a part of the high-temperature tail gas flows into the insulation chamber 201, and the other part of the high-temperature tail gas enters the combustion gas distribution chamber 13 through the tail gas branch 101; then, the tail gas enters the second gas passage of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the first gas passage of the low-temperature cracking unit 10 respectively. At this time, the second control valve 23 of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 is in an open state, and the heat of the tail gas is used to heat the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk, so that the temperature of the first cracking disk and the second cracking disk is maintained at 600°C (that is, the second set value). Considering that there is heat loss when ammonia flows to the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the low-temperature cracking unit 10, the temperature of the ammonia can be increased to above the second set value.
进入至保温腔201内的尾气会对加热流道21内的氨气进行加热,使得氨气升温至600℃(也即第二设定值),然后,升温后的氨气分别进入高温裂解单元9的第二裂解流道和低温裂解单元10的第一裂解流道,进行氨裂解,并产生氢氮混合气。从高温裂解单元9和低温裂解单元10流出的尾气,会与保温腔201内的尾气相混合,并一起进入脱硝装置6内进行处理。The tail gas entering the heat preservation chamber 201 will heat the ammonia gas in the heating flow channel 21, so that the temperature of the ammonia gas rises to 600°C (i.e., the second set value). Then, the heated ammonia gas enters the second cracking flow channel of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the first cracking flow channel of the low-temperature cracking unit 10 respectively to crack the ammonia and generate a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The tail gas flowing out of the high-temperature cracking unit 9 and the low-temperature cracking unit 10 will be mixed with the tail gas in the heat preservation chamber 201 and enter the denitration device 6 for treatment.
在使用本发明实施例提供的氨内燃机燃料整备系统时,根据氨内燃机工作时对氢氮混合气气量的不同需求以及氨内燃机的尾气温度,相应调节氨内燃机燃料整备系统的氢氮混合气的产气量以及工作模式,以匹配氨内燃机的工作需求,并提升能量利用效率。When using the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the gas production and working mode of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas of the ammonia internal combustion engine fuel preparation system are adjusted accordingly according to the different requirements for the amount of hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas when the ammonia internal combustion engine is working and the exhaust temperature of the ammonia internal combustion engine to match the working requirements of the ammonia internal combustion engine and improve energy utilization efficiency.
以上对本发明的较佳实施方式进行了具体说明,但本发明创造并不限于所述实施例,熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变型或替换,这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically described above, but the invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the spirit of the invention. These equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.
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CN118306948B (en) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-10-29 | 佛山仙湖实验室 | High-response combustion-inductance coupling ammonia modification system and control method |
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